A Beginners History of Philosophy v2 1000051302

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A
BEGINNER'S
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
BY
HERBERT
ERNEST
CUSHMAN,
LL.D.,
PH.D.
Sometime
Professor
of
Philosophy
in
Tufts
College
Lecturer
of
Philosophy
COPYRIGHT,
1911,
PEEFACE
THE
pedagogical
purpose
of
this
history
of
philo
sophy
is
more
neces
sary
inspiring
the
student
iv
PREFACE
in
length,
if
we
take
philosophy
of
antiquity
must
whole
civilizations
were
involved.
He
PREFACE
v
of
Harvard
University
CONTENTS
VOLUME
II.
MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
(1453
TO
THE
PRESENT
TIME)
CHAPTER
Periods
viii
CONTENTS
(2)
The
Periods
were
Different
18
(4)
The
Attitude
of
the
OF
THE
RENAISSANCE
(1453-1600)
22
THE
....
CONTENTS
ix
3.
As
Philosopher
(1638-1651)
50
4.
As
Controversialist
(1651-1668)
50
5.
As
Classical
Scholar
(1668-1679)
50
CONTENTS
THE
RELATION
or
GOD
TO
MATTER
CONTENTS
xi
(2)
xii
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
VII.
CONTENTS
xiii
THE
xiv
CONTENTS
THE
5.
The
Skepticism
of
CONTENTS
xv
2.
IN
WHAT
DOES
THE
VALIDITY
xvi
CONTENTS
ROMANTICISM
295
GOETHE
ILLUSTRATIONS
2
HISTORY
THE
4
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
the
most
influential
philosophical
nterpretations
f
the
history
of
modern
times
part
of
the
Middle
Ages,
logic
instead
of
being
a
method
be
came
an
end.
It
was
6
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
important
element
to
be
ment
which
was
made
possible
by
the
use
of
the
mag
netic
needle.
1498.
Vasco
da
CHAPTER
II
THE
RENAISSANCE*
(1453-1690)
The
General
THE
RENAISSANCE
9
10
THE
RENAISSANCE
11
tianity
ere
looked
upon
12
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
whatever.
The
changes
14
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
such
a
unity
is
a
treasure
of
the
past,
nor
could
the
THE
RENAISSANCE
15
worth
was
theo-centric,
construction
of
subjectivism
16
(a)
18
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
susceptible
THE
RENAISSANCE
19
the
spiritual
world,
so
why
is
not
the
new
nature-
world
period,magic,
trance-medium-
ship,
necromancy,
new
20
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
the
attitude
newly acquired
CHAPTER
III
HUMANISTIC
24
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
other
by
his
mystic
speculations
which
were
almost
prophecies.
Nicolas
HUMANISTIC
God
and
that
man
is
an
epitome
of
the
universe.
In
the
neo-Platonic
spirit

(Archseus).
HUMANISTIC
PERIOD
OF
THE
RENAISSANCE
27
strange
chemical
analysis
which
by
elemental
spirits.
The
28
HISTORY
Idea.
Philosophy,
aesthetics,
nd
religion
ere
identical
to
him.
To
express
his
thought
he
employed
30
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
drawn.
The
CHAPTER
IV
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
32
THE
NATURAL
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PERIOD
35
tion
came
into
vogue.
Magic,
alchemy,
astrology,
nd
conjurations
36
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
foetus.
Hobbes
applied
mechanical
law
to
psychologi
cal
phenomena.
The
study
40
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
must
be
qualified
in
one
respect.
Bacon's
tion. He
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PERIOD
41
lect
the
fruits
of
the
coming
age.
He
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PERIOD
43
world
of
the
natural
sciences.
Bacon
human life
by bringing
of
methods
of
positivism
are
the
same
as
44
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
that
spins
a
web
out
of
himself,
nor
like
that
procedure
46
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
Christian
state,
such
as
was
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PERIOD
49
terms
of
only
THE
position.
All
signs
of
62
54
HISTORY
causally
related
a
56
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
three
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
PERIOD
57
ehology,
or
the
theory
that
consciousness
is
composed
58
THE
60
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
political
o
ciety.
He
presented
a
vellum-bound
copy
to
Charles
II,
hoping
to
gain
favor
CHAPTER
V
THE
RATIONALISM
OF
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCE
a
country
where
their
64
conscious
spirits,
ithout
giving
up
the
conception
of
God
THE
RATIONALISTS
65
thought
that
they
were
giving
the
genius
THE
RATIONALISTS
67
at
Neuberg,
in
Austria,
in
1619.
It
was
68
70
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
principle
can
clearness,
which
from
his
youth
THE
RATIONALISTS
71
72
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
phy,
and
perhaps
will
THE
RATIONALISTS
73
to
little
74
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
God
relieved
him
of
this
solipsism.
If
THE
RATIONALISTS
75
feet
Being.
This
idea
must
have
an
adequate
cause.
Therefore
God
must
exist,
for
only
He,
and
no
im
perfectbeing,
can
be
the
adequate
cause
of
my
76
78
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
matter
Body.
In
proportion
as
Descartes
clearly
defined
mind
and
body,
and
referred
into
two
relative
substances,
THE
RATIONALISTS
79
scientific
principle
of
matter.
acts
upon
the
body.
There
was
a
spiritual
will
operating
the
matter
80
century.
It
spread
over
Europe
in
a
somewhat
similar
way
to
the
Darwinian
evolution
theory
THE
RATIONALISTS
81
most
important
members
of
this
school
THE
RATIONALISTS
83
come
of
matter.
Since
no
knowledge
is
possible
except
in
God,
he
claimed
that
the
modes
a
the
88
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
his
own
love
for
life
had
at
THE
RATIONALISTS
89
far
from
solitude,
and
90
THE
RATIONALISTS
93
Three
Central
a
world
of
extension,
and
that
of
the
world
of
con
scious
states
into
one
of
thought
94
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
paralleled
by
some
state
of
thought.
Biit
this
is
by
THE
RATIONALISTS
95
Spinoza
possesses
an
infinity
and
will,
extension
in
96
HISTORY
Each
fully
expresses
an
aspect
of
God
without
depreciating
the
value
quality
infringing
upon
out
in
THE
RATIONALISTS
97
sum-total
98
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
thing
100
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
versal,
which
has
engaged
102
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
thought
as
well
as
104
THE
RATIONALISTS
105
use
Spinoza's
own
celebrated
phrase,
usually
106
give
to
everything
its
proper
a
mathematical
scholasticism
Spinoza
God
has
become
a
pure
108
the
future,
just
as
Spinoza
of
scholastic
realism,
while
Leibnitz
presages
the
coming
individualism.
Spinoza'sphilosophy
THE
RATIONALISTS
109
ways
grew
out
of
some
practical
problem
or
political
occasion.
Leibnitz
was
not
an
academic
thinker,
and
his
Elector
of
110
HISTORY
THE
RATIONALISTS
111
sophical
theory,
so
112
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
over
he
called
on
Spinoza,
who
showed
him
the
manu
script
of
the
Ethics.
4.
Hanover
and
Philosophy
(1676-1716).
published
his
discovery
library.
At
eight
years
that he would
THE
RATIONALISTS
113
question
that
the
Spinozistic
onception
of
identity
and
necessity,
he
Spi-
nozistic
method,
114
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
from
so
many
sources.
In
1680
he
had
universalized
the
concept
to
centres
of
force
have
individuality.
He
was
led
to
this
conclusion
on
account
THE
RATIONALISTS
117
118
HISTORY
a
universal
philo
sophical
calculus.
He
was
too
versatile,
his
interests
were
too
diversified,
o
carry
through
so
slow
and
plod
ding
a
THE
RATIONALISTS
119
accepted
the
most
radical
120
122
HISTORY
THE
RATIONALISTS
125
In
his
development
of
his
description
f
the
monad,
Leibnitz
hits
upon
two
catch-phrases,
ne
of
which
pre
sents
126
body.
There
is
therefore
no
All
are
modes
128
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
difference
does
not
consist
130
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
highest
CHAPTER
VI
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
(icoo-iTSi)
materials.
We
have
already
found
that
the
two
hundred
and
more
years
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
133
was
134
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
135
The
Metaphysical
Presupposition
136
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
138
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
personal
and
particularoccupied
the
foreground.
Gib
bon
said,
apparently
harmless
theoretical
about
history
and
understand
the
world.
Man
Cosmo
politanism
takes
the
place
of
patriotism.
The
Enlight-
142
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
143
1786),
Nicolai
(1733-1811),
Basedow,
Abbt,
Engel,
Feeler,
Meiners,
Garve.
9.
CHAPTER
VII
JOHN
LOCKE
The
Enlightenment
146
HISTORY
148
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
teen
years
150
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
tion
was
confined
to
152
with
JOHN
LOCKE
153
Locke's
friendship
with
Shaftesbury
basis of
154
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
universe.
media
for
which
Locke
stands,
and
not
the
lawless
excesses
156
HISTORY
the
sense
158
HISTORY
is
merely
passive.
He
believes
that
into
compounds.
Thus
one
the
Essay
chemistry
by
which
160
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
flections.
real
theme.
Here
for
the
first
the
history
of
thought
the
attempt
is
made
to
distinct,
simple
ideas.
Substance,
to
Locke,
is
a
word
for
something
JOHN
LOCKE
161
convey
to
us
of
substance
of
probable
existence
looming
up
before
him,
the
out
absolute
darkness
of
ignorance.
Our
knowledge
164
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
thought
of
the
Enlightenment.
His
Essay
did
not
contain
anything
fundamentally
new,
JOHN
LOCKE
165
The
god
of
166
JOHN
LOCKE
167
moralists
were
also
deists
a
long
time.
168
CHAPTER
VIII
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
The
Life
and
Writings
of
George
Berkeley
(1685-
1753).
In
170
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
172
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
influenza,
he
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
173
The
Purpose
of
Berkeley.
The
life
and
teaching
of
Berkeley
were
dedicated
to
the
true
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
177
Berkeley
was
obliged
to
devote
a
good
deal
of
time
to
the
negative
side
of
his
philosophy.
Just
as
Locke
could
not
construct
an
empirical
psychology
until
he
had
disclaimed
all
allegiance
o
innate
ideas,
so
Berke
ley
could
not
construct
an
idealism
use
of
words
as
general
terms.
Words
are
always
general
180
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
compose
the
mighty
frame
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
181
college,
that
182
HISTORY
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
183
if
we
think
that
he
did.
What
he
184
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
Both
turned
from
philosophy
to
other
pursuits
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
185
(1723-1726)
186
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
gles
against
the
Stuarts.
Through
reading.
He
became
so
dissatisfied
from the
188
Academy,
in
contrast
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
189
(Treatise,
Book
I,
Conclusion)
190
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
What
is
an
impression
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
191
prior
to
ideas,
and
of
the
impressions
the
feelings
r
inner
impressions
are
copy
of
copy.
What
does
Hume
mean
by
the
193
nature
are
based.
The
question
with
Hume
is,
How
is
he
to
explain
all
194
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
come
to
us.
Two
impressions
come
at
the
same
time
or
in
succession,
which
our
impressions
do
occur,
BERKELEY
AND
HUME
197
cusses
it
both
198
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
any
necessary
connection
among
events
so
that
with
certainty
we
can
predict
the
occurrence
of
one
event
if
another
is
given
? Is
BERKELEY
200
BERKELEY
202
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
later
by
analysis
of
these
complex
states
which
are
first
given.
The
mind
is
not
a
blank
piece
of
paper
upon
which
simple
characters
are
first
inscribed,
201
by
the
long
wars
and
the
extravagance
of
paternal
gov
ernment.
The
reign
of
Louis
XV
seethes
with
the
struggle
of
Louis
to
which
their
criticism
206
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
look
large
and
the
large
great.
But
although
their
per
spective
was
inaccurate,
they
had
an
enthusiastic
faith
in
progress
and
humanity.
The
English
Influence
in
France.
THE
208
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
The
two
periods
have
ualism from
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
old
212
to
the
court
and
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
FRANCE
213
The
Social
Enlightenment
(1762-1789).
The
second
period
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
FRANCE
215
is
good.
Man
was
good
until
civilization
and
art
invaded
his
simplicity,
corrupted
his
virtues,
and
transformed
him
into
a
suffering
and
a
sinful
being.
Rousseau's
call
was
that
216
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
The
Revolution
was
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
GERMANY
217
Enlightenment.
The
period
from
1648
to
1740,
or
ninety-two
years,
is
introductory
to
the
Enlightenment,
and,
as
in
France,
a
period
of
absolutism.
The
Introductory
Period
(1648-1740).
Absolutism.
The
spirit
of
absolutism,
both
politically
nd
intel
lectually,
dominated
Germany
from
218
220
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
GERMANY
221
Many
German
philosophers,
people
as
the
French
Encyclopaedia
was
222
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
he
obtained
the
professorship
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
GERMANY
223
mediaeval
scholasticism,
since
224
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
German
Enlightenment.
The
spirit
of
the
Enlighten
ment
was
at
its
height
twenty
years
later
(1760),
con
temporaneous
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
226
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
IN
GERMANY
229
the
present
in
its
continuity
CHAPTER
X
KANT*
The
Convergence
of
Philosophical
Influences
in
Germany.
KANT
231
Germans
232
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
an
external
world,
but
of
KANT
233
there
was
formed
a
little
group
of
Kantians
234
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
sophy
was
at
230
capacity
of
tutor
KANT
237
was
the
Critique
of
238
KANT
239
lem
of
knowledge,
critical
method.
It
is
not
only
a
240
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
KANT
241
Now
Kant
never
gave
up
entirely
242
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
ligence
possesses
only
such
sense-perceptions
nd
sensa
tions,
244
KANT
245
term.
246
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
not
the
of
them.
The
synthesis
KANT
247
as
sensations
differ.
In
that
case
we
should
have
no
knowledge.
Human
beings
could
not
then
think
about
the
same
things,
one
another.
But
248
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
have
to
be
said
of
x,
y,
and
z.
None
would
live
in
a
of
our
uni
verse,
variety
of
objects
of
knowledge
we are
250
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
judgments,
both
analytic
and
synthetic,
re
expressions
of
synthesis.)
252
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
reach
certainty.
Besides
(1)
conceptual
knowledge
and
(2)
a
priori,
that
is,
the
universal
and
necessary
forms
to
knowledge,
he
thinks
he
has
proved
his
case.
Pie
has
then
explained
why
human
knowledge
KANT
253
Critique,
he
Analytic,
KANT
255
conscious
experience,
sensations
never
come
to
us
in
their
rawness.
They
256
KANT
257
but
unimportant,
and
only
two
of
these
categories
are
useful,
substance
and
cause.
He
258
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
the
200
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
creator
KANT
261
fusing
use
of
terms,
like
his
use
262
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
We
are
forever
seeking
to
make
our
synthesis
complete,
and
to
render
a
rational
and
complete
account
of
what
is
nevertheless
impossible
to
our
knowledge.
Now
are
not
indispensable
to
knowledge
in
the
sense
Descartes
formulated
KANT
263
consciousness
has
been
popular.
I
can
have
myself
as
the
direct
object
of
my
own
thought.
Upon
264
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
what
KANT
265
(3)
The
antinomy
of
freedom.
Thesis
266
not
an
object
of
possible
experience.
Only
particular
things
or
phenomena
are
2G8
270
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
of
Rousseau,
his
study
of
the
English
moralists,
influ
enced
his
theory
of
morals
reason,
is
relative.
The
central
KANT
271
pure
272
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
would
be
likely
to
be
different
KANT
273
an
imperative
in
itself,
proclaiming
its
right
because
it
is
reasonable,
justifying
tself
because
it
is
reasonable,
functioning
because
it
is
the
function
of
reason.
Then
274
service
to
man
is
a
principle
so
formal
that
276
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
i.
The
Postulate
of
Freedom.
The
unconditioned
morality,
it
can
guarantee
KANT
277
happiness
CHAPTER
XI
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
Idealism
after
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
279
the
all-crushing
critic;
Spinoza
was
the
dogmatic
mystic.
Their
opposition
did
not
amount
to
THE
They
would
set
thought
free,and,
gazing
in
upon
their
own
spirits,
they
282
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
The
Life
and
Writings
of
Fichte
(1762-1814).
284
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
however,
made
Atheistic Contro
286
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
288
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
289
Yes,
because
it
ought.
When
we
290
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
universe
as
free
moral
activity,
to
see
inactivity
o
where,
to
free
ourselves
292
HISTORY
THE
294
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
(which
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
295
so
long
is
duty
rendered
incomplete.
Moral
progress
is
endless,
296
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
phase
300
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
the
Romanticists'
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
301
trine.
But
their
302
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
303
4.
TJie
304
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
305
trary,
mind
and
nature
have
a
common
source
in
the
Reason.
They
have
a
parallel
consummation
of
this
process
of
productivity.
Thus
matter
on
the
one
306
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
than
Galileo
was
impeded
the
modern
THE
310
312
HISTORY
age
of
being
called
by
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
313
tial
expressions.
Idealism
com
pletion
in
the
philosophical
system
of
Hegel.
Hegel
died
in
1831,
314
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
317
historian
recognizes.
In
carrying
out
his
theory
in
detail
he
arbitrarily
318
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
THE
THE
clude
everything
and
yet
be
an
organic
whole.
In
what
terms
can
322
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
problems
we
try
to
get
results
that
are
logically
consist
ent.
324
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
ment.
Mind
and
matter
are
not
aspects
of
a
reality
hich
is
behind
them,
but
are
the
modes
of
that
reality.
The
cosmic
reason
is
successively
ind
and
matter,
and
not
the
principle
THE
326
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
adequate
forms.
Morality
is
the
Absolute
in
ever
en
larging
social
relations.
Religion
is
the
Absolute
in
personal
relations
to
man.
Philosophy
THE
GERMAN
IDEALISTS
327
categories
hich
are
the
The
truth
lies
in
the
assertion
that
transcends
the
two
opposites.
The
law
of
328
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
next
stage
in
historical
development
is
an
external
way
until
THE
CHAPTER
XII
332
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
inspired
German
idealism,
for
they
could
not
develop
their
philosophy
of
education,
psychology,
or
art
except
upon
a
THE
THE
PHILOSOPHY
OF
such
contradictions.
In
acknowledging
the
contradictions
of
experience
Herbart
did
not
find
himself
driven
to
either
one
of
these
alternatives.
Philosophy
did
not
mean
for
him
skepticism.
On
336
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
that
they
have
reality
as
their
ground.
Seeming
things
imply
realities
as
the
ground
of
their
qualities
seem
ing
occurrences
imply
actual
relations
THE
PHILOSOPHY
338
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
not
essential
to
either
Real,
Soul,
340
THE
342
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
day
of
recognition
come.
The
popular
to
get
an
academic
hearing,
because
the
German
did
not
THE
344
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
Schopenhauer
is
unique
among
the
philosophers
of
Europe,
essentially
harmony.
Schopenhauer,
however,
appealed
to
the
dis
cordances
THE
PHILOSOPHY
OF
THE
TH1NG-IN-ITSELF
345
chain
of
perennial
re-births.
Man
needs
to
be
freed
from
the
illusion
346
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
Intuition
reveals
the
thing-in-itself
348
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
instinctive
THE
PHILOSOPHY
OF
THE
THING-IN-ITSELF
349
fall
a
creature
is
to
350
HISTORY
THE
CHAPTER
XIII
?
364
cities,
356
358
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
eluded
that
the
PHILOSOPHY
OF
THE
NINETEENTH
CENTURY
359
German
physicians
360
HISTORY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
Our
ology
is
highest.
Sociology
includes
all
the
preceding
sciences,
and
yet
362
HISTORY
conception
of
mighty
cosmic
cataclysms
to
a
geological
series
of
Abbott,
E.
A.,
366
INDEX
35
n.
to
the
world,
77;
INDEX
367
his
influence
on
Spinoza,
87;
his
influence
on
Locke,
145,
146,
152.
Determinism,
53.
Dewing,
A.
S.,
368
INDEX
Hegel,
what
they
sought,
279,
281,
312;
INDEX
369
227;
370
INDEX
of
human
knowledge,
according
to,
199,
200
372
INDEX
ancestry,
150;
his
training
in
tol
erance,
150,
151
INDEX
373
125-129;
the
ism
of,
353-355
374
INDEX
by,
according
to
Herbart,
336
INDEX
375
sance, 18,
period,
31-39,
376
INDEX
Sensations,
of
INDEX
377
Thesis,
of

A Beginners History of Philosophy v2 1000051302

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