Appropriations and constraints in the Astronomer: experiment
A Brief History of Film… Brief…. 1825 The invention of the thaumatrope, whose name means "wonder...
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Transcript of A Brief History of Film… Brief…. 1825 The invention of the thaumatrope, whose name means "wonder...
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A Brief History of Film…
Brief…
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1825
• The invention of the thaumatrope, whose name means "wonder turner," has often been credited to the astronomer Sir John Herschel.
• However, it was a well-known London physicist, Dr. John A. Paris, who made this toy popular.
• Thaumatropes were the first of many optical toys, simple devices that continued to provide animated entertainment until the development of modern cinema.
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How many of you have seen Burton’s “Sleepy Hollow”?
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1832
Joseph Plateau and sons introduce the Phenakistoscope. Pictures on one disc viewed through slots in the other, appeared to move when the two were spun and viewed in a mirror.
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1834• Another illusion toy - the
Zoetrope was introduced by William George Horner. The Zoetrope used the same principle as Plateau's Phenakistoscope but instead of discs the pictures and slots are combined in a rotating drum.
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1867
• The first machine patented in the US that showed animated pictures or movies was a device called the "wheel of life" or "zoopraxiscope".
• Patented in 1867 by William Lincoln, moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope.
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1891• In 1891, the Edison
company successfully demonstrated the Kinetoscope, which enabled one person at a time to view moving pictures.
• This type of device was known as a “peepshow” device and did not project.
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1894
• Another peepshow device, similar to the kinetoscope, the Mutoscope was patented by Herman Casler, and worked using a flip-card device to provide the motion picture.
• Needing a camera he turned to his friend W.K.L Dickson who, unhappy at the Edison Company cooperated and with several others they formed the American Mutoscope Company.
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1895• The Frenchman Louis
Lumiere invented a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe… three functions covered in one invention.
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1895 (cont.)
• 1895 The first film shot with the Cinématographe camera is La Sortie de l'usine Lumière a Lyon (Workers leaving the Lumière factory at Lyon).
• Shot in March it is shown in public at a meeting of the Societe d'Encouragement a l'industrie Nationale in Paris that same month.
• View YouTube clip…
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"The cinema is an invention without a future." - Louis Lumière
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1896
• Later in 1896, Edison showed his improved Vitascope projector and it was the first commercially, successful, projector in the U.S.
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1897
• By 1897 the American Mutoscope Company had become the most popular film company in America - both projecting films and with the peephole Mutoscope.
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The 20th Century…
• As projection and recording technology merged, public screenings of short “films” becomes a popular and affordable past time in both Europe and America.
• Before we move on to that era, let’s make thaumatropes!