A and P Mod#2 pages 33-40
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Transcript of A and P Mod#2 pages 33-40
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Module #2 Histology
Histology – the study of
tissues
Four tissue types:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
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Epithelial
Tissuehttp://lima.osu.edu/biology/images/anatomy/Stratified%20squamous%20epithelium%20400X.jpg
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General Features of Epithelial Tissue
•Cells are closely packed with little extracellular material (between cells)
•Are in continuous sheets
•Single or multiple layered
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General Features of Epithelial Tissue
•Epithelia is avascular meaning “without blood vessels”.
•Nutrients and wastes are exchanged by diffusion with the adjacent connective tissue.
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General Features of Epithelial Tissue
•have a free surface which is exposed to a body cavity, lining of an internal organ, or the exterior of the body, and
• a basal surface which is attached to the basement
membrane.
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basal surface
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General Features of Epithelial Tissue
•Subject to wear, tear and injury, so has a high capacity for renewal (high mitotic rate).
•Functions include protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, and reproduction.
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General Features of Epithelial Tissue
•Epithelial tissue sits on a basement membrane located between it and the tissue underneath.
http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/13_04.jpg
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
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There are two kinds epithelial tissue based on function:
(1) lining or covering epithelium –covers the skin and outside of some internal organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, blood vessels, and internal organs.
Epithelial Tissue con’t
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There are two kinds epithelial tissue (function):
(2) glandular epithelium -consists of cells that secrete substances. (ex. Thyroid/sweat/oil glands)
Epithelial Tissue con’t
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Epithelial tissue can be divided into categories based on……
>the shape of the cells and
> the number of layers of cells.
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SHAPES of epithelium:
1. Squamous
-flat cells-thin which allows substances to pass through (diffuse) them. -have limited cell structures due to size
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2. Cuboidalcube shapedImportant in secretion and absorptionHave more cell structures than squamousUses active transport to secrete and absorb substances
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3. Columnar
cells are tall and cylindrical Have the most cell structures Most complex Most secretion ability
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4. Transitional
•cells can readily change shape from squamous to columnar•change shape due to stretching, of body parts. (ex. Found in bladder)
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Arrangement of Layers
1. Simple epithelium a single layer of cellsfound in areas where diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorption occur.Can be squamous, columnar, or cuboidalEx. lungs
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Arrangement of Layers
2. Stratified epithelium contains two or more layers of cells protects underlying tissues found where there is wear and tearEx. Skin Named by the free surface.
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Arrangement of Layers
3. Pseudostratified epithelium contains a single layer of a mixture of cell typeshas a stratified appearancebut is a single layerAll cells touch basementmembrane
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Glandular Epithelium
Columnar epithelium that contains special cells capable of synthesizing and secreting certain substances such as enzymes, hormones, milk, mucus, sweat, wax and saliva
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Glandular Epithelium
Goblet cells :
Special columnar cells that their function is to secret mucin which mixes with water to form mucous -intestines
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Goblet cell