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![Page 1: A Brief History of Computers - CSE IIT Kgpcse.iitkgp.ac.in/~debdeep/teaching/CS130/slides/computers.pdf · A Brief History of Computers By ... IIT Madras. Pre-Mechanical Computing:](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022003/5a9e35937f8b9aee4a8b51cf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Brief History of ComputersA Brief History of ComputersA Brief History of ComputersBy
Debdeep MukhopadhyayAssistant ProfessorDept of Computer Sc and Engg
IIT Madras
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Pre-Mechanical Computing:Pre-Mechanical Computing:
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Mechanical computersMechanical computers
FromFromThe AbacusThe Abacusc. 4000 BCEc. 4000 BCE
to to Charles BabbageCharles Babbage
and his Difference Engine (1812)and his Difference Engine (1812)
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Mechanical computers:The Abacus (c. 3000 BC)Mechanical computers:The Abacus (c. 3000 BC)
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Napier’s Bones andLogarithms (1617)
NapierNapier’’s Bones ands Bones andLogarithms (1617)Logarithms (1617)
Picture courtesy IBM
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Oughtred’s (1621) and Schickard‘s (1623]
slide rule
OughtredOughtred’’s (1621) and s (1621) and SchickardSchickard‘‘s (1623]s (1623]
slide ruleslide rule
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Blaise Pascal’sPascaline (1645)
Blaise PascalBlaise Pascal’’ssPascaline (1645)Pascaline (1645)
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Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz’sStepped Reckoner (1674)
Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnitzGottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz’’ssStepped Reckoner (1674)Stepped Reckoner (1674)
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Joseph-Marie Jacquard and his punched card controlled looms (1804)
JosephJoseph--Marie Jacquard and his punched Marie Jacquard and his punched card controlled looms (1804)card controlled looms (1804)
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Preparing the cards with the pattern for the cloth to be woven
Preparing the cards with the pattern Preparing the cards with the pattern for the cloth to be wovenfor the cloth to be woven
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Charles Babbage (1791-1871)The Father of Computers
Charles Babbage (1791Charles Babbage (1791--1871)1871)The Father of ComputersThe Father of Computers
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Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine
Charles BabbageCharles Babbage’’s Difference s Difference EngineEngine
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Charles Babbage’s Analytical EngineCharles BabbageCharles Babbage’’s Analytical Engines Analytical Engine
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Lady Augusta AdaCountess of Lovelace
Lady Augusta AdaLady Augusta AdaCountess of LovelaceCountess of Lovelace
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Electro-mechanical computersElectro-mechanical computers
FromFromHerman HollerithHerman Hollerith’’ss
18901890Census Counting MachineCensus Counting Machine
to to Howard AikenHoward Aiken
and the Harvard Mark I (1944)and the Harvard Mark I (1944)
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Herman Hollerith and hisCensus Tabulating Machine (1884)
Herman Hollerith and hisHerman Hollerith and hisCensus Tabulating Machine (1884)Census Tabulating Machine (1884)
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A closer look at the Census Tabulating Machine
A closer look at the Census A closer look at the Census Tabulating MachineTabulating Machine
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The Harvard Mark I (1944)aka IBM’s Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
The Harvard Mark I (1944)The Harvard Mark I (1944)aka IBMaka IBM’’s Automatic Sequence s Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC)Controlled Calculator (ASCC)Howard Aiken
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The first computer bugThe first computer bugThe first computer bugRear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper
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Electronic digital computersElectronic digital computers
FromFromJohn Vincent AtanasoffJohn Vincent Atanasoff’’ss
19391939AtanasoffAtanasoff--Berry Computer (ABC)Berry Computer (ABC)
to to the present daythe present day
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Alan Turing1912-1954
Alan TuringAlan Turing19121912--19541954
The Turing MachineAka
The Universal Machine1936
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John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-1995)John Vincent Atanasoff (1903John Vincent Atanasoff (1903--1995)1995)
Physics ProfAt
Iowa StateUniversity,Ames, IA
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Clifford Berry (1918-1963)Clifford Berry (1918Clifford Berry (1918--1963)1963)
PhD studentof
Dr. Atanasoff’s
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1939The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
19391939The AtanasoffThe Atanasoff--Berry Computer (ABC)Berry Computer (ABC)
The ABC was the first electronic digital computer, invented by John Vincent Atanasoff
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1943Bletchley Park’s Colossus
19431943Bletchley ParkBletchley Park’’s Colossuss Colossus
The EnigmaMachine
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1946The ENIAC
19461946The ENIACThe ENIAC
John Presper Eckert(1919-1995)andJohn Mauchly(1907-1980)of theUniversity of Pennsylvania Moore School of Engineering
--Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
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The ENIAC:Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer
The ENIAC:The ENIAC:Electronic Numerical Integrator and Electronic Numerical Integrator and
ComputerComputer
30 tons, 18,000 vacuum
Tubes(little powerful
than the modern
Calculator)
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ENIAC’s Wiring!ENIACENIAC’’s Wiring!s Wiring!
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Programming the ENIACProgramming the ENIACProgramming the ENIAC
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1951Univac
19511951UnivacUnivac
Typical 1968 prices—EX-cluding maintenance & support!
$40 millions for a calculator!!!
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First Generation: Vonn NeumanMachine
First Generation: Vonn NeumanMachine
1948 and beyond…
1903-1957
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"Baby" at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester (MSIM), England
"Baby" at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester (MSIM), England
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Vonn Neuman ArchitectureVonn Neuman Architecture
Stored Program ComputerProgrammableInstruction Set ArchitectureMemory bandwidth
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UNIVAC-I: First Mass Produced Computer : Generation 2UNIVAC-I: First Mass Produced Computer : Generation 2
Universal Automatic ComputerOriginally made by Remington RandSold 46 machines at $1 million each1900 operations per second in a smaller and more efficient package than ENIAC.
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The IBM Main Frame computersThe IBM Main Frame computers
1952, IBM announced the 701 Electronic Data Processing MachineFirst of its successful 700/7000 Mainframe computersFortran was developed during 1955 and 56Microprogramming was invented during this time
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Punched CardsPunched Cards
A punch card or punched card is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions
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Generation 3: Post-1960 Generation 3: Post-1960 Jack St. Clair Kilby's and Robert Noyce's independent invention of the integrated circuitInvention of the microprocessor, by Ted Hoff and Federico Faggin at Intel. Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple Computer, is credited with developing the first mass-market home computers.
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Future??? Future???
Nano-technologyQuantum Computing…Your mind (if applied)…