A “clean cycle” and “safe final sink” · a 1/19 A “clean cycle” and “safe final...
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a 1/19 A “clean cycle” and “safe final sink” strategy for waste management Paul H. Brunner TU Wien/ Vienna University of Technology Austria
Transcript of A “clean cycle” and “safe final sink” · a 1/19 A “clean cycle” and “safe final...
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A “clean cycle” and “safe final sink” strategy for waste management
Paul H. Brunner
TU Wien/ Vienna University of Technology
Austria
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240.000 t/d
Large resource input -> what about the output?
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Consequence of large resource exploitation
Muir and Riggs Glaciers
Changes in sinks are slowly and barely noticeable
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All material flows end in sinks
after A. Nieman and supplemented by G. Döberl
ATMOSPHERE 4.200 [Mio. km³] HYDROSPHERE 1.400 [Mio. km³]
.
PEDOSPHERE
local and global sink capacities are limited!
0,3 [Mio. km³]
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Global lead production
7000 5000 3000 1000 0
1*10-3
1*10-1
1*101
1*103
1*105
1*107
1*109
Per capita production [g/c.year)
Years before 2000 source: Settle & Patterson
106-7
104-5
[tons Pb/year]
Global production [t/year]
Ro
man
em
pire
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0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Lead
in
sto
ck [
ton
s]
year
Assumption: 70 % Recycling
Recycling does not solve the long-term problem!
Where is the Roman lead today?
Lead
dis
sip
ate
d in
th
e e
nvir
on
men
t [t
]
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
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15.000
10.000
5.000
0 0 100 %
Virgin Cu production
Recycled Cu production
Ener
gy r
equ
ired
to
pro
du
ce c
op
pe
r [k
Wh
/t C
u]
Fraction of recycled copper [%]
Total Cu production
Zero waste is not possible
Emis
sio
ns
and
was
tes
pro
du
ced
pe
r to
n o
f C
u
Thermodynamic limits of a cycling society (I)
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The ecologic limits of a cycling society (II)
Where is the zinc?
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Global Zinc flows to sinks
If distributed over 1 % of planetary soil: A/G = 33 (in 100 years) If distributed over 10 % of planetary soil: AG = 3 If distributed over 20 % of planetary soil : A/G = 2
6.4
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200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000
220
market price
Available stock [tons]
[co
st
for
reco
ve
ry /
ton
]
lead accumulators
water pipes
inhouse
sewer
pipes
power
cable
telecom
cable
source: Lohm et al., 1998
The economic limits of a cycling society (III)
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PBDE/BFRs in Videotapes (Hirai et al, BFR 2007)
PBDE in children toys (Chen et al, ES&T, 2009)
PBDEs in coffee cups (J. Samsonek & F. Puype, FAC, 2013)
The toxicological limits of a cycling society (IV)
We need clean cycles!
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Better information for waste management!
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recycling
Eol vehicles
stock 76 t (- 3.2) stock ?? (+ 2.6)
X
X
2.6 t/y
construction wastes
key control system
0.6 t/y
consumption waste management X
Vyzinkerova et al, 2013
PBDE in Vienna: where are the sinks?
X
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Comprehensive view necessary
solid wastes
sewage
corrosion, erosion, & weathering
offproducts (CO2 et al.)
recycling
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Sinks and Final Sinks
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The landfill: a “Final Sink” for wastes?
Organic waste (MBT) landfill Bottom ash landfill Filter ash landfill
CH4, CO2
H2
TOC, NH4 , Cl etc.
SO4, Cl etc.
emissions of leachate, gas, TOC and N
large small
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Incineration: unique sink for organic substances
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Conclusions
1. New question: Are sinks the ultimate resource?
2. Effective management requires linking sources and sinks
3. Zero waste is not feasible: technical losses, economic constraints
4. WM is the key filter between A and E, must control flows to sinks!
5. WM must supply sinks: incineration and landfilling
6. New design for “clean cycles” and “safe final sinks” required!
7. New knowledge base for planning of rm and wm:
-> “Metabolism of the anthroposphere”
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Recycling is not …
the end
….is the final sink
