A Brief History of the Soviet Union Animal Farm and Soviet History…Hooray!
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Transcript of A Brief History of the Soviet Union Animal Farm and Soviet History…Hooray!
A Brief History of the Soviet Union
A Brief History of the Soviet Union
Animal Farm and Soviet History…
Hooray!
Animal Farm and Soviet History…
Hooray!
The Long 19th CenturyThe Long 19th Century From monarchies to revolutions, European people began looking to new
political ideologies to help them deal with new problems they faced in a new era. These ideologies, forming since the age of enlightenment (mid-17th century), would drastically change the face of the governments that rules over them
The ideas were as different as the cultures they came from…
From monarchies to revolutions, European people began looking to new political ideologies to help them deal with new problems they faced in a new era. These ideologies, forming since the age of enlightenment (mid-17th century), would drastically change the face of the governments that rules over them
The ideas were as different as the cultures they came from…
John Locke & Thomas HobbesJohn Locke & Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes Life is “brutish, nasty, & short People don’t know how to behave Society needs a big protector, a huge
Leviathan government to keep order
John Locke People can make good decisions on
their own People have rights no government
has the right to take away You have the right to life, the right to
liberty, the right to own property, and the right to rebel against an unjust law or unjust government
Thomas Hobbes Life is “brutish, nasty, & short People don’t know how to behave Society needs a big protector, a huge
Leviathan government to keep order
John Locke People can make good decisions on
their own People have rights no government
has the right to take away You have the right to life, the right to
liberty, the right to own property, and the right to rebel against an unjust law or unjust government
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Thomas Hobbes (left) and John Locke (right)…doesn’t Hobbes look old and crotchety?
Karl Marx…aka Old Major?Karl Marx…aka Old Major? Throughout history, there has been a
never ending battle “between two hostile and warring camps”: the workers and the bourgeois
The wealthy treat the workers poorly, and will always do so. Only workers can make decisions in the best interests of workers. So what is needed is revolution, but only at the right time…don’t rush. Let capitalism take its natural course and a communist revolution will occur naturally
Workers can own their own private property, but the means of mass production will belong to the workers and they will collectively decide how best the use the resources they have…no governments needed
Throughout history, there has been a never ending battle “between two hostile and warring camps”: the workers and the bourgeois
The wealthy treat the workers poorly, and will always do so. Only workers can make decisions in the best interests of workers. So what is needed is revolution, but only at the right time…don’t rush. Let capitalism take its natural course and a communist revolution will occur naturally
Workers can own their own private property, but the means of mass production will belong to the workers and they will collectively decide how best the use the resources they have…no governments needed
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Problems in RussiaProblems in Russia
Political emancipation, economic oppression Serfdom ended in 1861 Economic growth halted by the agricultural
communes created for former serfs Former serfs could not leave the commune
without permission, even to find better paying jobs in urban areas
Political emancipation, economic oppression Serfdom ended in 1861 Economic growth halted by the agricultural
communes created for former serfs Former serfs could not leave the commune
without permission, even to find better paying jobs in urban areas
Problems, con’tProblems, con’t Incompetence of the Imperial
government 1905 revolution, brought on by discontent peasants and
workers, along with Russia’s poor performance in the Russo-Japanese War, and capped of by the Bloody Sunday massacre of civilians by government forces, still did not persuade the government to allow democratic reforms, making the population more radical
The growing radical population swelled with the ranks of soldiers, peasants, and urban workers
The government tried to create a modern economy, but feared the effect of an educated population might have on imperial power
Incompetence of the Imperial government 1905 revolution, brought on by discontent peasants and
workers, along with Russia’s poor performance in the Russo-Japanese War, and capped of by the Bloody Sunday massacre of civilians by government forces, still did not persuade the government to allow democratic reforms, making the population more radical
The growing radical population swelled with the ranks of soldiers, peasants, and urban workers
The government tried to create a modern economy, but feared the effect of an educated population might have on imperial power
Revolution and a New OrderRevolution and a New Order
World War I does what the Russo-Japanese could not Russia sues for peace with Germany
after a disastrous start - Russia could not provide the resources to fight a war, let alone fight a war and feed its people
A new leader emerges from the vacated imperial government…
World War I does what the Russo-Japanese could not Russia sues for peace with Germany
after a disastrous start - Russia could not provide the resources to fight a war, let alone fight a war and feed its people
A new leader emerges from the vacated imperial government…
A Russian Revolution…A Russian Revolution… Vladimir Lenin
Promises “peace, land, and bread”
Promises a communist democracy
Knows the course of history and can speed up Marx’s natural course of history
Is willing to sell short communist ideology for political expediency
Vladimir Lenin Promises “peace, land, and
bread” Promises a communist
democracy Knows the course of history
and can speed up Marx’s natural course of history
Is willing to sell short communist ideology for political expediency
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…Deferred…Deferred
Lenin dies in 1924, not leaving a clear successor
Lenin leaves a legacy of setting aside political principles in the name of preserving the revolution, which was created in the first place to install its political principles
Lenin’s successor takes changing principle for power to a whole new level…
Lenin dies in 1924, not leaving a clear successor
Lenin leaves a legacy of setting aside political principles in the name of preserving the revolution, which was created in the first place to install its political principles
Lenin’s successor takes changing principle for power to a whole new level…
Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Stats:
Real name: Iosef Besarionis dze Jughashvili
Born Dec. 1878 in Gori, Georgia (the country, not the state!)
In 1894, enrolled to become an Eastern Orthodox priest
Abandons the priesthood to become a full-time revolutionary
In 1905, he meets Lenin, and by 1928 is leader of the Soviet Union
Stats: Real name: Iosef Besarionis dze
Jughashvili Born Dec. 1878 in Gori, Georgia
(the country, not the state!) In 1894, enrolled to become an
Eastern Orthodox priest Abandons the priesthood to
become a full-time revolutionary
In 1905, he meets Lenin, and by 1928 is leader of the Soviet Union
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Stalin is the leader of a revolution waged in the
name of Marx’s communist ideas…
Stalin is the leader of a revolution waged in the
name of Marx’s communist ideas…
So what’s the problem?So what’s the problem?
Tale of the tapeTale of the tape What Marx said…
A communist revolution cannot be forced on people. The world must progress through the stages: Primitive communism, slave society, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, communism
If a revolution is forced on people, then the people won’t understand why communism is the final and best stage of society
What Marx said… A communist revolution
cannot be forced on people. The world must progress through the stages: Primitive communism, slave society, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, communism
If a revolution is forced on people, then the people won’t understand why communism is the final and best stage of society
What Stalin did… Force 5-year
industrialization plans upon workers and peasants, working communally
The aim of the 5-year plan were not to improve people’s lives, but to make the Soviet Union powerful and avoid future repeats of the Russo-Japanese War or World War I
What Stalin did… Force 5-year
industrialization plans upon workers and peasants, working communally
The aim of the 5-year plan were not to improve people’s lives, but to make the Soviet Union powerful and avoid future repeats of the Russo-Japanese War or World War I
Tale of the Tape…2Tale of the Tape…2 What Marx said…
Communism means the tearing down of national borders and creating a government based along the lines of workers interests, not the interests of individual countries
What Marx said… Communism
means the tearing down of national borders and creating a government based along the lines of workers interests, not the interests of individual countries
What Stalin did… Use the Nazi invasion
of the Soviet Union to harness nationalist Russian sentiment, which he used to hold onto power during and after the Second World War
What Stalin did… Use the Nazi invasion
of the Soviet Union to harness nationalist Russian sentiment, which he used to hold onto power during and after the Second World War
Tale of the tape…3Tale of the tape…3
What Marx said… Communism is a
dictatorship of the proletariat, which is essentially a collective decision making process made by workers for workers
What Marx said… Communism is a
dictatorship of the proletariat, which is essentially a collective decision making process made by workers for workers
What Stalin did… Create a Soviet
constitution offering democratic freedoms of speech and the press, basic ownership of property for individuals, and equality before the law…then he qualified it with the phrase “in the interests of the working class and for the purpose of strengthening the socialist system.”
What Stalin did… Create a Soviet
constitution offering democratic freedoms of speech and the press, basic ownership of property for individuals, and equality before the law…then he qualified it with the phrase “in the interests of the working class and for the purpose of strengthening the socialist system.”
Stalin’s LegacyStalin’s Legacy By saying he would end private property on a
large scale (national mass production, not small individual property), Stalin added purges were necessary because there were those who would fight the ending of such private property…
Stalin eventually carried those purges into the lives of ordinary Soviet citizens who owned small-scale private property (someone who had one too many farm animals, or who possessed more agricultural equipment than other Soviet citizens
By saying he would end private property on a large scale (national mass production, not small individual property), Stalin added purges were necessary because there were those who would fight the ending of such private property…
Stalin eventually carried those purges into the lives of ordinary Soviet citizens who owned small-scale private property (someone who had one too many farm animals, or who possessed more agricultural equipment than other Soviet citizens
Stalin’s Legacy, con’tStalin’s Legacy, con’t Between 1936 and 1938, an estimated one to two million
Soviet people were killed in what became known as “The Great Purge”
An unknown number more died both before 1936 and the time period of 1945 and 1953 (the period after World War II and Stalin’s death, when he was attempting to reconsolidate his control over the Soviet Union
Afterwards, the Soviet Union tried to put the past behind, putting in charge a leader who drastically curtailed the use of terror and purges to control people’s attitudes towards the government, but by then, the damage was already done
Between 1936 and 1938, an estimated one to two million Soviet people were killed in what became known as “The Great Purge”
An unknown number more died both before 1936 and the time period of 1945 and 1953 (the period after World War II and Stalin’s death, when he was attempting to reconsolidate his control over the Soviet Union
Afterwards, the Soviet Union tried to put the past behind, putting in charge a leader who drastically curtailed the use of terror and purges to control people’s attitudes towards the government, but by then, the damage was already done
The EndThe End