A Bi-annual newsletter published by the GHARP/KRA ......Laikipia East, Laikipia West, Narok North,...

MvuaA Bi-annual newsletter published by the GHARP/KRA Secretariat through a project funded by the

European Union’s NGOs Actions in Developing Countries Programme for Kenya

Volume 19 December 2011

This project is funded by the European Union This project is implemented by GHARP/KRA in partnership with Skillshare International

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union

Tuvune Mvua Tupate Ustawi

EDITORIAL

In this Issue• Editorial• GHARP/KRA

Updates• GHARP/URWA

Updates• GHARPWorkshop

Updates• GHARP/KRA

SecretariatNews• FeatureArticle

Editorial TeamStephen NgigiFlorence ChepkoechJoyce NjiguaTitus Wakeru

ContributorsStephen Ngigi Katie AllanRonald KamadiNicodemus MunyaoPatrick WaruiFlorence ChepkoechAngelina MusembiPaul Ng’ang’aJoseph Mwaura

Design and LayoutSammy Mwaura, Info-Point Cyberdome Ltd. Nairobi

Publishers/PrintersEnglish Press Ltd, Nairobi

Cover photoCompleted Cattle Trough - Narok South

All photos are GHARP unless otherwise stated

Tuvune Mvua Tupate Ustawi – Rainwater Harvesting for Development

Welcome to the 19th editionoftheMvuanewsletterwhichmainlyfocusesontheGreaterHornofAfricaRainwaterPartnership/KenyaRainwaterAssoci-ation(GHARP/KRA)activities,GHARP/KRASecretariatnews,stakeholders’workshops,communityinitiatives,andsuccessstoriesonrainwaterharvesting(RWH)fromacrossournetworkmembers.ThisissuecoverstheperiodJulytoDecember2011andhighlightscasestudies,andexperiencesfromthecurrentGHARP/KRAprojectsandpartners’activitiesinEasternAfrica.Thenewsletteralsoincludesfascinatingcontributionsfromourstakeholdersworkinginrain-waterharvesting(RWH),includinganarticleonPromotingUseofRainwaterHarvestingtoImproveAccesstoWaterandSanitationinGhana.ItalsoreportsbackontherecentKenyaRainwaterAssociation(KRA) WinningtheGlobalGiv-ingChallengeandRaisingFundsforMatuikuPrimarySchoolImprovedWaterandSanitationProjectinNyandaruaCounty.ThechallengewasaresoundingsuccessandKRAmanagedtofundraiseoverUSD.5,000tosupporttheschoolwater and sanitationproject, aswell as securingapermanent spotonGlob-alGiving’s fundraisingwebsite,whichwill enhance our fundraisingprofile.

The GHARP/KRA Secretariat has successfully completed and com-missioned a number of projects since the start of the year and the impactsof our work are already being felt by the target communities. Project com-missioning events were held in Laikipia East, Laikipia West and NyandaruaNorth.Thesearepartofthetargetdistrictsoftheon-goingtheEU-SkillshareInternational project, which targeted eight semi-arid districts of Kenya.The project is on-going inNarok South,Baringo andMogotio districts. KRAis also continues to implement a number of on-going projects, which in-clude the KRA/New Life Mission (NLM) project in Mashuru district (Kaji-adoCounty)andTheUSAID/KHCPproject inUkambaniandCoastal region.

In Uganda, theUgandaRainwaterAssociation (URWA) has been focus-ing on capacity building to empower the communities of Rakai district inUganda and assisting them to efficiently use rainwater for agricultural pur-poses in order to improve their food security.The article focuses on a feed-backofarecenttriptoprojectsiteinRakaidistrictinSouth-westernUganda.

Our feature articlefocusesonthepromotionofintegratedrainwaterhar-vesting and management (RHM) technological package which provides acaptivating insight into development packages for different target groupsthat KRA has developed, through research and has piloted in many Semi-AridDistrictsofKenya.Thethreemaintargetgroupsarepastoralcommuni-ties, agro-pastoral communities (smallholder farmers), and primary schools(whicharetargetedasdemonstrationsitesandinnovationcentrestoinfluencechildrenaschangeagentsanddifferentschoolstakeholdersandvisitors).Wewill serialize the three technological promotion packages in our next issuesofMvuaNewsletterstartingwiththeschool-basedinterventionsinthisissue.

GHARP’s promotion and implementation of rainwater harvesting andmanagement(RHM)systemsandcomplementarytechnologiescanonlycon-tinuewiththefinancialsupportofdevelopmentpartners,andbuildingpart-nershipwithvarious stakeholders.TheGHARP/KRASecretariat is continu-ouslyseekingfornewpartnershipstosupporttheon-goinginitiativesaimedat helping the vulnerable communities in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs)improve access reliable water sources for productive uses, sanitation andhygiene, and food security andnutrition for sustainable livelihoods and en-vironmental conservation.Wehavedevelopedand tested integrated techno-logicalpackages thatwearestriving topromoteandscaleup to reducewa-terscarcity, foodinsecurityandpoverty inKenyaandEasternAfricaregion.

For information on our work and how to partner or support our efforts, please con-tact the GHARP/ KRA Secretariat by email: [email protected] or visit our website: www.gharainwater.org

Promoting Rainwater Harvesting and Management for Sustainable Livelihood Systems

MVUA NEWSLETTER December 2011


BackgroundSince January 2008, the GreaterHorn of Africa Rainwater Part-nership/Kenya Rainwater As-sociation (GHARP/KRA) Secre-tariat has been implementing aproject entitled: ‘Integrated Rain-water Harvesting and Management Systems and Complementary Tech-nologies for PovertyReduction and Sustainable Livelihood in Semi-Arid Districts of Kenya.’ The four-yearproject is by European Union(EU)-funded through UK-basedSkillshare International, and tar-gets eight semi-arid districts inKenya: Baringo, Koibatek/Mogotio, LaikipiaEast,Laikipia West,Narok North, Narok South, NyandaruaNorth,andTransmara.Theprojectimplementationschedulehas fourphases–focusingonneighboringdistrictstoeasemonitoringlogis-tics–eachspreadingoveroneyearandcoveringatleasttwodistricts.

The first two phases which cov-ered five districts i.e. Narok North and Transmara; and Lai-kipia East, Laikipia West, andNyandarua North, have beencompleted and commissioned. The last two phases commencedconcurrently in January 2011and covers the remaining three

districtsi.e.Baringo, Mogotio, andNarok South.Theimplementationprocess is indifferentstagesanditisexpectedtobecompletedbyJune2012.Thelastprojectsitetobe launched was Baringo, whichwas a great success and attract-ed substantial media coverage.

The project is broad in scope and includesawide range of in-tegrated technological package fordifferent targetgroups–pas-toral communities in five dis-tricts (Narok and Baringo Coun-ties); agro-pastoral communities(smallholder farmers) in Laikipiaand Nyandarua Counties; andeight primary schools in each ofthe target district. The compo-nents of the technological pack-age include: earth dams/waterpans;farm ponds;roofcatchmentsystems and improved sanita-tion for schools; complimentarytechnologies like drip irrigationsystems; alternative and supple-mentary livelihoods activities; and community capacity build-ing toenhanceprojectsustainabil-ity. This update highlights whathas been accomplished betweenJune – December 2011, and in-cluding project commissioninginLaikipia East, Laikipia West and Nyandarua Northdistricts,projectlaunching in Mogotio and Narok South districts), some projectimpacts, and pending activities.

Project accomplishmentsThe accomplishments are as di-verse as the different livelihoodsystems of the target communi-

ties. The following are some ofthemainaccomplishmentssofar:

Earth dams/water pans:The project aims to rehabilitate/construct five earth dams/waterpansover theentireprojectperi-od.Currentlyconstructionoffourwater pans (Tapwale, Iltumtum, Ildungisho and Bekibon) has beencompleted, including fencing tomaintainwaterqualitybyensur-ingthatanimalsdonotaccessthewater directly, but instead uselivestock troughs downstream.The lastearthdamisundercon-struction in Baringo County.

Auxiliary structures:The auxiliary and water regu-lation structures are part of thecommunal earth dams/waterpans, and they are necessary toensure that the community andtheirlivestockdonotgetthewa-ter directly to prevent contami-nation and siltation of thewaterreservoir (soil erosion).These in-cludewaterregulationstructures(i.e. an intake/filtration system,livestock troughs, and commu-nity water points) and sanitaryfacilities(communitylatrineandbathrooms–separateformenandwomen). These structures havebeen constructed and are in use

Integrated Rainwater Harvesting and Management Project in Semi-arid Districts, KenyaBy Ronald Kamadi, Paul Ng’ang’a and Joseph Mwaura, Technical Assistants GHARP/KRA

GHARP/KRA EU-Skillshare Project Updates

Excavation of water pan, Baringo district

Completed Water pan, Narok South District

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infouroutoffiveprojectsites.AtNarok South project site, ecologi-cal sanitation (ecosan) has beenpiloted and its impact is beingmonitored.Ecosanlatrines,whichseparateurineandfeaces,providesafe disposal of human waste,which after decomposing for upto6months,canbeusedasorgan-ic fertilizer for crops and fruits.KRA has partnered with UK-based development partner,Wherever The Need (WTN), topilot a type of ecosan latrine -the Urine Diversion Dehydrat-ing Toilet (UDDT). Ecosan has ahigh potential especially wherepit latrines are not feasible duetounstable soilsor inareaswithhigh groundwater table – proneto biological contamination.

Farm ponds:The project has constructed atotal of 90 farm ponds (of 50m3storage capacity) Laikipia East,Laikipia West, and Nyandarua Northdistricts as themain com-ponentforthetechnologicalpack-age for smallholder farmers.Theproject is promoting upgradedfarm ponds, which have been

improved tocontrolwater lossesthroughseepageandevaporation.The farms ponds have increasedwater availability for vegetableproductionunderdripirrigation.The farm ponds have proved tobe a sustainable climate changeadaptionstrategyforsmallholderfarmers where rain-fed agricul-ture is being affected by recur-rent droughts. Besides low-headdrip irrigation, hip pumps fromKickstart International Inc. havealso been introduced to lift wa-ter from the farm ponds intothe drip irrigation systems – asa complementary technology.

Improved water supply and sani-tation in schools:The project aims to benefit oneprimary school in each of theeight target districts with im-proved water supply and gen-der-sensitive sanitary facilities.Thewater supply consist of roofcatchment system – constructionof 50m3 rainwater storage tankand improvement of gutteringsystem, including a simple foul-flashdevice.The improved sani-tationincludesseparateboysandgirlsVIPlatrinesandhand-wash-ing facilities. Todate,6outof8primary schools have been cov-ered.Theschool componentalsoincludes a 50m3 farm pond forvegetable production under dripirrigation to supplement schoolmealsprogramme,andestablish-mentoftreenurseryforenviron-mental conservation – greeningtheschoolsprogramme.TheseareIltumtum (Narok North), Kisiara (Transmara), Mutamaiyu (Laikipia West), Murungai (Laikipia East),Ndururi (Nyandarua North), andIldungishu (Narok South). Con-struction is underway at Lelen(Mogotio), and Seraton (Baringo).

Complementary technologies and supplementary livelihood sys-tems:Theprojectrecognizestheneedforcomplementary technologies toenhancethebenefitsandimpactsofRHMsystemsonthelivelihoodsof the target communities. Thisincludes micro-irrigation forvegetable production; improvedbeekeeping (apiculture); fod-der production and preservation(manualhaybaling)anddraughtanimal technology (DAT) whichincludes dam scoop for de-silt-ing of water pans, tined harrowfor rangeland rehabilitation,and conservation agriculture.

Mostofthecomplementarytech-nologies have been undertakenin 5 out of the 8 target districts,and implementation is underway in the remaining 3districts.

Completed cattle trough, Narok South

Definition of a Farm Pond

A farm pond is a hand-dug, underground surface run-off reservoir with capacity ranging from 30–300m3. The farm pond is normally lined with either concrete or ma-sonry ultra-violet resistance plastic material to control seepage, but KRA recom-mends an improved struc-ture that is roofed with iron sheets or shade net to con-trol evaporation and reduce risk of children or animals drowning.

Improved Beehives

A Completed Farm Pond



Environmental conservation:To enhance project sustainabil-ity, environmental conservationis also an integral componentof the project tomitigate the ef-fects of land degradation andclimate change. This componentinvolves establishment of tree/fruitseedlingsnurseriesandtreeseedlings planting to enhanceafforestation and agro-forestry.Communitytrainingoninte-gratednaturalresourcesmanage-mentalsoenhancesenvironmentalconservation.Besides treeplant-ing,theprojectpromotesplantingofhigh-value fruitsunder agro-forestry–on-farmsoilandwaterconservation,andwatershedpro-tection and income generation.

Community capacity building:Community capacity buildingthroughdemonstrations,trainingandexposurevisits isanimpor-tantaspecttoenhanceprojectown-ershipandsustainability.Thisisacontinuous activity which startswithcommunitymobilizationandsensitizationtoenhancetheirpar-ticipation and contribution, andcovers governance and leader-ship,operationandmaintenance,complementarytechnologies,andsustainable livelihood systems.Capacity building adopts dif-ferent methods, mainly formaltraining sessions and informalsessions (focused group discus-sions and general communitymeetings–barazas).Theexchangevisits exposes some of the com-munitymemberstootherprojectsites-visittheirpeersinotherdis-tricts who are practicing similarworkandlearnfromthem.Mostofcommunitycapacitybuildingsinterventions have been accom-plished, except in the last threedistricts–whereitison-going.

Commemorative certificates areissued for formal training ses-sions,whichcoversawiderangeof topics related to the project.

GHARP/KRA institutional strengthening:The project aims to strength-en the institutional capacity ofthe GHARP/ KRA Secretariatthrough the recruitment of com-petentdevelopmentworkersandto conduct leadership trainingforthestaff.Anewdevelopmentworker,aPartnershipandFund-raisingOfficer,arrivedattheSec-retariatinJanuary2011toreplaceonewhohadcompletedhercon-tract.Shehasbeenworkingalong-side the Information and Com-munication Officer. The reviewand revision of theGHARP andKRAstrategicplanshasalsobeencompleted,alongwith thepubli-cationofthe2011AnnualReport.TheGHARPwebsitehasbeenup-gradedandlaunchedandisnowmuchmore interactiveandfilledwith useful resources to down-load–takealookatthenewsite:http://www.gharainwater.org.In addition, seven members ofstaffandboardmembershaveat-tendedleadershiptrainingwhichhas proved to be helpful espe-cially in improving understand-ingandthesegregationofdutiesbetweenthegoverningboardandthe management (Secretariat).

Project commissioning:Once the major activities havebeen implemented, commission-ingisdonesothatthecommunitycan take full responsibility forthe project. Commissioning in-volvestakingstockoftheprojectaccomplishmentsandtherolesofthe community after completionto ensure sustainability. So far,

5outof8projectsiteshavebeencommissioned i.e. Narok North,Transmara, Laikipia East, Laikip-ia West and Nyandarua North.

Project impactsThe following are some of thenotable project impacts as high-lighted by the beneficiaries:• Increased and improved ac-

cesstoasafeandreliablewatersupplyavailablefordomestic,livestock,andagriculturaluses.

• Close proximity to watersources which ensures thatwomen,children,andalsoani-mals,donottreklongdistanc-es in search of water, henceincreasing their productivity.

• Reduced conflict over waterand pasture – the Tapwalewater pan in Transmara hasreduced the conflict betweentheneighbouringKipsigis andMaasai communities, whousedtofightoverlimitedwa-terresources.

• Reducedseasonalmovementsoflivestockandmeninsearchof pasture ensuring produc-tion of healthy animals andincreased financial returns.

• Improved water supply andsanitation for schools lead-ing to reduced water-bornediseases (e.g. diarrhoeaamongchildren),betterhealthand pupils’ performance.

• Enhanced water availabilityfor vegetable production un-derdrip irrigationeven lead-ingtoadoptionofsmall-scalegreenhouses for weather-sensitive horticultural crops(e.g.tomatoesandcapsicum).

• Improved food security andenhanced income generationthroughthesaleofvegetablesandhoney–enhanceeconom-icempowerment.



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GHARP/KRAregularlyvisitsthefieldtomeetwithbeneficiariesandmonitorprojectprogressanddocu-mentviewsfromthebeneficiaries.

The following are some testimo-nies from the beneficiaries.

Ms. Susan Karungari a farmerwhohave benefited from a farmpond (50m3) installedwith a hippumpanddripirrigationkit(50-litre) inLaikipiaEastDistrict.Shehas one of the success stories oftheproject,andshereportedthat she is very happy with her new farm pond since upon receiving thepond she has gradually built upher farmingandhasnowbuilt agreenhousewheresheisgrowinglargenumbersoftomatoesunderdrip irrigation. Her garden alsorevealedextensive,successfuluseofdripsystemwithpeppers,

passion fruits and sukuma wiki(kale)allgrowingwell.

Another testimony is from thehead-teacher of Nanyuki HighSchool also in Laikipia East dis-trict,whoexpressedgreatenthu-siasm for the benefits the schoolfarm pond has realized.He saidthatthe50m3farmpondanddripirrigation system were in fullworking condition and much-neededwaterhadmadeabigdif-ferencetothelivesofthoseattheschool.A thrivingvegetablegar-denwas in evidence withmanycarrots and cabbages growingwell.CliffAllumofSkillshareIn-ternational and Martin Cumellaof Tribal Group Foundation ex-pressedtheirsatisfactionwiththeproject after talking to anumberof thebeneficiaries including thehead-teacher about the impactsand the savings on buying veg-etablesfortheschoolmeals.Therefore, theproject is on trackin terms of implementation andachieving the expected outputs.Itishopedthattheprojectwillbescaleduptobenefitmorevulner-ablecommunitiesinthesemi-ar-iddistricts–sinceitdemonstratesthat benefiting communities arebecomingself-sufficientandshift-ingfromsubsistencefarming

and reliance on rain-fed agricul-ture to small-scale commercialfarmers.KenyaRainwaterAssoci-ationhasbeenabletoattracttwodevelopment partners to scale-up the technological package forsmallholder farmers – UNDP/SGP in Laikipia East and BuuriDistricts, and USAID-KHCP inUkambaniandCoastalregions.

Forthcoming activitiesThe following are someof theforthcoming activities in the re-maining three districts (Baringo, Narok South, andKoibatek/Mogo-tio):• Completion of the construc-

tionofwaterpans/earthdamsincludingconstructionofaux-iliarystructures.

• Environmental conservationand management which willincludeestablishmentoftree/vegetableseedlingnurseries.

• Community capacity build-ingwhichwillincludeprojectmanagement, maintenanceandoperationofprojectfacili-ties, sanitation and hygiene,integrated water resourcesmanagement, environmentalconservation and protection,andmarketing and entrepre-neurship,amongothers.

• Improved sanitary facilities(VIPlatrinesseparateforgirlsandboys).

• Introduction of complemen-tarytechnologiesandsupple-mentary livelihood systems(drip irrigation system, fod-der/pastureproduction,DAT,andapiculture.

• Information documentation,dissemination,andexperiencesharing.

• Monitoring, evaluation, andreporting.

• Project commissioning of thethreeremainingprojectsites.

Ms. Susan Karungari

Nanyuki High School Boys display some of the Vegetables from the farm

4 Promoting Rainwater Harvesting and Management for Sustainable Livelihood Systems


BackgroundInMay2011, theKenyaRainwa-ter Association (KRA) started anew three-year project fundedby the United States Agencyfor International Development(USAID) as one of the partnersfortheKenyaHorticulturalCom-petitivenessProject(KHCP)beingimplementedthroughFintracInc.(USA).Theprojectison-goingandwillbecompletedbyApril2014.

The overall goal of the USAID-KHCPistoincreaseruralhouse-holdincomesthroughgrowthinthe horticultural sector, assistingwith agricultural development,marketaccess,andbusinessinitia-tion.Thevaluechain-basedprojectbroughtintoimplementrainwa-ter harvesting andmanagement(RHM) component to enhancesmall-scale horticultural produc-tioninthedrought-proneregionswherefoodsecurityandeconom-ic empowerment ismajor devel-opment challenge.The phasedproject targets three counties inthetworegions-Makueni (year1),Kitui (year2),andKwale(year3).

The project is promoting RHMsystem and complementarytechnology – farm ponds anddrip irrigation - and facilitatingfarmers’ training on rainwaterharvesting, utilization and man-agement. It will also integratein-situ soil moisture conserva-tion,andtree/vegetableseedlingestablishment and fruit produc-tion. Capacity building is an in-

tegral project component andit targets smallholder farmers’groups,localextensionstaff,part-ners’ staff, and local artisans toenhance technical skills develop-ment and project sustainability.

The project targets 190 farmergroups, mainly comprised ofwomengroupsandyouthgroups–intotal4,000farmerswillbedirectbeneficiaries.Intotal,throughon-site demonstration training, and80farmerfielddays,thecapacitybuilding component will benefit4,750 farmers and 15 extensionstaffwhowillbetrainedonRHMsystems and complementarytechnologies. It is envisaged thattheprojectwill improve foodse-curityandhouseholdincome,be-sidesdemonstratingthecost-effec-tivenessandpotentialofthetech-nological package for improvingthe livelihoods of the vulnerablecommunities,andasasustainableclimateadaptationstrategyinthewater-scarce regions of Kenya.

Project activitiesThespecificprojectactivitiesare:• Increased clarity on socio-

economic conditions in thearea by the conducting of a

household baseline sur-vey for each of the counties.

• Promotionofimprovedliveli-hoodsandaccesstowaterbyconstructing 190 farm pondsof 50m3 in size. The pondswill be lined with ultra-vi-olet plastic lining to controlseepage, and roofed withshade net to prevent evapo-ration and contamination.

• Improvement of water useefficiency by installation of230-litre mini-tank drip irri-gation systems at each farmpond site. A hip pump fromKickstart International willalso be provided for pump-ing water from the pond.

• Establishment of 9,500 tum-bukiza (planting) pits togrow paw paw, mango, ba-nana, passion, and citrusfruits – in-situ soil moistureconservation technology.

• Market diversification inrainfed agriculture achievedthrough three main crops.

• Capacity building and train-ingonRHMandcomplemen-tary technologies for 4,750farmerstopromotelong-termsustainability of the projectsitesand technology transfer.

• Linkingof190farmergroupsto credit facilities at mi-crofinance institutions andbanks in order to promoteagri-business developmentand marketing of products.

• Monitoringandevaluationofproject work and dissemina-tion of relevant information.

USAID-KHCP Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization Project in Ukambani and Coast Regions of KenyaBy Patrick Warui, Technical Officer and Angelina Musembi, Technical Assistant, GHARP/KRA

Quote:

Tomatoes under drip irrigation system nearing maturity

“The way I see it, if you want the rainbow, you gotta put up with the rain.” Dolly Parton



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Project accomplishmentsDespite being in the early stagesof implementation, the projecthas already made some signifi-cantaccomplishmentsinMakueniand Coast Regions as follows:

Staff training and office set-up: AGHARP/KRA Technical OfficerandTechnicalAssistanthavebeenseconded to theproject for threeyears.Theywillworkon-sitewiththecommunitymembers,andes-tablish strong working relation-ships with other key stakehold-erssuchaslocalgovernmentandUSAID-KHCP staff. They havealready established a field officeand set it up with office equip-ment in order that they canper-form their roles effectively. Thetwostaffmembershavealsoun-dergoneacomprehensivetrainingand induction programme withUSAID-KHCPtoensuretheyarefull conversant on all aspects ofthe programme and its objec-tives and methods of working.

Community mobilization and sensitization: As of September2011, 31 of the 70 farmergroupsrequired for theMakueni countyphase of the project have beenestablished. The groups have al-ready undergone a sensitizationtraining programme and theyhave been formally and legallyestablished with a constitutiondrawn up. The remaining com-munitieshavebeenmobilizedandgroupidentificationandselectionis ongoing for the remaining 39.

Farm pond site preparation/exca-vation: Site selection and mark-ingoffarmpondsiteshasalreadybegunandexcavationofthe50m3farm ponds has been started attenestablishedcommunitybasedsites. Community members arebeing trained during the pro-cess and excavation is part ofthe community’s contribution.

Project impactsItisexpectedthatthisprojectwillgreatlyimprovethelivesandlive-lihoods of the 190 target farmergroups,aswellasthecommunityatlarge,inthefollowingmainways:

• Increased and improved ac-cesstoareliablewatersupplyavailableforagriculturaluse.

• Increasedwater-useefficiencyand crop diversification as aresultofmicro-irrigation sys-tems.

• Greater understanding ofsoilmoisture stress and howto avert this using tumbukizapits.

• Increased technical and con-structionknowledgeforfarm-ersandyouth.

• Close proximity to watersources which ensures thatwomen and children do nottrek long distances in searchofwater.

• Improved market access andcommercial market linkages,particularlyfortheyouthandwomen.

• Improved food security andenhanced income generationthrough the sale of vegeta-bles.

Forthcoming activitiesThe following are the forthcom-ing activities for year one ofthe project (Makueni county):• Completion of community

sensitization and group for-mation.

• Baseline socioeconomic sur-vey across the county of 20samplehouseholds.

• Communitycapacitybuildingandtraining.

• Continued site selection andexcavation of the 70 farmponds of 50m3, followed byconstructionwork.

• Installationof70dripsirriga-tion systems of 230-litre ca-pacity.

• Tumbuzikapitpreparationandplantingoffruits.

• Farmer field days (minimumof 20) in order to assist thewidercommunitytolearnthenewRHMtechnologies.

• Information documentation,dissemination,andexperiencesharing.


Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation is a water use efficient technology in which water is supplied to the plants root-zone drop-by-drop through emitters at predetermined spac-ing along a plastic tube. can help you use water efficiently. Drip irriga-tion reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruit. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the onset of diseases. Irri-gation scheduling can be managed precisely to meet crop demands, holding the promise of increased yield and quality.

A woman using a hip pump



IntroductionInAugust2011,KenyaRainwaterAssociation(KRA)decidedtotryoutanewandinnovativefundrais-ingtechniquebytakingpartintheGlobal Giving August fundrais-ing challenge.Thechallengewasa resounding success and KRAraised over $5,000 to help fundawater and sanitation project atMatuiku School, aswellas secur-ing a permanent spot on GlobalGiving’sfundraisingwebsite.ThisarticlechartstheprogressofKRAthrough the challenge and givesupdatesandplansfortheproject.

Global Giving and the August ChallengeGlobalGiving is an internationalonlinegivingplatformwhichac-cepts donations by debit andcreditcard.Theirsiteallowsnon-profit organisations to have ac-cess to their website and onlinefundraising space in return for aminimum fundraising target of$4,000.Thecatch–thefundsneedto be raised within the space ofonemonth!KRAbravelytookonthechallengeinAugust2011.Youcan access the fundraising pagehere: http://www.globalgiving.org/projects/water-and-sanita-tion-for-kenyan-school-children/

MatuikuPrimarySchoolGlobal Giving ask that organisa-tions focus their fundraising ef-forts on one particular project ifpossible as this encourages do-nor enthusiasmand also ensuresthatthefundsarespentinaclearand transparent manner. KRAdecided to focus their efforts onMatuiku Primary School in the

semi-arid Ndaragwa Division ofNyandarua North district in Ke-nya. The school had no accessto running water, poor sanita-tion, and the children attendingthe school come from very poorbackgrounds. Itwas felt that theschoolwouldbenefitgreatlyfroma rainwaterharvestingandman-agement (RHM) system, com-prising a water tank capable ofholding50,000litres,afarmpondalsoof50,000litrescapacity,anir-rigationsystemforgrowingveg-etables,newventilatedimprovedpit (VIP) latrines, tree plantingfor improving the water catch-ment, and capacity building andtrainingforthestudentsandstaff.

Kenyan-themeddinnerpartiesKRA began concerted efforts toalert supporters and potentialdonors to the challenge well inadvance of the August 1st startdate. Emails, letters, Facebookupdatesandwebsitearticleswereall used to motivate and inspiresupporters and explain the im-portance of the project for KRA.

One of the methods used to in-spire international enthusiasmand encourage people all overtheworld to thinkabout thewa-ter problems suffered in Kenya,was a series of Kenyan-themeddinnerparties.Thesepartiestookplaceinarangeofcountries,fromSingapore to France to England!

KRA provided detailed recipecards for four Kenyan dishes, aproject explanation to be readout at dinner, recommendationsfor Kenyan music, and a Kenyafactsquiz.Intotal,tendinnerpar-tieswere held and eachhost en-couragedfriendstodonatetothecause.TraditionalKenyandishessuch as Ndengu, Kachumbari, Pi-lau, andMukimowere all cookedand enjoyed! One imaginativehostevendecidedtoholdacake-bakingpartywith friendsdonat-ingtoKRAinreturnforacupofteaandadeliciouscakeor two...

KRA Wins Global Giving Challenge and Raises Funds for Matuiku School Water Project in Nyandarua County, Kenya By Katie Allan, Former KRA Information and Communications Officer

Traditional Kenyan dishes



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Tile and Carpet Centre and AAR Health Insurance pledge their supportHalf-way through the challenge,KRA received two unexpectedandverywelcomeoffers of sup-portfromtwoKenyanlocalbusi-nesses – Tile and Carpet CentreLtd. andAARHealth Insurance.

TileandCarpetCentreofferedtodonatea10,000-litreplasticwatertank(branded‘TopTank’) to theschool!Withindaysof thedona-tion pledge, KRA had accompa-niedstafftotheschoolanditwaspresented to the Headmaster,Mr. Ndegwa, and the students.The enthusiasm was very cleartoseeandtheheadmasterprom-ised to work with the parentsandthecommunity to install thetankandfixittotheroofforrain-water collection. The tank willsupplement the 50,000-litre tankplannedbyKRAandallowevenmore space for water storage.

AAR Health Insurance alsostepped forward and pledgedto support KRA with the tree-planting aspect of the project. Inaddition theywill set-up a com-prehensive de-worming schemeat theschool inabidto improvethe general health of the chil-dren.AARwilltakeoverthetree-plantingcomponentandproposeto bring the first batch of seed-lingstotheschoolinMarch2012.

SuccessforKRAOnthe1stSeptember2011,KRAreceivedthehappynewsthattheirGlobalGivingchallengehadbeensuccessful and they had raisedover$4,720from87differentdo-nations!Sincethen,furtherdona-tionshavecomein,takingthetotalso far to $5,131. The fundraisingsuccesswill have a great impacton the 137 children of MatuikuSchool in the following ways:

• Providecleanandsafesanita-tion for the children throughthe provision ofVIP latrines.

• Supportnutritionforthechil-drenthroughtheprovisionofafarmpondanddripirrigationsystemforgrowingvegetables.

• Provide much-needed waterfor drinking and hand-wash-ingwithalargewatertankand

roof-water harvesting system– allowing the school to staywater-securethroughoutperi-odsoflowrainfallordrought.

• Improve the water catch-ment and the soil mois-ture content with the pro-vision of tree-seedlings.

• Protect thehealthof thechil-drenwitharegularde-worm-ingprogrammeinpartnershipwith AA Health Insurance.

FutureplansKRAplanstocommencethewa-terprojectinMarch2012andwillsituate an experienced techni-calassistantatMatuikuSchooltomanage project implementation.The project will start with theconstructionoftheschoollatrinesas this is the areamost in need.Fundspermitting,theimplemen-tationwillthenmoveontotheoth-er project components. The tree-plantingwillalsostart inMarch.

Thefullprojectcostwasestimat-edatjustover$17,000.KRAisstillseeking furtherdonors andpart-ners to work together to covertheremainingcostforfullprojectimplementation. If you feel youwould like to support then youcandonateonlineviaGlobalGiv-ingusingthis link:http://www.gharainwater.org/gg-challenge/or if you wish to discuss a pos-siblepartnershipthencontacttheoffice on [email protected].

KRAwould like to thankallourgenerous supporters for theirdonations and also to thankTileandCarpetCentreLtd.andAARHealthInsurancefortheirongoingsupport. Without you we couldnot have achieved so much intermsoffundraisingfortheschool.

Kenyan themed party



IntroductionSince August 2010, Kenya Rain-waterAssociation(KRA)inpart-nership with New Life Mission(NLM)–a faithbasedNGO,hasbeen implementing a project en-titled: ‘Improved Food Security – Child, and Gender based Rights in Mashuru District, Kajiado County.’ The project mainly focuses onpromoting rainwater harvestingandmanagement (RHM), inpar-ticularfarmpondsformicro-irri-gation,targetingover7,000directbeneficiariesincluding20schools.TheprojectisfundedbySwedishdevelopmentpartner,Eriksjhalpen,throughNLM,andwillbeimple-mented over a period of threeyearswith the aimof improvinganddiversifyingthelivelihoodsofthevulnerableMaasai community.

The life of the Maasai people inMashuru is extremely difficultdue to harsh ecological condi-tionsandlimitedopportunitiestodevelop sustainable livelihoods.Frequent droughts related to cli-matechange,afragileecosystem,and unsustainable economic ac-tivities (e.g. charcoalproduction)haveledtolanddegradationandlowproductivity.Inadequatewa-terandfodderforlivestockforcesmen and boys to migrate withtheir animals in search of waterandpasture.Theensuingpovertyintheareaencourageshighratesof school dropouts and forcedearlymarriagesforgirls(inanef-forttosecurethebrideprice–asa means of restocking diminish-ing livestock). The joint projectaims to achieve the following

outcomes in Mashuru: improvedfood security and nutrition; in-creased access to clean water;environmental conservation; im-proved gender and child rights;increased access to care, educa-tion, and training; and increasedcommunity capacity to manageand sustain project activities.KRA’sroleistoimplementRHMsystemsandcomplementarytech-nologiestohelpNLMachieveitsgoal.Thisarticlehighlightswhathas been accomplished so far,including some project impacts,and the forthcoming activities.

Project activitiesThespecificprojectactivitiesare:• Improvementofwateraccess

and use at 20 schools by re-pairinggutteringsystemsandinstalling 20 tanks of 10,000litres for drinking water.

• Promotion of improved live-lihoods by constructing 20community farm ponds of72m3, lined with ultra-violetplastic lining to control seep-age, and roofed with ironsheets to control evaporation

• and reduce risk of drown-ing and to supply waterfor establishment of tree/vegetable seedlings andkitchen gardens includingfencing to prevent damageby livestock and wildlife.

• Construction of 20 farmponds of 72m3 with 20 dripirrigation systems (230-litreskits) at each school to sup-ply water for tree seedlingsproduction, tree planting,and vegetable production.

• Establishment of 120 veg-etable gardens with 50-litresdrip irrigation systems and20 drip irrigation systems(230-litrekits)forcommunity-based organisations (CBOs),as well as 0.6 and 0.5 acredrip irrigation systems forthe NLM community centreand one CBO respectively.

• Introduction of draught ani-mal technologies (DAT) forferrying water, rangelandimprovement, and tillage.

• Diversification of livelihoodssystemsthroughpromotionofincome-generation activities

KRA/New Life Mission Project on Improving Water and Food Security in Mashuru District, Kajiado County By Nichodemus Munyao, Technical Assistant, GHARP/KRA

KRA’s Technical Assistant, Nicodemus Munyao with rippen tomatoes



9

such as vegetable gardens,youth enterprises (assistingwithDAT),andestablishmentoftreeandvegetableseedlingsadjacent to water sources.

• Construction of 12 shallowwellslinedandinstalledwithan Afridev hand pump foreasy access to clean water.

• Capacity building throughawarenesscreationandtrain-ing on all the project tech-nologies; the running ofcommercial tree/vegetablenurseries; child nutrition;and the importance of en-vironmental conservation.

• Promotion of child and gen-derrights.

ProjectaccomplishmentsThe following are some of themain accomplishments so far:

Projectlaunchandplanningworkshop:A project launching and plan-ningworkshopwasheldon18thMarch 2011 for stakeholders,KRA,NLM,localadministration,village elders, and communitymembers. Participants sharedexperiences, opinions, and chal-lenges on life inMashuru whichwere then incorporated into theproject. Project implementationplans were developed to guidethe process and a project man-agement committee was electedtoworktogetherwiththeprojectstaff during the implementation.Theformationofsuchacommit-teeensuresthatthetargetcommu-nityunderstands theproject andits benefits in order to enhancemanagement and sustainability.

Constructionoffarmponds:The project aims to construct 20farmponds in 20 schools. So farsix ponds have been completed

atElkidemi (72m3),Odarpoi,Olete-pesi (50m3),Marwa (72m3), Iltum-bule (72m3)andOlmaiyana (72m3)PrimarySchools.Oncethepondscollect water they will assist theschool by supplying water forthe school feeding programme,drip irrigation system, drinking,hand-washing, and cleaning ofclassrooms.in a bid to improvewater accessibility for drink-ing and cooking, three 10,000-litre roof water tanks have beenpurchased and delivered to theNLM centre inMashuru, An ad-ditional17tankswillalsobepro-curedanddistilledintheschools

Micro-irrigation and establish-ment of vegetable gardens:Six 230-litre mini-tank kits, five50-litre jerrican kits, and two2,300-litresystemsfor0.5and0.6acres have been procured anddeliveredtotheNLMfieldofficeinMashuru.Demonstrationtrain-ing on micro-irrigation systemshasbeendoneinnineindividualcommunitymembers’ farms andschools targeting teachers, par-ents, community members, andschool children. These include a1000-litre tank, six 230-litremini

tanks, and two 50-litre jerricankits. Rehabilitation of previouslyinstalled systems has also beendone at Elkidemi, Eselengei, andOletepesiPrimarySchools,aswellas at Enyuata Self-help Group.The training component focusedon: installation; operation andmaintenance; and irrigation wa-termanagement (useofasimpleportable handpump and dripsystem). The micro-irrigationsystems will use water harvest-edinthefarmponds,whichwillbepumpedusing a simplehandpump–hip-pumpfromKickstartInternationalInc.However,watercanalsobe ferriedusingdonkeycarts fromexistingshallowwellsincaseofpoorrains.Thisprojectcomponentwillensurevegetableproduction and hence improvenutritionandhealthinthetargetschoolsandcommunities,besidesincome generation. The vegeta-ble gardenswill also be used asdemonstration sites for promot-ingdiversifiedlivelihoodsystemsamong the entire community.

Establishment of tree/vegetable nurseries and planting: A key part of the project is theestablishment of tree/vegetable

Tomatoes under drip irrigation in Mashuru



seedlingnurseriesforpromotingimproved livelihoods and nutri-tion. Vegetable seedling nurser-ieshavenowbeenestablishedattheNLMCentreandtheAng’apeWomen’sGroupsites.Thesesiteswill thenbecultivatedtosupplyothergardenswithseedlings.Veg-etablessuchastomatoes,spinach,cabbages, and onions have beenincluded inorder to supplementthe local/traditional vegetablesandforintegrationintotheschoolfeedingprogramme.Atreenurs-ery has also been established atthe NLM Centre and drought-resistant tree species, plus someothertreeschosenbythecommu-nity, are being cultivated there.Different species of grafted fruitseedlings(oranges,mangoesandthreeotherexotic tree seedlings)havebeenplantedinthreeschoolsElkidemi, Oletepesi, and Oldarpoiaround the fenced areas of thefarmponds,andwateringisbeingdoneregularlythankstoaplenti-ful supply in the nearby ponds.

Community capacity building and DAT training: Throughout theproject, ongoingcommunitycapacitybuildingandtrainingisessentialtoensurethatcommunity members are keep-ing their skills and knowledgeup-to-dateandare learninghowto use the new technologies indripirrigation,treeplanting,andimprovedfarmingmethods.Onerecentexampleofthisistrainingon draught animal technology(DAT). DAT is a practical andlow-costmethodof landcultiva-tion using animal-drawn equip-ment. A week-long workshopwasheldinJune2011foraselectgroup, designed as ‘training oftrainers’ (TOT). The participantswere drawn from each locationand each person is expected to

transfertheskillsandknowledgegained, to the larger Mashurucommunity as theywere treatedas Trainers of Trainers (ToTs).Practical demonstrations usingdonkeyswerecombinedwiththe-orytogiveafullycomprehensivetraining course. Topics coveredincluded:AnimalTractioninKe-nya;Animal Selection,Age Esti-mates,Training,andHarnessing:AnimalNeeds,RestrainingTech-niques,Commands,andGuidingPrinciples;MouldBoardPloughs,Adjustments,andFieldMarking;Cultivators, Planters Utilisation,Stripping and Adjustment, andCareandMaintenance;Harrows,Ridgers, and Dam Scoop; andConservationTillage andEquip-ment. Feedback from the eventhas been very positive and theparticipants really appreciatedand embraced the opportunityto learn these technologies. Theuseofthedonkeyisnotcommonpractice in Maasai communitiesandsotheparticipantswereveryinterestedtolearnhowtheycouldbeutilisedforagriculturalwork.

Project impactsIt is expected that the projectwill greatly improve the livesof the Mashuru community

in the following ways:• Increased access to safe

and clean drinking water.• Increased access to reli-

able water supply for veg-etable production forcommunity and schools.

• Improved water manage-ment for vegetable produc-tion under micro-irrigation.

• Improved food security andenhanced income generationthroughthesaleofvegetables.

• Improvedrangelandandfod-der availability and hencesurvivaloflactatingcowsleftbehindwhen themainherdsmigrate during droughts.

• Diversified livelihood sys-tems–employmentopportu-nities for youth andwomen,andincomegeneration–veg-etableproduction,watersup-ply,fodderproduction,seed-ling production, tillage, etc.

• Increased awareness ofgender and child rights.

Mr.AndrewMooke,HeadTeach-eratOldarpoiPrimarySchoolpro-vided positive feedback on thefarm pond and micro-irrigationsysteminstalledathisschool.Heexplainedthatintheprevioussea-son,vegetablesworthKsh.6,000

Donkey being trained on pulling cart



11

fromtheschoolgardenwereusedto supplement the school feed-ingprogrammeforatotaloftwomonths.Headded that tomatoesproducedweregiven to thepar-ents and pupils in appreciationof their efforts in terms of man-aging the operation and main-tenance of the farm pond andirrigation system. He expressedhigh hopes for continuing goodyields from the farm pond, andpotential income from the veg-etablesgrown.Thispositive atti-tudeseemstobereflectedacrossall the beneficiaries who haveso far benefitted from a pond.The project activities in the areahave also attracted interestedexternal groups who are keento learn from the work of KRA.

OneexampleistheNgongOrgan-icFarmers,agroupthatworkstopromotes adoption of environ-mentalfriendly-farmingmethods.

ThisgroupinvitedNLMandKRAtogetherwithprojectbeneficiariestoanopenfielddaywherefarm-ers interact and learnnew ideas.

Forthcoming activitiesThe following are some ofthe forthcoming activities:• Construction of the remain-

ing17farmponds(72m³)andinstallation of 20 (230-litres)and 120 (50-litres) drip irri-gation systems for vegetablegardens.

• Construction of 12 shallowwells

• Continued environmentalconservation and manage-ment with establishment ofmore tree seedling nurser-ies, and rangelands improve-ment.

• Repairingof20schoolgutter-ingsystems

• Communitycapacitybuildingthroughtraining.


• Information documentationanddissemination.

• Sensitisation workshops ongenderandchildrights.

ConclusionThe project is still in the earlystages, but notable progress hasbeenmadedespitelogisticalchal-lengesrelatedtositeaccessibility;community apathy; inadequate

community constructionskills; and high procure-ment and transportation costs.

Nevertheless, the preliminaryimpactsoftheprojectareencour-aging and the local communityis getting interested, which is apositive indication that theywillembrace the project. It is envis-agedthattheprojectwillbecom-pletedwithinthetargetedperiod,andbringtheanticipatedbenefitsto the community. The projectwilldemonstratethatappropriateRHMsystemsandcomplementa-rytechnologiescanimprovefoodsecurityandthelivelihoodsofthepredominantly pastoral Maasai communitybydiversifyingsourc-es of income and improving theenvironment. Targeting schoolsasdemonstration sites hasmanyadvantagessincemostpeoplevis-ittheschoolsandschoolchildrenare agents of change. Thepupilsalso benefit directly through im-provednutrition.

A Youthful farmer harvesting tomatoes in Mashuru

Draught Animal Tech-nologies (DAT)

Draught animal technolo-gies (DAT) utilise domes-tic animals to improve ag-ricultural productivity by assisting in crop produc-tion, environmental con-servation, and rangeland rehabilitation (ploughing, harrowing, and de-silt-ing) by drawing appropri-ate equipment. Animals can also save households time and effort by carry-ing water and fuel wood.



IntroductionUganda Rainwater Association(URWA)hasformanyyearsbeenpromoting domestic rainwaterharvesting (RWH) by providingcapacitybuildingforRWHinterestgroups;technicalsupporttoRWHpractitioners;anddocumentationofRWHbestpracticesforup-scal-ingandadoptionbystakeholders.Thisarticlewillfocusontheworkof Uganda Rainwater Associa-tion(URWA)incapacitybuildingto empower the communities ofRakai district inUganda and as-sistthemtoefficientlyuserainwa-terforagriculturalpurposesinor-dertoimprovetheirfoodsecurity.

BackgroundRakai district is located in theSouth-westernregionofUganda.Themain cash activity is subsis-tenceagriculture.Theareaisoneof worst affected by the HIV/AIDSpandemicandhasoneofthehighest percentages of orphansper household in the country.Rakai is one of the districts inUganda with minimal naturalwater sources. People used towalk long distances for waterhaulinginsearchofsafedrinkingwater.Rainwaterharvestingwaspracticed on a low scale, andmore so, it was informal sinceno systems were put up specifi-cally for collection of rainwater.Household utensils were usedfor harvesting the rainwater.

It is against such a backgroundthat URWA intervened with anaimofreducingwaterstressinthedisabled(AIDS/HIV/TB)House-

holds by providing them withroofwaterharvestingsystems,en-ablingthemtoobtainwaterwith-out walking for long distances.Themain objective is to providesafedrinkingwatertothepeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS, those af-fected by HIV/AIDS and TB.

With funding from the WorldBank under the ‘DevelopmentMarketplace, URWA is able toequip orphans andwomen com-munitybasedorganizationswithconstructionskillsforpurposesofup scaling rainwater harvesting.URWA introduced Rainwaterharvesting as the best option forprovisionofsafewaterathouse-hold level and different tech-nologies used for collecting andstoring rainwater from rooftops.

Thetargetgroupswillbetakenforanexposurevisittoanothercom-munitywhoarepromotingRWHforirrigationandproduction.Thevisitwillhelpinspireandmotivatethegroupstodecideiftheywantto adoptutilisation ofRWHandirrigation for improved agricul-tural productivity.URWAhopesthatoncetheprojecttakesoffandlow-costirrigationtechniquesaredeveloped, there will be an en-hancement inwater use efficien-cy,increasedsustainabilityofwa-terresourceutilisation, increasedagriculturalproductionandfarmincome,andhenceempowermentof Rakai community members.

CommunitytrainingAfter the training, the masonsembarked on the construction of

therainwaterharvestingsystemsfirst for their group membersandlaterscaleduptoothercom-munity members. URWA alsotrained the groups in softwareaspects of community mobiliza-tion,generalhygieneandsanita-tion issues and leadership skills.

Asaresultofacquisitionofsuchaskill,thesegroupshavebecomemodels to otherdistricts and ex-changevisitsmadeforexperienceandknowledgesharing.Acaseinpoint is BuyangaWomen groupfrom Kabale district. They werefacilitatedbyKigeziDioceseWa-terandSanitationProgramme tohave an exposure visit to Rakai.The Rakai women group latertrained this team in constructiontoo. Other women groups be-came products of this training.Conclusion: Capacity building is the wayto go for purposes of up scal-ing promotion of rainwater har-vesting and accelerating selfsupply in our communities.

For more information contact: Ki-kundwa A. Birungi, Uganda Rain-water Association (URWA), email: [email protected] or visit our website: www.gharainwater.org

GHARP/URWA UPDATESCapacity Building of Community Artisans for Scaling up Rainwater Harvesting in Rakai

District, Uganda

By Kikundwa A. Birungi, Uganda Rainwater Association(URWA)

A completed tank by Rakai women group



13

AppointmentsTechnicalOfficerEU/Skillshare/GHARP/KRAProjects

Mr.AlbertGatutawasemployed as theTechnical OfficerEC - S k i l l s h a r e /GHARP-KRA witheffect fromOctober2011.Hestartedhis

roleon1stOctober2011.Mr.Gat-utaholdsaB.Sc.DegreeinWaterand Environmental Engineeringfrom Egerton University. AsTechnicalOfficer,Mr.Gatutawilloversee the implementation ofEU/Skillshare projects throughthe supervision of the technicalassistants based at the projectsites. He will also manage thework of the technical assistantsworkingonallotherprojectsandprovidetechnicalguidance.

Technical Assistant EU/Skillshare-GHARP/KRAProject

Mr. Paul Ng’ang’awasemployedtheTechnical Assis-tant for EC-S k i l l s h a r e /G H A R P - K R AProjectwitheffect

from 1st October 2011. Mr.Ng’ang’aholdsaB.Sc.DegreeinEnvironmental and BiosystemsEngineering (Agricultural Engi-neering) from Jomo KenyattaUniversity of Agriculture andTechnology(JKUAT).AsTechni-cal Assistant, Mr. Ng’ang’a willassist in the implementation ofthe EC/Skillshare GHAPRP/KRAprojectthroughthesupervi-sionofconstructionworks;provi-sion of technical assistance toCommunityBasedOrganizations(CBOs); monitoring contractors,

coordinating community mobili-zationandtrainingonprojectac-tivities; information documenta-tion and dissemination to localstakeholders;logisticalsupporttotheTechnicalOfficerandco-ordi-nationoffieldwork;preparationandpresentationoffieldprogressreports.

Technical Assistant EU/Skillshare-GHARP/KRAProject

Mr. JosephMwaurawas employed asthe Technical As-sistant for EC-S k i l l s h a r e /G H A R P - K R AProjectwitheffect

from 1st December 2011. Mr.Mwaura holds a B.Sc. Degree inEnvironmental and BiosystemsEngineering (Agricultural Engi-neering) from Jomo KenyattaUniversity of Agriculture andTechnology(JKUAT).AsTechni-calAssistant,Mr.Mwaurawillas-sistintheimplementationoftheEC/Skillshare GHAPRP/KRAprojectthroughthesupervisionofconstructionworks; provision oftechnicalassistancetoCommuni-ty Based Organizations (CBOs);monitoring contractors, coordi-nating community mobilizationandtrainingonprojectactivities;information documentation anddissemination to local stakehold-ers;logisticalsupporttotheTech-nicalOfficerandco-ordinationoffieldwork; preparation and pre-sentationoffieldprogressreports;representingKRAinfieldprojectmeetings;andresourcemobiliza-tionandfundraising.

Programmes Officer- GHARP/KRAProjectsMsJoyceNjiguawasemployedas

a Programmes Officer EC-Skillshare/GHARP-KRA projects basedon eight semi-ariddistricts of Kenya.Ms.NjiguaholdsanM.Sc. in IntegratedWater Resources

Management(I.W.R.M.)fromtheUniversity of Zimbabwe, a postGraduate Diploma in AppliedHydrology and Water Informa-tion from the University of Nai-robiB.Ed.DegreeinArts.AstheProgramOfficer,Ms.Njiguawilloversee the implementation ofprojects, management and ad-ministration prepare projectsprogress reports for various de-velopmentspartnersandofferad-visoryservicesonadministration.

Accountant GHARP/KRA Proj-ects

Mr. Torgoti Kiplan-gat Gilbert wasemployed as anAccountant forUnitedStatesAidAgency for inter-nationalDevelop-

ment (USAID)/Kenya Horticul-tural Competitiveness Pro-gramme (KHCP) project in theEasternandCoastregionsofKe-nya. Mr. Torgoti has completedCPA part 1 (sec1&2) and CPApart2(sec3&4).Mr.Torgotiwilloversee financial managementand accounting of the GHARP/KRA projects, prepare financialreportsfordevelopmentpartners,beincustodyandmaintenanceofaccountingandfinancialmanage-ment systems, assist in resourcemobilizationandfundraisingandassist in budgeting andprocure-ment of office equipment andsupplies.

SECRETARIAT NEWS



IntroductionIn 2005, The International Rain-water Harvesting Alliance(IRHA) created the Blue SchoolsProgramme; this programmeworks towards the personal de-velopmentofchildrenbyincreas-ingtheiraccesstocleandrinkingwater through harvesting therain.Since2006,ithasbeenimple-menting this programme in sev-eral countries and has improvedthelivesofthousandsofchildren.

BackgroundIn 2009, The International Rain-water Harvesting Alliance(IRHA) started Blue Schoolsin Anwiankwanta, Ghana. Thisproject took place in Anwiank-wanta SDA Primary School andAnwiankwanta Orphanage, lo-cated in the Ashanti Region ofGhana, and affected over 660children and 28 staff members.

Why IRHA’s Intervention?Beforetheproject,theschoolhadno access towater. The childrenhad to get water from the townor,whenthisranout,theywouldeitherwalk longdistances togetsome or go without water forthe whole day. There were alsono toilets in the school,with thechildren often defecating openlyin the neighbourhood, result-ing in severehygieneandhealthproblems. This lack of sanita-tion lead to poor attendancerates, particularly with girls.

The IRHA, with its local part-ners Save our Lives Ghana(SOL-GH) and Rural Women

and Deprived Children’s Pro-gramme (RUWADCP), decidedtowork in these two institutionsto improve the living andwork-ing conditions of the children.

Project ComponentsThefirststepwastocreateaPACTCommittee in the school. PACT(Parents – Authorities – Chil-dren–Teachers)CommitteesareavitalpartofalltheBlueSchoolprojects; responsible for main-taining thenew facilities and forstrengthening the managementcapacity of the local population.

Once the PACT Committee wasin place, it was time to start theconstructionwork. To provide asustainable supply of clean wa-ter, three45,000 litrewater tankswerebuilt in frontof the school,collecting the rainwater that fellon the roof of the school build-ing.Toimprovethesanitationoftheschool,newtoiletblockswithdouble VIP latrines were built.Thenewblockswereseparateforboys and girls, and for teachers.Small tanks collecting rainwaterfalling on the toilet blocks couldprovidewaterforwashinghands.To complement the improvedaccess to water and sanita-tion, a vegetable and orchardgarden were created and theschool grounds were reforested.

Last, but not least, the childrenweregivenlessonsonhealthandhygiene, plantation and gardenmaintenance;environmentalpro-tection; andpeace and tolerance.Thiseducationisvitalforimprov-

ingtheconsciousnessofthechil-dren, leading them to grow upmoreawareoftheirenvironmentand the people around them.

Project ImpactsAlmost two years on, the schooland surrounding area are seeingthe benefits: children arrive ontimeandareabletostayinclassfor the full school day, and thenew toiletsmean they no longerdefecate outside. Over a thou-sand trees have been planted,and the children look forwardto soon being able to harvestfruits from them. Finally, thechildrenandtheirparentsarein-volvedinthedevelopmentoftheschool,andthewholecommunityfeels like they own the project!

“We are grateful for this project, it has come at the right time. Because we were defecating all around and now there is a toilet for us. We were also bring-ing water from our homes to drink in school, now there is water at our door step. We are so much grateful to the organization that has provided them.”Eric Kwusi, school prefect

ConclusionTheBlueSchoolsProgrammeisex-panding,andwearenowworkingonsevenBlueSchoolsinfourcoun-triesandareintheplanningstag-esfor18more,whichwillgetun-derwayintheupcomingmonths.

For more information on Blue Schools Programme, please visit our website: http://www.irha-h20.org/?page_id=30

STAKEHOLDERS’ NEWSPromoting Use of Rainwater Harvesting to Improve Access to Water and Sanitation, Blue

Schools Program in Anwiankwanta, Ghana

By Hannah Price, Communication Officer, International Rainwater Harvesting Alliance (IRHA)



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IntroductionKenyaRainwaterAssociationhasdeveloped, throughresearchandpiloting, an integrated techno-logical promotion packages fordifferenttargetgroupsintheAridandSemi-AridLands(ASAL)En-vironments ofKenya (see Figure1). The threemain target groupsare pastoral communities, agro-

pastoralcommunities(smallhold-er farmers), andprimary schools(whicharetargetedasdemonstra-tionsitestoinfluencechildrenaschangeagents),whichhavediffer-entcomponentsofthetechnologi-cal promotion package based onthe livelihood systems and chal-lenges.Theprimaryschoolspack-ageisusuallyanintegralcompo-

nent of the other two packages,but it can also be implementedindependently. We will serializethe three technological promo-tion packages in our next issuesofMvuaNewsletterstartingwithourschool-basedinterventionsinthisissue.

Rainwater Harvesting & Management Systems and Complementary Technologies for Different Target Groups in ASAL Environments: Integrated Technological Promotion Packages

Figure 1: Components of different technological promotion packages

The following are the components of the technological package for schools-based projects that KRA has piloted in 20 primary schools in 10 counties of Kenya.

By Dr. Stephen Ngigi, Programmes Coordinator, GHARP/KRA Secretariat

FEATURE ARTICLE



OverviewWater supply and sanitation inmostruralschoolsareinadequateandsometimesdonotexistatall.Inmostcases,schoolchildrenhaveliterallynosourceofwaterwithintheir vicinity, and poor sanita-tionandhygieneisanormratherthan exception. Drinking wateris brought by pupils from dis-tancesources,whicharenormallyunprotected/untreated. Pupilsalsofetchwaterforcookingtheirlunch-school meal programme,for their resident teachers, anddusting-offtheirclassrooms(mostclasses have uncemented/mudfloors). This means that pupilsspendsignificantamountoftheirlearningtimetofetchwater.

Besides water scarcity, poorsanitary facilities aggravate thelearning conditions in most ru-ralschools.Existingtoiletsare inpoor condition and rarely sepa-rate blocks for boys and girls,whichdeprivegirls(especiallyad-olescentgirls)theirprivacy.Poorsanitation and hygiene practicesareamajorcauseofwaterbornediseases(suchasdiarrhea)relatedtocontaminationandhencepoorhealth, especially among youngchildren.Asaresult,schoolatten-danceandretentionofchildrenislow, and hence the poor perfor-manceleadingtomarginalizationduetolowacademicgrades.

Poor diet and nutrition is also amajor concern in rural schools,evenwhere thegovernmentpro-vides lunch through the schoolfeeding programme, the diet isnotbalancedas itmainlyconsistof boiledmaize and beans. Im-provedwater supply, sanitation,hygiene and nutrition are unfor-tunately not prioritized withinlimited school budgetary alloca-

tion.Moreover,communitydevel-opment projects rarely integrateschools’watersupply,sanitation,hygiene and nutrition. To ad-dressenvironmentaldegradationandeffectsofclimatechange,ourschools’projectalsointegrateses-tablishmentoftreeseedlingnurs-eriesandtreeplantingwhichalsotargetthepupilsaschangeagentsamong rural communities. Thisleavestheresponsibilityofensur-ingaccesstosafedrinkingwater,goodsanitationandhygieneandimproved nutrition to the poorparents,whoseeffortsarelimitedby financial resources especiallyinsemi-ariddistricts.ItisagainstthisbackgroundthatKenyaRain-water Association (KRA) wascompelled to integrate a schoolWASHandnutrition componentin community-based projects inwaterscarcedistrictsofKenya.

ProjectComponentsThe main components are: con-struction of a 50m3 rainwaterstorage tank; installation of gut-tersincludingafoul-flashsystem;construction of gender sensitivesanitary (VIP and/or ecosan) fa-cilities (separate for boys andgirls, and teachers); constructionofa72m3 farmpond– truncatedpyramid shaped undergroundtanklinedwithultra-violetresis-tantplastictocontrolseepageandroofedwithironsheetstocontrolevaporationandreducecontami-nation and risk of children andanimalsdrowning;establishmentofschoolvegetablegardenunderlow-head drip irrigation; estab-lishmentoftreeseedlingnurseryand tree planting (greening theschool initiative); and capacitybuilding – training on operationand maintenance (O&M), proj-ectmanagement,health,hygieneand environmental conserva-

tion. Demonstration trainingapproach—creating awarenessthrough exposure—will be usedduringconstructionworksfordif-ferentcomponents.

The project is implemented byKRA in collaboration with theParent and Teacher Association(PTA) of the selected PrimarySchools. KRA provides all thetechnical support and backstop-ping needed in collaboration thePTA during project implementa-tion.KRAhasqualifiedTechnicalAssistants,whowillbeinchargeof monitoring and supervisionof construction work to ensurequality control and adherence toengineeringdesign.Procurementofmaterialisdonebejointlydoneby PTA and KRA Technical As-sistants.KRANairobi-basedteamalso undertakes regularly fieldmonitoring visits to offer techni-calsupport.

Construction of 50m3 rainwater storage tankSchool buildings provide perfectroof catchment systems for rain-waterharvesting.Themaincom-ponents are water storage tankand guttering systems. Waterfrom roof catchment systems ismainly used for drinking,wash-ing hands, and cleaning class-rooms. The storage tank can beconstructed using locally avail-abledressedquarrystones,bricksorconcreteblocks.Thetankfoundationisadequate-ly reinforced with steel bars orwiremesh, withmore reinforce-ment required on unstable soilse.g.blackcottonsoils–whichalsorequires removing the unstablesoil and starting the foundationon sandy ormurram soil under-neathit.Thegutteringsystemwillincludeafoul-flashdevicetopre-

December 2011



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ventthefirstcontaminatedwaterfromentering the tank.Thiswillincrease water supply and im-prove access to quality drinkingwater forschoolchildrenaswellas the resident teachers in eachschool.Topromoteadoptionandscalingupofroofcatchmentsys-tems,localartisansaretrainedonconstruction of rainwater tanksandrelatedcomponents(e.g.gut-tering systems, water draw offandhand-washingfacility).

Construction of improved sani-tary facilitiesThis component includes con-struction of gender-sensitivesanitaryfacilities (especiallyven-tilated improved pit (VIP) and/or ecological sanitation (ecosan)latrines)-separateblocksforboysandgirls,andteachers).Thenumberofunitsforeachgen-derdependsonthepupils:latrineratio(i.e.30boysperunitand25girlsperunit)aspergovernmentpolicy.Onunstablesoils,liningisprovided from thebottomof thepit,whereonstablesoilsliningisnotrequiredandthelatrinewallsare supported by the concreteslab – which also include provi-sions for ventilation pipes anddrop holes. Ecological sanitationisagoodalternativetoventilatedimprovedpit(VIP)

latrines in areas where there ishardsubsurfacerock,ahighwa-tertableorcollapsingsoils(blackcotton soil) as no pit is needed.The outputs from ecosan toiletsarehygienicallysafe-thecompost(organic) fertilizerremovedfromthefaeceschamberafteracertainperiodoftimehasverylittlesmell.Theby-productsofecosan(urineand decomposed faeces) will beusedasorganicfertilizer

for the school tree nurseries, es-tablishmentoftreeseedlingand/or vegetable gardens. However,correct usage of ecosan requiresadequate training. Constructionofimprovedsanitaryfacilitiesre-quiresadequateskillsandtrainedlocalartisansareused.Theschoolcommunities normally providelocally available materials andmanuallabourfordigging,whileKRAprovidetechnicalskillsandfinancial resources forothercon-structionmaterial and skilled la-bour.

Construction of farm pond for micro-irrigationA typical ground catchment sys-tem includes a catchment area,diversion/conveyance channel(earthen bunds), silt trap/sedi-mentation chamber (for restrain-ingsediments)andstoragereser-voir.The catchment area consists ofopen surface (school compoundorexternalcatchment) forgener-atingrunoff,andtherunoffstor-agestructureisafarmpond/un-derground tank (50m3 or 72m3).Thefarmpondislinedwithultraviolet resistant plastic (from A-PlusLtd.)



to control seepage and roofedwithironsheetstopreventevapo-ration, minimize contaminationandrisksofchildrenandanimalsdrowning. Farm ponds collectand store run-off from groundcatchmentwhichcanbeusedformicro-irrigation for vegetablegardens,supplyingwaterforlive-stockamongotheruses.

The following are the steps that taken to complete this compo-nent:

Layout of the farm pond for exca-vation:-Thesitingandmeasure-mentsofa72m3farmpondsaredonewiththetopdimensionsbeing10mlongby6mwideandthebottomdimensions6mlongby2mwide.Theslopesoftheedgeswereatanangleof45º.The50m3farmpondhas8minsteadof10mtoplengthand4mbottomlength–allotherdimensionsarethesame.

Excavation of the pit: - Theexca-vationlabourisnormallycontrib-utedbytheschoolcommunity.

Side slope smoothening: -Thesideslopesaresmoothenedprop-erlysoastoallowtheliningma-terialfitproperlyandalsoensurethattherewerenosharpobjectsthatcouldpuncturetheliningmaterial.

Lining of the ultra-violet plastic lining - liningof the farmpondsis then done after which a onecoursemasonrywallisconstruct-edaroundthefarmpondtoholdtheliningmaterialontheground.Themasonrywallcan be built of dressed stones,bricksorconcreteblocks.

Roofing of the farm ponds - Roof-ingofthefarmpondaredonebytheuseof the ironsheets topre-ventevaporationand drowning of children andsmall animals. Water from theroofs is collected using guttersand down pipes and directed tothe silt trap so as to increase theharvested volume of water. Asmall door is also included intheroofdesignsoastoallowforcleaning andmaintenance of thestructure and also to enable thesettingupofthesuctionpipesforthehandpumpsthatareinstalledineachpondtopumpwatertoavegetablegarden.

Establishment of school veg-etable gardensKRA in partnership with WAR-EMConsultants Ltd. – a privateenterprise – has been promotinglow-costlow-headdripirrigation

kitsasacomplementarytechnol-ogyforRainwaterHarvestingandManagement(RHM)systems.TheWAREM drip systems “Dream Drip Kit” are tailor-made to suitdifferent clients’ preferences/specificationsandlandlayout.

TheWAREMdrip irrigationsys-temsareuser-friendlyintermsofcost-effectiveness,operationandmaintenance,andcanberepairedsincetheyareassembledfromlo-cally available components. Theschool-based component adoptsthe 230-litre mini-tank system,which consists of 16-20 lateralsof 15m long, coveringanareaof250m2, and 1,000 plants spacedat30cmalongthedrip line. Thedripirrigationsystemsupplywa-ter twiceaday– in themorningandintheevening–whenevapo-rationlossesareminimal.Thewa-ter is lifted using a simple handpump–HipPumpfromKictStartInc–whichisanintegralpartofthemicro-irrigationsystem. Dif-ferent vegetable species such astomatoes,kale,spinach,cabbages,carrotsandonionsareconsideredto supplement any local/tradi-tionalvegetablesandforintegra-tion into the school feeding pro-gramme–toboostnutrition



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and health of the children. The230-litre mini-tank system sup-plies 460 litres per day, hence46m3seasonalwaterrequirementconsidering100daysgrowingpe-riodformostvegetables.Therestofthewaterisusedfortheschoolgreening initiative – establish-ment of seedling nurseries andwateringplantedtreeseedlingsasdescribedbelow.

Environmental ConservationThis integrates establishment oftree/vegetablenurseriesandtreeseedlings planting – the schoolgreeninginitiative.Treeandveg-etable seedling nurseries are es-tablishednearthefarmpondsandyoungfarmers’clubsareencour-aged to adopt them for incomegenerationfortheclubsand/ortheschools. Drought resistant treesspecies will be included amongothersaccordingtothepreferenceof the schools. The tree nurser-ies on the other hand are usedforsensitizingthechildrenontheimportanceofenvironmentalcon-servationandvalueoftreeplant-ing, both athomeand in school.The trees planting component isdubbed“thegreeningschoolsini-tiative”wherethechildrenwillbeencouragedtotakecareofatleasttwo tree seedlingsper yearuntiltheyarefullyestablished.

The school-based component,where applicable, also includeenergy saving cook stoves (Jiko Kisasa), which save firewood fortheschoolmealsprogramme,andhence children time and energyforfetchingfirewood.Thisalsore-ducesdeforestationandenhancesenvironmentalconservation.

Capacity BuildingTo enhance project implementa-tionprocess,continuedcapacity

building, technical support andbackstopping is a prerequisite.Theimpactsofcapacitydevelop-ment include enhanced commu-nityparticipation,confidenceandcontribution. Thus project own-ershipandsustainability isguar-anteeddueto leadingroleof thecommunity in project formula-tion,developmentandimplemen-tation.KRAincollaborationwiththe relevant government depart-mentsoffers technical support&backstopping to enhance projectimplementation, managementand sustainability. The trainingcomponentfocusoninter alia:wa-terresourcesmanagement;health

andhygiene education;micro-ir-rigationforvegetableproduction;tree seedling nursery establish-ment & management; environ-mental protection and conserva-tion, and operation, usage andmaintenance of project facilities– rainwater storage tanks, farmponds,improvedlatrines,etc.

Thecapacitybuildingtargetspu-pils, teachers and selected par-ents.

Quote:

“And when it rains on your parade, look up rather than down. Without the rain, there would be no rainbow.”

Gilbert K. Chesterton



Every year in September, Nai-robi hosts an international tradefair with participants from alloverKenya and also some inter-national participants. A signifi-cantpartoftheeventisdedicatedto agriculture and the promo-tion of technologies to farmers.

The show takesplaceat JamhuriShowground inNairobi and is alarge event opened by the Presi-dentandattendedbymanyfarm-ers, stakeholders, and ordinarypeople looking to learn more.Thisyear(2011)KRAwasinvitedtoattendaspartoftheMinistryofAgriculturesection.Wedisplayedanddemonstrateda20-litredripir-rigationsystemaspartoftheMin-istryofAgriculture’smodelfarm.

Wealsogaveawayourmagazinesand other information materialsat the Agricultural InformationResource Centre (AIRC) stand.Theeventlastedforoneweekandtheshowwasopenfrom8.00am-6.00pm(or later)everyday fromMonday 26th September 2011to Sunday 2nd October 2011.

KRAcontributionWe had a high level of interestfromabroadrangeofpeople,par-ticularly farmers, and potential

farmers. We demonstrated thedrip irrigation system and ex-plained the benefits in terms offood security and economicaluse of water. We promoted thework of KRA and encouragedpeople to read more about usandvisitourofficesandwebsite.The information materials werevery popular and most peoplevisiting the stand were keento read more about our work.

ConclusionandPlansforNextYear:The event was a success for

GHARP/KRAanditworkedwelltobepartof theMinistryofAg-riculturestand.TheMinistrysaidthatitwouldbegoodtoworkto-getherinthesamewaynextyear,buttoarrangefurtherinadvancesothatwecansetupthedripir-rigation system in good time sothat our crops would be readyfor the week of the OverallyGHARP/KRA’s presence at thiseventwas informative forevery-oneinattendanceaswellasben-eficial for the organisation as itprovidedanopportunity toraiseawarenessaboutGHARP/KRA’scurrentandpastprojectsand in-formpeoplewhowerenotprevi-ously aware of the organisation.

KRA Participation at the 2011 Nairobi International Trade FairBy Wilson Maina, Logistics Assistant, GHARP/KRA

FEATURE ARTICLE

Katie Allan, Former Information and Communication Officer explains GHARPKRA’s Drip irrigation system

KRA’s Drip irrigation demonstration

“Criticism, like rain, should be gentle enough to nourish a man’s growth without destroying his roots.”

Frank A. Clark

Quote:

Children Learn more about KRA projects from one of KRA official



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GREATER HORN OF AFRICA RAINWATER PARTNERSHIP

• EthiopiaRainwaterHarvestingAssociation(ERHA)• KenyaRainwaterAssociation(KRA)• RainwaterAssociationofSomalia(RAAS)• RainwaterAssociationofTanzania(RHAT)• UgandaRainwaterAssociation(URWA)

The Greater Horn of Africa Rainwater Partnership (GHARP) is a regional networkof NationalRainwaterAssociations(NRWA)fromtheGreaterHornofAfrica(GHA)countries.ThepartnershipwasformallyestablishedinMarch2001.ThecurrentmembersofGHARPare:

We hope you find this newsletter useful and informative. We welcome your feedback, articles,comments, questions, news stories or ideas. Your articles and news for our next edition should be

submitted by 20 May 2012. Thank you and keep in touch.

GHARP/KRASecretariatexpressesgratitudetothefollowingdevelopmentpartnersfortheircontinuedcollaborationandsupport:

ChristadelphianMealaDay(CMAD)Fund,Eriksjhalpen(Sweden),EuropeanUnion(EU),KenyaPostOfficeSavingsBank,GermanAgroAction(GAA),GovernmentofKenya(GoK),H2OforLife-USA,HerrodFoundation,JapanWaterForum(JWF),KenyaCommunityDevelopmentFund(KCDF),NewLifeMission,SafaricomFoundation,SelfHelpAfrica(SHA),SkillshareInternational,TribalGroupFoundation(TGF),UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme-GlobalEnvironmentFacility/SmallGrantsProgramme(UNDP-GEF/SGP),WesternUnionFoundation,andWherevertheNeed.

GHARP/KRASecretariatalsowishtoacknowledgethecontributionofMsFlorenceChepkoech,anInternfromtheSchoolofJournalism(UniversityofNairobi),andhertirelesseffortsanddedicationinmakingtheproductionofthisNewsletterasuccess.

Event Where When

CommissioningofNarokSouthDistrictProject

Ildungishosublocation 24thApril,2012

Commissioning of BaringoCentralProject

SeretonLocation May2012

CommissioningofMogotio/KoibatekProject

LelenLocation May2012

TheGHARPSecretariatishostedbyKRAinNairobi,Kenya.Legally,GHARPoperatesundertheauspicesofKRA,andtheKRAGoverningBoardoverseesitsactivitiesonbehalfoftheGoverningCouncil.

A Bi-annual newsletter published by the GHARP/KRA ......Laikipia East, Laikipia West, Narok North,...

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