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ISSN - 978-81-922558-3-5

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’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 11

leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds ewy esa laLd`r dks ekuk x;k gSA laLd`r lsfodflr gksus okyh yksd&Hkk"kkvksa esa fgUnh dk viuk fof'k"V LFkku gSA Hkk"kkfonksa usfgUnh ds nks izeq[k Hksn fd;s gSa& iwohZ fgUnh vkSj if'peh fgUnhA okLro esa cqUnsyhlacaèkh fu.kZ; Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa us miyc/k lkexzh ds vk/kkj ij fy;s gSa] ijarq dkykUrjesa cqUnsyh laca/kh bruh lkexzh miyCèk gks x;h gS fd ;g cksyh&:i ekud dksfVrd igq¡p pqdk gSA

Hkkjro"kZ NBh 'krh bZlk iwoZ 16 egktuinksa esa foHkkftr FkkA tuinh; Hkk"kkus oSfnd laLd`r Hkk"kk dk ljyhdj.k fd;kA dkykUrj esa mlus Dykfldy laLd`r^dk Lo:i xzg.k fd;k rFkk vUrtZuinh; Hkk"kk dks izHkkfor djus yxhA bldksO;ofLFkr djus gsrq O;kdj.kkpk;Z ikf.kfu us v"Vk/;k;h dh jpuk pkSFkh 'krh bZlkiwoZesa dhA bl le; ikfy ,oa izkd`r Hkk"kk,¡ tuHkk"kk ds :i esa izpfyr FkhaA xkSre cq),oa egkohj Lokeh us Øe'k% ckS) ,oa tSu /keZ dk izpkj bu ek/;eksa ls tuekul esafd;k gSA

egkdkO; dky ds nks izfl) xzUFk ^jkek;.k^ ,oa ^egkHkkjr^ gSaA nksuksa xzaFkkas dsjpf;rk cqUnsy[k.M dh /kjrh ls tqM+s gq, FksA psfn] n'kk.kZ ,oa dk#"k ls orZekucqUnsy[k.M vkc) FkkA ;gk¡ ij vusd tutkfr;k¡ fuokl djrh FkhaA buesa dksy]fu"kkn] iqfyUn] fdjkr] ukx& lHkh dh viuh Lora= Hkk"kk,¡ FkhaA laLd`r fo}kuksa dhHkk"kk FkhA vartZuinh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa foa/;syh^ dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,dle`) Hkk"kk FkhA gsepanz lwfj us viHkza'k dk O;kdj.k nloha 'krh esa fy[kkA e/;ns'kh;

cqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 12

Hkk"kk dk fodkl bl dky esa gks jgk FkkA ckjgoha 'krh esa nkeksnj iafMr us

^mfDr&O;fDr&izdj.k^ dh jpuk dh] blesa vo/kh rFkk 'kkSjlsuh ¼czt½ ds vusd

'kCnksa dk mYys[k izkIr gSA blh dky esa cqUnsyh iwoZ viHkza'k ds mnkgj.k Hkh izkIr gksrs

gSaA cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dh viuh izd`fr rFkk okD;&foU;kl dh ekSfyd 'kSyh gSA fgUnh

izkd`r dh vis{kk laLd`r ds fudV gSA vkfndky dh dkO; Hkk"kk esa ukFkiaFkh jpuk,¡

izkIr gSa] os Hkk"kkdkO; dh izFke lh<+h dks Kkfir djrh gSaA blds iwoZ Hkh HkoHkwfr ds

^mRrjjkepfjr^ esas xzkeh.k tuksa dh Hkk"kk ^foa/;syh^ ¼izkphu cqUnsyh½ gh FkhA cqUnsyh

dh ikVhi)fr esa lkr Loj rFkk iSarkyhl O;atu gSaA ^dkra= O;kdj.k^ us laLd`r ls

ljyhdj.k izfØ;k esa lg;ksx fn;kA cqUnsyh ikVh dh 'kq#vkr ^vksuk eklh /k¡e^

ekSf[kd ikB ls 'kq: gqbZA fonqj&uhfr ds 'yksd fouk;ds rFkk pk.kD; uhfr

^pUuk;ds ds :i esa ;kn djk;s tkus yxsA MkW- jes'kpanz us fy[kk gS fd& ^dk;LFkksa

rFkk oS';ksa us bl Hkk"kk dks O;ogkfjd :i iznku fd;k] mudh fyfi eqfM;k ¼fuEu

ek=k foghu½ FkhA ^Loj cS;k^ ls v{kj rFkk ek=k Kku djk;k x;kA^ ^pyh&pyh

fotu o[kksa vkbZ ] dka ls vkbZ d dk ys vkbZ A okD;foU;kl ekSfyd FksA Hkk"kk dkO;

dh ijEijk nloha 'krh ls izkjEHk gks x;h FkhA cqUnsyh ds vkfndfo ds :i esa izkIr

lkexzh ds vk/kkj ij txfud ,oa fo".kqnkl loZekU; gSa] tks cqUnsyh dh leLr

fo'ks"krkvksa ls ef.Mr gSaA ;qxhu vis{kkvksa ds vuq:i dkO; jpuk gqbZ gSA

cqUnsyh vkSj czt nksuksa cksfy;k¡ lgksnj gh gSaA bl lanHkZ esa d`".kyky gal us

fy[kk gS & ^czt vkSj cqUnsyh e/;ns'kh; 'kkSjlsuh&viHkza'k ls mn~Hkwr e/;ns'kh;

fgUnh ds nks :i gSaA ;s nksuksa cksfy;k¡ vFkok Hkk"kk,¡ ,d Hkk"kk ds nks :i Fks& vr%

vkjaHk esa buds :i esa dksbZ varj ugha FkkA ,d :i cztHkwfe esa iz;qDr gksus ds dkj.k

czt dgyk;k vkSj nwljk :i cqUnsy[k.M esa iz;qDr gksus ds dkj.k cqUnsyh ;k

cqUnsy[k.Mh dgyk;kA^ cqUnsyh dk fodkl X;kjgoha& ckjgoha lnh esa gks pqdk Fkk

vkSj ;g pyu esa Hkh vk pqdh FkhA ds'kopanz feJ us fy[kk gS & ^pansy lkezkT; ds

vf/kdka'k Hkkx esa cqUnsyh Hkk"kk viuh vusd LFkkuh; cksfy;ksa ds lkFk X;kjgoha&ckjgoha

lnh esa fodflr gks jgh FkhaA bl izdkj cqUnsyh dk mn~Hko 'kkSjlsuh&viHkza'k ls gksrk

gS vkSj fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS fd ;g X;kjgoha&ckjgoha lnh esa Øe'k% izpyu esa vk

jgh FkhA blds ckn gh cqUnsyh esa jkmy csy vkSj lans'k jkld tSlh d`fr;ksa dh jpuk

gksrh gSA chlynso jklks dks Hkh fo}ku yksx cqUnsyh dh gh d`fr Lohdkj djrs gSaA

bl rjg cqUnsyh ijEijk vkSj lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls lEiUu Hkk"kk jgh gSSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 13

cqUnsyh ds {ks=cqUnsyh ds {ks=cqUnsyh ds {ks=cqUnsyh ds {ks=cqUnsyh ds {ks=

Hkk"kk;h Hkwxksy dh n`f"V ls laiw.kZ cqUnsyhHkk"kh {ks= dks ik¡p Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkldrk gS& mRrjh {ks=] nf{k.kh {ks=] iwohZ {ks=] if’peh {ks= vkSj e/;orhZ {ks=A

mRrjh {ks=mRrjh {ks=mRrjh {ks=mRrjh {ks=mRrjh {ks=

mRrjh {ks= ds varxZr e/;izns’k ds eqjSuk] fHk.M rFkk Xokfy;j ftys gSaAvkxjk] eSuiqjh vkSj bVkok dk dqN nf{k.kh Hkkx Hkh blh {ks= ds varxZr ekuuk mfprgksxkA buesa ls eqjSuk vkSj Xokfy;j rFkk vkxjk ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa izpfyr cqansyh dkog :i gS] tks ^Hknkojh* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g cqUnsyh dk cztfefJr :igSA eqjSuk dh ';kSiqj rglhy esa izpfyr cqUnsyh ds :i esa jktLFkkuh dk feJ.k gSA

nf{k.kh {ks=nf{k.kh {ks=nf{k.kh {ks=nf{k.kh {ks=nf{k.kh {ks=

nf{k.kh Hkkx ds varxZr fNUnokM+k] flouh vkSj ckyk?kkV ftys gSaA buesa lsfNUnokM+k ftys dk mRrjh Hkkx ¼vejokM+k rglhy½ rFkk iwohZ Hkkx ¼pkSjbZ {ks=½ dhyksdHkk"kk yxHkx 'kq) cqUnsyh dgh tk ldrh gS] fdUrq bl ftys ds e/; vkSjnf{k.kh Hkkx esa cls fdjkj] j?kqoa’kh] dks"Bh vkSj dqEgkj tkfr ds yksx tks cksyh cksyrsgSa] mls cqUnsyh dk fod`r :i dgk tk ldrk gSA bl {ks= dh lkSalj rglhy eq[;r%ejkBh Hkk"kh gS] ij rglhy esa ;gk¡&ogk¡ rFkk blls layXu fNUnokM+k rglhy dslhekorhZ {ks= esa cqUnsyh dk tks :i izpfyr gS] og Hkh ejkBh izHkkfor gSA bl ftysesa cqUnsyh Hkk"kh dksf"B;ksa dh cksyh ij Hkh ejkBh dk izHkko Li"V ns[kk tk ldrk gSAflouh ftys dk vf/kdka’k Hkkx cqUnsyhHkk"kh gSA bldh nf{k.kh lhek ejkBh Hkk"khukxiqj ftys ls layXu gSA vr% bl lhekorhZ Hkkx ij LoHkkor% ejkBh dk izHkkofn[kykbZ nsrk gSA

iwohZ {ks=iwohZ {ks=iwohZ {ks=iwohZ {ks=iwohZ {ks=

cqUnsyh Hkk"kk {ks= ds iwohZ Hkkx ds vUrxZr tkykSu] gehjiqj] Nrjiqj dk iwohZHkkx] iUuk rFkk tcyiqj ftys ds dqN mRrjh vkSj iwohZ Hkkx dk LFkku gSA buesa lsgehjiqj ftys esa cqUnsyh ds vusd :i izpfyr gSaaA bl ftys ds e/; dh cksyh rks'kq) cqUnsyh dgh tk ldrh gS] fdUrq blds mRrj& if’peh Hkkx vkSj tkykSu dsnf{k.kh Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk ^yks/kkUrh* :i vkSj iwohZ lhekorhZ {ks= esa ¼dsu unh dkrVorhZ Hkkx½ ls ,d i`Fkd :i izpfyr gS tks ^dq.Mjh* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 14

blh ftys ds mRrjh ;equk unh ds rVorhZ Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk :i vkSj Hkh cny x;kgSA cqUnsyh dk ;g :i ^frjgkjh* dgk tkrk gSA blds nf{k.k rFkk nf{k.kh&if’pehHkkx esa cqUnsyh dk ^cukQjh* :i cksyk tkrk gSA tkykSu ftys ds if’peh Hkkx esarks cqUnsyh dk yxHkx 'kq) :i gh izpfyr gS vkSj blds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk^yks/kkUrh* :i izpfyr gSA ijUrq bl ftys ds iwohZ lhekorhZ Hkkx ¼;equk unh dknf{k.kh rVorhZ Hkkx½ esa cqUnsyh dk ,d loZFkk uohu :i fn[kk;h nsrk gS tks fd^fuHkV~Vk* dgykrk gSA

iUuk ftys dh yksdHkk"kk ds nks :i gSaA blds mRrjh Hkkx dh cqUnsyh Nrjiqjftys dh cqUnsyh ls vkSj if’peh Hkkx dh cqUnsyh neksg ftys dh cqUnsyh ls lkE;j[krh gSA bu nksuksa Hkkxksa dh yksdHkk"kk 'kq) cqansyh gh dgh tk ldrh gS] fdUrqblds iwohZ vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkx dh cqUnsyh fudVorhZ c?ksyh Hkk"kh {ks= ds izHkko ls c?ksyhfefJr gks x;h gSA ;g cqansyh dk cukQjh :i gS] tks mRrj gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.khHkkx rd igq¡p x;k gSA

bl rhljs {ks= esa tcyiqj ftys ds mRrjh vkSj iwohZ {ks= dh cqansyh Hkh c?ksyhfefJr gSA bl ftys dh tcyiqj vkSj ikVu rglhy esa cksyh tkus okyh cqUnsyhmRrj iwoZ esa c<+dj flgksjk rglhy ds iwoksZRrj esa gh c?ksyh ls fefJr gksus yxrhgS vkSj blds vkxs c<+dj dVuh rglhy esa bldk cqansyh&:i yqIrizk; gks tkrk gSvkSj c?ksyh gh ogk¡ dh yksdHkk"kk cu tkrh gSA

if’peh {ks=if’peh {ks=if’peh {ks=if’peh {ks=if’peh {ks=

bl Hkkx ds varxZr eqjSuk ftys ds ';kSiqj rglhy] f’koiqjh] xquk] fofn’kk vkSjgks’kaxkckn ftys dk if’peh Hkkx rFkk lhgksj ftyk gSA buesa ls eqjSuk] f’koiqjh vkSjxquk ftys ds if’peh Hkkx jktLFkku dh iwohZ lhek ls layXu gaS] ftlls bu Hkkxksaesa cksyh tkus okyh cqansyh jktLFkkuh ls izHkkfor gks x;h gSA

lhgksj ftys ds if’peh Hkkx esa izpfyr cqansyh ekyoh Hkk"kh {ks= dh layXurkds dkj.k ekyoh fefJr gks x;h gSA if’pe dh vksj vkxs c<+us ij bl ftys dhvk"Vk rglhy esa cqansyh dk :i yqIr izk; gks tkrk gS vkSj mldk LFkku ekyoh xzg.kdj ysrh gSA bl rglhy dh cksyh fo’kq) cqansyh rks ugha] ij cqansyh fefJr ekyohgh dgh tk ldrh gSA

gks’kaxkckn ftys ds if’peh Hkkx dh Hkk"kk;h fLFkfr lhgksj ds if’peh Hkkx ls

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 15

dqN fHkUu gSA bl if’peh Hkkx esa bl ftys dh nks rglhysa flouh vkSj gjnk gSaAbuesa ls flouh rglhy dh yksdHkk"kk cqansyh izHkkfor ekyoh gSA gjnk rglhy dkmRrjh Hkkx ekyok {ks= ls lEc) vkSj if’peh Hkkx fuekM+h Hkk"kh {ks= gSAifj.kke&Lo:i bl rglhy ds if’peh Hkkx esa fuekM+h fefJr ekyoh cksyh tkrhgS] e/; vkSj mRrj ds Hkkxksa esa cqansyh izHkko;qDr fuekM+h vkSj ekyoh dk ,slk fefJr:i cksyk tkrk gS] ftls fdlh Hkh ,d yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa lEcksf/kr ugha fd;k tkldrkA ml {ks= esa ;g :i ^Hkqokus dh cksyh* ds uke ls izfl) gSA

e/;orhZ {ks=e/;orhZ {ks=e/;orhZ {ks=e/;orhZ {ks=e/;orhZ {ks=

bl {ks= ds varxZr nfr;k vkSj if’peh Hkkx rFkk e/; Hkkx esa Nrjiqj] >k¡lh]Vhdex<+] fofn’kk ¼dqN Hkkx NksM+dj½ lkxj] neksg] tcyiqj] ¼dVuh rglhy dsvfrfjDr½ jk;lsu] gks’kaxkckn ¼flouh gjnk ds vfrfjDr½ vkSj ujflagiqj dk ftysdk LFkku gSA ;g laiw.kZ {ks= cqansyhHkk"kh {ks= ds e/; fLFkr gS] ftlls bldh lhekorhZcksfy;k¡ bl Hkkx esa izpfyr cqansyh dks izHkkfor u dj ldhA bl n`f"V ls bls ’kq)cqansyh* dk {ks= dgk tk ldrk gSA

,slh dksbZ Hkh Hkk"kk ;k cksyh ugha gS] ftlesa fdlh nwljh cksyh ;k Hkk"kk dkizHkko u iM+k gks] vr% fdlh Hkk"kk ;k cksyh dks iw.kZ 'kq) ugha dgk tk ldrkA ij;gk¡ ij cqansyh ds 'kq) :i ls rkRi;Z gS& ftlesa nwljh Hkk"kk dk izHkko ukeek= dkgh gks] ogh 'kq) cqansyh gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 16

cqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklcqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklcqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklcqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklcqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl

Hkk"kkfoKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj cqansyh dk mn~HkoHkk"kkfoKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj cqansyh dk mn~HkoHkk"kkfoKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj cqansyh dk mn~HkoHkk"kkfoKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj cqansyh dk mn~HkoHkk"kkfoKku ds fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj cqansyh dk mn~Hko

vkt Hkkjr ds ftl izns’k dks cqUnsy[k.M dgk tkrk gS vkSj ftldh yksdHkk"kkdks cqUnsyh dgk tkrk gS] og izkxSfrgkfld dky esa Hkh orZeku Fkk] ml le; ukepkgs tks dqN Hkh jgk gksA MkW- gjnso ckgjh us fy[kk gS& ;g ckr var%lk{; ls fl)gS fd gekjs fgUnh izns’k esa vk;ksZa dk izkphure fuokl LFkku lkjLor izns’k Fkk] ftlsczãkorZ ;k czãeihB dgk x;k gSA ;gk¡ ij gh _Xosn dk lEiknu gqvk gSA bldsnf{k.k vkSj iwoZ esa vusd vuk;Z tkfr;ksa dk fuokl Fkk vkSj nkos ls dgk tk ldrkgS fd mudh cksfy;k¡ ,d:i ugha FkhaA mu tkfr;ksa esa dqN lH; Fkha vkSj dqNvlH;A vlH; tkfr;ksa esa dksbZ cM+s jktuSfrd laxBu ugha gqvk djrs Fks] vr% muesavusd cksfy;k¡ izpfyr FkhaA tc oSfnd vFkok laLd`r Hkk"kk vk;ksZa dh 'kfDr vkSjlaLd`r ds lkFk&lkFk fgUnh izns’k ds rRdkyhu vkfnokfl;ksa ij Nkus yxh] rks oscksfy;k¡ vdLekr yksi ugha gks xbZa] cfYd laLd`r dks viuk va’knku nsrh gqbZèkhjs&èkhjs mlesa foyhu gksrh xbZaA u;s {ks=ksa esa vkdj clus okys vk;Z yksx vius lkFklkfgfR;d Hkk"kk ds lkFk viuh&viuh cksfy;k¡ Hkh yk;sA bl rjg vk;ksZa vkSj vuk;ksZadh cksfy;ksa dk foy;u gqvkA bl foy;u dh izfØ;k esa cksfy;ksa ds fdrus LFkkuh;vkSj tkrh; :i cus] bldh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrhA*

MkW- gkWukyZ ds vuqlkj iatkch] jktLFkkuh vkSj iwohZ fgUnh izFke vk;Z& leqnk;dh vkSj if’peh fgUnh f}rh; vk;Z&leqnk; dh Hkk"kk FkhA* MkW- gkWukyZ us rRdkyhuvk;ksZa }kjk iz;qDr Hkk"kkvksa dks gh if’peh fgUnh vkSj iwohZ fgUnh dg fn;k gSA ;s

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 17

ukedj.k okLro esa viHkza’kdky ds mRrjk)Z ds gSaA MkW- fxz;lZu us ;g Lohdkj fd;kgS fd ^Hkkjr ds Hkk"kkRed bfrgkl ds izkjaHk esa gh Hkkjrh; vk;Z cksfy;ksa ds nks lewggks x;s FksA ,d e/;orhZ izns’k dh cksfy;ksa dk lewg vkSj nwljk ckáo`Ùk dh cksfy;ksadk lewg FkkA*

MkW- fxz;lZu us cksfy;ksa ds ftl lewg dks e/;orhZ izns’k esa izpfyr cryk;kgS] mUgha esa ls dksbZ cksyh vFkok micksfy;k¡ ml dky esa orZeku cqUnsy[k.M ds LFkkuesa cksyh tkrh gksxhA MkW- fxz;lZu us fy[kk gS fd iratfy ds dky rd mRrj Hkkjresa vusd cksfy;k¡ izpfyr FkhaA ;s cksfy;k¡ osnksa ds jpukdky esa Øe’k% fodflr gksrhtk jgh FkhA laLd`r dk tUe bUgha esa ls ,d cksyh dk fodkl FkkA bl uohu Hkk"kkdk tUe czkã.kksa ds izHkko esa f}rh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa gqvk FkkA le; ds lkFk ;g Hkk"kke/;Hkkjr rd QSy x;h] bls eè;dkyhu ysfVu ds leku egÙo izkIr gks x;kA'krkfCn;ksa rd vk;ksZa dh ijLij O;ogkj dh Hkk"kk,¡ izkd`r dgykbZa] tcfd laLd`r,d cuk;h x;h vizkd`r Hkk"kk FkhA ;s gh izkd`r oSfnd dky esa ns’k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksaesa yksdHkk"kkvksa ds :i esa izpfyr Fkha vkSj budk laikfnr :i gh izFke izkd`rdgyk;kA bu yksdHkk"kkvksa ds :i esa ftu izkd`rksa dk laLd`r ds lkFk fodkl gqvk]budk O;kdj.k cuk vkSj bl izdkj mUgsa lkfgfR;d :i izkIr gqvkA izkd`r dk ;gh:i f}rh; izkd`r dgyk;kA

MkW- fxz;lZu us bu yksdHkk"kkvksa ds :i esa izpfyr fofHkUu izkd`rksa dk ukefunsZ’k ugha fd;k gSA izkd`r&dky ¼500 bZ- iwoZ ls yxHkx 500 bZ-½ rd esa gesa ftuizkd`rksa dk mYys[k feyrk gS] og {ks=okph gSaA mRrj Hkkjr esa izpfyr izkd`rksa ds rhuuke feyrs gSa&mRrj&if’peh izkd`r e/;ns’kh; izkd`r vkSj izkP;A

UkkV~;’kkL= ds jpf;rk Hkjr us izkd`rksa ds lkr izdkj] lkfgR;&niZ.kdkj usckjg izkd`r] yads'oj ds jpf;rk us lksyg vkSj izkd`rpafnzdkdkj us lRrkbl izdkjcryk;s gSaA ;s Hksn HkkSxksfyd vk/kkj ij gh tku iM+rs gSa] vr% ml dky esa cqUnsy[kaMdgs tkus okys Hkw&Hkkx esa izpfyr yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa izkd`r dks e/;ns’kh;k izkd`r*dgk tk ldrk gSA blh izkd`r ds ewy esa cqUnsyh ds mn~xe dk lzksr gSA

izkd`r ds izFke fodkl dky esa gh ikfy dk cqUnsy[kaM esa izos’k gks x;k FkkvkSj bl {ks= dh yksdHkk"kk mldh izd`fr Hkh xzg.k djus yxh Fkh] fdUrq mlh le;ukx] okdkVd vkfn jktoa’kksa ds jktkvksa }kjk ftl /kkfeZd vkUnksyu dk lw=ikrgqvk vkSj ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i izkphu oSfnd /keZ ,d u;s Lo:i ¼ikSjkf.kd½ esa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 18

vkfoHkZwr gqvkA mlls bl Hkw&Hkkx esa ikfy dk fodkl vo#) gks x;k vkSj mldsLFkku esa laLd`r dks iqu% lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk dk :i izkIr gqvk vkSj izkd`r vU; cksfy;k¡yksdok.kh dk ek/;e cuhA

Hkkjr esa izos’k djus okyk f}rh; vk;Z&leqnk; izFke vk;Z&leqnk; ls vf/kdlqlaLd`r FkkA bl leqnk; ds yksxksa us izFke leqnk; ds yksxksa dks ?k`.kkRed 'kCnksals fi’kkp* dgk FkkA bUgha fi’kkpksa dh Hkk"kk iS’kkph* dgh x;h gSA blh iS’kkph Hkk"kkesa cM~M dgk* dh jpuk gqbZA bldh jpuk foU/;izns’k esa gqbZ] rks ;g Lohdkj djukiM+sxk fd bZlk dh izFke 'krh esa cqUnsy[k.M esa dksbZ ,slh izkd`r yksdHkk"kk izpfyrFkh] ftlesa iS’kkph&izkd`r dh izd`fr fo|eku FkhA Jh gfjgjizlkn f}osnh us ;gh erO;Dr fd;k gSA O;kdj.kdkj oj#fp us ^iS’kkph izd`fr% 'kkSjlsuh* fy[kdj iS’kkphdh izd`fr dk 'kkSjlsuh ls lkE; cryk;k gSA bl foospu ds i'pkr~ ge izkd`rdkyesa cqUnsy[k.M dh yksdHkk"kk 'kkSjlsuh ds ,d :i eè;ns’kh;k izkd`r* gksus ds fu"d"kZij igq¡prs gSaA

laor~ 1500 ls 1000 fo- rd dk le; Hkk"kk dh n`f"V ls ^viHkza’kdky* dgkx;k gSA vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy us fy[kk gS& ^Hkjreqfu ¼rhljh 'krh½ us viHkza’k dkuke u nsdj ^ns’kHkk"kk* Hkh dgk gSA oj#fp ds ^izkd`rizdk’k* esa Hkh viHkza’k dkmYys[k ugha gSA viHkza’k dk uke igys&igy oyHkh ds jktk /kkjlsu f}rh; dsf’kykys[k esa feyrk gS] ftlesa mlus vius firk xqglsu ¼fo-l-650 ds igys½ dkslaLd`r] izkd`r] viHkza’k rhuksa dk dfo dgk gSA Hkkeg ¼foØe 7 oha 'krh½ us Hkh rhuksaHkk"kkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA bl izdkj viHkza’k ;k izkd`rkHkkl fgUnh esa jpuk gksusdk irk gesa foØe dh lkroha 'krkCnh esa pyrk gSA* MkW- mn;ukjk;.k frokjh us 600bZ- ¼la- 657 fo-½ ls viHkza’kdky Lohdkj fd;k gS vkSj bldk foLrkj {ks= jktLFkku]xqtjkr] if’peksRrj Hkkjr] cqUnsy[k.M] caxky vkSj nf{k.k esa ekU;[ksV rd cryk;kgSA

bu ekU;rkvksa ds vuqlkj viHkza’kdky LFkwy :i ls lu~ 500 ls 1000 bZ- rdekuuk mfpr gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd lu~ 500 bZ- ds vkl&ikl izkd`r yxHkxlekIr gks x;h Fkh vkSj og yksdHkk"kk viHkza’k ds :i esa ifjofrZr gksus yxh FkhA MkW-gtkjhizlkn f}osnh us fy[kk gS fd&^;g ckr Lej.k j[kus ;ksX; gS fd ;|fi izkd`resa fy[ks x;s dkO;ksa ds ckn gh viHkza’k Hkk"kk esa dkO; fy[ks x;s gSa] ijUrq bldk vFkZ;g ugha gS fd izkd`r uke dh dksbZ Hkk"kk igys cksyh tkrh Fkh vkSj viHkza’k uke dh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 19

Hkk"kk ckn esa cksyh tkus yxhA okLro esa viHkza’k yksd&izpfyr Hkk"kk dk uke gS] tksfofHkUu le;ksa esa fofHkUu :iksa esa cksyh tkrh FkhA

vxzkafdr fooj.k ls ^cqUnsyh dh mn~Hko dkyhu Hkk"kk;h i`"BHkwfe^ bl izdkjLi"V gksrh gS& cqUnsyh 'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k ds ,d :i e/;ns’kh;k* ls fodflr if’pehfgUnh dh ,d cksyh gSA bls ge bl izdkj ls n’kkZ ldrs gSa& 'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k¼eè;ns’kh;k½ > if’peh > fgUnh > cqUnsyhA

izFke lksiku 'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k tuHkk"kkvksa dk fodkl viHkza’k dgyk;hA vk/kqfud fo}kuksa us 'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k] ekx/kh viHkza’k] v)Zekx/kh viHkza’k] egkjk"VªhviHkza’k vkSj iS’kkph viHkza’k gh viHkza’k ds izeq[k izdkj Lohdkj fd;s x;s gSaA buesals 'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k gh eè;dkyhu Hkkjrh; vk;ZHkk"kk vkSj vk/kqfud vk;ZHkk"kk fgUnhds e/; dh dM+h gSA blds ,d vksj 'kkSjlsuh izkd`r vkSj nwljh vksj izkphu fgUnhgSA

'kkSjlsuh viHkza’k dks if’peh viHkza’k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blds varxZr xqtjkrrFkk jktLFkku lfgr vkt dk fgUnh izns’k gSA^ ;gha 'kkSjlsuh dk fodkl X;kjgoha'krh esa izkphu fgUnh ds :i esa gqvkA oSls rks lkroha 'krh esa ;g viuk ewy:iifjofrZr djrh gqbZ Øe’k% fgUnh mUeq[k gksrh tk jgh Fkh] tSlk fd gesa viHkza’k dsrRdkyhu ckS) vkSj tSu dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa ls Kkr gksrk gSA ij bldk Li"V :igesa X;kjgoha 'krh esa gh fgUnh ds :i esa fodflr ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA

cqUnsyh dk fodklcqUnsyh dk fodklcqUnsyh dk fodklcqUnsyh dk fodklcqUnsyh dk fodkl

vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rjg gh cqUnsyh dk Hkh fodkl Øe'k% gqvk gSA fodkl dhtc ge ppkZ djrs gSa] rc gekjs lkeus og iwjk {ks= cqUnsy[k.M vk tkrk gS] tgk¡cqUnsyh dk tUe gqvk vkSj Øe'k% ;g Hkk"kk fodflr gqbZA CkqUnsy[k.M ftls izkphue/;ns'k dgk tkrk gS] dkyih esa okYehfd&vkJe] tkyksu esa ijklj d`".k osnO;kldk LFkku vkfn ds fy, gh ugha] cfYd mu LFkkuksa ds fy, Hkh ;g Hkwfe izfl) gS tksegkHkkjr vkSj jkek;.k esa of.kZr gSaA ^psfn^ tuin tgk¡ iqjk.kdkyhu cqUnsyh lhekdk ifjp; djkrk gS] ogha pUnsy jkT; dh nloha vkSj X;kjgoha 'krkCnh dh lhek,¡gekjs le{k vkrh gSaA psfn tuin esa ;equk vkSj ueZnk ds e/; dk Hkkx FkkA pansy

dky esa ueZnk ds mRrj iwoZ esa relk rd] if'pe esa os=orh vkSj mRrj esa ;equk ds

fo'ks"k Hkkx FksA blh {ks= ds varxZr Xokfy;j] vksjNk] Nrjiqj vkSj iUuk tSls jkT;ksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 20

dks lkaLd`frd dsUnzksa ds :i esa fofHkUu 'krkfCn;ksa rd izflf) feyh gS tks laxhr]

èkeZ] mins'k vkSj lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls vkbZ gSA bl le; dk O;kid Hkk"kk&Lo:i

pkSngoha 'krkCnh dh Hkk"kk ls fHkUu gSA pkSngoha vkSj ianzgoha 'krkCnh rd Hkk"kk dk ,d

fuf'pr :i cu pyk Fkk] ftldh >yd fo".kqnkl] lwj rFkk rqylh tSls dfo;ksa ds

lkfgR; esa feyrh gSA MkW- d`".kyky gal us cqUnsyh ds fodkl ds lanHkZ esa ppkZ djrs

gq, fy[kk gS& cqUnsyh dk fodkl rhu :iksa esa gqvk & dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa] jktHkk"kk

ds :i esa vkSj yksdHkk"kk ds :i esaA^ bl izdkj ^MkW- d`".kyky gal^ ds vuqlkj

cqUnsyh ds rhu :i fodkl ijEijk dks vkxs c<+krs gSaA viuh iqLrd ^cqUnsyh vkSj

mlds {ks=h; :i^ esa MkW- d`".kyky us bu rhuksa :iksa dh foLr`r ppkZ dh gSA

dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esadkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esadkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esadkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esadkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa

cqUnsyh ,d yksdHkk"kk vFkok cksyh ekuh tkrh gSA cqUnsyh vkSj czt nksuksa dk

fodkl yxHkx ,d lkFk gqvk gS] ijarq czt esa i;kZIr lkfgR; jpuk gksus ds dkj.k

mls e/;dky esa Hkk"kk dk :i fey x;k Fkk] ijarq vkjaHk esa vkSj orZeku esa cqUnsyh

,d yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa lhfer jg x;hA czt esa i;kZIr lkfgR; ik;k tkrk gSA

nwljh vksj cqUnsyh gS tks czt ds led{k gksrs gq, Hkh vius vkjaHk dky ls vc rd

yksd Hkk"kk gh cuh jghA bls HkfDr ds ekè;e ds :i esa fodflr gksus dk volj

u feyk] ij cqUnsy[k.M ds jktkvksa ds njckj esa cM+h la[;k esa dfo jgs gSaA Xokfy;j

ds jktk jkeflag rksej dh lRrk lekIr gksus ij muds vkfJr dfo;ksa us cqUnsy[k.M

ds jktkvksa dk gh vkJ; xzg.k fd;k vkSj os llEeku dkO; jpuk djrs jgsA ml

le; ds bu dfo;ksa dh Hkk"kk D;k jgh gksxh] ;g dguk eqf'dy gS] ,d vuqeku ds

vuqlkj vkjaHk esa buds dkO; dh Hkk"kk iz/kkur% e/;ns'kh; fgUnh gh jgh gksxhA

lksygoha vkSj l=goha 'krkCnh ds dfo;ksa dks czt vFkok cqUnsyh dk dfo eku fy;k

tkrk gSA blls ;g ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd cqUnsyh vius fodflr :i esa lksygoha

vkSj l=goha 'krkCnh ds ckn gh lkeus vk ikrh gSA dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa tc ge

cqUnsyh ds fodkl dh ppkZ djrs gSa] rc gekjs lkeus iwjs cqUnsy[k.M ds lksygoha

'krkCnh ds ckn ds dfo vkrs gSaA lcls igys vksjNk njckj ds dfo;ksa dh ppkZ dh

tkrh gSA MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& ^cqUnsy[k.M esa ,d ,slh dfo ijaijk

lksygoha 'krh ls gh jgh gS] ftuds dfo;ksa dk fgUnh ds dkO; lkfgR; ds fodkl

vkSj lef) esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA^ egkjkt Hkkjrhpanz ¼laor~ 1588&1611 fo-½

ds vkJ; esa vusd dfo jgs gSa] ftuesa xqykc dfo vkSj ealkjke fo'ks"k mYys[kuh;

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 21

gSaA dfo xqykc dk ^lsjc/k^ rFkk ealkjke ds ^ljksn;^] ^;q) fot;^] ^vtik tksx^

rFkk ^vkokxeu feVkokuh^ uked dkO; d`fr;k¡ miyC/k gSaA bUgha ds 'kklu dky esa

[ksejkt czkã.k us ^izrki gtkjk^ ¼laor~ 1590½ dh jpuk dh Fkh] ftlesa egkjkt

:nzizrki] muds iq=ksa rFkk mudh jkt/kkuh ds oSHko dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA iw.kZ

d`fr dh Hkk"kk cqUnsyh gSA

jktHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkljktHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkljktHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkljktHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkljktHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkl

cqUnsyh fgUnh dh ,d ,slh Hkk"kk ekuh tkrh gS tks yxkrkj pkj lkS o"kksZa rd

jktHkk"kk ds :i esa LFkkfir jgh gSA ^cqUnsyh vFkok cqUnsy[k.M dh ^cksyh^ rks vHkh

Hkh dgk tkrk gS] fdUrq fgUnh dh cksfy;ksa esa cqUnsyh gh ,d ,slh cksyh gS] ftls

yxkrkj pkj lkS o"kksZa rd jktHkk"kk ds :i esa izfrf"Br gksus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr jgk

gSA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd cqUnsyh cqUnsy[k.M ds jktkvksa ds jkT;dk;Z] fglkc&fdrkc

vkSj ijLij i= O;ogkj dh Hkk"kk jgh gSA ml le; ds lHkh jktdk;Z cqUnsyh esas gh

gksrs Fks] tSls & lunsa] bdjkjukesa] rkezi=] f'kykys[k] jktdh; ,oa O;fDrxr i=

O;ogkj vkfnA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd cqUnsyh jktHkk"kk ds :i esa dkQh le`) jgh

gSA

yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodklyksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodklyksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodklyksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodklyksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkl

cqUnsyh dk dkO;Hkk"kk vkSj jktHkk"kk ds :i esa tks fodkl gqvk gS] og cqUnsyh

dh le`f) dks n'kkZrk gSA blh rjg yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa Hkh cqUnsyh dk fodkl

fu%lansg vfoLej.kh; gSA yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa fodkl crykus dh n`f"V ls nks fo/kk,¡

ekuh tkrh gSa i| vkSj x|A i| ds :i esa cqUnsyh esa yksdxhrksa dk le`) Hk.Mkj

gS vkSj x| ds :i esa yksddFkkvksa] yksdksfDr;ksa] eqgkojksa vkSj cq>kSoyksa dk vackj gSA

yksdxhr ds :i esa cqUnsyh esa /kkfeZd xhrksa ds varxZr Hktu] Hkxrsa] Hkksyk ds xhr]

miokl] ozr] ukSjrk] rhFkZ;k=k,¡ vkfn ls lacaf/kr xhr feyrs gSaA lkekftd xhrksa esa

lksgj] laLdkjxhr] R;ksgkjxhr] _rqxhr] izsexhr] gksyhxhr vkfn vkrs gSaA blds

lkFk gh cqUnsyh esa yksdxhrksa dh ,d ,sfrgkfld ijaijk Hkh jgh gS] ftlesa ohjxkFkkvksa

ls iw.kZ xhr feyrs gSaA lkFk gh fofo/k R;ksgkjksa vkSj _rqvksa ls lacaf/kr xhr Hkh de

ugha gSaA

yksddFkkvksa dh n`f"V ls lacaf/kr dFkk,¡] i'kq&if{k;ksa ls lacaf/kr dgkfu;k¡]tknw dh dgkfu;k¡] ifj;ksa vkSj vIljkvksa ls lacaf/kr dgkfu;k¡] lk/kq&Qdhjksa ls

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 22

lacafèkr dgkfu;k¡] dfYir jktk&jkfu;ksa vkSj jktdqekjksa ls lacaf/kr dgkfu;k¡],sfrgkfld dgkfu;k¡] uhfr vkSj fl)kUrksa ij izdk'k Mkyus okyh dgkfu;k¡] ekuothou ds lq[k&nq%[k vkSj fofo/k leL;kvksa ij vk/kkfjr dgkfu;k¡ vkfn feyrh gSaAyksdksfDr;ksa vkSj eqgkojksa ds lkFk&lkFk cq>kSoy vkfn dh n`f"V ls Hkh cqUnsyh cksyhle`) jgh gSA bl izdkj cqUnsyh ds fodkl dh tc ge ppkZ djrs gSa] rc d`".kykygal ds }kjk cqUnsyh fodkl ds rhuksa :i gekjs lkeus vk tkrs gSaA cqUnsyh dk fodklbUgha rhuksa ds varxZr Øe'k% gksrk gSA cqUnsyh lksygoha vkSj l=goha 'krkCnh esajktHkk"kk ds :i esa LFkkfir jgh gSA cqUnsyh ,d ,slh cksyh gS] ftls pkj lkS o"kksZa rdjktHkk"kk jgus dk xkSjo izkIr jgk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 23

cqUnsyh ds :i vkSj LFkkucqUnsyh ds :i vkSj LFkkucqUnsyh ds :i vkSj LFkkucqUnsyh ds :i vkSj LFkkucqUnsyh ds :i vkSj LFkku

cqUnsyh ,d foLr`r Hkw&Hkkx dh Hkk"kk gSA foLr`r :i gksus ds dkj.k blesa{ks=h; Lrjksa ij lkaLd`frd fopkjksa] ijEijkvksa ekU;rkvksa] jhfr&fjoktksa vkfn dkvknku&iznku gksrk gSA ;equk ds mRrjh Hkw&Hkkx ls ysdj ueZnk ds nf{k.k Hkw&Hkkxesa {ks=h; fofo/krk ds ifj.kkeLo:i cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dh {ks=h;rk ds fofHkUu Lo:i gesaizkIr gksrs gSaA dqN fuf’pr leku ewy izo`fRr;ksa ds ckotwn LFkkuh; fo’ks"krkvksa dsdkj.k ;g ¼cqUnsyh Hkk"kk½ LFkkuh; :i xzg.k djrh gS] ftUgsa ge micksyh ds :i esaifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSa ;k bUgsa ge cksyh ds {ks=h; :i Hkh dg ldrs gSaA

cksyh dh bl fofo/k {ks= :ikoyh dks MkW- d`".kyky gal us viuh iqLrd^cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i^ esa pkj Jsf.k;ksaa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS& ifjfuf"BrcqUnsyh] 'kq) cqUnsyh] fefJr cqUnsyh vkSj fod`r cqUnsyh

bu pkj izdkjksa ds varxZr gal th us cqUnsyh dh {ks=h;rk dks Li"V fd;k gSAcqUnsyh Hkk"kk ds :iksa dk mi;qZDr Js.khdj.k vuko';d izrhr gksrk gS] D;ksafd &

1- ifjfu"Br cqUnsyh bl vk/kkj ij 'kq) cqUnsyh ls vyx crkuk vlaxr gS fddkyfo'ks"k esa bls jpukdkjksa us viuh dkO;Hkk"kk Hkh cuk;k gSA oLrqr% cqUnsyh dkfodkl Øe'k% gqvk gS] mlesa le;&le; ij ifjorZu vk, gSaA

2- 'kq) cqUnsyh ij vU; lhekorhZ cksfy;ksa ds izHkko ds dkj.k og viuk ewy:i [kks nsrh gS] vFkok vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa ls lai`Dr gks tkrh gSA blfy;s ogfefJr gS vkSj ;gh feJ.k mls fod`fr iznku djrk gSA mi;qZDr foospuk ds vk/kkjij cqUnsyh dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 24

'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh

;g cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] ftlds varxZRk nfr;k] >k¡lh] Vhdex<+] Nrjiqjdk eè; vkSj if'peh Hkkx] fofn'kk] lkxj] tcyiqj ¼dVuh rglhy dks NksM+dj½]neksg] jk;lsu] gks'kaxkckn ¼flouh vkSj gjnk rglhy dks NksM+dj½ ,oa ujflagiqj{ks= vkrs gSaA

laiw.kZ fo'o esa izpfyr Hkk"kkvksa esa dksbZ Hkh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh iw.kZr;k 'kq) ughadgh tk ldrh] D;ksafd og U;wukf/kd ek=k esa vklikl dh Hkk"kk vFkok cksfy;ksa lsizHkkfor gksrh gSA ysfdu ;g FkksM+k cgqr izHkko mldks 'kq) :i esa iw.kZr% vyx ughadjrkA dekscs'k :i esa ;gh rF; cqUnsyh ds lanHkZ esa Hkh ykxw gksrs gSaA cqUnsyh esaloZx`ghr izo`fRr;ksa ds flok LFkkuh; izHkko blds vyx&vyx :iksa dks izLrqr djrsgSaA dqN {ks= ,sls Hkh gSa tgk¡ lhekorhZ cksfy;ksa ds izHkko ls cqUnsyh 'kr&izfr'kr eqDrgS vkSj blh {ks= dh cqUnsyh 'kq) vFkok ekud cqUnsyh dgh tk ldrh gSA

'kq) cqUnsyh ds {ks= dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

1- Hkfo";dkyhu fgUnh ds xk] xh] xs :iksa dk cqUnsyh esa vHkko gSA mnkgj.k dsfy, &p<+ pqdk gksxk &gqb,A p<+sxk&p<+gSA blh izdkj Fkk] Fkh] Fks ds LFkkuij rk] rh] rs :iksa dk iz;ksx O;og`r gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,&jtokM+k ughaFkk&jtokM+ksa ubZ grksA QksM+ yh Fkh& Qksj ybZ grhaA mM+ tkrs Fks&mM+tkrrsA

2- deZdkjd ijlxksZa esa [kksa vkSj dksa :iksa dk izpyu cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks=dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,& cgw csVh dks&cgqvu fcfV;u [kkas]fof/k dh xfr dks& fo/k dh xr dksaA

3- cqUnsyh ds 'kq) :i esa laKk dk cgqopu :i ^u^ vkSj ^vu^ izR;; yxkdjcuk;k tkrk gSA tSls& jktkvksa us&jktu us] vk¡[kksa&vk¡[ku] lSfud&lSfudu]yjfd;u&yjdu] lSfudksa&lsudu] yM+dkas&yjdu] yM+fd;ksa&yjfd;uA

4- dkjd ds deZ esa dkj.k ls ^lsa ds :i esa gh lnSo iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA;g izd`fr cqUnsyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk gS& iztk ls&ijtk lsa] lHkh ls&lcbZlsaA

5- gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr ,d lkekU; fo'ks"krk gS] ;gh fo'ks"krk mls 'kq) cqUnsyh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 25

izekf.kr djrh gS& dgrk&dsr] dkr] dgk&dbZ] mUgksaus&muusa] cgqrgh&HkkSrbZA

6- 'kq) cqUnsyh esa yksp vkSj ek/kq;Z dk viwoZ laxe gSA vusd Hkk"kk'kkL=h bls^e/kqj cksfy;ksa dk fljekSj^ dgrs gSaA ;g ek/kq;Z dBksj o.kZ M^ cqUnsyh esa j^,oa ^.k^ ds ^u^ esa ifjofrZr gksus ds dkj.k fn[kk;h nsrk gSA tSls&QksM+yha&Qksj ybZa] yM+us&yjcs] fcxkM+& fcxkjA

7- v)Z v{kj dks iw.kZ djds cksyus] fy[kus dh izo`fRr ik;h tkrh gSA tSls&iztk & ijtk] dtkZ&djtk] Hkze&HkjeA

8- 'kq) cqUnsyh esa LFkku&LFkku ij vuqLofjr mPpkj.k fn[kk;h nsrk gS &lquk&lquksa@lquha] dksbZ&dksum¡@ dksm@ dkm] mlus&Åus@ muusa@ ckusa]Hksnh us&Hksnh usaA

mi;qZDr fo'ks"krk,¡ cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks= dh gSa] tks fd Hkk"kk;h n`f"V lsekud cqUnsyh vFkok 'kq) cqUnsyh dk {ks= dgk tkrk gS] fdUrq ;s gh fo'ks"krk,¡ tcblh :i esa izkIr ugha gksrha vkSj vU; izHkkoksa lfgr iz;qDr gksrh gSa] rc ,sls :i dksge cqUnsyh dk fefJr :i dgrs gSaA

fefJr cqUnsyhfefJr cqUnsyhfefJr cqUnsyhfefJr cqUnsyhfefJr cqUnsyh

izR;sd Hkk"kk ;k cksyh dk ,d loZLohd`r :i rks gksrk gh gS vkSj nwljk fefJr:i gksrk gSA ;gh :i mls vU; cksyh ;k Hkk"kk ls i`Fkd~ vfLrRo iznku djrk gSAysfdu brus fo'kky tulewg dh viuh fof'k"Vrk,¡ gksrh gSa] tks mlds cksyh :idks Hkh izHkkfor djrh gSaA ifj.kker% mlesa fof'k"V izHkkoxr feJ.k mifLFkr gksrk gSAblh dkj.k bl izdkj ds cksyh :i dks ge fefJr cksyh:i dgrs gSaA cqUnsyh dsfefJr :i dks nks fcUnqvksa ij ns[kk tk ldrk gS &

LFkkuh; 'kCnkoyh dk izHkkoLFkkuh; 'kCnkoyh dk izHkkoLFkkuh; 'kCnkoyh dk izHkkoLFkkuh; 'kCnkoyh dk izHkkoLFkkuh; 'kCnkoyh dk izHkko

{ks= fo'ks"k ,oa tkfr fo'ks"k dh viuh fof'k"V dk;Z'kSyh ,oa ijaijk gksrh gS]ftldk izHkko ogk¡ dh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh ij Hkh Li"V ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA cqUnsyh ijHkh {ks=h;rk dk izHkko gqvk gS] ftls ge fefJr cqUnsyh ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrsgSaA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ckyk?kkV ftys ds yksf/k;ksa] i¡okjksa vkSj fNUnokM+k ftys ds ,oaukxiqj ds dksf"B;ksa ,oa dqEgkjksa }kjk iz;qDr gksrh cqUnsyhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 26

lhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkkolhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkkolhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkkolhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkkolhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkko

cqUnsyh {ks= ds pkjksa vksj fofHkUu cksfy;ksa dk izpyu gSA blds mRrj esaczt&dUukSth] nf{k.k esa ejkBh iwoZ esa vo/kh&c?ksyh&NRrhlx<+h ,oa if'pe esafuekM+h ,oa ekyoh cksfy;k¡ izpyu esa gSaA ijLij laidZ ds dkj.k bu cksfy;ksa dkizHkko cqUnsyh ij gqvk gSA ifj.kker% buds feJ.k ls cqUnsyh ds u;s :iksa dk tUegqvk gS tks cqUnsyh ds fefJr :i gSaA vU; cksfy;ksa ds lalxZ ls cqUnsyh ds tks u;s :iifjyf{kr gksrs gSa] mudk fo'ys"k.k fuEukuqlkj gS &

cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :icqUnsyh dk iwohZ :icqUnsyh dk iwohZ :icqUnsyh dk iwohZ :icqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i

cqUnsyh ds iwohZ fgLls esa tkykSu] gehjiqj] Nrjiqj dk iwohZ Hkkx] iUuk ,oatcyiqj ftyksa dk mRrjh Hkkx lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA iwohZ fgLls ds if'peksRrjesa 'kq) cqUnsyh dk tkykSu ftyk] cqUnsyh ,oa vo/kh ds la;qDr :i dk dUukSth Hkk"kh]dkuiqj mRrjh lhek ls cSlokM+h Hkk"kh] iwoksZRrj {ks= esa Qrsgiqj ftys esa c?ksyh] iwohZlhek ls nf{k.kh ,oa nf{k.k iwohZ lhek {ks= esa NRrhlx<+h vkSj cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dk {ks=]if'peh lhek ls tqM+k gqvk gSA lhekorhZ fofHkUu cksfy;ksa ds laidZ ls cqUnsyh us vusdvfHkuo :i /kkj.k fd;s gSaA

yks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh :iyks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh :iyks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh :iyks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh :iyks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh :i

gehjiqj ftys dk if'peksRrj Hkkx] jkB rglhy rFkk tkykSu ftys ds mjbZrglhy esa cqUnsyh dk izpfyr :i gSA bl :i dks yksf/k;ksa ,oa jkBkSjksa }kjk vf/kdla[;k esa iz;ksx djus ds dkj.k Øe'k% yks/kkUrh ,oa jkBkSjh dgk tkrk gSA MkW- tktZfxz;lZu us gehjiqj ,oa tkykSu ftyksa dks feykdj blds cksyus okyksa dh la[;k1]45]000 cryk;h gS] vkt budh la[;k c<+ x;h gSA bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa esa vksds LFkku ij ^vkS^] ^og^ ds LFkku ij ^cks ] ^;g^ ds LFkku ij ^tks ,oa ^dksa ] ^[kksa dsLFkku ij ^dk¡^] ^[kk¡^ izpfyr gSA

cukQjksa dh cukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjksa dh cukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjksa dh cukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjksa dh cukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjksa dh cukQjh cqUnsyh

cukQj {kf=;ksa ds }kjk cksyh tkus okyh cqUnsyh cukQjh uke ls vfHkfgr dhtkrh gSA bl :i ds vUrxZr gehjiqj ftys dk nf{k.kh iwohZ Hkkx vkrk gSA

cukQjh dk Hkh laiw.kZ {ks= leku ugha gSA blds lkFk orZeku esa izpfyrcukQjh vius izkphu Lo:i ls fHkUu gSA cukQjh ds izkphu Lo:i esa mnwZ] vjch Hkk"kk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 27

ds 'kCnksa ds lkFk cqUnsyh ds feJ.k ls ;qDr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gSaA mnkgj.k dsfy, ^ut+j^ 'kCn esa cqUnsyh dk ^r^ izR;; yxkdj cuk 'kCn ^utjr^@lykesa@ijokuks] [kRe ls [kkrek@[krebZ] vkQr ls vkQrbZ@vkQr esa blh izdkj ds 'kCngSaA

cukQjh Hkh c?ksyh fefJr cqUnsyh ,oa cqUnsyh fefJr c?ksyh nks :iksa esa feyrhgSA egksck pj[kkjh {ks= dh cukQjh blh izdkj dh gS] ftlesa c?ksyh dk feJ.k gSAbldh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

1- vf/kdka'k L=hfyax laKk,¡ ,dkjkUr gksrh gSa ,oa os lkuqukfld gks tkrh gSaAtSls & yM+fd;saA

2- bZdkjkUr L=hfyax laKk ds cgqopu :i esa ¼;k¡½ izR;; yxk;k tkrk gSAtSls&ekSaM+h] ekSafM+;k¡A

3- vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk,¡ vksdkjkUr mPpfjr gksrh gSa] tSls cgqopu :i esa,dkjkUr gks tkrh gSaA tSls& ?kksjks & ?kksjs] x/kjks & x/kjsA

4- laca/klwpd loZuke cukQjh esa ^ts vFkok ^T;k^ L=hfyax ds fy;s ^tk^fr;Zd :i esa ^tsg^ ^ts ^T;k^ gksrs gSaA ^lks dk :i c?ksyh dh rjg ^rksvFkok ^rksu^ gksrk gSA

5- cukQjh esa dkjdksa ds ijlxZ cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa ds iz;qDr gksrs gSaA

6- O;atuksa esa u^ ds LFkku ij y^ mPpfjr gksrk gS & tue&tye] uhe&yheAblds foijhr&y& ds LFkku ij u^ dk iz;ksx Hkh izpfyr gS&ydM+h&udM+h]ykus&ukusA

7- ^o^ ds LFkku ij ^e^ dk iz;ksx Hkh vusd 'kCnksa esa feyk gS & nhoku &nheku] toku & tekuA

8- cukQjh esa cqUnsyh ds vU; :iksa dh rjg Hkfo"; dkyokph gkSa] gks] gs] gS] gSa]gk¡ izR;;ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

9- viw.kZ Hkwrdky fØ;k esa ^grks vFkok ^jgs :iksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

10- cukQjh dh lkekU; Hkwrdkyhu fØ;k ds [kM+h cksyh vkSj iwohZ fgUnh dh rjg

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 28

nks :i gksrs gSaA bu nksuksa :iksa esa ldeZd fØ;k gksus ij dkyjpuk deZokP;esa gksrh gSA bl fLFkfr esa fØ;k ds fyax opu deZ ds fyax&opu dh rjggh gksrs gSa vU;Fkk fØ;k dk fyax iq#"k ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA tSals&iqfYyax&eSausekjks; ¼fdlh iqfYyax dks ekjk½] L=hfyax& eSaus ekj;w ¼fdlh L=hfyax dksekjk½] r`rh; iq#"k ,d opu esa ekfjl] ek#"k dk Hkh iz;ksx feyrk gSA

11- iw.kZ Hkwrdky esa ^gkSa izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tks okLro esa cqUnsyh dkHkfo";dky |ksrd gSA ;Fkk& ^eSa ekjgksa dk vFkZ cqUnsyh ds vU; :iksa^eSa ek:¡xk^ gksrk gS] fdUrq cukQjh esa bldk vFkZ gksrk ^eSaus ekjk^A ^ekjgksads LFkku ij ^ekjks gks dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA dqN LFkkuksa esa ^gksa ds LFkkuij grk;s & rFkk grks;^ izR;; dk Hkh iz;ksx feyrk gSA bu fo'ks"krkvksa dslkFk cqUnsyh&c?ksyh dk iw.kZ izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

cqUnsyh dk dqUnzh ¼dq.Mjh½ :icqUnsyh dk dqUnzh ¼dq.Mjh½ :icqUnsyh dk dqUnzh ¼dq.Mjh½ :icqUnsyh dk dqUnzh ¼dq.Mjh½ :icqUnsyh dk dqUnzh ¼dq.Mjh½ :i

dsu unh ds if'peh rVorhZ Hkkx dh c?ksyh ¼tks gehjiqj ftys esa fLFkr gS½dks Hkk"kk HkkSxksfyd vk/kkj ij dqUnzh^ uke ls iqdkjrs gSaA bl cqUnsyh :i ij cqUnsyh]c?ksyh vkSj voèkh dk izHkko feyrk gSA

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh

fuHkV~Vk] frjgkjh dk gh ,d :i dgykrk gS tks fd tkykSu ds if'pe ,oamRrj ds lhekorhZ LFkkuksa esa izpfyr gSA frjgkjh vkSj fuHkV~Vk esa QdZ bruk gS fdtgk¡ fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh iz/kku gS] ogha frjgkjh c?ksyh iz/kku gSA blds mRrjh fgLls ijdUukSth izHkko Hkh fn[kk;h iM+rk gSA

frjgkjh cqUnsyhfrjgkjh cqUnsyhfrjgkjh cqUnsyhfrjgkjh cqUnsyhfrjgkjh cqUnsyh

;equk unh ds ^rhj^ ¼fdukjs ;k rV ij½ ij cksys tkus ds dkj.k gh bls^frj&gkjh^ ¼rhjkokyh½ vFkok fdukjs okyh cksyh ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA bldsrhu ftys tkykSu] gehjiqj] ck¡nk ;equk ds nf{k.kh rV ij rFkk Qrsgiqj vkSj dkuiqjftys mRrjh rV ij gSaA ysfdu bu ik¡p ftyksa dh frjgkjh Hkh vU; cksfy;ksa ds izHkkods dkj.k fHkUu&fHkUu :i fy;s gq, gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tkykSu vkSj gehjiqj ftyscqUnsyh Hkk"kh] ck¡nk vo/kh vkSj c?ksyh ls izHkkfor] dkuiqj] dUukSth Hkk"kh vkSj Qrsgiqjvo/kh ds :i cSlokM+h dk izHkko fy, gq, gSA blh izdkj bu :iksa ij Hkh ,d

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 29

lhekorhZ cksyh dk izHkko nwljh ij gSA bl izdkj dgha frjgkjh cqUnsyh iz/kku gS rksdgha vU; cksyh iz/kku gS] ysfdu lHkh :i fefJr gh dgs tk ldrs gSaA

iwohZ {ks= ds vU; :iiwohZ {ks= ds vU; :iiwohZ {ks= ds vU; :iiwohZ {ks= ds vU; :iiwohZ {ks= ds vU; :i

1- iUuk ftys dh vt;x<+ rglhy dk cksyh:i & bl rglhy dk vf/kdka'kHkkx 'kq) cqUnsyh ds vUrxZr gS] fdUrq bldk iwohZ lhekorhZ Hkkx ,oa nf{k.khiwohZ Hkkx c?ksyh ls tqM+k gksus ds dkj.k bu fgLlksa esa c?ksyh dk feJ.kfeyrk gSA

2- dVuh dk cksyh:i& dVuh {ks= eq[;r% cqUnsyh lhek ds vf/kd fudV gS]blh dkj.k ;g c?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnsyh dk fgLlk dgk tk ldrk gSA

3- tcyiqj rglhy dk cksyh:i & tcyiqj rglhy nf{k.k esa flouh ftys lsvkSj iwoZ esa ujflagiqj ls layXu gSA bldk iwohZ Hkkx c?ksyh ls vkSj nf{k.khHkkx dh cksyh e.Myk ds fefJr :i ls izHkkfor gS] fdUrq nf{k.k vkSjif'peh Hkkx dh cksyh yxHkx 'kq) cqUnsyh gSA

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd cqUnsyh ds iwohZ fgLls tkykSu ls ysdj nf{k.khfgLls tcyiqj rd ds lHkh cksyh:i c?ksyh izHkkfor gSaA dgha ;g izHkko ;k feJ.kde gS rks dgha vf/kd ek=k esa gS] ysfdu dgha Hkh 'kq) :i ugha gSA c?ksyh vkSjcqUnsyh dk fefJr :i gh izpyu esa gS] tks cqUnsyh ds fefJr :i ds vUrxZr gh gSAblfy, lHkh iwoZ fgLlksa ds cksyh:iksa dks c?ksyh fefJr cqUnsyh :i gh dg ldrs gSaA

cqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :icqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :icqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :icqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :icqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :i

cqUnsyh ds nf{k.kh {ks= ds varxZr vkus okys {ks=ksa ds ckjs esa Hkk"kkoSKkfudksa]fo}kuksa esa erHksn gSA dqN fo}ku~ tgk¡ blds {ks= esa cSrwy] fNUnokM+k] flouh rFkkckyk?kkV ftys lfEefyr djrs gSa] ogha dqN fo}ku bl {ks=kUrxZr cSrwy ftys dksNksM+rs gSa] rks dqN ckyk?kkV ftys dks nf{k.kh {ks= ds varxZr lfEefyr ugha djrs gSaA2 jlsy us cSrwy ftys dh cksyh dks ekyoh ds vUrxZr j[kk gS] D;ksafd bl {ks= dsfuoklh ekyoh dk iz;ksx gh djrs gSaA

blh izdkj MkW- fxz;lZu us Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds losZ{k.k ds nkSjku ik;k fdckyk?kkV ftys ds cksyh:i esa c?ksyh ,oa ejkBh dk la;qDr :i fo|eku gSA blhdkj.k fxz;lZu us bls nf{k.k dh fod`r cksfy;ksa ds vUrxZr LFkku fn;k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 30

nf{k.k {ks= ds cqUnsyh :inf{k.k {ks= ds cqUnsyh :inf{k.k {ks= ds cqUnsyh :inf{k.k {ks= ds cqUnsyh :inf{k.k {ks= ds cqUnsyh :ifNUnokM+k ftys dk cqUnsyh :i %& ¼lwpd Ø-& 1½

fNUnokM+k ftys dks] cqUnsyh ds nf{k.kh {ks= ds varxZr izeq[krk ls lfEefyrfd;k tkrk gSA bl ftys ds nf{k.k esa ukxiqj ftyk tks ejkBh Hkk"kh gS] mRrjh lhekij ujflagiqj rFkk gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh {ks=] if'peh esa ekyoh dk cSrwy ftyk ,oaiwoZ esa cqUnsyh Hkk"kh flouh ftyk gSA blh dkj.k bl {ks= ds cqUnsyh :i dh ,dvthcks&xjhc fLFkfr cu xbZ gSA lhekorhZ {ks=ksa dks NksM+dj blds e/; Hkkx esa ghcqUnsyh dk vkf/kD; feyrk gSA fNUnokM+k ftys esa fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa dh izeq[krkgS vkSj tu&tkfr;ksa dh cksyh cqUnsyh gksrs gq, Hkh tkfrxr fof'k"Vrk ls lEi`Dr gSAbl dkj.k cqUnsyh ds bl {ks= esa fofHkUu tkfrxr :i fo|eku gSaA bUgha cqUnsyh :iksadks MkW- fxz;lZu3 us fod`r cqUnsyh :iksa dh laKk iznku dh gS] D;ksafd buesa ejkBh ,oac?ksyh ds feJ.k ls vusd u;s 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA bl {ks= esa dksf"B;ksa dhdks"Bh] fdjkjksa dh fdjkjh] dqEgkjksa dh dqEgkjh] Xokyksa dh xkvksyh] j?kqoaf'k;ksa dhj?kqoa'kh tSls cksyh:i izpfyr gSaA

;gk¡ ij ge pkSjbZ rglhy ds diqj/kk xzke ls izkIr cqUnsyh dk uewuk izLrqrdj jgs gSa] tks cqUnsyh Hkk"kh flouh ftys ds fudV gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;g LFkkucqUnsyh ds vfèkd fudV gSA ;gk¡ dh cqUnsyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu gSa &

1- cqUnsyh ds Hkfo";dkyhu :i & [kkÅaxk&[kkagw¡] d:¡xk&djgw¡] tkm¡xk&tkgw¡vkfn ;gk¡ feyrs gSaA ^grs ds fy, ^fgrs 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~;dk izrhd gSA

2- deZdkjd foHkfDr ^[kkSa ds LFkku ij ^[ksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA

3- ^Luku dj jgh^ ds fy, [kSjjbZ 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkku oSf'k"V~; dk izrhd gSA

4- ^vdkjkUr^ dks vksdkjkUr^ ,oa ,dkjkUr^ dk ,sdkjkUr^ cqUnsyh dh rjg ghfo|eku gSaA

5- cqUnsyh dh ,d fo'ks"krk ^gdkj^ yksihdj.k gS] ijUrq bl {ks= dk cksyh:i'kq) cqUnsyh ugha rks cqUnsyh ds vf/kd fudV vo'; dgk tk ldrk gSA

6- yM+dk ds fy;s Vwjk] yM+dh ds fy;s Vwjh 'kCn o iz;ksxA

7- cgqopu ds fy, vu izR;; yxk;k tkrk gS&nwfj;ksa&nqfj;uA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 31

flouh ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & flouh ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & flouh ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & flouh ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & flouh ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 2½

flouh fMfLVªDV xtsfV;j esa Jh jlsy us bl ftys esa cqUnsyh cksyus okykas dh

la[;k frjiu izfr'kr cryk;h gS] 'ks"k ejkBh ,oa xksaMh cksyus okys gSaA blds iwoZ esa

^NRrhlx<+h^& cqansyh dk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA ckdh lhekvksa ij NRrhlx<+h ,oa

ejkBh izHkkfor cqUnsyh dk :i izkIr gksrk gSA flouh dk cj?kkV {ks= blh izdkj dk

fefJr {ks= gSA

ckyk?kkV ftys dk cqUnsyh :ickyk?kkV ftys dk cqUnsyh :ickyk?kkV ftys dk cqUnsyh :ickyk?kkV ftys dk cqUnsyh :ickyk?kkV ftys dk cqUnsyh :i

tSlk fd ge iwoZ esa Li"V dj pqds gSa fd ckyk?kkV ftyk cqUnsyh ds vUrxZr

lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;ksasfd bl {ks= esa ejkBh fefJr c?ksyh dk iz;ksx

vf/kd gSA ckyk?kkV dh cqUnsyh ds lEcU/k esa lj fxz;lZu dk er gS fd & ckyk?kkV

esa ejkBh ds ,d :i ds vfrfjDr iwohZ fgUnh ds :i cksys tkrs gSa] tks c?ksyh ds

fefJr :i gSaA bl ftys ds yksèkh tkfr ds yksx tks cksyh cksyrs gSa] og cqUnsyh vkSj

ejkBh dk fefJr :i gSA^4

ckyk?kkV xtsfV;j ds ys[kd lh-bZ-yks ds erkuqlkj bl ftys ds vkfnokfl;ksa

ds vfrfjDr fgUnw ifjokjksa dh cksyh ejkBh fefJr fgUnh gSA buesa ls bl ftys esa

cls i¡okj c?ksyh vkSj ejkBh fefJr cqansyh :i cksyrs gSa vkSj yks/kh cqUnsyh vkSj ejkBh

dk fefJr :i cksyrs gSaA

cqUnsyh ds if'peh :icqUnsyh ds if'peh :icqUnsyh ds if'peh :icqUnsyh ds if'peh :icqUnsyh ds if'peh :i

cqUnsyh ds if'peh {ks= ds varxZr f'koiqjh] xquk vkSj fofn'kk ftys dk if'peh

Hkkx] lhgksj ¼vk"Vk rglhy NksM+dj½ Hkksiky dh flouh ¼ekyok½ ,oa gks'kaxkckn dh

gjnk rglhysa ,oa eqjSuk dh ';ksiqj rglhy ¼eqjSuk dk if'peh Hkkx½ vkrs gSaA fofn'kk

dk if'peh fgLlk lhgksj rglhy dk Hkh if'peh {ks= rFkk gks'kaxkckn ds cqUnsyh

fgLls dk if'peh Hkkx ekyoh dh lhekvksa dks Li'kZ djrk gSA blh rjg eqjSuk dh

';ksiqj rglhy dh mRrjh ,oa if'peh lhek ls jktLFkku dh iwohZ lhek] iwohZ lhek

ls eqjSuk dk Hknkojh Hkk"kk {ks= rFkk nf{k.k esa jktLFkkuh Hkk"kh {ks= fLFkr gSA blh

dkj.k bu lhekorhZ cksfy;ksa dk izHkko cqUnsyh ij gSA blh feJ.k ;k izHkko ds dkj.k

cqUnsyh us fofHkUu {ks=h; :i /kkj.k fd;s gSaA cqUnsyh ds if'peh {ks= ds fofHkUu cqqansyh

:iksa dk ftysokj fo'ys"k.k &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 32

1- eqjsubZ & eqjsubZ oLrqr% eqjSuk ftys esa iz;qDr fd, tkus okys cqUnsyh :iksa dkuke gSA eqjSuk dh cqUnsyh ds mRrj] nf{k.k ,oa if'pe dh vksj jktLFkkuhcksyh dk {ks= gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd bu lhekorhZ fgLlksa dh cqUnsyh ijjktLFkkuh dk Li"V izHkko gSA cksyh ;k Hkk"kk dh izo`fRr gksrh gS fd blds{ks=h; Lrj ij Hkh vusd iz{ks= gksrs tkrs gSa] ;gh izo`fRr eqjsubZ esa Hkh ns[khtk ldrh gSA eqjsubZ ds Hkh fuEu LFkkuh; iz{ks= gSa &

v- ';ksiqjh & jktLFkkuh lhek ds fudV gksus ls bl {ks= esa cqUnsyh dk dejktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dk izpyu vf/kd izpfyr gSA blh dkj.k ge blsjktLFkkuh iz/kku cqUnsyh dg ldrs gSaA bl {ks= dh cqUnsyh esa jktLFkkuh][kM+h cksyh ,oa cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa dk la;qDr izpyu fo|eku gSA

c- eqjSuk dh fot;iqjh & fot;iqjh eqjSuk ds fot;iqj iz{ks= dh micksyh gS] tksfd Xokfy;j ftys esa if'peh lhek ,oa ';ksiqj rglhy dh iwohZ lhek ds eè;fLFkr gSA blds ,d vksj fldjokjh rks nwljh vksj [kM+h cksyh izèkku cqUnsyhdk Xokfy;jh :i ekStwn gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl {ks= dh cksyh esa czt ,oaekyoh nksuksa cksfy;ksa dk la;qDr izHkko n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA

l- if'peh eqjSuk dh cM+kSnbZ & eqjSuk ds nf{k.k vkSj if'pe esa cM+kSnk vofLFkrgSA ;gk¡ ij izpfyr cqUnsyh :i Hkh oLrqr% jktLFkkuh iz/kku cqUnsyh dgktk ldrk gS] ftlesa [kM+h cksyh dk Hkh ;ksxnku gSA

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd if'pe eqjSuk ftys dh cksyh cqUnsyh&jktLFkkuhiz/kku cqUnsyh gh gSA fot;iqj {ks= ls ge tSls&tSls if'pe dh vksj c<+rs tkrs gSa]cqUnsyh dk izHkko de vfirq jktLFkkuh dk izHkko Øe'k% c<+rk tkrk gSA ge tSls gh';ksiqj ls if'pe dh vksj c<+rs gSa] ogk¡ cqUnsyh lekIr lh izrhr gksrh gS vkSjjktLFkkuh izkjaHk gks tkrh gSA

f'koiqjh dh if'peh cqUnsyh & f'koiqjh dh if'peh cqUnsyh & f'koiqjh dh if'peh cqUnsyh & f'koiqjh dh if'peh cqUnsyh & f'koiqjh dh if'peh cqUnsyh & ¼lwpd Ø-& 5½

cqUnsyh ds if'peh :iksa ds vUrxZr f'koiqjh dk if'peh {ks= vofLFkr gSAf'koiqjh dk ;g {ks= jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ls lai`Dr gSaA fQj Hkh bl fgLls ds dbZ Hkkx,sls gSa tks cqUnsyh izèkku gh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^dksykjl^A dksykjl esa cksyh dkxBu cqUnsyh dk gh gS] tcfd FkksM+k cgqr izHkko jktLFkkuh dk gSA eqjSuk ds if'pehfgLls dh rjg f'koiqjh ds if'peh fgLls esa jktLFkkuh dk izHkko vR;Yi gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 33

xquk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & xquk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & xquk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & xquk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & xquk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & ¼lwpd Ø-& 6½

cqUnsyh ds if'peh :i ds vUrxZr xquk ds if'peh {ks= dh lhek ls jktLFkkuhdh lhek js[kk vkdj feyrh gS vkSj blh lhek {ks= ds nf{k.k esa ekyoh dk izHkko{ks= fLFkr gSA bl izdkj if'peh xquk ds if'peh {ks= esa jktLFkkuh ,oa ekyoh dkizHkko ,d lkFk cqUnsyh esa feyrk gSA rqyukRed izHkko dh n`f"V ls bl {ks= esajktLFkkuh dh vis{kk ekyoh dk izHkko vf/kd feyrk gSA blfy;s bl {ks= dh cqUnsyhdks ekyoh iz/kku cqUnsyh dgk tk ldrk gSA

fofn'kk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & fofn'kk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & fofn'kk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & fofn'kk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & fofn'kk dh if'peh cqUnsyh & ¼lwpd Ø-& 17½

if'peh fofn'kk nf{k.kh xquk dh iwohZ lhek ij fLFkr gSA if'peh fofn'kk dk{ks= Hkh ekyoh ds izHkko ls iw.kZr% oafpr ugha gS] pw¡fd ekyoh {ks= ls ;gk¡ rdvkrs&vkrs ekyoh dk izHkko ukeek= gh jg tkrk gSA jktLFkkuh lhek Hkh ;gk¡ lsnwj gS] blh dkj.k ;g {ks= cqUnsyh iz/kku] vR;Yi ek=k esa jktLFkkuh ,oa ekyoh dkizHkko fy;s gS vkSj blh dkj.k bls cqUnsyh ds fefJr :iksa esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA

if'peh gks'kaxkckn dh cqUnsyh & if'peh gks'kaxkckn dh cqUnsyh & if'peh gks'kaxkckn dh cqUnsyh & if'peh gks'kaxkckn dh cqUnsyh & if'peh gks'kaxkckn dh cqUnsyh & ¼lwpd Ø- 3½

if'peh gks'kaxkckn dks Hkh cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= ds varxZr lfEefyr fd;k tkldrk gSA ;|fi bl {ks= esa gjnk] flouh rglhysa vkrh gSaA ;gk¡ cqUnsyh izHkkforekyoh vf/kd gSA bVkjlh ds if'pe dh vksj Øe'k% c<+us ij ekyoh dk izHkko c<+rktkrk gS] tks fd èkjedq.Mh rd igq¡prs rd vk/kh cqUnsyh ,oa vk/kh ekyoh ds feJ.kls ;qDr gS] tcfd flouh esa ;g izfr'kr ekyoh dk vf/kd gSA

lhgksj dk cqUnsyh {ks=lhgksj dk cqUnsyh {ks=lhgksj dk cqUnsyh {ks=lhgksj dk cqUnsyh {ks=lhgksj dk cqUnsyh {ks=

cqUnsyh ds if'peh {ks= ds varxZr lhgksj ftys dks Hkh LFkku fn;k tkrk gSAbl ftys ds if'peksRrj esa 'kktkiqj ,oa if'pe esa nsokl ftyk gS tks fd ekyoh Hkk"khgSA blh izdkj ekyoh Hkk"kh jktx<+ ftys dh iwohZ lhek Hkh lhgksj ls feyrh gSAekyoh izHkkfor cqUnsyh rd fofn'kk ftyk lhgksj dh iwoksZRrj lhek ls tqM+k gqvk gSAblh izdkj lhgksj dh nf{k.kh lhek gks'kaxkckn ftys dh flouh rglhy dh mRrjhlhek dk Li'kZ djrh gS tks fd ekyoh izèkku cqUnsyh dk gSA ;|fi lhgksj ftys esacqUnsyh cksyh tkrh gS] ysfdu mlesa ekyoh dk feJ.k vf/kd gSA blfy, bl {ks=dh cksyh dks ekyoh iz/kku cqUnsyh dk {ks= dgk tk ldrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 34

cqUnsyh ds if'peh {ks= ds vUrxZr vusd fo}ku vk"Vk] Hkksiky] gjnk vkfn{ks=ksa dks Hkh lfEefyr djrs gSa] ijUrq vk"Vk {ks= esa ekyoh dk Li"V izHkko gSA cqUnsyh'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ukeek= ds fy, gh fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj Hkksiky {ks= esa eqfLyelH;rk ,oa laLd`fr ds izHkko ds dkj.k ;gk¡ Hkh cqUnsyh ukeek= ds fy;s gh gS vkSjml ij mnwZ ,oa [kM+h cksyh ds izHkko dk vkf/kD; gSA blh rjg gks'kaxkckn dh gjnkrglhy esa cqUnsyh izHkkfor ekyoh vkSj fuekM+h dk feJ.k gS] ftls ^Hkqokus uke dhcksyh:i esa tkuk tkrk gSA

ge dg ldrs gSa fd fefJr cqUnsyh ds if'peh :i ds varxZr ftrus Hkh ftys;k {ks= gSa] muesa ls ipkl izfr'kr jktLFkkuh izHkkfor rks ipkl izfr'kr ekyohizHkkfor {ks= gSA dgha Hkh cqUnsyh dk 'kq) :i vFkok vU; cksyh dk iw.kZr% 'kq) :iizkIr ugha gksrk gSA blh dkj.k bu {ks=ksa dh cqUnsyh dks fefJr :i ds vUrxZr j[krs gSaA

cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :icqUnsyh dk mRrjh :icqUnsyh dk mRrjh :icqUnsyh dk mRrjh :icqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i

MkW- d`".kyky gal us vius 'kks/kxzaFk cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :i^ esa cqUnsyh ds mRrjh:i dh tks lhek,¡ nh gSa mlds vuqlkj& ^e/;izns'k ds mRrjh ftys ¼eqjSuk] ';ksiqjrglhy dks NksM+dj½ fHk.M vkSj Xokfy;j ftyk mRrjh {ks= ds vUrxZr gSA budsvfrfjDr mRrjizns'k ds vkxjk] eSuiqjh vkSj bVkok ftys ds e/;izns'k ds bu mRrjhftyksa ls yxs gq, dqN nf{k.kh Hkkx Hkh blh {ks= ds varxZr ekus tkus pkfg,A^ okLroesa ns[kk tk;s rks cqUnsyh Xokfy;j] fHk.M] eqjSuk rhu ftyksa esa feyrh gSA ckdhmRrjizns'k ds vkxjk] eSuiqjh] bVkok ftys esa dUukSth ,oa czt fefJr cqUnsyh dk {ks=gSA ;g ,d thoar lR; gS fd fdlh Hkh cksyh dh ,d fuf'pr lhekjs[kk ugha [khaphtk ldrhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bu lhekorhZ mRrjizns'k ,oa e/;izns'k ds ftyksa dkcksyh:i fefJr cksyh:i gS] ftlesa dgha cqUnsyh dk izHkko vf/kd gS rks dgha cqUnsyhij czt ,oa dUukSth dk izHkko vf/kd gSA

pacy unh ds fdukjs dk lkjk Hkw&Hkkx tkfr lewgksa ds vk/kkj ij foHkkftr gS]ftls ^?kkj^ ds ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr leqnk;ksa ds fuokl LFkkuksads vk/kkj ij ;s LFkku ,oa budk cksyh :i Øe'k% fldjokj ?kkj ls fldjokjh] rksej¼raoj?kkj½ ls raoj?kkjh] Hknkoj ?kkj ls Hknkojh] jtiwr ?kkj ls jtiwr ?kkjh] tkVo?kkjls tVokjh] xwtj /kkj ls xwtj?kkjh ,oa dNok; ?kkj ls dNok;?kkjh uke ls foU;LrgSA bu {ks=ksa esa cqUnsyh dqN ifjorZuksa ds lkFk fo|eku gSA cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= dsmRrjiwohZ laf/k&LFkyksa ij bu ifjorZuksa dks Li"V :i ls vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 35

Xokfy;j ftyk rksej jktiwrksa dk 'kklu LFky jgk gS vkSj blh dkj.k blftys ds cksyh:i dks rksejh vFkok rksejx<+h ds uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gS] tks orZekuesa raoj?kkjh uke ls Hkh izpfyr gSA blh izdkj bl ftys ds mRrj&if'peh Hkkx esacqUnsyh dk Hknkojh :i izpfyr gSA ;gk¡ ds cksyh:i esa [kM+h cksyh dk izHkko Hkhns[kus dks feyrk gSA ,sfrgkfld ?kVukØe ds vk/kkj ij Xokfy;j {ks= esa tSls&tSlsge mRrj dh vksj c<+rs tkrs gSa] cqUnsyh esa czt dk feJ.k Hkh c<+rk tkrk gSA ¼lwpdØ-& 19½

Xokfy;j ftys dh cqUnsyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk;sa fuEu gSa &

1- cqUnsyh ds vU; iq#"k m;s] Åus] muus] muis] muds vkfn :iksa ds fy, bl{ks= esa ck;s] ckus] fcuus] fcuis tSls :i iz;qDr fd;s tkrs gSaA

2- cqUnsyh ds f}rh; iq#"k rqe^ dk laca/k dkjd :i rqekjks vFkok rqekvks ;gk¡ds cksyh:i esa rso ds :i esa O;og`r fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& rso yksx&rqEgkjkifrA rso eksM+k & rqEgkjk cPpkA

3- gdkj yksihdj.k dh izo`fRr cqUnsyh dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS tks fd ;gk¡Li"V :i ls ns[kh tk ldrh gS] tSls& dgr&dr] Ånu'kkg&Ånu'kk;]cgqr&HkksrA

4- vdkjkUr dk ,dkjkUr :i Hkh ;gk¡ nz"VO; gS] tSls& rjg & rjS] dg &dSA

5- L=hfyax drkZ ds dgu 'kCn ds fy, ;gk¡ dr 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh;oSf'k"V~; dk izrhd gSA

eqjSuk ftys dk cqUnsyh :i eqjSuk ftys dk cqUnsyh :i eqjSuk ftys dk cqUnsyh :i eqjSuk ftys dk cqUnsyh :i eqjSuk ftys dk cqUnsyh :i ¼lwpd Ø-& 17½

bl ftys dk cqUnsyh :i Xokfy;j ftys ls vf/kd fHkUu ugha gSA Xokfy;j {ks=ls mRrj dh vksj c<+us ij cqUnsyh esa czt dk feJ.k gksrk tkrk gS] ogh fLFkfr eqjSukftys dh Hkh gSA eqjSuk ftys ds iwoksZRrj tkus ij blds lhekorhZ dUukSth dk izHkkoLi"V n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA bl ftys ds cqUnsyh :i dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu gSa] tSls &

1- ,dkjkUr ds LFkku ,sdkjkUr dk iz;ksx czt dh fo'ks"krk dk izek.k gS] tks bl{ks= esa ns[kus dks feyrk gS] tSls& dgrs Fks & dgkrS] ekurs & ekurSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 36

2- lehdj.k dh izo`fRr Hknkojh dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] tks bl {ks= dscqUnsyh :i esa Li"V gS] tSls& ekurs Fks & ekurS] tkurs gSa & tkur] cSBkfn, & cSBkn;A

3- 'kCnkUr esa ^vk;^ izR;; dk iz;ksx feyrk gS] tSls& [khap&f[kapck;] gjck&gjck;] djck & djck;] cuok & cuck;A

4- ^og^ vU; iq#"k ,d opu ds fy, ^cw 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~; dkizrhd gS] tSls& og dgrk Fkk&cw dgr rksA

5- vusd vdkjkUr laKk 'kCnksa dk bdkjkUr :i esa iz;ksx djus dh izo`fRr czt,oa dUukSth ds izHkko dh vksj bafxr djrh gS] ckn & ckfn] Nfo & NcA

6- gdkj yksihdj.k ,oa vuqukfldrk cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh gSaA

fHk.M dk cqUnsyh :i fHk.M dk cqUnsyh :i fHk.M dk cqUnsyh :i fHk.M dk cqUnsyh :i fHk.M dk cqUnsyh :i ¼lwpd Ø-&&&&& 18½

cqUnsyh ds mRrjh :i ds varxZr fHk.M ftyk Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSAlhekorhZ ftyk gksus ds dkj.k ;gk¡ ds cksyh:i ij czt vkSj dUukSth dk izHkko gSAbl {ks= dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu gSa &

1- 'kCnksa ds e/; v{kj dks v)Z v{kj djus dh izo`fRr dUukSth ds izHkko dksn'kkZrh gS] tSls & tkurs & tkUr] ekurs & ekUr] feyrs & feYrA

2- Hknkojh dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk lehdj.k o`fRr gS tks fd ;gk¡ ds cksyh :iij Hkh Li"V fn[kk;h iM+rk gSA tSls& gn dj nh & gn~nbZ dj nbZ] j[k&/kn~nbZ] cjlk & cLlks] cSBk fn;s & cSBkn~n;A

3- ^dg^ ds fy, ^dl^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~; dk izrhd gS] vU;fo'ks"krk,¡ cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh gSaA

ge dg ldrs gSa fd Xokfy;j] eqjSuk] fHk.M ,oa mRrjizns'k ds vkxjk] eSuiqjhvkSj bVkok ftyksa ds cksyh:i cgqr dqN lekurk ds /kjkry ij izokfgr gSaA izkphudky ls gh bu ftyksa dh lkaLd`frd ,drk Hkh buds ,dRo dks lajf{kr djrh gSA;gk¡ rd fd bu {ks=ksa dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr Hkh leku gSA cksyh:i Hkh ukeek= dsvarj ls O;og`r gS] blfy, ;gk¡ ds cqUnsyh :iksa esa ewyHkwr lekurk dks vLohd`r ughafd;k tk ldrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 37

'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh'kq) cqUnsyh

cqUnsyh dk 'kq) {ks= ;k e/;orhZ {ks=

cqansyh cksyh foLr`r Hkw&Hkkx dh Lokfeuh gSA mldk viuk fo'kky izlkj {ks=gS] tgk¡ blds iz;ksxdrkZ cM+h la[;k esa miyC/k gSaA blh {ks= ds chpksa chp tks Hkkxvkrk gS] mls gh cqUnsyh dk e/;orhZ {ks= dgk tkrk gSA pw¡fd bl {ks= dh cqUnsyh]Hkk"kkbZ n`f"Vdks.k ls ekud vFkok 'kq) gS] blfy;s bls 'kq) cqUnsyh dk {ks= ekuktkrk gSA

bl {ks= ds vUrxZr >k¡lh] Vhdex<+] nfr;k] lkxj] neksg] fofn'kk ¼if'pehHkkx ds vykok½ Nrjiqj ,oa iUuk ftys dk if'peh fgLlk ujflagiqj rFkk tcyiqjftys dk if'peh Hkkx] xquk ,oa f'koiqjh dk iwohZ Hkkx ,oa gks'kaxkckn dk e/;iwohZftyk vkrk gSA

;FkkFkZr% ns[kk tk; rks fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh dk laiw.kZ {ks= ,d Lo:iugha fy, gksrk gS] D;ksafd ijEijkvksa ,oa LFkku ifjorZu ds dkj.k cksyh fo'ks"k esaLFkkuh;rk dk izHkko iM+rk gSA ifj.kker% cksyh:iksa esa fHkUurk Li"V izrhr gksus yxrhgS] tks LokHkkfod gSA dgkor Hkh gS fd& ^pkj dksl ij ikuh cnys] vkB dksl ijckuh^A cqUnsyh ds lhekorhZ {ks=ksa esa c?ksyh] dUukSth] NRrhlx<+h] ekyoh] ejkBh] czt,oa jktLFkkuh tSlh cksfy;k¡ izpfyr gaS] ftudk cqUnsyh ij Li"V izHkko gS vkSj blhizHkko us cqUnsyh ds vusd fefJr :iksa dks tUe fn;k gS] fdUrq cqUnsyh dk e/; {ks=bu cksfy;ksa ls nwj gS] blfy, ;gk¡ 'kq) cqUnsyh :i gSA 'kq) cqUnsyh ls rkRi;Z blvizHkkfor {ks= dh cksyh ls gS] tks cqUnsyh iz/kku gSA bu ftyksa esa dqN fHkUurkvksa dslkFk cqansyh vius 'kq) :i esa fo|eku gS] ftldk fooj.k bl izdkj gS&

cqUnsyh dk ekud & >k¡lh cqUnsyh dk ekud & >k¡lh cqUnsyh dk ekud & >k¡lh cqUnsyh dk ekud & >k¡lh cqUnsyh dk ekud & >k¡lh ¼lwpd Ø-& 12½

>k¡lh ftyk cqUnsyh Hkwfe ,oa cqUnsyh dk vk/kkj {ks= gSA Hkk"kkfoKku blh {ks=dks cqUnsyh ds fo'ys"k.k dk eq[; vk/kkj cukrs gSaA ;g cqUnsyh ds e/; Hkkx esa fLFkrgS] tks fdlh vU; cksyh ls iw.kZr% vizHkkfor gSA blh dkj.k Hkk"kkoSKkfud bls 'kq)cqUnsyh dk {ks= dgrs gSaA bl {ks= dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa &

v- gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr cqUnsyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] tks gesa >k¡lh dh cqUnsyhesa Li"V fn[kk;h nsrk gSA mnkgj.kr% & mnu'kkg & mnu'kk;] mUgksaus &muus] cgw & cÅ] igq¡ph & iksaphA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 38

c- cqUnsyh esa laKk 'kCnksa dks cgqopu :i esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, u^ ,oa ,^

izR;; yxk;s tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k Lo:i & lSfud & lSfudu] vkneh &

vknfe;u] cgw & cÅ,sa] eksM+h & eksfM+;saA

l- >k¡lh {ks= dh cqUnsyh esa 'kCnksa ds la;qDr :i Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy;s&iM+rs gh & ijrubZa] tSls gh& tSlbZ] Luku dj jgh &

lij~jbZA

n- cqUnsyh esa vdkjkUr laKk ,oa fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk mPpkj.k :i vksdkjkUr gks

tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd >k¡lh dh cqUnsyh esa Hkh ;g izo`fRr Li"V

n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gS& jtokM+k & jtokM+ks] /kksd & /kksdks] gksrk & gksrksA

;- ^ysfdu^ 'kCn ds fy, cqUnsyh ds {ks= esa vusd 'kCn iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA

tSls& iS] ijUrq bR;kfnA ijUrq >k¡lh ftys esa ysfdu ds fy, ^vdsys 'kCn

dk iz;ksx ns[kus dks feyrk gS] tks {ks=xr fof'k"Vrk izrhr gksrh gSA

j- cqUnsyh esa r`rh; iq#"k og^ ,d opu loZuke ds fy, cks vFkok vksdkjkUr

^ckS 'kCn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA izLrqr mnkgj.k esa ^og^ ds fy, ^Å^ 'kCn dk

iz;ksx feyrk gS & Å dj ySgs tks dke] re usa djksA

y- cqUnsyh dk laiw.kZ {ks= gh lkuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr fy, gq, gS] ftldk :i

>k¡lh {ks= esa Hkh feyrk gS& mUgksaus&muusa] ugha&ubZa] grh&grha] ls&lsaA

o- cqUnsyh Hkk"kh izns'k esa fgUnh ds Hkwrdkyokph Fkk] Fkh] Fks :iksa dk iz;ksx grks]

grh] grs :iksa esa gksrk gS] ftldk izpyu >k¡lh {ks= esa Hkh feyrk gS & vPNs

Fks & vPNs grs] nq[kh ugha Fkk& nq[kh ubZ grks] QkStsa Fkha& QkSts grhaA

'k- lkekU; fgUnh ds Hkfo"; okph izR;; x] xh] xs dk iz;ksx cqUnsyh esa vU;

:iksa esa feyrk gS] tks >k¡lh {ks= esa Hkh izpfyr gS& gksxk&gqbZ,] p<+sxk&p<+gS]

p<+ pqdk gksxk&p<+ pqdks gqb,A

mi;qZDr mnkgj.k ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd >k¡lh ftyk cqUnsyh

dk ekud {ks= gS] ftldh fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ge cqUnsyh ds fdlh Hkh {ks=

fo'ks"k dh cqUnsyh dk ijh{k.k ,oa fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 39

2- yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh 2- yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh 2- yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh 2- yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh 2- yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh ¼lwpd Ø-& 11½

>k¡lh ftys ds nf{k.k esa yfyriqj ftyk gS] tks cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks= dsvarxZr gh ifjxf.kr fd;k tkrk gSA >k¡lh ,oa yfyriqj dh cksyh&cqUnsyh esa fo'ks"kugha feyrh gSA ;gk¡ ekud cqUnsyh dk gh :i izpyu esa gSA dqN 'kCnksa esa fHkUurkvo'; fn[kkbZ nsrh gS &

v- yfyriqj ftys dh cqUnsyh esa ^bZ izR;; dk iz;ksx cgqrk;r ls feyrk gSAizLrqr mnkgj.kksa esa bl izdkj dk iz;ksx n`"VO; gS&nq%[kh ubZa gks;] ukbZa] ubZadbZ tkr] Qksj ykbZa] tbZ dh rbZa] HkbZa] HkhrjbZa] HkhrbZ bR;kfnA

c- [kM+h cksyh fgUnh ds r`rh; iq#"k cgqopu :i ^mUgksaus tgk¡ yfyriqj esa^muusa ds :i esa cgqopu ds fy, iz;qDr gS] ogha lEeku lwpd 'kCn ds :iesa bldk iz;ksx ,dopu ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj [kM+h cksyhds mlus* ds fy, lkekU; O;fDr;ksa ds fy, Åus ,oa lEeku n'kkZus ds fy,^muusa dk iz;ksx ^mldks ds fy, ^Å[kksa vkSj lEekuiwoZd ^musa vFkok^mu[kksa 'kCn dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA oSls ;s cgqopu :i esa Hkh iz;ksx fd;stkrs gSaA

l- ^,dkjkUr^ 'kCnksa dk ^,sdkjkUr^ rFkk ^vksdkjkUr^ 'kCnksa dk ^vkSdkjkUr^ :iesa mPpkj.k yfyriqj dh cqUnsyh esa feyrk gS] mnkgj.k Lo:i&Å¡puhp&Å¡ps] uhps] gksdj & gksdsa] gksrk&gksrksA blh izdkj&ij&iS] dscks&dScks]ds&dS] yjcs&yjcSA

mijksDr mnkgj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡prs gSa fd yfyriqjftys dh cqUnsyh dqN 'kCn :iksa dks NksM+dj cqUnsyh dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ gh fy,gq, gSaA yfyriqj ftys dk nf{k.k {ks= lkxj ftys dh mRrjh lhek ls yxk gqvk gS]blfy;s bl {ks= ij lkxj ftys dh cqUnsyh dk Hkh vR;Yi izHkko ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

Vhdex<+ dk cqUnsyh :i Vhdex<+ dk cqUnsyh :i Vhdex<+ dk cqUnsyh :i Vhdex<+ dk cqUnsyh :i Vhdex<+ dk cqUnsyh :i ¼lwpd Ø-& 10½

Vhdex<+ ftyk cqUnsyh dk izeq[k dsUnz gS] ftlds vUrxZr orZeku esa vksjNkHkh lfEefyr gSA vksjNk {ks= cqUnsyh ds egku dfo;ksa dh dkO;&LFkyh jgk gSA ;gk¡dh cqUnsyh Hkh e/;orhZ Hkkx ds vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh gSA ;gk¡ dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEugSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 40

v- gdkj yksi dh izofRr vU; {ks=ksa dh rjg gh gSA mnkgj.k Lo:i&dgrk&dr]cgqr&Hkksr] mUgksaus&muusaA

c- csbZ ¼ogh½] uksusa ¼vPNs½] ?kjds ¼ikl ds½] uk¡; & ek¡; ¼b/kj&m/kj½] >iV dsadj fyvko ¼tYnh dj yks½] gvksa ¼gk¡½ bR;kfn 'kCn Vhdex<+ ftys dhcqUnsyh dk LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~; fy, gq, gSaA

l- cqUnsyh dk vf/kdka'k {ks= o^ ds c^ ds :i esa mPpkfjr djus ds fy;s tkuktkrk gS] fdUrq Vhdex<+ {ks= dh cksyh esa ^o^ ds :i esa gh T;knkrjiz;ksxdrkZ iz;qDr djrs gSa] Hko] jo] p<os nhoku bR;kfnA

bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd cqUnsyh ls vR;Yi fHkUurkvksa dks NksM+djVhdex<+ {ks= dh cqUnsyh dk Lo:i ekud :i tSlk gh gSA

nfr;k dk cqUnsyh :i & nfr;k dk cqUnsyh :i & nfr;k dk cqUnsyh :i & nfr;k dk cqUnsyh :i & nfr;k dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 9½

nfr;k ftyk Hkh cqUnsyh ds 'kq) :i okys {ks= ds varxZr lfEefyr fd;ktkrk gSA bl {ks= esa uCcs izfr'kr cqUnsyh Hkk"kh jgrs gSaA nfr;k ftys esa i¡okj ¼ijekj½tkfr ds yksx cM+h la[;k esa fuokl djrs gSa] gkykafd bl ftys dh vU; tkfr;k¡ Hkhmlh izdkj dh cqUnsyh dk iz;ksx djrh gSa] tks i¡okj yksx djrs gSaA ;gk¡ dh cqUnsyhdh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSa &

v- lkuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr ekud :i dh rjg gh gSA

c- ^gdkj^ yksi dh izo`fRr Hkh cqUnsyh ds :i dks Li"V djrh gSA

l- izLrqr mnkgj.k esa ^vius ds LFkku ij ^vkibZa 'kCn nfr;k {ks= dh cqUnsyhds LFkkuh; Lo:i dks izdV djrk gS] D;ksafd bl 'kCn dk izpyu vU; dghaugha feyrk gSA

n- cqUnsyh ds vf/kdka'k {ks=ksa esa deZdkjdh; ijlxZ [kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrkgS] fdUrq bl {ks= esa ;g ^dksa ds :i esa feyrk gSA

b- e/;orhZ {ks= esa tgk¡ izLrqr mnkgj.k esa lEeku lwpd grs] rs vkfn 'kCnfeyrs gSa] ogha ;gk¡ grks] rks 'kCn feyrs gSa& vPNks grks & vPNks rks] ekuRrks]ekur rks] bR;kfnA

j- ^dgus 'kCn ds fy, e/;orhZ {ks= esa ^dgrs ] dsrrs] dRrs 'kCn dk iz;ksxfd;k tkrk gS] fdUrq ;gk¡ ^dÅr^ 'kCn dk LFkku oSf'k"V~; ds :i esa iz;ksxizkIr gksrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 41

mi;qZDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd nfr;k ftys dh cqUnsyhFkksM+h lh fHkUurkvksa ds lkFk cqUnsyh ds ekud :i dk gh izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA

fofn'kk dk cqUnsyh :i & fofn'kk dk cqUnsyh :i & fofn'kk dk cqUnsyh :i & fofn'kk dk cqUnsyh :i & fofn'kk dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 16½

cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks=ksa ds vUrxZr fofn'kk ftys dk iwohZ ,oa nf{k.kh Hkkx ghdsoy lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd bldk if'peh Hkkx ekyoh cksyh ds {ks= lslai`Dr gSA pw¡fd bldk iwohZ Hkkx lkxj ftys ls ,oa nf{k.kh Hkkx jk;lsu ftys lstqM+k gqvk gS vkSj ;s {ks= 'kq) cqUnsyh ds gksus ds dkj.k fofn'kk ds iwohZ ,oa nf{k.kh{ks= dh cqUnsyh lkxj ,oa jk;lsu dh 'kq) cqUnsyh ds leku gh gS] fQj Hkh iw.kZr%ughaA bl ij dgha [kM+h cksyh rks dgha ekyoh dk izHkko ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bl{ks= ds cksyh:i esa fuEukafdr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa &

v- e/;orhZ {ks= ds vusd fgLlksa dh rjg bl {ks= esa Hkh ,dkjkUr dks ,sdkjkUrvkSj vksdkjkUr dks vkSdkjkUr :i esa iz;ksx djrs gSa & lquk & lquks] ckj &cSj] gksdj& gksdsaA

c- gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr cqUnsyh dh egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk gS] tks bl {ks= esa HkhLi"V nf"Vxkspj gksrh gSA tSls& dgrk& dr] x<+igjk & x<+iSjk] igpkurs&iSpkur bR;kfnA

l- [kM+h cksyh dk og loZuke cqUnsyh ds vU; LFkkuksa ij ck,] cksbZ] ck vkfn :iksadk iz;ksx feyrk gS] fdUrq izLrqr mnkgj.k esa cbZ :i dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kgS] tks LFkkuh; fo'ks"krk gh dgh tk ldrh gSA

n- [kM+h cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk vkaf'kd iz;ksx Hkh [kM+h cksyh ds izHkko dh vksj bafxrdjrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, & yksxksa] [kq'k] 'k=q] nhokuA

;- vuqLokj dh izo`fRr Hkh fo|eku gSA

mi;qZDr fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd bl {ks= esa cksyh:idk xBu iw.kZr% cqUnsyh dk gS] tks ekud :i dk vuqdj.k djrk gqvk izrhr gksrk gSA

lkxj ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø- 9½lkxj ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø- 9½lkxj ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø- 9½lkxj ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø- 9½lkxj ftys dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø- 9½

'kq) cqUnsyh ds {ks=kUrxZr lkxj ftys dh cksyh dk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA lkxjftys ds pkjksa vksj 'kq) cqUnsyh {ks= gksus ds dkj.k ;gk¡ dh cksyh ij vU; fdlh cksyh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 42

dk izHkko ugha gSA blh dkj.k ;gk¡ dh cksyh 'kq) cqUnsyh gS] ftldk :i >k¡lh ftysdh ekud cqUnsyh ls feyrk&tqyrk gSA oSls Hkh lkxj ftys dh mRrjh lhek] >k¡lhftys dh nf{k.kh lhek dks Li'kZ djrh gSA

MkW- d`".kyky gal us vius 'kks/kxzUFk cqUnsyh vkSj blds {ks=h; :i dsvUrxZr bl ftys dh cqUnsyh dks rhu Hkkxksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k gS] ijUrq esjh n`f"V esa;g vlaxr gh gSA pw¡fd fdlh Hkh cksyh dk {ks= fdruk gh 'kq) D;ksa u gks] mlesanks pkj 'kCn fdlh vU; cksyh ds lfEefyr gks tkuk cgqr vklku lk gS] D;ksafd ogk¡ds fuoklh vU; {ks=ksa ds laidZ esa Hkh vkrs gSa vkSj blh vk/kkj ij mls ^fo'ks"k^ djkjnsuk iw.kZr% xyr gSA bl {ks= dh cqUnsyh dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ v/kksfyf[kr gSa &

v- ekud cqUnsyh ds vf/kdka'k {ks=ksa dh rjg tgk¡ ^vkSdkj^ dh izo`fRr feyrhgS] ogha lkxj {ks= esa ^vkSdkjkUr^ gh iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA

c- lkuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr ;gk¡ ds cksyh:i esa cqUnsyh dh fo'ks"krk ds vuq:igh gSA

l- ^gdkj^ yksi dh izo`fRr loZ= ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ;g yksihdj.k vkfn] eè;vkSj vUr lHkh izdkj ls feyrk gSA gn gh dj nha & gn~nbZ dj nbZa]igq¡ps & ikSps] igyk & iSykA

n- dkseyhdj.k cqUnsyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d gSA ifj.kker;% dBksjo.kZ ^M^ ^M+ ^j^ esa rFkk ^<^ ^<+ ^j^ o.kZ esa ifjofrZr gksrs fn[kk;h nsrs gSaAigkM+&igkj] fpfM+;k & fpfj;kA

d- ugha ds fy;s ^usa ge usa djgsaA

[k- tks dke ^dg^ ds fy;s ^ds dks dk ds jvksA

x- ^mykr^ 'kCn tYnh ds fy;s mykr dj yksA

?k- la;qDrk{kj dh izo`fRr vc gh ds fy;s vCcbZ ] dj fy;k ds fy;s dYyo] rqegh ds fy;s ^rqebZ ] ge gh ds fy;s ^gebZ A

³- ,dopu vkSj cgqopu nksuksa esa ge^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx ge usa tSgsa vFkkZr~ eSa ughatkÅ¡xk ;k tkÅ¡xhA

mi;qZDr fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd ^lkxj^ {ks= ekudcqUnsy ds vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh fo'ks"krkvksa ls laiUu gS] blh dkj.k ;g 'kq) cqUnsyhds {ks= dk izfrfuf/k ftyk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 43

Nrjiqj dk cqUnsyh :i & Nrjiqj dk cqUnsyh :i & Nrjiqj dk cqUnsyh :i & Nrjiqj dk cqUnsyh :i & Nrjiqj dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 7½

Nrjiqj ftys dh cqUnsyh cksyh dks lj tktZ fxz;lZu us [kVksyk^ cqUnsyh dgkgSA bl {ks= ds varxZr mUgksaus fctkoj] iUuk] jkeiqj] ijxuk] egjktuxj] Nrjiqj[kkl] nsojk] jkeuxj] yqxklh] xjksZyh] vyhiqjk] chgV] fcygjk vkfn Hkkx lfEefyrfd;s gSaA blds ^[kVksyk^ ukedj.k dk ,sfrgkfld rF; ;g gS fd Nrjiqj ftys dscM+k eygjk dLcs ls ik¡p fd-eh- nwj ^xat^ uked xzke gS] tgk¡ foØe dh rsjgohals iUnzgoha lnh rd xkSM+ jktkvksa dk NksVk lk jkT; FkkA egkjkt N=lky ds le;esa [kVksyk^ ijxuk dgykrk Fkk] ftlds vUrxZr fctkoj rglhy] Nrjiqj dk eè;,oa mRrjh Hkkx Vhdex<+ dk nf{k.kh Hkkx] nf{k.k esa cDLokgk rFkk 'kkgx<+] iUuk dknf{k.kh {ks= ,oa neksg dk mRrjh Hkkx blh jkT; ds vUrxZr lfEefyr fd;k tkrkFkk vkSj blh dkj.k ^[kVksy^ jkT; ds bu {ks=ksaa esa izpfyr cqUnsyh :i dks ^[kVksykcqUnsyh^ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl {ks= dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

v- ^[kVksyk^ :i dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk gdkj ds yksihdj.k dh gS vkSj ;g izo`fRrvk|k{kj] e/;k{kj ,oa vUR;k{kj lHkh txg feyrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, &[kM+s & Bk<+s] BkM+s] igpkurs & phurks] Ånu'kkg & Ånu'kk; bR;kfnA

c- ^dguk^ ds fy, vf/kdka'k {ks= esa dkr] dgr tSls 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx feyrkgSA ^dbr^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh; izo`fRr dk |ksrd gSA

l- blh izdkj ^ckj^ 'kCn ds fy, ^nba;k¡^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx ,d rjQ ds fy,^dksn^ Hkh blh LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~; dks Li"V djrk gSA

n- cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=ksa esa deZdkj.k ijlxZ [kksa] dksa izpfyr gS] fdUrq bl {ks=esa ;g ^[kk¡^ gks x;k gSA

;- 'kCnksa ds vUr esa gh^ ds fy, bZ izR;; tksM+dj la;qDr 'kCn :i cuk;s tkrsgSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, & Luku dj jgh & lij~jbZ] ns[krs gh & ns[krb] tSlsgh & tSlbZ] djrs gh & djrbZA

j- blh izdkj ,dkjkUr dk ,sdkjkUr ,oa vksdkjkUr dk vkSdkjkUr :i Hkh ;gk¡dh fo'ks"krk gSA

bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd Nrjiqj ftys dk ^[kVksyk^ :i Hkh 'kq)cqUnsyh dk izfrfuf/k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 44

iUuk dk cqUnsyh :i &iUuk dk cqUnsyh :i &iUuk dk cqUnsyh :i &iUuk dk cqUnsyh :i &iUuk dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 6½

cqUnsyh ds 'kq) :i ds varxZr iUuk ftys dk dsoy if'peh Hkkx gh lfEefyrfd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd blds nwljs Hkkxksa dh lhek,¡ c?ksyh izHkkfor gSaA pw¡fd ;gk¡ dhcqUnsyh esa ,oa iUuk ftys ds if'peh Hkkx dh cqUnsyh esa fo'ks"k vUrj ugha gSA blhdkj.k bls iUuk dk [kVksyk^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl {ks= dh fo'ks"krk,¡ vxzkafdr gSa &

v- e/;orhZ {ks=ksa esa dgrk^ ds fy, dkr^ dsr^ vkSj dbr^ tSls 'kCn izpfyrgSaA ;gk¡ ^dgr^ iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa ^gdkj^ fo|eku gSA

c- vU; 'kCnksa esa Hkh ;g izo`fRr de gh ns[kus dks feyrh gS & x<+igjk]igpkurs] cgw bR;kfnA blls fl) gksrk gS fd bl {ks= esa vU; {ks=ksa dhvis{kk gdkj yksihdj.k dh izo`fRr cgqr de gSA blds foijhr dqN 'kCnksaesa ;g vfrfjDr fo|eku gS& gksxk & gwgs] p<+sxk & p<+gSA

l- Nrjiqj dh [kVksyk esa deZdkjd ijlxZ ^[kksa gSA vU;= ;g ^dks :i Hkh/kkj.k fd, gq, gS] ijUrq iUuk ds bl {ks= dh [kVksyk cqUnsyh esa ;g ^[kksa^[ksa :i esa feyrk gSA /kje [ksa] vk¡[ku [kksaA

n- e/;orhZ {ks= esa txg&txg 'kCn ds fy, txk¡&txk¡] txs&txs] txk&txk]yaxu&yaxu vkfn 'kCn :iksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gS] ysfdu ;gk¡ ij ;gt¡gxu&t¡gxu tSls :i esa fo|eku gS] tks LFkkuh; oSf'k"V~; dk ifjpk;dgSA

;- bu fo'ks"krkvksa ds vykok vksdkjkUr vkSj ,dkjkUr 'kCn:iksa dk izpyueè;orhZ cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh gSA

neksg dk cqUnsyh :i & neksg dk cqUnsyh :i & neksg dk cqUnsyh :i & neksg dk cqUnsyh :i & neksg dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 15½

cqUnsyh ds [kVksyk :i ds {ks= esa] neksg ftys dk mRrjh Hkkx lfEefyr gS] tksfd iUuk ftys ds [kVksyk Hkk"kh nf{k.kh {ks= ls tqM+k gqvk gSA bl {ks= dk if'pehHkkx lkxj ftys ds iwohZ Hkkx ls lai`Dr gSA bl dkj.k bl ftys ds cksyh:i nks rjgds gks x;s gSaA iUuk lhek ls tqM+k {ks= [kVksyk :i esa vkSj lkxj ls tqM+k {ks= lkxjh:i esa fo|eku gSA bl {ks= dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

v- ,dkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr dh izo`fRr vU; {ks=ksa ln`'k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 45

c- ^gdkj^ yksihdj.k Hkh gSA

l- tgk¡ iUuk dh cqUnsyh esa [kk¡^ deZdkjd ijlxZ gS] ogha ;gk¡ [kksa :i esa gSA

f'koiqjh dk cqUnsyh :i &f'koiqjh dk cqUnsyh :i &f'koiqjh dk cqUnsyh :i &f'koiqjh dk cqUnsyh :i &f'koiqjh dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 5½

Hkk"kk&Hkwxksy ds n`f"Vdks.k ls f'koiqjh cqUnsyh dk lhekorhZ ftyk ekuk tkrkgS] D;ksafd blds nf{k.k if'pe esa ekyoh ,oa mRrj if'pe esa t;iqjh dk {ks= gSA'kq) cqUnsyh dh n`f"V ls bldk iwohZ fgLlk gh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA gkykafdblesa Hkh vR;Yi ek=k esa jktLFkkuh] ekyoh rFkk [kM+h cksyh dk izHkko feyrk gSAbl {ks= dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

v- ^;gk¡* ds fy, ^fguk^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx vusd ckj gqvk gS] tks jktLFkkuh dkizHkko fy;s gq, gSA

c- blh izdkj dgrk^ fØ;k okpd 'kCn ds fy, tgk¡ vU; {ks=ksa esa dr] dgr]dsr] dbZr] dÅr 'kCn feyrs gSa] ogha izLrqr mngkj.k esa ^dwr^ 'kCn dkiz;ksx Hkh fd;k x;k gS] tks lEHkor% mPpkj.k oSf'k"V~; gh dgk tk ldrkgSA

l- futokpd loZuke [kM+h cksyh vius ,oa viuh^ 'kCnksa ds fy, ;gk¡ Øe'k%^vi;sa ,oa ^vibZ 'kCn :iksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA

n- rjQ ds fy, rusa ns[kus ds fy, fprs ugk jgh^ esa ukjbZ tSls 'kCn tgk¡LFkku] oSf'k"V~; ds |ksrd gSa] ogha gdkjyksi dh izo`fRr dks Li"V djrs gSaA

;- ,dkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr dh izo`fRr vU; {ks=ksa ds leku gh orZeku gSA

bu fHkUurkvksa ds vykok 'ks"k :i e/;orhZ {ks= ds vU; Hkkxksa dh rjg gh gSA

11- xquk dk cqUnsyh :i & 11- xquk dk cqUnsyh :i & 11- xquk dk cqUnsyh :i & 11- xquk dk cqUnsyh :i & 11- xquk dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 2½

xquk ftys ds iwohZ Hkkx dh mRrjh lhek f'koiqjh ftys dh nf{k.kh lhek ls iwohZlhek >k¡lh ftys dh if'peh lhek ls rFkk nf{k.kh lhek fofn'kk ftys dh mRrjhlhek ls layXu gSA5 e/;orhZ {ks= dh cqUnsyh esa xquk dk iwohZ fgLlk gh lfEefyrfd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd vU; Hkkx ekyoh izHkkfor gSA iwohZ lhek ij cqUnsyh ds vU;{ks=ksa ds izHkko ds dkj.k bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 46

v- bl {ks= dk deZdkjd ijlxZ fo'kq) ^dksa :i esa gh feyrk gSA

c- izLrqr dgkuh esa dbZ txg ^Fkk^ ds LFkku ij ^Fkks dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS]tks ekyoh ds izHkko dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

l- blh izdkj ^ldrk^ dk ^lDr^] tkurk dk ^tkUr^ 'kCn:iksa esa vk| v{kjdh izo`fRr mPpkj.k oSf'k"V~; dks izdV djrh gS] ftldh lekurk fHk.M {ks=dh cksyh esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

n- blh izdkj ^gksxk^ dk ^gks;xk^ dk ^gks;xks ] ^p<+sxk^ dk ^p<+sxks 'kCn ekyohds gSaA

;- ^L=h^ ds fy, ^cS;~;j^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx LFkkuh;rk dk |ksrd gSA bufo'ks"krkvksa ds vykok vU; :i cqUnsyh ds 'kq) {ks=ksa ds leku gh gSaA

gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh :i & gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh :i & gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh :i & gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh :i & gks'kaxkckn dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 3½

Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa us gks'kaxkckn ftys ds cksyh:i dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk gS &

1- cqUnsyh {ks= & ;g og {ks= gS tgk¡ cqUnsyh cksyh tkrh gS] blds varxZrlksgkxiqj ,oa gks'kaxkckn rglhysa lfEefyr dh x;ha gSaA

2- ekyoh {ks= & bl {ks= esa flouh rglhy ,oa nwljh gjnk rglhy gS] tgk¡dh ekyoh ij cqUnsyh vius vYi izHkko ds lkFk gSA blfy, 'kq+) cqUnsyh ds{ks= ds vUrxZr lksgkxiqj ,oa gks'kaxkckn rglhysa gh vkrh gSa] tcfd gjnk,oa flouh rglhysa fefJr cqUnsyh ds varxZr lfEefyr dh tkrh gSaAlksgkxiqj ,oa gks'kaxkckn rglhyksa esa cksyh tkus okyh cqansyh dh fo'ks"krk;safuEufyf[kr gSa &

v- cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks=ksa esa ^gdkj^ yksi dh izo`fRr izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] ijUrqyksihdj.k bl {ks= esa cgqr gh de ek=k esa feyrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, &x<+igjk] gwgs] gksgs bR;kfnA

c- fn[kuksa] p<+sxk vkfn 'kCnksa esa ekyoh izHkko ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA

l- cgqr] ugha] iztk] lfgr] dHkh bR;kfn 'kCn [kM+h cksyh ds izHkko dh vksjbafxr djrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 47

n- cqUnsyh dh f}rh; foHkfDr esa [kk¡] [ksa] [kksa] dksa vkfn 'kCnksa dk izpyu gS]fdUrq bl {ks= esa buds LFkku ij ^gs foHkfDr dk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gSA

;- ;gk¡ ds fy, ^>k¡^ dk iz;ksx LFkkuh fo'ks"krk dk ifjpk;d gSA

j- vU; :i cqUnsyh ds ekud :i ds leku gh gSaA

jk;lsu dk cqUnsyh :i &jk;lsu dk cqUnsyh :i &jk;lsu dk cqUnsyh :i &jk;lsu dk cqUnsyh :i &jk;lsu dk cqUnsyh :i & ¼lwpd Ø-& 4½

jk;lsu ftys dk if'peh Hkkx gh dsoy ,slk gS] tks ekyoh izHkkfor cqUnsyhHkk"kh Hkksiky ls layXu gSA blds vykok blds iwoZ esa lkxj ftyk] mRrj esa cqUnsyhHkk"kh fofn'kk rFkk nf{k.k esa cqUnsyh Hkk"kh gks'kaxkckn dh lksgkxiqj rglhy gSA rhuvksj ls 'kq) cqUnsyh ,oa ,d vksj ls ekyoh gksus ds dkj.k jk;lsu {ks= dh cqUnsyh'kq) :i esa gh gSA vU; {ks=ksa dh vis{kk bl {ks= esa vuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr U;wugSA

v- gdkj yksihdj.k] 'kq) cqUnsyh dh izo`fRr ds vuqlkj gh gSA

c- ,dkjkUr dk ,sdkjkUr vf/kd feyrk gS] vis{kkd`r vksdkjkUr ds vkSdkjkUresa ifjofrZr gksus dsA

l- yksxksa] dksbZ] cgqr bR;kfn 'kCn [kM+h cksyh ds izHkko dk ifjp; nsrk gSA

n- Fkksa] p<s+xk vkfn 'kCn ekyoh dk izHkko n'kkZrs gSaA

;- lokZf/kd 'kCnksa esa ^mdkj^ dh izo`fRr ns[kus dks feyrh gSa tSls& dk dgldw¡] dk dj ldw¡A

buds vykok vU; fo'ks"krk,¡ cqUnsyh ds leku gh gSaA

ujflagiqj dk cqUnsyh :iujflagiqj dk cqUnsyh :iujflagiqj dk cqUnsyh :iujflagiqj dk cqUnsyh :iujflagiqj dk cqUnsyh :i

ujflagiqj ftys ds pkjksa vksj cqUnsyh Hkk"kh ftyksa dh lhek,¡ gSa] ftlds dkj.kbl {ks= dk cqUnsyh :i vius ewy :i esa orZeku gSA MkW- fxz;lZu us bl {ks= dksc?ksyh fefJr cqUnsyh dk {ks= dgk gSA ysfdu MkW- d`".kyky gal us Hkh ^cqUnsyh vkSjmlds {ks=h; :i^ xzUFk esas Li"V dgk gS fd ujflagiqj dh cqansyh 'kq) cqansyh gSA

ujflagiqj {ks= ds iwoZ esa tcyiqj] if'pe esa gks'kaxkckn] mRrj esa lkxj]neksg ,oa nf{k.k esa flouh vkSj fNUnokM+k ftyksa dh lhek,¡ gSaA MkW- fxzl;Zu us blftys ds cqUnsyh :i dks c?ksyh ls fefJr crk;k gS] ysfdu okLro esa ;g {ks= 'kq)

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 48

cqUnsyh dk gh gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ ds Hkk"kk :i esa cqUnsyh dk O;ogkj gh vf/kd gksrk gSAbl {ks= dh vU; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa &

v- bl ftys dh cqUnsyh yksp fy;s gq, gSA mnkgj.kr% dksb^ 'kCn ds fy, dqbZdk iz;ksx ;gk¡ O;ogkj esa izpfyr gSA

c- Hkfo";dkyhu fØ;k:iksa esa gqb;s ds fy, ;gk¡ gSxks 'kCn dk iz;ksx feyrkgS] tks iwoksZRrj fNUnokM+k ds leku gh gSA

l- tgk¡ cqUnsyh ds vf/kdka'k fgLlksa esa ^vu^ izR;; tksM+dj cgqopu ds :irS;kj fd, tkrs gSa] ogha bl ftys esa cgqopu ds fy, laKk :iksa vks izR;;dk iz;ksx ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

n- ^fQj^ 'kCn ds fy, ;gk¡ ij ^fQu^ :i dk izpyu gksrk gS] tks LFkkuh;oSf'k"V~; dk izrhd gSA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd cqUnsyh dk O;ogkj {ks= foLr`r gS vkSjbl Hkw&Hkkx dh lhek,¡ Øe'k% czt] dUukSth] vo/kh] ekyoh] NRrhlx<+h rFkkjktLFkkuh dh Hkk"kkbZ lhekvksa ds lehi gSaA ijLij O;ogkj ds dkj.k lhekorhZHkw&Hkkx ij bUgha cksfy;ksa ds feJ.k dk izHkko dgha&dgha de vkSj dgha&dgha vf/kd cqUnsyh ij gqvk gSA bl rjg lhekorhZ {ks=ksa esa cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :i gks x;s gSaAcqUnsyh ds bu fofo/k :iksa dks ljyrk dh n`f"V ls 'kq) rFkk fefJr oxksZa esa j[kdjfo'ysf"kr djus ls cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :i fLFkj fd;s x;s gSaA bu fofo/k :iksa dsfo'ys"k.k ds fy, ftu lwpdksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;k gSA muds dFku iw.kZr% lgtvkSj fo'oluh; gSaA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i( i`- 304-2- ckyk?kkV fMfLVªDV xtsfV;j( i`- 78-3- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk losZ{k.k( [kaM 9] Hkkx 1( i`- 451-4- fyafXofLVd losZ vkQ bafM;k( [k.M 1] Hkkx 1( i`- 574-5- MkW- d`".kyky gal( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i( i`- 462-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 49

Hkk"kk&'kkL= ,oa O;kdj.k ij gq, dk;ZHkk"kk&'kkL= ,oa O;kdj.k ij gq, dk;ZHkk"kk&'kkL= ,oa O;kdj.k ij gq, dk;ZHkk"kk&'kkL= ,oa O;kdj.k ij gq, dk;ZHkk"kk&'kkL= ,oa O;kdj.k ij gq, dk;Z

fgUnh ds if'peh oxZ dh cksfy;ksa esa cqUnsyh ,d egÙoiw.kZ yksd cksyh vFkokmiHkk"kk gSA l'kDr] lkfgfR;d miyfC/k;ksa dh lEiUurk ds ckotwn Hkh yEchle;kof/k rd cqUnsyh] czt dh lgksnjk ds :i esa misf{kr Hkko ls bafxr dh tkrhjgh gSaA mn~Hko ,oa fodkl dh n`f"V ls cqUnsyh ,oa czt nksuksa ,d gh /kjkry lslapkfyr gSaA blh izdkj nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa lkfgR;&ltZuk dk bfrgkl Hkh ledkfyd,oa lEc) gSA ijUrq rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifj.kke Lo:i czt] izkphu ,oa e/;dkyhu fgUnh dkO;kdk'k esa lkfgR;dkjksa dh dkO; dYiuk dk lgkjk cuh] lkFkgh jkT;kJ; dk lq[k Hkksxrh gqbZ] d`".k HkfDr dkO; dh eèkqfje] ljl fØ;kvksa dhizoDrk fl) gqbZA ifjek.kLo:i czt] cqUnsyh dh rqyuk esa vxzx.; izrhr gksrh jgh]ysfdu LorU=rk&vkanksyu ds i'pkr~ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkfonksa us Hkkjrh; cksfy;ksa dh vksjvuqla/kku vkSj v/;;u dh ekSfyd vfHk#fp fn[kk;hA cqUnsyh bl izfr;ksfxrk esaviuh lqnh?kZ lkfgR; ijEijk ds lkFk] vuqla/kku dh vkdka{kk ,oa vko';drk dsvuq:i czt] voèkh] Hkkstiqjh tSlh cksfy;ksa ds le{k] pqukSrh iw.kZ <ax ls vk [kM+h gqbZA

mRrjizns'k ds ik¡p ftyksa ,oa e/;izns'k ds ckbl ftyksa esa fdlh u fdlh :iesa iz;qDr cqUnsyh vkfndky ds dkO; dFkkdkj txfud] fo".kqnkl dh dkO;] lk/kuk]jhfr] HkfDr dkO; dh lqugyh la/;k esa ds'ko tSls vkpk;Z egkdfo] v{kj vuU;]c['kh galjkt ,oa cks/kk tSls dfo;ksa ds laLi`'; rks in~ekdj] Bkdqj tSls dfo;ksa dhlgpjh cudj cqUnsyh lkfgfR;d i{k dks le`) cukrh gS] blhfy;s bl yksdHkk"kkdk O;kdjf.kd i{k vR;ar mRre gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 50

cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd ladsrksa ds mn~?kkVu dk fof/kor~ 'kkL=h; iz;klloZizFke lu~ 1891 ls lu~ 1924 dh le;kof/k esa izfl) Hkk"kk&'kkL=h MkW- fxz;lZu}kjk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds losZ{k.k^ ds nkSjku [k.M 9 Hkkx 1 esa cqUnsyh ds fofHkUu :iksadh lajpuk ,oa laf{kIr O;kdj.k ds :i esa lkexzh ladfyr djds fd;k x;kA bldk;Z ds izdk'ku ¼1964½ ,oa fy[ks tkus ds le;kUrjky esa cqUnsyh ij eUFkj xfr lsdk;Z gqvkA ijUrq 60 ds n'kd ds i'pkr~ cqUnsyh ij vuqla/kku dh fn'kk esa fd;s tkusokys iz;klksa esa rsth vk;hA ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i cqUnsyh ds HkkSxksfyd] ,sfrgkfld]lkfgfR;d] Hkk"kkoSKkfud] O;kdjf.kd bR;kfn lHkh Lo:iksa ij leqfpr dk;Z gqvkvkSj cqUnsyh ,d fof'k"V yksdHkk"kk ds :i esa LFkkfir gqbZA

fo'kq) O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls losZ{k.k ,oa vuqla/kku dh miyfC/k;k¡ cqUnsyh esaU;wu gSaA ftu 'kks/k xzUFkksa esa U;wukf/kd ek=k esa O;kdj.k dks LFkku fn;k x;k gS] mUghads dk;Z dks izLrqr v/;k; esa laf{kIr :i esa vk/kkj cuk;k gSA

Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k& Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k& Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k& Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k& Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k& lj tktZ vczkge fxz;lZu

lu~ 1891 ls ysdj 1924 rd dh le;kof/k esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds losZ{k.k dkdk;Z lj tktZ fxz;lZu ds }kjk lEiUu gqvk] tks X;kjg [k.Mksa esa izdkf'kr fd;kx;k gSA bl losZ{k.k ds nkSjku fxz;lZu ds if'peh fgUnh] iatkch] jktLFkkuh]xqtjkrh] [kkuns'kh] igkM+h rFkk Hkhyh Hkk"kkvksa ij fopkj fd;k gSA buesa gksus okyhvfu;ferrkvksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k gSA cqUnsyh ds vUrxZr bldh Hkk"kkbZfo'ks"krkvksa ,oa {ks= laca/kh rF;ksa dk foospu gSA1 fxz;lZu }kjk izLrqr cqUnsyh dsfofHkUu :i ,d vksj tgk¡ vR;Ur izkekf.kd gSa rks ogha nwljh vksj cqUnsyh ds fofHkUu:iksa dh lajpuk ij fopkj ugha fd;k x;kA vf/kdka'k esa ys[kd us vius cksyhifjp; esa foLrkj ls tkus dk iz;Ru ugha fd;k gSA QyLo:i cqUnsyh dk lkaxksikaxO;kdjf.kd v/;;u lEHko ugha gks ldrkA fxz;lZu dk lkexzh ladyu Hkhfo'oluh; ugha gS] D;ksafd lkexzh ladyu Lo;a ugha] vfirq nwljksa ls djok;k x;kgS] ifj.kkeLo:i /oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡ iw.kZr% ugha vk;h gSaA fxz;lZu }kjk izLrqrcqUnsyh O;kdj.k laf{kIr gS] blfy, ;g ek= ekxZ&n'kZu dk dk;Z djrk gS] ijUrqcqUnsyh ds izkekf.kd O;kdj.k dh tkudkjh ugha ns ldrkA blds flok O;kdj.k dsvisf{kr lHkh :iksa dk vè;;u ugha fd;k x;k gSA dsoy O;kdjf.kd fo'ks"krkvksa dkvarj gh izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA cqUnsyh ds {ks= foHkktu ds vUrxZr 'kq) ;k ifjfuf"BrcqUnsyh dks dsUnz esa j[kdj fopkj fd;k x;k gSA cqUnsyh ds lanHkZ esa lhek foHkktu

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 51

ugha fd;kA bu lkjh =qfV;ksa ds ckotwn Hkh fxz;lZu dk dk;Z vuwBk ,oa izkjafHkdiz;klksa dh n`f"V ls vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gS] ftlds izdk'ku ds ckn ls cqUnsyh 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksadks fn'kk feyh gSA

Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k Hkkx 9 ds vUrxZr if'peh fgUnh ds fgUnksLrkuh]ckax#] czt] dUukSth] cqUnsyh cksyh:iksa dk fo'ys"k.k gSA LFkkuksa dh n`f"V ls mUgksaus>k¡lh] tkykSu] gehjiqj] Xokfy;j] vksjNk] lkxj] ujflagiqj] gks'kaxkckn] flouh]iUuk] neksg] nfr;k dh cqUnsyh ij fopkj fd;k gSA2 cqUnsyh Hkk"kh Hkw&Hkkx esa O;og`rgksus okys cksyh:iksa dks mUgksaus izkekf.kd iaokjh] yks/kkUrh] [kVskyk] cukQjh] dq.Mjh]fuHkV~Vk] Hknkojh] rksoajx<+h] frjgkjh uke fn;s gSaA3 O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls budslaKk:iksa vkSj fØ;k:iksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA4

cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;u& cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;u& cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;u& cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;u& cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;u& jkes'ojizlkn vxzoky¼fgUnh izdk'ku] y[kuÅ 1963½

izLrqr iqLrd] fo"k; izos'k] /ofu&fopkj] in fopkj] 'kCn jpuk vkSj okD;fopkj tSls ik¡p 'kh"kZdksa esa foHkkftr gSA ifjf'k"V esa Hkk"kk ekufp= okD;] lkexzh vkSjfof'k"V 'kCnkoyh ladfyr gSA fo"k; izos'k ds varxZr ys[kd us cqUnsyh {ks= dsvarxZr mRrjizns'k ds tkykSu] gehjiqj] ck¡nk vkSj >k¡lh ftys ,oa e/;izns'k dsvUrxZr Vhdex<+] Nrjiqj] iUuk] neksg] lkxj] ujflagiqj] fHk.M] nfr;k] Xokfy;j]f'koiqjh] eqjSuk] xquk] fofn'kk] jk;lsu vkSj gks'kaxkckn ftyksa dks lfEefyr fd;k gSAifj.kker% bu {ks=ksa ds vUrxZr cqUnsyh ds lHkh :iksa dk lekos'k ugha gks ldk gSAoLrqr% Hkk"kkoSKkfud n`f"V ls Hkh rFkk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u dh n`f"V ls Hkh ;gvko';d Fkk fd ujflagiqj] flouh] cSrwy] fNUnokM+k vkfn LFkkuksa ds uewus Hkh fy;stkrsA ;g v/;;u dh lEiw.kZrk esa ck/kd gqbZ gSA ys[kd us cqUnsyh dks ^[kk¡^ cksyh]^[kksa cksyh tSlh rhu fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij foHkkftr fd;k gS] tks Hkk"kkfoKku dhn`f"V ls LFkwy foHkktu gh izrhr gksrk gSA blh izdkj ds foHkktu dks fxz;lZu usvius Hkk"kk&losZ{k.k ds [k.M 9 esa izLrqr fd;k gSA v/;;u dh n`f"V ls ;giz'kaluh; dk;Z gS] tks cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks le>kus esa lgk;rk nsrk gSA ijUrq ys[kdus bls O;kid ifjizs{; esa fopkjk gksrk rks vf/kd lkexzh feyrhA blh izdkj ys[kdus cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks ljy] cksèkxE; cukus dk iz;Ru rks fd;k gS] ij Hkk"kkxr~fDy"Vrk vke cqUnsyh v/;srk ds fy;s ckèkd curh gSA oSls ;g iqLrd Hkk"kk'kkL=h;v/;;u esa ehy dk iRFkj gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 52

ccccc qUnsyh dk O;kdjkf.kd vuq'khyu &qUnsyh dk O;kdjkf.kd vuq'khyu &qUnsyh dk O;kdjkf.kd vuq'khyu &qUnsyh dk O;kdjkf.kd vuq'khyu &qUnsyh dk O;kdjkf.kd vuq'khyu & MkW- vkjrh nqcs¼izdk'kd & lkFkZd izdk'ku] xkSre uxj] ubZ fnYyh½

eSaus cqansyh ds O;kdjf.kd vuq'khyu iqLrd esa caqnsyh ds mn~Hko vkSj fodklds lkFk&lkFk blds fofHkUu {ks=kas dk fu:i.k] fu/kkZj.k fd;k gSA oSls rks ;FkklaHkoblesa izLrqr fd;s x;s fu"d"kksZa ls eSa larq"V gw¡A pw¡fd ;g 'kks/k izca/k Fkk blfy;s blesaeSaus ,d 'kks/k Nk= dh lhekvksa rd gh dk;Z fd;k Fkk bl dk;Z ds nkSjku essjseuksefLr"d esa bl iqLrd dh foLr`r Hkwfedk Fkh fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dslg;ksx izdkf'kr gksdj lkdkj :i esa gSA bl iqLrd dks eSaus rhu [k.Mksa esafoHkkftr dj fo'ysf"kfr fd;k gSA [k.M izFke ds v/;k; izFke esa cqUnsyh ds mn~HkovkSj fodkl uked 'kh"kZd esa cqUnsyh e/;izns'k dh egRoiw.kZ Hkk"kk] Hkk"kk foKku dsfl)karksa ds vuqlkj cqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl] cqUnsyh iwoZ Hkk"kk dk Lo:i]cqUnsyh ds {ks= ,oa cqUnsyh dh lhek,¡] mi'kh"kZdksa ds varxZr izLrqr fd;k gSA nwljsv/;k; esa cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :i 'kh"kZd ds varxZr cqUnsyh ds nks eq[; Hkkx ¼1½ cqUnsyhdk fefJr :i ,oa ¼2½ cqUnsyh dk 'kq) :i] fd;s gSaA r`rh; v/;k; esa cqUnsyh cksyhij gq, dk;Z ,d losZ{k.k 'kh"kZd ds varxZr cqUnsyh cksyh vkSj mlds O;kdj.k ijdk;Z djus okys eq[; fo}kuksa ds dk;ksZa dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k gSA prqFkZ v/;k; iwoZ'kks/k dh dfe;k¡ vkSj fn'kk,¡ uke ls vkysf[kr gS ftuesa cqUnsyh ij vHkh rd ftrusHkh eq[; 'kks/k dk;Z gq, gSa yxHkx lHkh dh dfe;ksa dk mYys[k vkxzg fd;k gSAik¡pok v/;k; cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ds lzksr ,oa vk/kkj uke ls gSA blesa cqUnsyh ds muleLr izeq[k lzksrksa ,oa vk/kkjksa dk mYys[k gS ftUgsa /;ku esa j[kdj] vFkkZr ftudsvk/kkj ij eSaus cqUnsyh dh ;g O;kdj.k rS;kj dh gSA

iqLrd dk f}rh; [k.M 'kks/k dh ewy fo"k; oLrq cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ls laca)gSA ftlds vUrxZr eSaus fo"k;&oLrq dks foLrkj ls izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA;w¡ rks fdlh Hkh cksyh dk laiw.kZ O;kdj.k laxzghr djuk vR;ar nq"dj dk;Z gS fdUrqesjs le{k iwoZ O;kdj.kkpk;ksZa dh ijaijk Li"V Fkh ftlds vk/kkj ij eSaus viuhlkeF;kZuqlkj cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks fo'ysf"kr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

iqLrd ds r`rh; ,oa vafre [k.M ifjf'k"V ds :i esa gSA bl [k.M dks eSauspkj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k gSA ifjf'k"V dk izFke Hkkx lwpd tks fd dgkuh dsvuqokn ,oa lwpd dh Lo;a dh dgkuh ds :i esa gSA 'kks/k dh vk/kkj fo"k; oLrq ;ghizFke ifjf'k"V gSA f}rh; ifjf'k"V esa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dh ewyk/kkj laLd`r ls yh xbZ

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 53

pkj ikfV;k¡ gS ftudk cqUnsyh :i Hkh lkFk esa gSA ifjf'k"V ds r`rh; Hkkx esa cqUnsyhcksyh esa fy[ks x;s dfoRoksa ,oa nksgksa dk izLrqrhdj.k gS ftuesa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dslkFk cqUnsy[k.M ds tu thou dh i|kRed tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA ifjf'k"V prqFkZesa gS

, fyafofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh&, fyafofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh&, fyafofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh&, fyafofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh&, fyafofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh& MkW- ,e-ih- tk;loky¼izdk'kd & yhMsu bZ-tS- fczt 1962½

izLrqr iqLrd MkW- tk;loky dh Mh-fyV~ dk 'kks/k&izca/k gS] ftls mUgksausfons'kh izokl dky ds nkSjku mV~fjp fo'ofo|ky; esa rS;kj fd;k FkkA Hkwfedk esays[kd us vius bl dk;Z dks fgUnh cksfy;ksa ds laca/k esa fd;s tkus okys dk;kasZ dkizkjfEHkd iz;kl ekuk gSA ys[kd ds erkuqlkj &

THE MAIN AIM OF THIS TREATISE IS TO FILL A GAP IN THE

EXPLORATION OF HINDI DIALECTS. AT THE SAME TIME IT IS HOPED

THAT IT WILL ALSO PREPARE A SCIENTIFIC BASE FOR MORE

DETAILED STUDY OF WESTERN HINDI AND PROVIDE THE FUTURE

STUDENT WITH SOME AUTHENTIC MATERIAL WHICH PREVIOUSLY

WAS INACCESSIBLE.5

bl iqLrd esa ys[kd us izkjEHk esa Hkwfedk ds rRi'pkr~ iz;qDr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksads laf{kIr :i dks izLrqr fd;k gSA Hkwfedk esa cqUnsyh Hkwfe dk bfrgkl] if'peh fgUnhdh fo'ks"krk,¡] cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :i vkSj v/;;u lkexzh dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA 'kks/kizca/k dk eq[; fo"k; /ofufoKku ds izFke v/;k; ds :i esa izkjaHk gksrk gSA blesaLoj& O;atuksa dk oxhZdj.k LFkku iz;Ru Hksn ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA blh v/;k; esa gh vuqukfld Lojk?kkr] mPpkj.k] Loj ijforZu vkSj O;atuksa dk lkaxksikaxfoospu gqvk gSA f}rh; v/;k; tks fd :i foKku ls lacaf/kr gS& esa laKk] loZuke]fo'ks"k.k] la[;k lEca/k lwpd] vifjorZu'khy fØ;k] dkjd izfØ;k vkSj cyk?kkr6 dsvykok ifjf'k"V esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds uewus vkSj cqUnsyh dk laf{kIr 'kCndks'k fn;kx;k gSA ;fn izLrqr iqLrd dk fgUnh :ikUrj miyC/k gksrk rks bldhvkykspuk&izR;kykspuk ds vf/kd volj gksrsA D;ksafd bl iqLrd esa cqUnsyh dkHkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u rks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq v/;;u lkexzh ladyu dk{ks= dsoy Vhdex<+ ftyk gh gS] tks fd izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.k ugha ekuktk ldrk] D;ksafd cqUnsyh dks vusd :iksa esa vyx&vyx cksyk tkrk gS vkSj budk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 54

rqyukRed :i esa v/;;u visf{kr gSA oSls Hkh ys[kd us Li"V fd;k gS fd os fgUnhcksfy;ksa ds varjky dks Hkjus dk iz;Ru dj jgs gSaA fu"d"kZr% MkW- tk;loky dh ;giqLrd] y{ehpan uquk ds cqUnsyh ds lacaèk esa fd, x;s iz;Ruksa ls vkxs fd;k x;k ,dle`) iz;kl gS] tks cqUnsyh dh Hkk"kkoSKkfud izo`fÙk dks le>us esa lgk;d gSA

cqUnsy[k.Mh; Hkk"kk& cqUnsy[k.Mh; Hkk"kk& cqUnsy[k.Mh; Hkk"kk& cqUnsy[k.Mh; Hkk"kk& cqUnsy[k.Mh; Hkk"kk& y{ehpan uquk¼izdk'kd uquk cznlZ] Vhdex<+] e/;izns'k] 1966½

cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ds izkjfEHkd iz;Ruksa ds :i esa izLrqr iqLrd dk egÙofufoZokn gSA ys[kd us Lo;a gh Hkwfedk esa Lohdkj djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd& ^cqUnsyhHkk"kk dh ;g izkFkfed iqLrd gSA vr% 'kq#vkr dh dfe;k¡ gksrs gq, Hkh ;g viukdke djsxhA iqLrd dk eq[; mn~ns'; lkfgR; lkSUn;Z ugha] vieku esa iM+h viuhekr`Hkwfe ds vfLrRo dk izdk'ku ,oa j{kk FkkA^7

mi;qZDr dFku ls Li"V gS fd uquk th us izkekf.kd O;kdj.k fy[kus dk iz;klugha fd;k gSA 108 i`"Bksa dh bl iqLrd esa cqUnsyh Hkk"kk] cqUnsy[k.M ds bfrgkl] èofuvkSj mPpkj.k fØ;k] cqfu;knh fØ;k] fØ;kvksa ds dkylEcU/kh :ikUrj] laKk]loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k fo'ks"k.k] laca/k okpd] leqP;okpd] foLe;kfn cks/kd]okD;xBu] lekl vkSj cqUnsy[k.M Hkwfe vkfn tSls 'kh"kZdksa 8 ls cqUnsy[k.M vkSjcqUnsyh dh lexz tkudkjh nsus dh ps"Vk dh gSA ;|fi ;g iqLrd cqUnsyh dh LFkwy:ijs[kk gh izLrqr djrh gS] fQj Hkh blesa fo"k; dks fdafpr Hkh dke djus okyksa us,d er ls cqUnsyh dh nl Loj /ofu;ksa dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA O;atu /ofu;ksa ds lanHkZesa vUrj feyrs gSaA y{ehpan uquk us dsoy 27 O;atu ekus gSaA nsoukxjh fyfi ds 16v{kj _] e] y`] va] v%] u] ³] .k] <+] 'k] "k] ;] o] {k] =] K vkius lfEefyr ughafd, gSaA

uquk th us Lojksa ds mPpkj.k ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ funsZ'k ugha fn;k gSA os cqUnsyhvkSj fgUnh ds mPpkj.kksa esa Li"V Hksn crkus esa Hkh vleFkZ jgs gSaA mUgksaus Li"V djukpkgk gS fd fgUnh Lojksa dk iz;ksx djrs le; muesa v^ dk fo'ks"k ;ksx gksrk gS vkSjbl ^v^ dks lekIr dj nsus ij cqUnsyh dh /ofu cu tkrh gSA blh izdkj ^m^ ^b^ds mPpkj.k esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA9 'ks"k O;kdj.k esa uquk th us fgUnh O;kdj.k dkvk/kkj cukdj cqfu;knh fØ;k;ksa dh yEch rkfydk nh gSA cqUnsyh dh 750 ewyfØ;k,¡ nsdj mldh 2050 ls vf/kd /kkrq,¡ crk;h gSaA uquk th us cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dk{ks= Hkh cgqr O;kid ekuk gSA Hkk"kkfonksa dh ekU;rk gS fd mRrjizns'k ds ik¡p ftys

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 55

vkSj e/;izns'k ds ik¡p ftys feydj fo'kq) cqUnsyh dk {ks= cukrs gSaA ijUrq uquk thus bl {ks= esa lÙkkbl ftys] mRrjizns'k ds >k¡lh] tkykSu] gehjiqj] ck¡nk rFkkeè;izns'k ds rsbl ftys tcyiqj ls jktx<+ rd ujflagiqj] fNUnokM+k] ckyk?kkVlesr fHk.M] eqjSuk lfEefyr gSaA10 okLro esa ;g fo'ys"k.k o`gRrj cqUnsy[k.M dh:ijs[kk rks izLrqr djrk gS] ysfdu cqUnsyh ds 'kq) {ks= dks iznf'kZr ugha djrkAD;ksafd ueZnk ds uhps dk fgLlk fefJr cqUnsyh dk gSA blh izdkj pacy vkSjdkyhfla/k ds Åij dk fgLlk ekyoh vkSj czt izHkkfor gSA fu"d"kZr% uquk th dh ;giqLrd izkjafHkd iz;Ruksa ds :i esa oanuh; gS] ijUrq cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks iw.kZ :i esaizLrqr djus esa l{ke ugha gSA

cqUnsyh % ,d Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u& cqUnsyh % ,d Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u& cqUnsyh % ,d Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u& cqUnsyh % ,d Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u& cqUnsyh % ,d Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u& vk- nqxkZpj.k 'kqDy@dSyk'kfcgkjh f}osnh

¼izdk'kd & dyk ifj"kn] Vhdex<+½

izLrqr iqLrd cqUnsyh ls lacaf/kr fuca/kksa dk ladyu gS] ftuds ek/;e lsjpukdkjksa us cqUnsyh dh Hkk"kkoSKkfud izd`fr fo'ysf"kr djus dh ps"Vk dh gSA viusbl iz;kl dks ys[kdksa us cqUnsyh ds {ks=h; :i] cqUnsyh dk lektSfrgkfld Lo:i]cqUnsyh Lojksa dk /ofu oSKkfud v/;;u] 'kCn lEink] yqIrizk; 'kCnkoyh] cqUnsyh'kCnksa dk O;qRifRr ewyd v/;;u] vFkZ oSKkfud v/;;u] fyax O;oLFkk ,oa cqUnsyhdh pkj ikfV;ksa] tSls fo"k; 'kh"kZdksa ds ekè;e ls Li"V fd;k gSA gkykafd iqLrd dk'kh"kZd oSKkfud fof/k ls cqUnsyh ds v/;;u dks mtkxj djrk gS] ijUrq iqLrd dhfo"k;oLrq oSKkfudrk dks izekf.kr ugha djrh gSA lEiknd ds ek= bl dFku lsfd& nksuksa ys[kd blh {ks= ds gSa] Hkk"kk foKku ds fo|kFkhZ jgs gSaA mudk izLrqrhdj.kfufoZokn :i ls vf/kd vkReh; ,oa izkekf.kd ekuk tk;sxk^] izLrqr fo"k;oLrq dhHkk"kkoSKkfud izkekf.kdrk fl) ugha gks tkrhA ;fn fo"k;oLrq lwpdksa ds vk/kkj ijladfyr dh tkrh vkSj mldk foLr`r :i ls fo'ys"k.k dj fu"d"kZ fy;s tkrs rksiqLrd dk vyx gh :i gksrkA

ys[kd}; us MkW- egs'kizlkn tk;loky vkSj MkW- jkes'oj izlkn vxzoky dhiqLrdksa dks vk/kkj cukdj laLd`r dh ijEijk ls tksM+k gS ,oa fu"d"kZ fn;s gSaA cqUnsyh,d foLr`r {ks= ,oa le`) lkfgR; dh cksyh gSA ys[kd us vius fo"k;kUrxZr lw=

'kSyh dks viuk;k gS] ftlds dkj.k fo"k;oLrq v/kwjh ,oa fdafpr nq#g gks x;h gS]

ftlds dkj.k iqLrd esa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ds leLr vaxksikaxksa dks lekfo"V ugha fd;k

tk ldrk gSA ^cqUnsyh dh yqIrizk; 'kCnkoyh^ ,oa ^vksuk ek lh ?ke^ tSls fucU/k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 56

uohu gSaA fu"d"kZr% ;g iqLrd cqUnsyh ds Lo:i fo'ys"k.k ds iz;klksa dh Üka[kyk dh

,d dM+h gS] tks vius vki esa egÙoiw.kZ gSA

cqUnsyh dkO;ijEijk Hkkx&1 ¼izkphu dkO;½cqUnsyh dkO;ijEijk Hkkx&1 ¼izkphu dkO;½cqUnsyh dkO;ijEijk Hkkx&1 ¼izkphu dkO;½cqUnsyh dkO;ijEijk Hkkx&1 ¼izkphu dkO;½cqUnsyh dkO;ijEijk Hkkx&1 ¼izkphu dkO;½ & MkW- cyHknz frokjh

¼izdk'kd & cqUnsyh ihB] fgUnh foHkkx] lkxj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj 1971½

izLrqr iqLrd esa MkW- frokjh us cqUnsy[k.M ,oa cqUnsyh ij fopkj izdV djrs

gq,] cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks fdafpr~ foLrkj ds lkFk fo'ysf"kr fd;k gSA cqUnsyh dks

foxr 1000 o"kksZa ds yEcs le;kUrjky esa vusdkusd :iksa dks /kkj.k djuk iM+k gS]

mudh ppkZ bl iqLrd esa fo'kn :i esa fo|eku gSA lkFk gh 55 i`"Bksa esa cqUnsyh

O;kdj.k dk foospu Hkh fd;k x;k gSA11

ys[kd us fxz;lZu ds vk/kkj ij gh cqUnsyh dks 13 izeq[k Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk gS vkSj

izR;sd Hkkx ds cqUnsyh :i ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa dk funsZ'k Hkh fn;k gSA MkW- fxz;lZu us

vius Hkk"kk losZ{k.k esa ftu rF;ksa dks NksM+ fn;k Fkk os lexz :i esa ugha rks fdafpr~

:i esa gh bl iqLrd esa gSaA ys[kd us cqUnsyh dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,¡ n'kkZrs gq, FkksM+s

ls mnkgj.k Hkh fn;s gaS] tks cqUnsyh lkfgR; vkSj cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dh izd`fr dks le>kus

esa lgk;rk iznku djrs gSaA cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ds varxZr MkW- frokjh us nl Loj ,oa

bDÙkhl O;atu ekus gSa] ftUgsa LFkku&iz;Ru ds vk/kkj ij mPpkj.k :i esa oxhZd`r

fd;k x;k gSA rRi'pkr~ laKk] fyax] opu] dkjd&foèkku] loZuke vkSj mudk :i

foospu] fo'ks"k.k fØ;k cukus ds fu;e dky] foLe;kfn cks/kd lekl ,oa d`nUr vkfn

O;kdj.k laca/kh fo"k;ksa ij ys[kd us fopkj fd;k gSA12 bl lcds ckotwn fo"k;oLrq

dh laf{kIrrk iqLrd esa deh dk vkHkkl djkrh gSA blh izdkj lhekorhZ cqUnsyh ds

O;kdj.k :iksa dks NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA fu"d"kZr% cqUnsyh ij fy[kh x;h ;g ,d

izkekf.kd iqLrd gS] tks foLrkj dh vis{kk j[krh gSA

cqUnsyh esa 'kks/k dh u;h&u;h fn'kkvksa ds vUrxZr ftrus 'kks/kizca/k gq, gSa] muesa

MkW- ioudqekj tSu dk 'kks/kizca/k ^cqUnsyh {ks= ds O;olk; ,oa mudh 'kCnkoyh^ Hkh

,d gS tks fd cqUnsyh ds {ks= esa gq, izkjafHkd 'kks/kizca/kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA

ys[kd us Li"V fd;k gSa fd& ^vHkh rd cqUnsyh cksyh dk dksbZ Hkh 'kCnlaxzg ns[kus

esa ugha vk;k gSA bl izdkj ;g izca/k cqUnsyh dh O;kolkf;d 'kCnkoyh ds 'kCn laxzg

ds vHkko dh iwfrZ djus dk izFke ekSfyd iz;kl gSA^

bl 'kks/kizca/k dks MkW- ioudqekj tSu us ik¡p v/;k;ksa esa foHkDr fd;k gSA izFke

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 57

vè;k; ds vUrxZr tks fd ^d`f"k^ 'kh"kZd ls ukekafdr gS( esa rsjg izdj.k gSa] ftuesaHkwfe dk oxhZdj.k ls ysdj [ksr] [kkn] tqrkbZ] oqckbZ] flapkbZ] Qlysa] [ksrh ds lk/kuvkfn fo"k;ksa dks 'kks/k dk vk/kkj cuk;k x;k gSA nwljs v/;k; esa Hkkstu] lCth] Qy]

feBkbZ] ekal] nw/k] iku] rsy] pyrk&fQjrk O;olk; cM+h] ikiM+] fdjkuk] ?kh] ikuh

vkfn ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh gSA

rhljs v/;k; ^oL=kHkw"k.k vkSj lkt&lTtk^ esa ctkth] flykbZ] ljkQk]

efugkjh] ds'kdrZu] /kqykbZ] peZ m|ksx vkfn fo"k; gSaA

prqFkZ v/;k; ds vUrxZr ^x`g fuekZ.k vkSj x`g lkexzh^ ls lacaf/kr lkexzh

lax`ghr gS] ftlesa c<+bZfxjh] feV~Vh vkSj ck¡l ds crZu] HkV~Vk] jLlh cukuk] >kMw] ?kj

ds foHkkx bR;kfn fo"k; 'kks/k dh fo"k;oLrq gSA

iape v/;k; esa ^brj O;olk;^ 'kh"kZd ls fo"k; lkexzh izLrqr dh x;h gSA

;g vè;k; 'kks/k dk lcls cM+k v/;k; gS] ftlesa taxyh O;olk;ksa ls ysdj tqvk]

lkgwdkjh] lisjs] yksgk] ns'kh nokb;ksa dh 'kCnkoyh laxzg dh x;hA bu v/;k;ksa dh

lkexzh ds vykok ifjf'k"Vksa esa Hkh fo"k;&lkexzh izLrqr dh xbZ gSA ifjf'k"V izFke

esa cqUnsyh rFkk cztHkk"kk 'kCnkoyh dk rqyukRed v/;;u izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl

ifjf'k"V esa cqUnsyh vkSj czt ds ,sls 'kCnksa dks izLrqr fd;k gS] tks nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa

mPpkj.k rFkk vFkZ dh n`f"V ls lekurk fy, gq, gSaA

f}rh; ifjf'k"V esa cqUnsyh vkSj czt ds ,sls 'kCnksa dh rqyukRed O;k[;k izLrqr

gS] ftuesa fd vFkZxr lekurk rks gS] ijUrq mPpkj.k esa varj gSA vafre ifjf'k"V esa

cqUnsyh vkSj czt ds ,sls 'kCnksa dk v/;;u gS] ftuesa 'kCnlkE; rks gS] ijUrq vFkZ esa

fHkUurk gSA

mi;qZDr fo"k;oLrq ds vykok 'kCnkuqØef.kdk] iqLrdksa dh lwph ,oa var esa

O;olk;ksa dh dqN oLrqvksa ds fp= izLrqr fd;s x;s gSaA

;ksa rks ^cqUnsyh esa 'kks/k iz;Ruksa dh n`f"V ls ;g 'kks/kizca/k egÙoiw.kZ gS] fdUrq

ifjorZu dqN vkSj gksrs rks izca/k dk ,d vyx gh :i fy;s gksrk ,oa oSKkfud iz;Ruksa

ds lehi gksrkA izFker% izLrqr izca/k dsoy lkxj ftys dh cqUnsyh dks vk/kkj cukdj

fy[kk x;k gSA fu'p; gh cqUnsyh ds vU; ftyksa ds vusd 'kCnksa esa fofHkUurk,¡ gaS]

ftUgsa rqyukRed :i ls izLrqr fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA 'kh"kZd esa ^cqUnsyh {ks= ds

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 58

O;olk; ,oa mudh 'kCnkoyh^ vafdr gS] tcfd 'kCnkoyh dsoy lkxj ftys dh gh

gSA lkexzh dk foHkktu Hkh ;Fkksfpr izrhr ugha gksrkA mnkgj.kkFkZ& [kkus&ihus laca/

kh 'kCnkoyh dks i`Fkd~ ,oa mlls lacaf/kr O;olk;ksa dh 'kCnkoyh dks vyx 'kh"kZdksa

ds vUrxZr pyrs&fQjrs O;olk; ,oa xYyk O;olk; dh 'kCnkoyh esa lax`ghr fd;k

gSA tcfd ^brj O;olk;^ 'kh"kZd esa O;olk;ksa ds 'kCn lax`ghr gSaA blh izdkj

^oL=kHkw"k.k vkSj lkt&lTtk^ tSls 'kh"kZd dh 'kCnkoyh esa peZ m|ksx^ dks lfEefyr

fd;k gS] tcfd ^peZ m|ksx^ 'kh"kZd gh O;olk; fo'ks"k dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gS u

fd lkt&lTtk dh Js.kh dk] bls O;olk;ksa dh lwph esa LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg,

FkkA blh izdkj 'kCnksa ds ladyu esa vusd izeq[k oLrqvksa dh 'kCnkoyh dks NksM+ fn;k

gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& d`f"k dh 'kCnkoyh esa ^cSyxkM+h^ tSls 'kCn dks NksM+ fn;k x;k gS]

tcfd ^cqUnsy[k.M esa cSyxkM+h^ izeq[k lk/ku gSA blh izdkj [ksrh dh 'kCnkoyh rks

gS] vukt fudkyus dh fØ;k ftls ^nk¡;^ djuk dgrs gSa] fd 'kCnkoyh dk mYys[k

gh ugha gSA ^pfd;k pykuk^ x`g lkexzh ;k x`g laca/kh dk;Z gS] ftls ys[kd us

O;olk; dh Js.kh esa j[kk gSA blds flok bl 'kh"kZd esa ihlus] QVdus vkfn fØ;kvksa

dk mYys[k gS] tcfd dwVus tSlh egÙoiw.kZ izfØ;k dks NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA bl

lcds flok :bZ laca/kh O;olk;] jaxus laca/kh O;olk;] chM+h O;olk;] iRFkj ls

oLrqvksa cukus tSls xk¡oksa ds O;olk; dks ys[kd us vius 'kks/k dh fo"k;oLrq esa LFkku

ugha fn;k gSA

cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;& ';ke lqUnj ckny

¼izdk'kd & fgUnh lkfgR; ifj"kn] jkB] m-iz- 1964½

izLrqr iqLrd esa Jh ';kelqUnj ckny us izkjaHk esa cqUnsyh dh yksddfork Qkx

ds lkfgR; ij viuh fo'ys"k.kkRed n`f"V Mkyus ds i'pkr~ cqUnsyh ds Qkx lkfgR;

dh Hkk"kkxr lhek crykrs gq, mlds fofo/k izdkjksa dh ppkZ dh gSA13 viuh bl

iqLrd esa cqUnsyh ds laKk] loZuke] fØ;k] fØ;kFkZd laKk] fo'ks"k.k] vO;;] milxZ]

d`nUr vkfn ij fopkj fd;k gS vkSj Qkx lkfgR; esa vk;s dqN 'kCnksa dk fo'ys"k.k

izLrqr fd;k gSA ;s mnwZ] vaxzsth vkSj czt ds 'kCn gaSA okLro esa cqUnsyh dh fo'ks"krkvksa

dks vkSipkfjd :i ls izLrqr dj cknyth dk eq[; mn~ns'; cqUnsyh Qkx lkfgR;

esa ikBdksa dh :fp tkxzr djuk gh gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl iqLrd esa cqUnsyh

O;kdj.k dks laf{kIr :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA14 ;g dkO; dks le>us esa lgk;d

fl) gksrk gS] ijUrq cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks lexz :i esa fo'ysf"kr ugha dj ikrkA blh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 59

izdkj ys[kd us fxz;lZu ds fo'ys"k.k dks vk/kkj cukdj cqUnsyh dh fofHkUu cksfy;ksa

ij vius fopkj izdV fd;s gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bl iqLrd ds ek/;e ls cqUnsyh

O;kdj.k dk laiw.kZ vkSj lgh ifjKku laHko ugha gks ldk gSA

cqUnsyh dk yksdlkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk yksdlkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk yksdlkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk yksdlkfgR;& cqUnsyh dk yksdlkfgR;& MkW- jkeLo:i JhokLro¼izdk'kd & jatu izdk'ku] vkxjk] 1976½

yksd lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk dks Li"V djus okyh ;g iqLrd cqUnsyh ds mn~xevkSj fodkl15 ij la{ksi esa izdk'k Mkyrh gSA bl iqLrd esa cqUnsyh ds fofHkUu :iksadks ifjp;kRed :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA16 [kM+h cksyh ds lkFk cqUnsyh dhmi&cksfy;ksa ds uewus izLrqr djus ds fy;s ys[kd us gehjiqj] Nrjiqj] ck¡nk]gks'kaxkckn] Xokfy;j] xquk] lkxj vkfn ftyksa dh ckfy;ksa dks dsoy rhu okD;ksa17 dsek/;e ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] O;kdj.k ds fdlh vU; i{k dks ughaA blds vykokcqUnsyh dgkorksa dks Hkh ys[kd us viuh fo"k;&oLrq esa LFkku fn;k gSA fu"d"kZr% ;giqLrd cqUnsyh dh O;kdjf.kd lajpuk ij fo'ks"k izdk'k ugha MkyrhA oLrqr% cqUnsyhyksdlkfgR; dh lkekU; lh izLrqfr gh gSA

cqUnsyh esa 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k fnu izfr&fnu c<+rh tk jgh gSA MkW-Hkxokunhu feJ Hkk"kkfoKku ls tqM+s ,sls cqUnsyh izseh Hkk"kkoSKkfud gSa] ftUgksaus cqUnsyhesa 'kks/k dh uohu fn'kkvksa dk ifjp; djk;k gSA feJth us cqUnsyh dh HkkSxksfydfLFkfr ds uohu fo'ys"k.k dh n`f"V ls lkxj fo'ofo|ky; dh e/;Hkkjrh if=dk ds1973 ds vad 14&16 esa ^cqUnsyh dh lhek,¡ ekufp=xr ,d v/;;u losZ{k.k ukedys[k esa MkW- fxz;lZu ds cqUnsyh ls lacaf/kr dk;Z] MkW- /khjsUnz oekZ] MkW- cyHknz frokjh]MkW- jkes'ojizlkn vxzoky] MkW- ,e-ih- tk;loky] MkW- gjnso ckgjh] MkW- yrk nqcs] MkW-ghjkyky 'kqDy ,oa Lo;a ds dk;Z dks vius fo'ys"k.k dk vk/kkj cuk;k gSA gkykafdmi;qZDr ys[kdksa ds dk;ksZa ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ gh izLrqr dh x;h gSa] ijUrq lVhdgSaA ys[k dks i<+dj de ls de le; esa cqUnsyh ls lacaf/kr 'kks/kdk;ksZa dh ¼fo'ks"kr%cqUnsyh dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ij½ tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA MkW- feJ dknwljk ys[k lkxj fo'ofo|ky; ds fgUnh ds cqUnsyh ihB dh okf"kZd if=dk ^bZlqjh83&84^ esa m)`r gSA if=dk ds izFke [k.M esa lkxj ftyk dk dykfuf/k^ d`".k HkV~Vnsof"kZ uked 'kh"kZd cqUnsyh dh foLe`r izfrHkk dk ifjp; djk;k gS] tcfd blhif=dk ds [k.M rhu esa Hkk"kk vkSj cksyh ds varxZr cqUnsyh dk vcqUnsyh {ks=^ ukedys[k esa ck¡nk ftys dh Hkk"kk;h fLFkfr dk ewY;kadu izLrqr fd;k gSA D;ksafd dqN

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 60

Hkk"kkoSKkfud ck¡nk ftys dks cqUnsyh {ks= ds varxZr ekurs gSa rks dqN ughaA izLrqrys[k esa MkW- feJ us crk;k gS fd ck¡nk ftys dh cksyh ij cSlokM+h ,oa vo/kh dh ,diz/kku micksyh dk izHkko vf/kd gS] vis{kkd`r cqUnsyh dsA vius fu"d"kZ dh iqf"V esays[kd us Hkk"kkoSKkfud i)fr ds vk/kkj izek.k izLrqr fd;s gSaA MkW- feJ ds mi;qZDrys[k cqUnsyh ds 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fn'kk& funsZ'ku djrs gSaA ys[kd dk Lo;a dk'kksèk&izca/k ck¡nk ftys ds Hkk"kk Hkwxksy^ ij gS] ftlls gesa cqUnsyh dh lhekvksa ds lacèkesa fu"d"kZ fudkyus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u& ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u& ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u& ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u& ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dk O;kdjf.kd v/;;u& MkW- jek tSu¼izdk'kd & foU/;kpy izdk'ku] Nrjiqj e-iz-½

izLrqr 'kks/kizca/k vo/ks'kizrki flag fo'ofo|ky;] jhok dh ih-,p-Mh- dh fMxzhds fy, izLrqr fd;k x;k FkkA blesa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks laf{kIr :i esa izLrqr fd;kx;k gSA fo"k; izos'k esa ysf[kdk us cqUnsy[k.M ds HkkSxksfyd] ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd]lkaLd`frd ,oa lkfgfR;d ifjp; ds lkFk cqUnsyh Hkk"kk ds mn~xe fodkl rFkkmldh cksfy;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u izLrqr fd;k gSA izFke [k.M esa o.kZ fopkj gSAf}rh; [k.M esa 'kCn fopkj gSA blesa cqUnsyh Hkk"kk ds fodkjh vkSj vfodkjh 'kCnksadk mnkgj.k lfgr vuq'khyu gSA izpfyr Hkk"kk ds fofo/k mnkgj.kksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSArhljk [k.M okD; fopkj ls laacaf/kr gSA blesa cqUnsyh okD;jpuk] okD;ksa ds fofoèkizdkjksa] fojke fpàksa vkfn fo"k;ksa ij lEidZ izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA ifjf'k"V esa bl {ks=esa izpfyr O;kdj.k rFkk laf/k laca/kh ikfV;k¡ nh x;h gSaA ;s cqUnsyh dh ikfV;k¡laLd`r O;kdj.k lw=ksa ds cqUnsyh :i gSaA

ysf[kdk us ;g 'kks/kizca/k fxz;lZu ds Hkk"kk losZ{k.k dk vk/kkj cukdj gh izLrqrfd;k gSA blesa rc ds izdkf'kr laf{kIr O;kdj.kksa dh dgha Hkh ppkZ ugha gS vkSj ugh ysf[kdk us dksbZ ,slk iz;Ru gh fd;k gS fd og ';kelqUnj ckny] xkSjh'kadjf}osnh] jktsUnz flag] MkW- egs'kizlkn tk;loky] MkW- cyHknz frokjh ds }kjk fyf[krxazFkksa dk voyksdu djs vkSj cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks lgh fn'kk ns ldasA cqUnsyh lkfgR;dk fdafpr v/;;u Jherh jek tSu dks djus dh vko';drk gh eglwl ugha gqbZ]vU;Fkk ^';kelqUnj ckny tSls euh"kh }kjk fyf[kr laf{kIr O;kdj.k dk mYys[k osvo'; djrhaA ,d vU; rF; ;g gS fd xzaFk dh lajpuk esa laLd`r vkSj laLd`r dsO;kdj.k dk izHkwr ek=k esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh^ dk vFkZ fxz;lZuds }kjk izfrikfnr izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dks ekudj ysf[kdk us viuh bfrdrZO;rk le>

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 61

yh gSA tgk¡ rd cqUnsyh dh lkekU; fo'ks"krkvksa dh ckr gS] ysf[kdk bUgsa Hkh BhdBkd izLrqr djus esa vleFkZ jgha gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd cqUnsy[k.M esa ljljh rkSjij vkSj cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ij lrgh rkSj ij fopkj djds ysf[kdk fgUnh O;kdj.k dkscqUnsyh cksyh ij vkjksfir dj jgh gSaA ;fn Jherh jek tSu us MkW- d`".kyky gal dh

^cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i^ uked iqLrd ¼lu~ 1976½ dk v/;;u fd;k gksrk

rks ^cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd v/;;u^ esa vf/kd lVhd vk/kkj feyk gksrkA bl izdkj

Jherh jek tSu us O;kdj.k fy[kk gS vkSj ftlesa lwpdksa dk vk/kkj ugha gS vkSj u

gh ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh dks O;kdj.k esa ck¡/kus dh ps"Vk dh x;h gSA

cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i& cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i& cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i& cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i& cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i& MkW- d`".kyky gal

¼fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] iz;kx] 1976 esa izdkf’kr 'kks/k izca/k½

cqUnsyh ds Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u dh n`f"V ls fd;k x;k vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ

oSKkfud v/;;u gSA MkW- izseukjk;.k 'kqDy us bl 'kks/kizca/k ds egÙo dks m)`r

djrs gq, fy[kk gS& ^MkW- gal us bl xzaFk ds iz.k;u esa v/kqukru rduhdksa ds

lkFk&lkFk O;kid ifjHkze.k dj viuh v/;;u lkexzh dk lkFkZd la;kstu] laiknu

,oa ladyu fd;k gSA cqUnsyh yksdxhrksa] yksddFkkvksa] yksdksfDr;ksa] eqgkojksa ,oa

{ks=h; 'kCnkofy;ksa dk Jelk/; laxzg djds izR;sd n`f"V ls lokZaxiw.kZ xzaFk izLrqr

djus dk mudk ;g LrqR; iz;kl gSA^18

gal th dk ;g iz;kl jkes'ojizlkn vxzoky] egs'kizlkn tk;loky vkSj ih-

lh- JhokLro dh ijEijk esa gh gSA izLrqr&'kks/k izca/k esa cqUnsyh ds lHkh :iksa ,oa

mi:iksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u izLrqr fd;k gSA ;g 'kks/k izca/k rhu [k.Mksa esa

foHkkftr gSA

izFke [k.M esa ^cqUnsyh dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl^ 'kh"kZd ds varxZr cqUnsy[k.M

{ks= ds ukedj.k laca/kh ekU;rkvksa] {ks= dh HkkSxksfyd lhek] Hkk"kkbZ lhekadu vkfn

ds laf{kIr foospu ds i'pkr~ izFke v/;k; ls ysdj r`rh; v/;k; rd esa cqUnsyh ds

mn~Hko] cqUnsyh ds fofoèk :iksa dk fodkl rFkk yksdHkk"kk dh 'kCn lEink ds Hk.Mkj

dk fo'ys"k.kkRed foospu izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA f}rh; [k.M esa fo'kq) Hkk"kkoSKkfud

n`f"V ls cqUnsyh dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gaS] ftlesa cqUnsyh dk /ofu xzkfed ,oa in

xzkfed v/;;u^ uked 'kh"kZd nsdj ik¡p v/;k;ksa ds varxZr Øe'k% cqUnsyh dh /ofu]

/ofu fodkl] /ofu laxBu vkSj foLr`r inxzkfed v/;;u foosP; gSA r`rh; ,oa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 62

vafre [k.M esa ^cqUnsyh ds {ks=h; :i^ 'kh"kZd ds varxZRk laiw.kZ cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= esa

iz;qDr ,oa izpfyr cqUnsyh ds fofHkUu {ks=h; :iksa dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u izLrqr

fd;k x;k gSA bl [k.M ds izFke v/;k; esa cqUnsyh ds HkkSxksfyd Lo:i dk

izLrqrhdj.k gSA vxys v/;k; esa nf{k.kh] iwohZ] if'peh ,oa e/;orhZ {ks= ds cqUnsyh

:iksa dk oSKkfud foospu fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gSA bu lcds lkFk ifjf'k"V esa

fuekM+h vkSj cqUnsyh dk rqyukRed v/;;u izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

ys[kd dk iz;kl lHkh n`f"V;ksa ls mYys[kuh; gSA cqUnsyh dh 'kCnlEifRr dk

foospu vHkwriwoZ gSA cqUnsyh ds mi:iksa dk fo'ys"k.k ys[kd ds Jelk/; iz;kl dh

n`f"V dk izek.k gSA cqUnsyh ds fodkl ds lEcU/k esa gal th dk foospu cqUnsyh dh

,sfrgkfldrk dk rkfdZd izek.k gS] tks brus O;ofLFkr rjhds ls blh xzaFk esa ns[kus

esa fey ldk gS] ftls ys[kd us dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa] jktHkk"kk ds :i esa cqUnsyh dk

fodkl fn[kk;kA blh izdkj rRle 'kCnksa dk cqUnsyh esa :ikarj.k Hkh bl 'kks/kizcaèk

dh vHkwriwoZ fo'ks"krk gSA

MkW- d`".kyky gal us dbZ i=ksa] lunksa] f'kykys[kksa rFkk nkui=ksa ds vk/kkj ij

;g LFkkiuk nh gS fd if'peh fgUnh dh cksfy;ksa esa cqUnsyh ,d ek= ,slh cksyh gS]

ftls fujarj 400 o"kksZa rd jktHkk"kk ds xkSjoiw.kZ in ij izfrf"Br jgus dk volj

feyk gSA19 bl LFkkiuk ds vkjfEHkd izek.k esa mUgksaus fuEu lun nh gSA20

^ia- Jh xqlkbZ txthounkl tw dks fnoku Hkxoku jkbZ tw nso vkij nfNuk

nk[ky ik j[k fn;ksa eqedks ijxus Mkejhu ds befy;k ekSth cekSjk jde gcwc ekQ

ijokuxh jksgcjkS dksm eqtkbZ u gq, cjdjkj] csn[kdu vk"kk<+ lnhA laor~ 1635

eqdke tSjkSu fy[kr izk% ek[kuA^

bl lun ds vUrxZr laor~ 1635 dh cqUnsyh dk og x| :i gS] tks bl le;

jktdkt ds :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k FkkA dsUnzh; lRrk esa eqfLye vkf/kiR;

ds dkj.k Qkjlh dk izHkko cqUnsyh ij Hkh Li"V fn[kk;h nsrk gS vkSj ijxus] ekStks]

ijokuxh] jkSgcjkS] eqtkbZu] fjdjkj] csn[ky 'kCn :i blh izHkko ds ifj.kke gSaA

cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&

MkW- yrk nqcs] funsZ'kd & MkW- jes'kpanz esgjks=k

izLrqr 'kks/kizca/k iw.kZ:is.k {ks=h; dk;Z ij vk/kkfjr cksyh& Hkwxksy dh fn'kk esa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 63

egÙoiw.kZ iz;kl gSA blesa cqUnsyh dh lhek js[kkvksa ,oa muds {ks= fu/kkZj.k leqnk;ksavkSj lwpdksa dk fooj.k rFkk bl {ks= esa izkIr /ofu foHksnksa dks 94 ekufp=ksa esa]èofudqy leqnk;ksa ds :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

/oU;kRed foHksnksa dh lkexzh dks nsoukxjh fyfi esa u fy[kk tkdjINTERNATIONAL PHONIXC ALAPHABATE esa fy[kk x;k gSA MkW- yrk nqcs us;g 'kks/k izca/k Ng v/;k;ksa esa fy[kk gSA

igys v/;k; esa& cqUnsyh ftyksa dk ekufp=] cqUnsyh {ks= dh lhek,¡] cqUnsyhdh micksfy;k¡] dk;Ziz.kkyh] dk;ZfoLrkj vkfn dk mYys[k gSA

nwljs v/;k; esa& leqnk;ksa dk ekufp= cuk;k x;k gSA leqnk;ksa dkstula[;k ds vkèkkj ij dqN oxksZa eas j[k fy;k FkkA

rhljs v/;k; esa& lwpd lwph rS;kj dh gS] lwpdksa ds izdkj bl rjg cuk;sx;s gSa & 'kgjh] f'kf{kr] lkekftd] o`) vkfnA

pkSFks v/;k; esa& rF; laxzg is'k fd;k x;k gSA

ik¡posa v/;k; esa& ekufp= cuk;s x;s gSa] tSls& Hksn ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 38½]LojHksn ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 34½] Lojkxe rFkk Lojyksi ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 4½] O;atukxerFkk O;atu yksi ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 6½] c<+kdj cksyus dh izo`fRr ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 6½]f}Ro ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 2½] lehdj.k esa vuqukfldrk okys ekufp= ¼Ø- 2½]fo"kehdj.k ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 1½] foi;Z; ds ekufp= ¼Ø- 3½A

vafre NBs v/;k; esa & leh{kk vkSj fu"d"kZ mPpkj.k ds vk/kkj ij cqUnsyh dh/ofuxr fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA ij muesa ifjorZuksa dh la[;k bruhvf/kd gS fd micksyh dh js[kk,¡ Li"V ugha [khaph tk ldrhA Hkk"kkfoKku dh n`f"Vls MkW- yrk nqcs dk ;g iz;kl cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA fof'k"V ;ksxnku djus okyk ;g'kks/k&izca/k cqUnsy[k.M dh Hkk"kk dks izzLrqr djus okys lexz O;kdj.k dh deh iwfrZugha djrk gSA oLrqr% cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dks la{ksi esa le>k fn;k x;k gS ;k mldkHkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u {ks=h; :iksa ds vk/kkj ij fn;k x;k gS] tks va'kr% rks vR;aregÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gS] ij cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd v/;;u esa lgt&ljy vkSj cks/kxE;rkds i{k ls 'kwU; gSA okLro esa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k ij vHkh rd lkaxksikax foospu gqvkgh ughaA dqN 'kks/kizca/k vo'; fy[ks x;s gSa ij os cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd vuq'khyuds fy;s iw.kZ ugha gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 64

cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&cqUnsyh {ks= dh cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh dk v/;;u&

MkW- jk/ks';ke nqcs] funsZ'kd & MkW- Hkxokunhu feJ

MkW- jk/ks';ke nqcs dk izLrqr 'kks/kizca/k cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr~ foHksnksa dh fp=koyh

dk vè;;u^24 iw.kZ:is.k {ks=h; Hkk"kk losZ{k.k ij vk/kkfjr dk;Z gSA bl 'kks/kizca/k esa

cqUnsyh ds vFkZxr foHksnksa ds varxZr 'kCn ds i;kZ;ksa vkSj vFkZHksnksa ds fooj.k dk

vè;;u gSA blesa micksyh {ks=ksa ds fuekZ.k ij izdk'k iM+rk gSA cqUnsyh {ks= laca/kh

xyrQgfe;k¡ nwj djus esa ;g 'kks/k izca/k lgk;d gSA MkW- jk/ks';ke nqcs dk ;g dk;Z

vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa Hkk"kkfoKku ds lkFk dyk] ekufodh rFkk thofoKku ds vuqlaèkku

drkZvksa dks Hkh tkudkjh ns ldrk gSA MkW- nqcs us rksM+k rjQnkj] >k¡lh vkfn esa Hkze.k

dj iz'ukofy;k¡ rS;kj dh gSa rFkk lwpd rS;kj fd;s gSa] fQj lwpdksa dks ekufp= ij

n'kkZ;k gSA izzLrqr izca/k esa nks izdkj ds ekufp= cuk;s x;s gSa& i;kZ; vkSj vFkZHksndA

MkW- nqcs us dqy 302 ekufp= rS;kj fd;s gSaA ys[kd us iz'ukoyh ls ysdj ekufp=

esa forj.k vkfn dks vius <ax ls j[kk gSA ;g v/;;u Ng v/;k;ksa esa j[kk x;k

gSA igyk v/;k; ¼Hkwfedk½& losZf{kr cqUnsyh {ks= dk fu/kkZj.k vkSj ifjp;kRed

tkudkjh ds lkFk fo"k; dk izLrqrhdj.k gSA

nwljk v/;k; & leqnk;ksa ds laca/k esa gSA

rhljk v/;k; & lwpdksa ds izdkj rFkk muds forj.k dk gSA

pkSFks v/;k; esa ladfyr lkexzh rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa& ,d:i] i;kZ; vkSj vFkZHksn

esa laikfnr gSA blds iwoZ esa 'kCnkoyh ¼iz'ukoyh½ nh x;h gSA ik¡pok¡ v/;k; cqUnsyh

ds ekufp=ksa esa ladfyr lkexzh ds forj.k dks n'kkZrk gSA

NBs v/;k; esa ladfyr lkexzh vkSj ekufp=ksa ds vk/kkj ij fo'ys"k.k fd;k

x;k gS] vkSj fu"d"kZ fn;s x;s gSaA var esa ifjf'k"V gSA

os/k] dsdk] pqdk] ujrk] lkFkZokgh vkSj O;kl cqUnsyh micksyh {ks=ksa dk foHkktu

fcYdqy uohu gSA budk 'kks/kizca/k vuqla/kku dh u;h fn'kk gSA

tSlk fd mi;qZDr fooj.k ls Li"V gS fd ;g 'kks/kizca/k cqUnsyh ds Hkk"kkoSKkfud

vkèkkj ij fy[kk x;k gSA ;g cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd i{k dks fcYdqy Hkh Li"V ugha

djrk] vr% cqUnsyh ds O;kdjf.kd i{k dh deh dks iwjk ugha djrk] tks fd cqUnsyh

cksyh ds fodkl ds fy, vR;ar vko';d i{k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 65

>k¡lh dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u>k¡lh dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u>k¡lh dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u>k¡lh dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u>k¡lh dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u& MkW- jketh'kj.k nkaxh

;g 'kks/k dk;Z vis{kkd`r fof'k"Vrk fy, gq, gSA vuqlaf/kRlq us >k¡lh ftys dscksyh :i dks fo'kq)] LVsaMMZ ekud vkSj ifjfuf"Br cqUnsyh ekuk gSA21

Loj O;atuksa dks vk/kkj cukdj >k¡lh ftys dh cksyh ds /ofu laxBu ij fopkjdjrs gq, MkW- nkaxh us vk¡rj] md#¡ vkSj vk¡r dh lkuqukfldrk ij rFkk vdqb;k]vkylh vkSj Hkkx vkfn dbZ 'kCnksa dh fujuqukfldrk ij fopkj fd;k gSA22 mUgksausukSa] ekSa] ykSa] HkkSa] nh] dk¡] tk¡ vkSj ek tSl ,dk{kjh O;ogkjksa dks fo'ysf"kr fd;k gS tksØe'k% uk[kwu] eq[k] rd] HkkSg] nhed dgk¡] tgk¡] ogk¡ ds vFkZ esa izpfyr gSaA

>k¡lh ftys esa O;ogkj esa ykbZ tkus okyh cksyh dh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk dksbl 'kksèk&izca/k esa laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k] fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] dkjdh; lajpuk'kh"kZdksa ds vUrxZr foosfpr fd;k x;k gSA23 fuBqobZ] ukrj] Bmvk] tkyax] okyax]tktksj] rifl;k vkSj fgauk tSls fof'k"V 'kCn O;ogkjksa dks Hkh fo'ys"k.k dk vk/kkjcuk;k x;k gS] tks Øe'k% fcYdqy ugha] ugha rks] dqN] b/kj&m/kj] bl le;]le>kSrk vkSj b/kj ds vFkZ nsrs gSaA >k¡lh ftys dh cksyh ds lEcU/k esa ;g 'kks/k&izcaèkmYys[kuh; gSA

cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;&cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;&cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;&cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;&cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;&Jh d`".kkuan xqIr

fcgkj jk"VªHkk"kk ifj"kn& iVuk ds uoe okf"kZdksRlo ij 28 ekpZ 1960 bZ- dksfn;k x;k ;g Hkk"k.k izdkf'kr gSA vius 35 i`"Bksa ds bl Hkk"k.k esa Jh d`".kkuan xqIrus izkjaHk esa cqUnsy[k.M dh lhekvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA Hkk"kkxr lhekvksa dksfuèkkZfjr djus ds i'pkr~ mUgksaus cqUnsyh ds {ks=h; :iksa dk fooj.k fn;k gSA mudsfoospukuqlkj cqUnsyh dk loZizFke mYys[k lu~ 1843 bZ- esa estj vkj- yhp us,f’k;kfVd lkslk;Vh ds tujy esa fd;k FkkA24 cqUnsyh dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks mn~?kkfVrdjrs gq, Jh xqIr th us lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk vkSdkjkUrrk dks ekuk gSA vuqukfldrk]gdkjyksi rFkk gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr dks Hkh mUgksaus fo'ysf"kr fd;k gSA O;kdj.klaca/kh laf{kIr :ijs[kk dks n'kkZus ds ckn cqUnsyh 'kCnlaifRr] lkfgR;] yksdlkfgR;dk fooj.k bl vkys[k ds vUrxZr gh ifjf'k"V esa lksgj] fookgxhr] ukSjrk] nknjs]xksVsa] i¡okjs] Hkkxsa] dukrsa] cq>kScysa mnkgj.k ds :i esa lfEefyr fd;s x;s gSaA blrjg cqUnsyh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh ifjp;kRed fo'ys"k.k esa bl vkys[k dkegÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 66

fHk.M dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu& fHk.M dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu& fHk.M dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu& fHk.M dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu& fHk.M dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu& MkW- ';kelqUnj lksufd;k

cqUnsy[k.M fo-fo- >k¡lh dh ih,p-Mh- mikf/k ds fy, ;g vizdkf'kr 'kkèk&izcaèkfo"k; izos'k ls ysdj ifjf'k"V rd nl v/;k;ksa esa oxhZd`r gSA blds vUrxZr fHk.Mftys dh cksyh ds 'kCn lEink dk inkFkZijd oxhZdj.k] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk] /ofulaca/kh fo'ys"k.k vkSj okD;jpuk ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk dsvarxZr 'kCn in] laKk] fyax] opu] dkjd] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k] vO;; rFkk'kCn:iksa dk foospu gSA25 fHk.M ftys dh cksyh esa lehdj.k dh izo`fÙk ¼gn~nbZ rksdn~nbZ½ dh Hkk¡fr loZ= miyC/k gSA26

dqN tkfr;k¡ fHk.M ftys ds varxZr lewg cukdj clh gqbZa gSaA lewg esa clusdh ;g izo`fÙk ,d vksj lRrk ds izfr vuqjkx dh ifjpk;d gS] rks nwljh vksjtkfrxr lqj{kk dk vkèkkj gSA bu tkfrlewgksa dks ^?kkj^ dgk tkrk gSA vFkZdsèkjkry ij fof'k"Vrk fy;s gksrk gS] ,sls ?kkjksa dks vk/kkj cukdj fHk.M ftykHknkoj ?kkj] tVokjk ?kkj] jktiwr ?kkj] ujofj;k ?kkj] vkSj dNok; ?kkj esa c¡Vk gqvkgS rFkk bl 'kks/kizca/k ds vUrxZr budh /ofuxr fof'k"Vrkvksa dks cksyh Hkwxksy dsekè;e ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

ujflagiqj dh cqUnsyh cksyh dk v/;;u&ujflagiqj dh cqUnsyh cksyh dk v/;;u&ujflagiqj dh cqUnsyh cksyh dk v/;;u&ujflagiqj dh cqUnsyh cksyh dk v/;;u&ujflagiqj dh cqUnsyh cksyh dk v/;;u& MkW- deyukjk;.k nqcs

tcyiqj fo'ofo|ky; }kjk ih-&,p-Mh- 'kks/kksikf/k ds fy, Lohd`r vizdkf'kr'kksèkizca/k MkW- deyukjk;.k nqcs dk gSA izkjaHk esa cqUnsyh dh Hkk"kkbZ lhek;sa fu/kkZfjrdjus ds i'pkr~ cqUnsyh dh Hkk"kkbZ lhekvksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA mRrj esacqUnsyh Hkk"kk{ks= dks MkW- nqcs pacy unh ds vkxs vkxjk vkSj eSuiqjh rd Lohdkj djrsgSaA27

ujflagiqj ftys ds varxZr nSfud O;ogkj esa vkus okyh cqUnsy[k.Mh cksyh dhO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk ij fopkj djus ds fy;s MkW- nqcs us /ofu 'kCn] in vkSj okD;jpuk ij fopkj fd;k gSA milxZ rFkk izR;;ksa ds ;ksx ls 'kCnkoyh ds fuekZ.k esa tks

lg;ksx feyrk gS] mldks fo'ysf"kr djrs gq, mUgksaus fyax ,oa opu dk foospu

fd;k gSA

bl 'kks/k&izca/k ds vUrxZr lHkh O;kdjf.kd dksfV;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k ftys esa

O;og`r cksyh:iksa dks vk/kkj cukdj fd;k x;k gSA iw¡Nr&iw¡Nr] f<axk&f<axk tSlh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 67

iqu#fDr;ksa28 Hkqulkjk] fnu p<+s] rqjrÅ¡] vxk#¡&iNk#¡] Hkk¡&>k¡] vxhfr&iNhfr tSls

fo'ks"k.kksa29 dkjdksa ds fodkjh vkSj vfodkjh :ikUrjksa30 dk fo'ys"k.k uked inlaKk

loZuke dh Hkk¡fr31 fd;k x;k gSA

cqUnsyh {ks= ds LFkku& vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u &cqUnsyh {ks= ds LFkku& vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u &cqUnsyh {ks= ds LFkku& vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u &cqUnsyh {ks= ds LFkku& vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u &cqUnsyh {ks= ds LFkku& vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u &

MkW- dkfeuh

thokth fo'ofo|ky; Xokfy;j dh Mh-fyV~- mikf/k ds fy, Lohd`r 'kks/kizcaèk

rsjg v/;k;ksa esa oxhZd`r gS] ftlesa cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= ds LFkku dh :i&jpuk ij

fopkj fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/kizca/k ds varxZr cqUnsyh ds Lo:i] fodkl vkSj

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk dk fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA32

bl 'kks/kizca/k ds vUrxZr yV~B] xktj] ewjk] cksjdk] Nksyu vkSj pepk tSls

thoUr 'kCn:iksa dks Hkh foosfpr fd;k gSA33

nfr;k ftys ds xzkeukeksa dh :ijpuk dks fo'ysf"kr djrs gq, Hkh MkW- dkfeuh

us nfr;k ftys dh cksyh ds O;kdjf.kd :i dks laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k]

fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kh"kZdksa ds vUrxZr foosfpr fd;k gSA34

cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;&cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;&cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;&cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;&cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;& MkW- ';kefcgkjh JhokLro

^cqUnsy[k.M ds jklks dkO;^ 'kks/k izca/k ds varxZr MkW- ';kefcgkjh JhokLro

us jklks jpukvksa ds ewy izfrik| dks yf{kr djrs gq, cqUnsyh Hkk"kk lEcU/kh

fof'k"Vrkvksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k gS vkSj cqUnsyh Hkk"kk laca/kh fof'k"Vrkvksa esa /ofuxr

iz[kjrk dks os loksZifj ekurs gSaA35

blh izdkj fgUnh vkSj nfr;k ftys dh cksyh ds loZuke] vO;; rFk dkjd

fpàksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u ds vUrxZr Hkh cqUnsyh ds i¡okjh cksyh:i dh O;kdj.k

laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k gSA36

cqUnsyh dk Lo:i& cqUnsyh dk Lo:i& cqUnsyh dk Lo:i& cqUnsyh dk Lo:i& cqUnsyh dk Lo:i& Jh nqxkZizlkn JhokLro

fgUnh rFkk Hkk"kkfoKku fo|kihB] vkxjk fo'ofo|ky; dh 'kks/kif=dk Hkkjrh;lkfgR;^ esa izdkf'kr ;g 'kks/kfuca/k cqUnsyh ds Lo:i dks Li"V djus esa enn djrkgSA bl vkys[k ds izkjaHk esa cqUnsyh dk Lo:i vkSj cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= dk ifjp; fn;k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 68

x;k gS rFkk cqUnsyh ds 'kq) vkSj fefJr :iksa ij fopkj fd;k gSA laKk:iksa ds opuvkSj fyax fu/kkZj.k dk fo'ys"k.k Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA37 nSfud O;ogkj laca/kh 'kCnkoyhdks bl vkys[k esa oL=] 'kjhjkax] crZu] vkHkw"k.k] i'kq&i{kh] fj'rs] Hkkstu lkexzh] Qy]rjdkjh] le; ekid laca/kh 'kCnksa ds vUrxZr j[kdj fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gS vkSjbUgha vk/kkjksa ij cqUnsyh dh czt ls i`Fkdrk yf{kr dh x;h gSA

fo'ks"k.k] vO;;] fØ;k] dky ds vk/kkj ij cqUnsyh ds lajpukRed Lo:i dksfo'ysf"kr djus okys bl vkys[k esa cqUnsyh O;kdj.k dh izkjafHkd :ijs[kk lekosf'krgSA

Xokfy;j tuin dh fgUnh& Xokfy;j tuin dh fgUnh& Xokfy;j tuin dh fgUnh& Xokfy;j tuin dh fgUnh& Xokfy;j tuin dh fgUnh& MkW- fou;eksgu 'kekZ

MkW- fou;eksgu 'kekZ us vius vkys[k esa Xokfy;j LFkku uke dh O;qRifRr dslaca/k esa fopkj fd;k gS vkSj bl tuin dks mUgksaus ^e/;izns'k dh ef.k^ ekuk gSAXokfy;j laHkkx dh lhek esa vkus okys Ng ftyksa ds Hkk"kk;h :iksa dks MkW- 'kekZ cztvFkok Xokfy;jh vkSj cqUnsyh rFkk cqUnsy[k.Mh ekurs gSaA mUgksaus izeq[krk ds vk/kkjij Xokfy;j dks ,slh cqUnsyh dk {ks= ekuk gS] ftlesa czt ds lkFk Hknkojh vkSj eqjSukdh r¡oj?kkjh dk fNM+dko gSA

Xokfy;j laHkkx dh cksyh esa MkW- 'kekZ us vkB Loj vkSj NCchl O;atuksa dkmYys[k fd;k gSA lkFk esa mPpkj.k laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa dks fo'ysf"kr fd;k gSA muds/ofu iz.kkyh vkSj 'kCniz;ksx dh fof'k"Vrk laca/kh fo'ys"k.k egÙoiw.kZ gSaA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj bl v/;k; esa cqUnsyh ds vc rd cus O;kdj.kksa ij ppkZ dh x;hgSA eè;izns'k ds ckbl vkSj mRrjizns'k ds ik¡p ftys feydj cqUnsyh dk {ks= fu/kkZj.kdjrs gSaA cqUnsyh ds vc rd fofo/k O;kdj.k cu pqds gSaA buesa ls dqN xzaFk iqLrdds :i esa izdkf'kr gks pqds gSa vkSj dqN fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa 'kks/kizca/k ds :iesa j[ks gSaA bu 'kks/kxzaFkksa ls cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.k le>us esa dkQh gn rd ennfeyrh gSA eSaus vius ys[ku lkaxksikax cukus ds fy, bu xzaFkksa ls i;kZIr lgk;rk yhgSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 69

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- lj tktZ fxz;lZu( Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k( [k.M 92- ogh( i`- 174] 125&244]

3- ogh( i`- 88&89A

4- ogh( i`- 248&252] 5- MkW- ,e-ih- tk;loky( , fyafXofLVd LVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh( i`- 9-6- ogh( i`- 7] 7- y{ehpan uquk( cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk O;kdj.k ,oa 'kCndks"k Hkwfedk-8- ogh( fo"k;&lwph] 9- ogh( i`- 2010- ogh( i`- 107&10811- MkW- cyHknz frokjh( cqUnsyh dkO; ijaijk Hkkx 1( i`- 8312- ogh( i`- 141A13- ';kelqUnj ckny( cqUnsyh dk Qkx lkfgR;( i`- 414&41814- ogh( i`- 141-15- MkW- jkeLo:i JhokLro( cqUnsyh yksd lkfgR;( i`- 19-16- ogh( i`- 25- 17- ogh( i`- 26-18- MkW- d`".kyky gal( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i19- ogh( i`- 75] 20- ogh( i`- 78-21- MkW- jketh'kj.k nkaxh( >kalh ftys dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u( i`- 40-22- ogh( i`- 42-23- ogh( i`- 24&248-24- d`".kkuan xqIr( cqUnsy[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;( i`- 5-25- MkW- ';kelqUnj lksufd;k( fHk.M ftys dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu i`- 38] 45] 46] 53-26- ogh( i`- 310-27- MkW- deyukjk;.k nqcs( ujflagiqj ftys dh cqUnsy[k.Mh cksyh dk ladfyd v/;;u( i`- 2-28- ogh( i`- 147-29- ogh( i`- 202&203-30- ogh( i`- 164-31- ogh( i`- 165&166-32- MkW- dkfeuh( cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= ds LFkku vfHk/kkuksa dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud v/;;u( i`- 35&38-33- ogh( i`- 40-34- MkW- dkfeuh( vkapfyd LFkku vfHk;ku vuq'khyu( iq- 70&71-35- MkW- ';kefcgkjh JhokLro( cqUnsyh ds jklks dkO;( i`- 87] 103] 129-36- MkW- lhrk fd'kksj( nfr;k ftys dh cksyh rFkk fgUnh ds loZuke] vO;; rFkk dkjdksa dk v/;;u-37- MkW- nqxkZizlkn JhokLro( Hkkjrh; lkfgR;( i`- 90-

38- MkW- vkjrh nqcs( cqansyh dk O;kdjf.kd vuq'khyuA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 70

cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=

laiw.kZ cqUnsyh Hkk"kk dks vkB vyx&vyx {ks=h; :iksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kgSA cksyh Hkk"kk dk ,d vkjafHkd :i ekuh tkrh gSA Hkk"kk dk fyf[kr :i tks dsoycksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk dk fp= ek= gS] blh ls Hkk"kk ds mPpfjr :i dks lgt vkSjizHkkodkjh ekuk tkrk gSA Hkk"kk dk fyf[kr :i c) ljksoj ty gS] tks dkykUrjesa lM+ Hkh ldrk gS vkSj mPpfjr :i ml dy&dy ukn djrh gqbZ lfjrk dh Hkk¡frgS] tks fdrus gh xans ukyksa dks vius esa feykrh gqbZ izokg;qDr vkSj xfr'khy gksus dsdkj.k vkuane;h gksrh gSA^1 bl izdkj fyf[kr :i dh vis{kk nSfud O;ogkj dk :ilosZ{k.k esa vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA

cqUnsyh cksyh dks oxhZd`r djus esa 'kks/kdrkZ ,der ugha gSA MkW- fxz;lZu uscqUnsyh cksyh dks rsjg oxksZa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS rFkk buds ukedj.k {ks=&fo'ks"kvFkok tkfr&lewg ds vk/kkj ij fd;s gSaA MkW- jk/ks';ke nqcs us bu cksyh:iksa dksØe'k% csn] pdk] dsdk] ujrk] lkFkZokgh O;kl] laØe.k cqUnsyh {ks=] vkfnoklh {ks=vkSj ejkBh {ks= laKk;sa iznku dh gSaA MkW- jkes'ojizlkn vxzoky bu cksyh:iksa dks [kkSacksyh:i] dkSa cksyh:i vkSj [kk¡ cksyh:i uke nsrs gSaA MkW- dSyk'kfcgkjh f}osnh uscqUnsyh :iksa dks Hknz] O;kogkfjd] xzkE; vkSj laidZ&Hkk"kk laKk,¡ iznku dh gSaA blhrjg MkW- d`".kyky gal bu cksyh :iksa dks ifjfuf"Br] 'kq) vkSj fefJr dgrs gSaAcksyh oxhZdj.k djrs le; bu 'kks/kdrkZvksa us loZekU; i)fr rd igq¡pus dk iz;kl

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 71

ugha fd;k gSA blh ls oxhZdj.k i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ gks x;k gSA fdlh Hkh cksyh dk O;ogkj{ks= FkksM+h&FkksM+h nwj ds i'pkr~ ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA 'kq) O;ogkj {ks= dh lhekFkksM+h gh gksrh gS] blh ls ;fn cqUnsyh cksyh dks e/;orhZ 'kq) cksyh :i vkSj lhekorhZfefJr cksyh:i esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS rks lqxe vkSj lgt gks tkrh gS rFkk,d:irk dk eku fLFkj gks tkrk gSA cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dh tc ge ppkZ djrsgSa] rks mlds varxZr laiw.kZ cqUnsy[k.M esa cksyh tkus okyh fofHkUu {ks=h; cksfy;ksa dksfy;k tkrk gSA bl v/;k; esa izeq[k :i ls cqUnsyh ds vkB :iksa dh ppkZ dh x;hgSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh] [kVksyk cqUnsyh] i¡okjh cqUnsyh] yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh] cukQjhcqUnsyh] dqUnzh cqUnsyh] fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh] Hknkojh ;k raojx<+h cqUnsyhA blds {ks=]lhek,¡] 'kCn lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk] /ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡ vkfn dh foLr`rppkZ bl v/;k; esa dh x;h gSA cqUnsyh ds bu Hkk"kk:iksa dks {ks= ds vqulkjvyx&vyx v/;k;ksa esa foHkDr dj muds /ofulewgksa vkSj fo'ks"krkvksa vkfn ijfoLrkj ls izdk'k Mkyus dk iz;kl gSA cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa dks ge nks oxksZa esa Hkhck¡V ldrs gSa& 'kq) cksyh:iA fefJr cksyh:iA

'kq) cksyh:i'kq) cksyh:i'kq) cksyh:i'kq) cksyh:i'kq) cksyh:i & 'kq) cksyh :i ds varxZr cqUnsy[k.M dh ml {ks= dh cksyhdks j[kk x;k gS] tks 'kq) :i esa cksyh tkrh gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd cqUnsyh dk og :iftlesa fdlh nwljh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx u ds cjkcj gksrk gSA 'kq)cksyh:i dks gh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh :i dh laKk Hkh nh tkrh gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ijfoLr`r :i ls vkxs vyx ppkZ dh x;h gSA

fefJr cksyh:ifefJr cksyh:ifefJr cksyh:ifefJr cksyh:ifefJr cksyh:i & fefJr cksyh:i cqUnsyh dh os mi&cksfy;k¡ gSa] ftuesaLFkkuh; cksfy;ksa vFkok Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA cqUnsy[k.M ds vkl&ikltks cksfy;k¡ cksyh tkrh gSa] muesa LFkkuh; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k ik;k tkrk gSAbl dkj.k bUgsa cqUnsyh dh iz/kkurk fy;s gq, vU; miukeksa ls Hkh iqdkjk tkrk gSAfefJr cksfy;ksa ds varxZr [kVksyk cqUnsyh] iaokjh cqUnsyh] yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh] cukQjhcqUnsyh] dqUnzh cqUnsyh] fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh vFkok raojx<+h cqUnsyh dks fy;kx;k gSA bu cqUnsyh :iksa dks foLr`r :i esa vyx&vyx v/;k;ksa esa j[kk x;k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 72

izkekf.kd cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh

cqUnsy[k.M ds e/; {ks= esa cqUnsyh dk tks :i cksyk tkrk gS] og 'kq) cqansyh:i vFkok izkekf.kd cqUnsyh :i ekuk x;k gSA bldk {ks= foLr`r gSA ;g e/;izns'kds e/; mRrj rFkk mRrjizns'k ds nf{k.k {ks= rd foLr`r gSA 'kq) cqUnsyh vFkokizkekf.kd cqUnsyh laiw.kZ cqUnsyh :iksa dk vk/kkj ekuh x;h gSA bl n`f"V ls izkekf.kdcqUnsyh dks gh 'kq) :i esa ekuk tkrk gSA

cqUnsyh ds izkekf.kd :i dks ysdj fo}kuksa esa vyx&vyx er gSA ysfdufo}ku~ blls lger gSa fd izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk {ks= e/;izns'k dh mRrjh lhek lsyxs mRrjizns'k ds nf{k.kh {ks= rd tkrk gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk dUnzh; Hkw& Hkkx>k¡lh ftyk Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA bl cksyh:i dh ifjf/k] Vhdex<+] Nrjiqj ,oaiUuk ftys dk if'peh fgLlk] nfr;k] lkxj] neksg vkfn ls curh gSA fofn'kk dkiwohZ Hkkx] ujflagiqj rFkk xquk ,oa f'koiqjh dk iwohZ Hkkx ,oa gks'kaxkckn ftys dkeè;orhZ Hkkx Hkh blds vUrxZr vkrk gSA bu ftyksa esa vkaf'kd mPpkj.k foHksn dslkFk 'kq) cqUnsyh nSfud O;ogkj esa iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh lhekjs[kk mRrjizns'k dh nf{k.kh vkSj e/;izns'k dhmRrjh lhek ls feydj curh gSA fo}kuksa us izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh lhekjs[kk >k¡lh]Vhdex<+] Nrjiqj] iUuk ftys dk if'peh fgLlk nfr;k] lkxj] neksg] fofn'kk dkiwohZ Hkkx] ujflagiqj] xquk ,oa f'koiqjh dk iwohZ Hkkx ,oa gks'kaxkckn] ftys dk e/;orhZHkkx ls feydj fu/kkZfjr dh gSA bl lhekjs[kk ds varxZr cqUnsyh ds izkekf.kd {ks=esa cksyh tkus okyh cqUnsyh vkaf'kd mPpkj.k foHksn ds lkFk nSfud O;ogkj esa iz;ksx

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 73

dh tkrh gSA tks Li"V djrh gS fd izkekf.kd cqUnsyh cksyh Hkh LFkkuh; izHkko esa 'kq)gksrs gq, Hkh dqN vyx :i nsrh gS vkSj ;g :i cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=h; cksyh:iksadk vk/kkj LraHk gksrk gS izkekf.kr cqUnsyh dh lhek ,d foLr`r Hkw& Hkkx dks ysdjgh fuf'pr dh xbZ gSA

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh dh le`f) mlds 'kCn HkaMkj vFkok 'kCn lkeF;Z ls yxk;htkrh gSA cqUnsyh ,d foLr`r Hkw&[k.M dh cksyh gSA cqUnsyh ,d ,slh cksyh gS] ftlsHkk"kk vFkok jk"VªHkk"kk dk lEeku Hkys gh izkIr u gqvk gks ysfdu mls 400 o"kksZa rdjktHkk"kk ds :i esa vo'; lEekfur fd;k tkrk jgk gSA cqUnsyh ¼ftls ;gk¡ geizkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh laKk ns jgs gSa½ vius 'kCn Hk.Mkj ls fgUnh dh Hkkafr gh le`)gSA cqUnsyh fdlh nwljh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh ds 'kCnksa dh oSlh eksgrkt ugha gS fdfons'kh 'kCnksa ds }kjk bldk dke u py lds] ij og vko';d gksus ij fons'kh 'kCnksadks Hkh viuh izd`fr ds vuqlkj <ky ysrh gSA vkxs blds 'kCn Hk.Mkj ds gtkjksa'kCnksa dk iz;ksx n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

'kq) cqUnsyh cksyus okyksa dh la[;k vf/kd gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.kfgUnh ds O;kdj.k dh rjg gh gSA bldh fo'ks"krk,¡ fgUnh ds O;kdj.k dh rjg ghgSa] dsoy muesa mPpkj.k foHksn gh ik;k tkrk gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.kcqUnsyh ds vU; fefJr ;k {ks=h; :iksa ds O;kdj.k dk Hkh vk/kkj ekuk x;k gSA

cqUnsyh esa fgUnh ds leku dqN ,slh /ofu;k¡ gSa] tks Lo;a rks lkFkZd ugha gSa]ij 'kCnksa ds lkFk tksM+h tkus ij lkFkZd gksdj 'kCnksa ds vFkZ vkSj :i esa fodkjmRiUu djrh gSaA bUgsa oS;kdj.k ^'kCnka'k^ dgrs gSaA ;s /ofu;k¡ nks izdkj dh gksrhgSa & milxZ vkSj izR;;A

milxZ & ml 'kCnka'k dks dgrs gSa] tks fdlh lkFkZd 'kCn ds iwoZ tksM+k tkrkgS tSls & liwr] diwrA

izR;; & ml 'kCnka'k dks dgrs gSa] tks fdlh lkFkZd 'kCn ds var esa tksM+ktkrk gS tSls & ikyugkj] >qa>ykckSA

'kCnlk/ku ds izeq[k rhu [k.M gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 74

'kCn Hksn'kCn Hksn'kCn Hksn'kCn Hksn'kCn Hksn

iz;ksx ds vuqlkj inksa esa ifjofrZr 'kCnksa dks 'kCnHksn dgrs gSaA

'kCnHksn ds vkB izdkj gSa & laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] laca/k lwpd]leqPp; cks/kd] fØ;k vkSj foLe;kfncks/kd 'kCn lewgA

¼laLd`r esa½ oS;kdj.k 'kCnksa ds& izfrikfnd] /kkrq vkSj vO;; Hksn ekurs gSaA;s 'kCnksa ds vuqlkj :ikarj djrs gSaA O;kdj.k 'kkL= esa iz/kkur% :ikarj ij gh fopkjfd;k tkrk gS] ij tgk¡ 'kCnksa ds dsoy :iksa ls mudk ikjLifjd laca/k izdV ughagksrk] ogk¡ muds iz;ksx vFkok vFkZ dk Hkh fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA laLd`r iw.kZr%:ikarj&'khy Hkk"kk gS] blls mlesa 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vFkok vFkZ muds :iksa ls ghizdV gksrk gS] ij cqUnsyh esa fgUnh Hkk"kk ds leku 'kCn ds :i ls mldk vFkZ vFkokiz;ksx lnk izdV ugha gksrkA blesa dHkh&dHkh fcuk :ikarj ds ,d gh 'kCn dsfHkUu&fHkUu iz;ksx fHkUu&fHkUu 'kCn Hksnksa esa gksrs gSa] tSls& cs ?kksM+k ds lax nkSMs+&¼fØ;k fo'ks"k.k½A os ekSfM+;s erkbZ ds lax pyh& ¼laca/k lwpd½A fcink esa dksm laxub¡ nsr& ¼laKk½A

blfy, fgUnh rFkk cqUnsyh esa 'kCnksa ds iz;ksxkuqlkj rFkk 'kCnksa dh fofHkUutkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj 'kCn ds vkB izdkj gksrs gaS &

1- laKk & izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku ;k Hkko ds uke cks/kd 'kCn dks laKk dgrs gSa]tSl& ?kqM+ok] cdfj;k] jkeku] lkxj] n;kA

2- loZuke & tks 'kCn iwoZ laca/k ls laKk 'kCnksa ds cnys esa vkrs gSa] mUgsa loZukedgrs gSa] tSls & rqesa] gesa] musa] tkS] cs] ckSA

3- fo'ks"k.k & tks 'kCn laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSa] mUgsafo'ks"k.k dgk tkrk gS] tSls & cqjkS vkneh] vPNh yqxkbZ] uksauh èkqfr;k] ehBsvke] dfj;k xS;kA

4- fØ;k fo'ks"k.k & tks 'kCn fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vFkok nwljs fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dhfo'ks"krk crykrs gSa] fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dgykrs gSa] tSls & xqiky HkkSr HkyksgSA ?kksM+k ¼?kqM+ok½ rud /khesa pyks rksaA ijksa x;s rsA dky pys x;sA

5- leqPp; cks/kd & tks 'kCn nks 'kCnksa] nks okD;ksa vFkok nks okD;k'kksa dkstksM+rk gS& ge vkSj rqeA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 75

6- laca/k lwpd & tks laKk 'kCn vkSj loZuke 'kCnksa dk laca/k okD; ds vU;'kCnksa ls lwfpr djrs gSa] mUgsa laca/k&lwpd dgrs gSaA

7- fØ;k & fdlh dk;Z ;k O;kikj dks izdV djus okys 'kCn ^fØ;k 'kCn*dgykrs gSa] tSls & nkSM+ckSa] [ksyckS] g¡lckS] rSjckSA

8- foLe;kfn cks/kd & ftu 'kCnksa ls g"kZ] 'kksd ;k ?k`.kk vkfn euksHkkoksa dk Kkugks] mUgsa foLe;kfn cks/kd 'kCn dgrs gSa tSls & vjs] vks] vksgk] vkgk] gkgkvkfnA

laLd`r esa laKk] loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k bu rhuksa 'kCn&Hksnksa dks laKk ds oxZ dkekuk gS] D;kasfd loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k laKk 'kCnksa ls lacaf/kr vkSj mUgha ds leku fyaxrFkk opu vkfn ds dkj.k ifjofrZr gksus okys :i gksrs gSaA blh izdkj laLd`r dsO;kdj.k esa fØ;k fo'ks"k.k] leqPp; cks/kd] laca/k lwpd vkSj foLe;kfn cks/kd bupkjksa dks vO;; ekuk gS] D;ksafd buesa :i] fyax] opu ;k dkjd ds dkj.k Hkh fdlhizdkj dk ifjorZu ugha gksrkA ;FkkFkZ esa bu vO;; 'kCnksa dk fyax] opu ;k dkjdls dksbZ laca/k ugha gksrkA

:ikarj :ikarj :ikarj :ikarj :ikarj

vFkZ esa varj djus ds fy, 'kCn ds :i esa tks ifjorZu gksrk gS] mls :ikarj dgrs gSaA

:ikarj ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa ds nks Hksn gSa& fodkjh 'kCn vkSj vfodkjh 'kCnA

fodkjh 'kCn fodkjh 'kCn fodkjh 'kCn fodkjh 'kCn fodkjh 'kCn& ftu 'kCnksa ds :i esa fyax] opu] dkjd vFkok dky dsvuqlkj varj gksrk gS] mUgsa fodkjh 'kCn dgrs gSa] tSls& vknfe;ksa us &vknfe;u usa] ?kj is& ?kjksa esaA

blh rjg mudks] muds] mudh] HkykS] Hkys vkSj Hkyh vkfnA laKk] loZuke vkSjfo'ks"k.k 'kCn fodkjh 'kCn :i gSaA

vfodkjh 'kCn vfodkjh 'kCn vfodkjh 'kCn vfodkjh 'kCn vfodkjh 'kCn & vfodkjh 'kCn os gSa] ftuds :i esa fyax] opu] dkjdvFkok dky ds vuqlkj dqN Hkh varj ugha gksrkA fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] leqPp;cks/kd] lacaèk&lwpd vkSj foLe;kfn&cks/kd 'kCn vfodkjh dgykrs gSa] bUgsavO;; Hkh dgrs gSaA tSls & vktdky] dgw¡] brS] mrS] vjs vkSj ok ck¼okg&okg½ vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 76

O;qRifRrO;qRifRrO;qRifRrO;qRifRrO;qRifRr

ewy 'kCn ls nwljs 'kCn rd vkus dh izfØ;k dks O;qRifRr dgrs gSaA O;qRifRrds vuqlkj 'kCn rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa& :f<+] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx&:f<+A

1- :f<+ & os 'kCn tks ijaijk ls fdlh fo'ks"k vFkZ esa vkrs gSa vkSj ftudk dksbZ[k.M lkFkZd ugha gksrk gS] tSls & canj] ?kj] xkM+h] vkfnA

2- ;kSfxd & os 'kCn tks nks 'kCnksa] 'kCn vkSj izR;; feydj curs gSa] ;kSfxd'kCn dgykrs gSa] tSls& xkM+h ckjkS] tho/kkjh] fxj/kkjh vkfnA

3- :f<+;kSfxd ¼;ksx :f<+½ & tks 'kCn ;kSfxd 'kCn ijaijk ls fdlh fo'ks"klkadsfrd vFkZ dks izdV djrs gSa ;ksx:f<+ dgykrs gSa] tSls& xus'k]pØèkkjh] uhyd.B vkfnA buls xtkuu nso] fo".kqth vkSj 'kadj th dkvFkZ ijaijk ls Kkr gksrk gSA

vFkZHk snvFkZHk snvFkZHk snvFkZHk snvFkZHk sn

'kCn ds lqurs gh cqf) mlls ftl vk'k; dks xzg.k djrh gS] mls ml 'kCndk vFkZ dgrs gSaA vFkZ ds eq[; rhu izdkj gSa & okP;kFkZ] y{;kFkZ vkSj O;aX;kFkZA burhu izdkj ds 'kCnksa dh mi;qZDr rhu izdkj ds vFkZ izdV djus dh 'kfDr Hkh f=foèkgS& vfHk/kk] y{k.kk vkSj O;atukA

1- okP;kFkZ &'kCn ds :f<+ ls c¡/ks lk/kkj.k vFkZ dks okP;kFkZ dgrs gSaA blesa,d fuf'pr vFkZ dk cks/k gksrk gS] ftls 'kCn lh/ks <ax ls izdV djrk gS]tSls& cSy tksrks tkr gSA

bl okD; esa cSy 'kCn ls lh/kk vFkZ ,d pkj iSj okyk i'kq fudyrk gS] ftlscSy 'kCn dh vfHk/kk 'kfDr izdV djrh gS] blls cSy ;gk¡ okP;kFkZ okyk 'kCn gSA

2- y{;kFkZ & 'kCn ds vkjksfir vFkZ dks y{;kFkZ dgrs gSaA blls fdlh okP;kFkZls fHkUu fdlh vFkZ dh vksj Jksrk vFkok ikBd dk y{; djk;k tkrk gS]tSls & xqiky <ksj gSA

bl okD; esa xqiky dks <ksj dgk x;k gS] tks okP;kFkZ ds vuqlkj vlaHko gS]D;ksafd nks iSj okyk xqiky vkSj pkj iSj okys <ksj esa dksbZ lkE; ugha gSA ;gk¡ <ksjdk vFkZ ew[kZ ls vkjksfir gS] blesa bl mnkgj.k esa y{;kFkZ gS] tks y{kd 'kCn <ksjls mldh y{k.kk&'kfDr izdV djrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 77

3 O;aX;kFkZ& okP;kFkZ vkSj y{;kFkZ ls fHkUu vFkZ dks tks /ofu ls fudyrk gS]O;aX;kFkZ dgrs gSa] tSls & rqe rks cM+h lrh lkfo=h gksA

blesa ^lrh lkfo=h^ 'kCn iFkHkz"Vk ukjh ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS] tksO;atuk'kfDr ;k /ofu ls vk;k gSA

laKklaKklaKklaKklaKk

fdlh izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku] Hkko vFkok xq.k ds uke dk cks/k djkus okys fodkjh'kCn dks laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & jke] ?kksM+k] ihry] nsojh] lq[k] xgjkbZA blds nkseq[; Hksn gSa& inkFkZokpd laKk vkSj Hkkookpd laKkA

inkFkZ okpd laKkinkFkZ okpd laKkinkFkZ okpd laKkinkFkZ okpd laKkinkFkZ okpd laKk & fdlh inkFkZ ;k inkFkZ lewg ds uke dk cks/k gksrk gS]tSls& ';kew] ?kksM+k] ?kjA inkFkZ okpd esa tM+ vkSj psru nksuksa izdkj ds inkFkksZa dko.kZu jgrk gSA blds nks Hksn gSa & v- O;fDrokpd] c- tkfrokpdA

v- O;fDrokpd laKk v- O;fDrokpd laKk v- O;fDrokpd laKk v- O;fDrokpd laKk v- O;fDrokpd laKk & ftl ukecks/kd 'kCn ls fdlh tkfr ds ,d ghinkFkZ ds uke dk cks/k gksrk gSa] mls O;fDrokpd laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & eksgu] bankSj];equk] v;ks/;k] ckbfcyA

c- tkfrokpd laKkc- tkfrokpd laKkc- tkfrokpd laKkc- tkfrokpd laKkc- tkfrokpd laKk & ftl uke cks/kd 'kCn ls fdlh tkfr ds laiw.kZ inkFkZ;k izkf.k;ksa dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls tkfrokpd laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & ekuql] igkj]nsl] xk¡o] unh] rkyA

fo'k s"kfo'k s"kfo'k s"kfo'k s"kfo'k s"k

1- O;fDrokpd laKk dk iz;ksx tc fdlh tkfr ds inkFkZ vFkok izkf.k;ksa ds,d fo'ks"k oxZ dk cks/k djkus esa vFkok mlds fdlh vlk/kkj.k /keZ dks lwfpr djkusesa fd;k tkrk gSa] rc og tkfrokpd gks tkrh gS] tSls& jke rhu gSaA ;gk¡ lkSUn;Z]ijkØe vkSj yksdksÙkj 'kfDr okys nk'kjFkh jke] ;kno cyjke] HkkxZo ij'kqjke dkslwfpr djus ds dkj.k ^jke^ ^O;fDrokpd^ ^tkfrokpd^ gSA

2- O;fDrokpd es a dsoy uke dk varj gk srk g SA tSls&^jke^^O;fDrokpd^&^tkfrokpd^ gS vkSj ';ke Hkh O;fDrokpd gSA

3- O;fDrokpd esa dsoy uke dk varj gksrk gS] ij tkfrokpd esa vFkZ dkvarj gksrk gS] tSls& fgeky; vkSj vjkoyh esa dsoy uke dk varj gS] ij igkM+ vkSjunh esa vFkZ dk varj gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 78

4- O;fDrokpd laKk ds ukeokpd 'kCn ls ge fdlh Hkh inkFkZ ;k izk.kh dkcks/k djk ldrs gSa] ij tkfrokpd laKk ds ukeokpd 'kCn ls ge fdlh inkFkZ ;kizk.kh dk gh cksèk djk ldrs gSa D;ksafd og lkFkZd gksrk gS] tSls& pEik vkvksA blesapEik yM+dh] xk; ;k dqfr;k fdlh dk Hkh uke j[kk tk ldrk gS] ij tkfrokpdlaKk yM+dh ls ekuoh; larku dk gh cks/k gksxkA

inkFkZokpd laKk ds nks vkSj Hkh izdkj gSa& x- lewgokpd] ?k- nzO;okpdA

x- lewgokpd laKkx- lewgokpd laKkx- lewgokpd laKkx- lewgokpd laKkx- lewgokpd laKk & tks laKk 'kCn fdlh izdkj ds inkFkkZsa ;k izkf.k;ksa dslewg dk cks/k djkrk gS] mls lewgokpd laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & lsuk] Hkhj] xksa[kj]>q.MA

?k- nzO;okpd laKk?k- nzO;okpd laKk?k- nzO;okpd laKk?k- nzO;okpd laKk?k- nzO;okpd laKk & ftl laKk 'kCn ls fdlh nzO; inkFkZ ds uke dk cksèkgksrk gS mls nzO;okpd laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & lksuksa] ihrj] yksgkA

fo'ks"k & vusd oS;kdj.k bUgsa tkfrokpd gh ekurs gSaA

Hkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKk

ftl uke&okpd 'kCn ls inkFkZ ;k izk.kh esa ik;s tkus okys fdlh /keZ] xq.k]O;kikj] voLFkk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls Hkkookpd laKk dgrs gSa] tSls & eykbZ]yM+diu] ehBksa] xqjhjks] cq<+kik vkfnA

Hkkookpd laKk 'kCn O;qRifRr ds vuqlkj rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa& laKk ls cuusokys] fo'ks"k.k ls cuus okys vkSj fØ;k ls cuus okysA

v- laKk ls cuus okys & yM+dk ls yM+diukSAnqdku ls nqdkunkjhA

c- fo'ks"k.k ls cuus okys& ehBh ls feBkl] ehBks] [kVkbZ] [kV~Vksewj[k lsa ew[kZrk] ewj[krkA

l- fØ;k ls cuus okys & [ksy ls [ksycks] ekj ls ekjcksekjckS ihVckS ls ekjihVA

laKkLFkkuh iz;ksxlaKkLFkkuh iz;ksxlaKkLFkkuh iz;ksxlaKkLFkkuh iz;ksxlaKkLFkkuh iz;ksx

fuEufyf[kr 'kCn ;k 'kCn lewg dk iz;ksx laKk ds LFkku ij gksrk gSA

v- loZuke & jke dh tehu gekbZ dk¡ gks ldr \gjh dks ?kj eksjks dk¡ gks ldr \

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 79

c- fo'ks"k.k & vU;k;h dks ukl Fkksjs fnuksa esa gks tkrAl- fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & cks myk;rks pyr gSAn- foLe;kfncks/kd & gk;&gk; usa djkSA vkbZjs cks ,slksa vkgs \b- fØ;k & i<+ckS fgrdkjh gksrA dke vPNks gksr gSA

tks dke djr jsr] cks chekj ubZ ijrAbZ- okD;[kaM & izkf.k;ksa dkS Hkkstu nscks] iqUu dkS dke gksrAm- okD; & eSa dk tkukS ds jkew dks [ks+r dk¡ gS\

rsa dk tkus gjh dks [ksr dk¡ gS\

loZukeloZukeloZukeloZukeloZuke

^fdlh Hkh laKk 'kCn ds LFkku ij iz;ksx esa vkus okys fodkjh 'kCn dks loZukedgrs gSaA^ loZuke os 'kCn gSa] tks fdlh uke dks ckj&ckj nqgjkus ls cpkus ds fy,mlds cnys esa dgs tkrs gSaA loZuke 'kCn ds laca/k esa /;ku nsus okyh ckrsa ;s gSa &

1- loZuke 'kCn laKk 'kCnksa ds cnys esa vkrk gS] blls og ml laKk 'kCn dsleku gh ukeokpd gksrk gS] ftlds cnys esa vkrk gSA

2- loZuke 'kCn dk iz;ksx ml laKk 'kCn ds iz;ksx ds iwoZ ugha gksrk] ftldscnys esa og vkrk gSA xqiky dks O;kc gks jvks] Ådh erkbZ dh rfc;r vPNh ubZjsr] lks vksds cki us lksph dh cÅ vk tk;s lks rud lgkjks gks tSgSaA

3- loZuke 'kCn ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ml laKk 'kCn ds leku gksrs gSa]ftlds cnys esa og vkrk gSA dey i<+ckS pkÅr] ÅdS cki dh xqatk'k ubZa;kA lhrkesyk ns[kus xbZ] Ådh lgsyh xhrk gek;s ykus dk us dbZaA

loZuke ds izdkjloZuke ds izdkjloZuke ds izdkjloZuke ds izdkjloZuke ds izdkj & lkekU;r% Ng izdkj ds ekus x;s gSa & iq#"kokpdloZuke] futokpd loZuke] fu'p;okpd loZuke] vfu'p;okpd loZuke] lEcU/kokpd loZuke vkSj iz'uokpd loZukeA

iq#"kokpd loZukeiq#"kokpd loZukeiq#"kokpd loZukeiq#"kokpd loZukeiq#"kokpd loZuke

loZuke laKk dk gh ,d Hksn gSA laLd`r O;kdj.k esa ^loZ ¼izfrikfnd½ dsleku ftu ukeksa ¼laKkvksa½ dk :ikUrj gksrk gS] mudk ,d i`Fkd~ oxZ ekud mldkuke loZuke j[kk x;k gSA oSls loZ ¼lc½ ukeksa ¼laKkvksa½ ds LFkku esa iz;qDr gksus lsloZuke dgk tkrk gSA laKk ls lnk ml izk.kh ;k inkFkZ dk cks/k gksrk gS] ftldk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 80

og uke gksrk gS] tSls& vkneh ] ?kj] uxj] >hy vkfnA buesa ^uxj^ 'kCn vkneh]

?kj vFkok >hy ds LFkku esa iz;qDr ugha gks ldrkA ij loZuke 'kCn og^ fHkUu lacaèk

ls vkneh] ?kj] uxj] >hy lcds LFkku ij iz;qDr gks ldrk gSA loZuke dh blh

fo'ks"krk ds dkj.k bls i`Fkd~ 'kCn ekuuk lehphu gSA

ftl loZuke 'kCn ls oDrk] Jksrk vFkok mlds fo"k; esa ftlds ckjs esa dqN

dgk ;k tkuk tkrk gS] og iq#"kokpd loZuke dgykrk gSA iq#"kokph loZuke 'kCn

rhu izdkj ds ekus x;s gSaA mRre iq#"k] e/;e iq#"k vkSj vU; iq#"kA

mRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"k

blesa ys[kd ;k oDrk vius fo"k; esa ftl loZuke dk iz;ksx djrk gS] og

mRre iq#"k ekuk tkrk gS tSls& eSa] eksjh] ge] gesa] gekbZ vkfnA

/;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd mRre iq#"k ds ,dopu esa ^eSa vkSj cgqopu esa ^ge^

dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ij cqUnsyh esa ^eSa ds LFkku ij ^ge^ dk iz;ksx gksus ls cksypky

esa cgqopu iznf'kZr djus ds fy;s ^ge^ ds lkFk ^yksx^ ;k ^lc^ tksM+ nsrs gSa] tSls&

ge yksx] ge lc] ge vkSjsaA

e/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"k

blesa Jksrk ;k ikBd ls ckr djrs le; ftl loZuke dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]

mls eè;e iq#"k dgrs gSa] tSls& rw] rqe] rsaA rsa] rw] ,dopu vkSj ^rqe^ cgqopu gS]

ij O;ogkj esa rsa rw ds leku esa rqe^ dk iz;ksx ,dopu esa fd;k tkrk gS] tSls&

jke rqe tks dkj dj yksA

^rsa ^rw dk iz;ksx ,d e/;e iq#"k esa dHkh&dHkh Øks/k] frjLdkj vieku

fn[kykus ds fy;s Hkh fd;k tkrk gS tSls& ¼rsa½ ^rw cM+kS ewj[k gSA rsa cM+kS ew[kZ gS]

¼rsa½ rw uhp dje eSa ytkr rd uSa;kA ¼rsa½ ^rw ,dopu ds LFkku esa vknjkFkZ ^vki^

dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& xq#th vki iSys i/kkjksaA vki geis fdjik dfj;ksA

^vki^ vknj lwpd e/;e iq#"k dk iz;ksx nksuksa opuksa esa fd;k tkrk gS] ij

dHkh&dHkh cgqopu esa ^vkids lkFk ^yksx^ ;k ^lc^ ;k vkSj 'kCn tksM+dj cksyk ;k

fy[kk tkrk gS] tSls& vki ¼vkSjs½ yksx eanj esa vk tS;ksA vki lc eks xjhc ds brs

vbZ;ksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 81

vU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"k

ftlds fo"k; esa dqN dgk ;k fy[kk tkrk gS] mls vU; iq#"k dgk tkrk gS]tSls& ckS ¼og½] ck ¼og½] cs ¼os½A ^m^A

mRre iq#"k eSa vkSj ge^ rFkk e/;e iq#"k rw ¼rsa½ vkSj rqe^ dks NksM+dj 'ks"klc loZuke vU; iq#"k esa vk tkrs gSaA

og fd LFkku esa ,dopu esa ¼m½ ^cs dk iz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj cgqopu esa ^csds lkFk ^lc^ ^vkSjsa vFkok ^yksx^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& cl vk x;s] brSds ,degkRek rhjFk x;s rs] is ijkSa vk tSgSa] xk¡/kh cM+s mnkj grs] cs lalkj esa iwts tSgsa] mdh ckrsa usa djkSA

vknj iznf'kZr djus ds fy, ckS ds LFkku ij vki^ dk Hkh vU; iq#"k ,dopuesa iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& Ånu'kk; egkjkt Hkkjh izrkih jktk grs] vki vius le;ds cM+s èkjekRek iq#"k gks x;s gSaA

futokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZuke

tks loZuke Lo;a ;k fut dk cks/k djkrk gks] mls fut okpd loZuke dgrsgSa] tSls& vki viukS dke djks] viukS dke vkibZ dj ySgksA rqe viukS HkykS ns[krgksA nwljs dh dksbZ ijok ubZ;sA

^vki^ vkSj ^viukS^ ds iz;ksx^vki^ vkSj ^viukS^ ds iz;ksx^vki^ vkSj ^viukS^ ds iz;ksx^vki^ vkSj ^viukS^ ds iz;ksx^vki^ vkSj ^viukS^ ds iz;ksx

1- futokpd loZuke ^vki^ fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh vo/kkj.kk ds fy;svkrk gS] tSls& eSa vki dks ?kksjk ySgksaA dHkh&dHkh blesa cy nsus ds fy;s ^,s ¼gh½izR;; tksM+ nsrs gSa] tSls& eSa vkiS cuk nS gkSaA

2- futokpd loZuke ^vki^ dk iz;ksx loZlk/kkj.k ds vFkZ esa Hkh gksrk gSAtSls& vki Hkys rkS tx HkykSA

3- futokpd loZuke vki^ ds LFkku esa [kqn^ dk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gSA Lo;a ;kLor% dk iz;ksx lkfgfR;d fgUnh dh rjg cqUnsyh esa ugha fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& rqe[kqn ns[k yks] dj yksA ge [kqn pys tSgSaA ge [kqn dj ySgSaA

4- vkiS] viuS vki] vki lSa vki vkSj vkiS vki dk vFkZ eu ls LoHkko^ ls gksrkgS rFkk ;s fØ;k fo'ks"k.k okD;ka'kksa ds leku iz;qDr gksrs gSa] tSls& ck vkiS xbZ rhArqe viuS vki dj fy;kSA ge rkS mrS vkilS vki x;s rsA cs vkiS vki vk tSgsa A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 82

5- viuk^ 'kCn futokpd loZuke rks gS gh] blds lkFk laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k dsvFkZ esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA viukS ds vkxs fdlh dkjd dh fo'ks"kdj laca/k dkjddh foHkfDr jgus ij bldk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksrk gS] tSls& tc viukS uSa laxNksM+ no rkS nwljkS dh ckrsa dk dkuSA viukS dks HkykS lcbZ pkmrA tks viukS dksubZa Hko oks gekvks dk gqbZ;sA lalkj viukS dks iPN djrA

6- tc viukS^ ds vkxs dksbZ laKk vFkok loZuke fo'ks"k ds :i esa iz;qDr gksrkgS] rc bldk ;g fo'ks"k :i gksrk gS tSls& eksjks viukS brS dScs ckjkS dkS BkaM+kSA

nqf[k;k dh viuh tkr fcjknjh esa dksÅ dke usa vkvksA

fu'p;okpd loZukefu'p;okpd loZukefu'p;okpd loZukefu'p;okpd loZukefu'p;okpd loZuke

fdlh fuf'pr O;fDr ;k oLrq dk cks/k djkus okys loZuke 'kCn dks fu'p;okpddgrs gSaA ;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & fudVorhZ ¼tkS½ ;g vkSj nwjorhZ ¼ckS½ og ¼vks½A

tkS&tk vkSj ckS&ck dk iz;ksxtkS&tk vkSj ckS&ck dk iz;ksxtkS&tk vkSj ckS&ck dk iz;ksxtkS&tk vkSj ckS&ck dk iz;ksxtkS&tk vkSj ckS&ck dk iz;ksx

1- iwoZdfFkr laKk ;k laKk okD;ka'k ds LFkku esa tkS^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS tSls&fcgha dkS isM+ksa tks gSA bruks dke djckS esur dkS dke vk;A tkS eksjs cl dkS uSa;k¡A

2- iwoZdfFkr okD; ds LFkku esa Hkh tkS dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& tkS rqeus eksjkScM+kS dkedj nvks] tkS eSa tkur gkSaA

3- i'pkr~ dgs tkus okys okD; ds LFkku esa tkS^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& tkckr cM+h [kq'kh dh gS] dS rqe eksjs eksM+k ls laca/k djckS pkmr gkSA

4- tkS&tk dk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds leku vHkh ;k vc fd vFkZesa gksrk gS] tSls& rqe #Br dk;s] yks eSa tkS pyksA tk rks eksjh g¡lh mM+kmrA

5- iwoZ dfFkr nks oLrqvksa esa igyh ds fy;s ckS] ck vkSj fiNyh ds fy;s tkS] tkdk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& pfd;k ls fils vkVs esa vkSj e'khu ls fils vkVs esa tkS varjgS] dS ckS njnjks gS vkSj tkS ckjhd gSA ckS eksVks gS] tkS irjks gSA ckS HkkSrbZ cqjvks grks]tkS rud vPNks gSA

6- ckS vkSj ck dk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS vkSj budkvFkZ ogk¡ vFkok bruk gksrk gS] tSls& ';kew dh ekSM+h c^ tk jbZA ckS fcpkjks v/kejkSgks xvksA ^ckS^ nkSM+ jvks grksA ckS dke dj jvks grksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 83

vfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZuke

tks loZuke 'kCn fdlh fuf'pr inkFkZ ;k O;fDr dk cks/kd u gks] mls

vfu'p;okpd loZuke dgrs gSa tSls& dkÅ] dkSuÅA dkÅ rkS [kkoA dkSuÅ [kkr

rkSA

^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx

1- ^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx dsoy izk.khokpd vkSj vizk.khokpd nksuksa ds fy;s gksrk

gS] tSls& brS dksm vkneh gSA brs dksm gSA mrS dksuš iksFkh /kjh grhA

2- fu"ks/kokpd okD; esa dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx lc^ ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS] tSls& ,slksa

dke dksÅ u¡bZ pkgrA Hkyk dksm vej gS\

3- tc dksÅ ds lkFk ^lc^ vkSj ^gj^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] rc ^lc dksÅ^ dk

vFkZ lc yksx vkSj ^gj dkÅ^ dk vFkZ izR;sd O;fDr gksrk gSA

4- fdlh vKkr iq#"k ;k cM+s i'kq vkfn ds fy;s ^dksÅ^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]

tSls& mrS dksÅ BkM+ks gSA ujnk esa dksÅ cksyr gSA t¡xy esa dksÅ usa vk tk;s\

5- tc vfu'p; dh vf/kdrk gks] rc dksÅ^ ds lkFk ,d^ tksM+ nsrs gSa] tSls&

rqe esa lS dksÅ ,d ctkj yksa pys tb;ksA muesa lsa dksÅ ,d us ekjks rksA rqeesa ls

dksÅ ,d >wBh cksyr gSA

6- fdlh vKkr O;fDr dks NksM+dj nwljs vKkr O;fDr dk cks/k djkus ds gsrq

dksÅ ds lkFk ^vkSj^ ;k ^nwljk^ yxk nsrs gSa] tSls& tk ckr dksÅ vkSj u lqu ldSA

dksÅ nwljkS gksrkS] rks eSa u NksjrkSA

7- dksÅ&dksÅ dk iz;ksx vfu'p;okpd ds cgqopu ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS] tSls&

dksÅ&dksÅ vkneh fcuk dke djsa lq[k pkgrA

8- dksÅ dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k ds iwoZ ifj.kke okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku

^yxHkx^ ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS] tSls& dksÅ chld tusa gqbZ;saA dksÅ iUnzkd tuha grhA

9- vo/kkj.k ds gsrq dksÅ&dksÅ^ ds chp esa yxk nsrs gSa] tSls& tks dke dksÅ

us dksÅ rks djS nSgsA brus tuksa esa dksÅ usa dksÅ rks geko njn le> gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 84

^dNw^ ¼dqN½ ds iz;ksx^dNw^ ¼dqN½ ds iz;ksx^dNw^ ¼dqN½ ds iz;ksx^dNw^ ¼dqN½ ds iz;ksx^dNw^ ¼dqN½ ds iz;ksx

1-^dNw dk iz;ksx fdlh dk;Z ^rqPN^ tarq ;k inkFkZ ds fy;s gksrk gS] tSls&

bZ MCck esa dNw /kjkS grkSA 'kDdj esa dNw feyks gSA gebZ ge esa dNw ub;kA m¡ ifV;k

iS dNw usa èkfj;ksA

2-^dNw dk iz;ksx vKkr inkFkZ ;k /keZ ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& bZ nwèk

esa dNq gSA b ikuh esa dNw MjkS gSA rksjs eu esa dNw [kksV gSA oks gek;s ykusa dNw

diV j[kr gSA

3-fdlh vKkr inkFkZ ;k /keZ dk cks/k djkus ds gsrq dNw ds lkFk vkSjb^ ¼vkSj

gh½ tksM+ fn;k tkrk gS] tSls& muds eu esa dNw vkSjb grksA ts dNw vkSjb lksp

j;rsA ck cNw vkSjb ckr grhA

4- foijhr ;k fHkUurk lwfpr djus ds fy;s dNw ds LFkku ij dNw dks dNw

gks tkrk gS] tSls& ck dNw dks dNw dj cSBh rks dk dj ySgksaA Hkwys ls dNw dks dNw

gks x;ksA oks ijh{kk esa dNw dks dNw fy[k vkvks gSA

5- ^dNw ds lkFk lc vFkok cgqr dk ;ksx ^lc dNw dk laiw.kZ inkFkZ ;k /

keZ vkSj cgqr dNw dk vFkZ ^vf/kdrk^ ls gks tkrk gS] tSls& rsa rks lc dNw tkurA

eSa rks lc dNw le>r gksaA vc vksdh gkyr esa HkkSr dNw lq/kkj gSA lc dNw Hkxoku

ds gk¡r gSA

6- dHkh&dHkh dNw dk fHkUu okD;ksa esa nks ckj iz;ksx leqPp;cks/kd ds leku

fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& dNw lquk tkvksA

7- dHkh&dHkh dNw dk iz;ksx fHkUurk ds vFkZ esa nks ckj fd;k tkrk gS] tSls&

ckbZ us dNw dbZ vkSj geusa dNw lquhaA ,d dNw crkr] nwljks dNw crkrA musa dNw

dbZ vkSj geus dNw lquhA

lEcU/kokpd loZukelEcU/kokpd loZukelEcU/kokpd loZukelEcU/kokpd loZukelEcU/kokpd loZuke

tks loZuke 'kCn fdlh laKk 'kCn ls laca/k lwfpr djrk gS] mls laca/kokpd

loZuke dgrs gSa] tSls& tks] lks&tks i<+gs] lks ikl gqb;sA tks isM+ iS p<+ gS] lks Qy

[kSgsA tks lksgS] lks [kksgSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 85

^tks^ vkSj ^lks^ dk iz;ksx^tks^ vkSj ^lks^ dk iz;ksx^tks^ vkSj ^lks^ dk iz;ksx^tks^ vkSj ^lks^ dk iz;ksx^tks^ vkSj ^lks^ dk iz;ksx

1- ^tks ds lkFk ^lks dk fuR; laca/k jgrk gS] blh ls budks fuR; laca/khloZuke Hkh dgrs gSa] tSls& tks [ksr tksr gS] lks Qly dkV gSA tks gks xo] lks gksxoA

2- dHkh&dHkh ^lks vkSj ^lks ds LFkku ij ^tkSu^ vkSj ^tkSu^ dk iz;ksx gksrkgS] tSls& tkSu lywdk pkusa gks; rkSu ys yksA

3- ftl laKk ds cnysa esa ^tks vkrk gS] mlds vFkZ dh lqLi"Vrk ds gsrqdHkh&dHkh ^tks dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k ds leku gksrk gS] tSls& tks Fkkusnkj vkvks grks]lks pyks xvksA tkSu fdrkc pkusa gks;] lks mBk yksA tkSu lCth pkgks] lks cu tSgsA

4- fu'p; ds gsrq dHkh&dHkh tkSu vkSj rkSu^ ds lkFk iqfYyax esa ls& lks vkSjL=hfyax esa lh&lh yxk nsrs gSaA tSls& tkSu lh xS;k pkÅr gks] rkSu lh yS yksA

5- dHkh&dHkh ^tkS^ dk iz;ksx leqPp;cks/kd ds leku gksrk gS] tSls& vksdhdk vkSdkr tks gek; lkeus cksysA rqekb bruh fgEer] tks gek; lkeus yM+kSA dk¡gksx;s rsa fd fxj x;sA tks gekb ekuksa rks lquksaA

6- dHkh&dHkh ^tks ds lkFk ^dksÅ^ ;k ^dNw vfu'p;okpd loZuke vkrs gSa]tSls& dksÅ gelsa cksyks lks fiV gSA tks dNw dSusa lks ds nsvksA tks dNw djusa lksdj ysoA

7- lewg ds vFkZ esa ^tks & ^lks fojfDr dj nsrs gSa] tSls& tks&tks djus grkslks&lks dj noA tks&tks pkgr rsa] lks&lks /kjkSA tks&tks ilan vkvksa] lks&lks[kjhnkSA

8- dHkh&dHkh laca/kokpd rFkk fuR;okpd laca/kh loZuke dk yksi gks tkrk gS]tSls& tks gks pqdkS] lks gks pqdkS] tks vX;kaA

9- lks fuR; laca/kh ds LFkku ij dHkh&dHkh ckS ;k ck^ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrkgS] tSls& tks iki dj gS] ckS Qy ik gSA tks dj gS] ckS eksM+k ikgSA

10- ^lks dHkh&dHkh leqPp;cks/kd ds leku ^bl dkj.k^ ;k ^rc^ ds vFkZ esaiz;qDr gksrk gS] tSls& cldkjkS vk xvks] lks ?kj dks NIij lq/kjckS t:jh gSA geusarqels iSlk uba y;] lks dk ge [kjp uba pyk ldrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 86

iz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZuke

ftl loZuke 'kCn ls iz'u dk cks/k gks] mls iz'uokpd dgrs gSa] tSls & dks¼dkSu½] dk ¼D;k½A rqe dks vko \ ckS dk tkur] ckr dk gS \

^dks^] ^dkSu^] ^dk^ ds iz;ksx^dks^] ^dkSu^] ^dk^ ds iz;ksx^dks^] ^dkSu^] ^dk^ ds iz;ksx^dks^] ^dkSu^] ^dk^ ds iz;ksx^dks^] ^dkSu^] ^dk^ ds iz;ksx

1- dks ¼dkSu½ izk.khokpd ^dk^ vizk.khokpd gS] tSls& gesa jksdcs ckjs rqe dksgksr \ ck dkSu dkSa cqykrrh \ ckS dk ns[krrkS \ rqe dk [kkr rs \ b dke esa dkiqUu dk ikiA

2- dHkh&dHkh vo/kkj.kk ds gsrq dkSu ds lkFk ^lks ¼lh½ dk ;ksx dj fn;ktkrk gS vkSj rc bldk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k dh jhfr ij gksrk gS] tSls& jke dkSa dkSu lksukt nsusa \ ck dkSu lh eksM+h vk; tkSu xkr gS\ cs dkSu ls ekSM+k vk; tkSu yM+rgSaA bZ esa dkSu lh lkM+h vPNh vk; \

3- dHkh&dHkh vk'p;Z] frjLdkj rFkk nq%[k esa Hkh ^dkSu^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]tSls& b esa jkScs dh dkSu ckr gS \ vc gekb csj [kksa dkSu vk gS \ irk uba dkSu usagekb ?kM+h ys yb\

4- inkFkksZa dh fHkUurk] foiqyrk rFkk vk'p;Z nf'kZr djus ds fy, ^dkSu^ dkiz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& dkSu&dkSu Qy mu[kksa pkusa \ mrs dkSu&dkSu xo rks \ muuSdkSu&dkSu ls dke dj y;A

5- dHkh&dHkh ^dkSu^ dk iz;ksx fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS] tSls& tksdke musa dkSu Hkkjh vk; \ mudks eku dkSu mBk ldr \ bRrks u[kjk dkSu mBkldr \

6- fdlh izk.kh ;k inkFkZ dk rkfÙod y{k.k tkuus gsrq ^dk^ dk iz;ksx fd;ktkrk gS] tSls& vkneh ^dk^ gS \ gok ^dk^ gS \ Hkwxksy ^dk^ gS \

7- /kedh ;k frjLdkj ds vFkZ esa ^dk^ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& /kurks dk] /kje ds ykus ru rd yxk gSA rqeus tks dk dj MkjksA os gekvks dk djySgsaA dks dk dS jvksA

8- ^dk^ dk iz;ksx vleFkZrk izdV djus ds fy;s Hkh fd;k tkrk gS] tSls&xjhc vkneh iSlk ckjksa dks dk dj ldrA nqcZy lcy dks dk dj ldrA geHkxoku ds vkxsa dk dj ldrA gekbZ dk vkSdkrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 87

9- n'kk ;k voLFkk lwfpr djus ds fy, ^dk^ dk iz;ksx ^lS^ e/; esa j[kdjnks ckj djrs gSa] tSls& vkt cM+s&cM+s jktoa'k dk lS dk gks x;s \ tks fu;k¡ gek;srqek; ns[kr dk lS dk cu x;kSA

10- iNrkok izdV djus esa Hkh dk^ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& gk;&dk;esa tks dk dj cSBks\ dks tkur fd ck dk dj cSBsA cs gekjs ?kjSa dk vkgsa \ cs xjhcdh dk enn dj ldrA

11- dk^ dh foHkfDr leqPp;cks/kd ds leku gksrh gS] tSls& dk rqe vkSj dkrqek; HkS;kA dk rqe vkSj dk rqeko ?kjA

mi;qZDr Ng izdkjksa ds flok ,d izdkj dk loZuke vkSj gS& vkil & vkildk iz;ksx laca/k vkSj vf/kdj.k dkjdksa esa gksrk gS tSls& tkS mudks vkil dkS ekeyksgSA os vkil esasa le> ysosa] lksbZa HkyksA

,d nwljs & ,d nwljs dk iz;ksx nks O;fDr;ksa vFkok inkFkZsa dk laca/k iznf'kZrdjus esa gksrk gS] tSls& cs fdlku ,d nwljs ds gsrh gSaA cs eksM+k ,d nwljs ds nq'eucu x;s gSaA os ,d nwljs [kksa ns[kdsa ft;rA os ,d nwljs ds ykus dNq ch dj ldrA

loZuke 'kCnksa ds :ikarjloZuke 'kCnksa ds :ikarjloZuke 'kCnksa ds :ikarjloZuke 'kCnksa ds :ikarjloZuke 'kCnksa ds :ikarj

loZuke 'kCnksa ds :i esa fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds dkj.k varj gksrk gS] dsoylEcksèku dkjd ds :i ugha gksrs gSaA

fgUnh esa loZuke 'kCnksa esa fyax ds dkj.k :ikUrj ugha gksrk] ij cqUnsyh esa vU;iq#"k ,d opu iqfYyax esa ckS ¼og½ vkSj L=hfyax esa ck ¼og½ :i gksrk gSA fØ;k esafyax ds dkj.k :i ifjorZu ugha gksrk] tSls& ckS tkr gS ¼tkrk gS½A ck tkr gS¼tkrh gS½A

iq#"kokpd loZuke esa] rw ¼rsa½ cks] ck] vki vkfn gksrs gSaA ^rw ¼rsa½ drkZdkjdds ,dopu esa T;ksa ds R;ksa jgrs gSa] ij cgqopu esa Øe'k% ^ge^ vkSj ^rqe^ gks tkrsgSaA drkZ dkjd vkSj laca/k dkjd dks NksM+dj 'ks"k dkjdksa ds ,d opu esa ^eSa dks^eksa vkSj ^rw dks ^rks rFkk cgqopu esa ^ge^ vkSj ^rqe^ dj nsrs gSaA

laca/k dkjd ds ,dopu esa eSa dks eks vkSj rw dks rks rFkk cgqopu esa gek^vkSj rqek^ dj nsrs gSaA laca/k dkjd ,dopu eksa vkSj rks esa Hkh jkS] js] jh tksM+ nsrs

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 88

gSaA lEiznku esa eks dkSa& [kkSa vFkok eksj ykus ds LFkku ij eks;^ vkSj &rkSdkS^ vFkokrksjs ykus ds LFkku ij rks; iz;ksx vf/kd izpfyr gSA blh izdkj ge dkSa& [kkSa dsykus ,oa rq dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus ds LFkku ij gesa] gek;s ykusa rFkk rqeSa] rqek;s ykus dkiz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

Li"Vrk ds fy;s nksuksa ds :i bl izdkj gSa &

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkdrkdrkdrkdrkZ esa] esausa ge] geusa

dededededeZ eksdkSa] [kkSa] eks; gedkS] [kkSa] gesa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k eks lSa] eksjs }kjk gelsa lkS] gek;s }kjk

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku eks;] eksj ykuS] eksdksa] [kkSa gesa] gek;s ykus] gedksa] ge[kksa

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku ekslsa gelsa

laCka/klaCka/klaCka/klaCka/klaCka/k eksjks] eksjh] eksjs gekjks] gekjh] gekjs] gekb] gek;s] gekvkS

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k eks esa & eks is geesa] geis

bu :iksa ds vfrfjDr ,dopu esa eksjsa vkSj cgqopu esa gek;s vFkok gekjsadk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ftudk vFkZ Øe'k% esjs ikl] esjs ?kj rFkk esjs 'kjhj esa vkSj gekjsikl] gekjs vfèkdkj esa] gekjs ?kj rFkk gekjs 'kjhj esa gksrk gS tSls& eksjsa dk /kjkS ¼esjsikl½] rqe eksjSa vb;ks ¼esjs ?kj½] gekjsa ¼gekjs ikl½] vc dk jS xvks \ rqe lc lktu]ltu gek;sa U;kSrs gksA ekSjSa lksuk pk¡nh HkkSr grkSA

e/;e iq#"k ^rw ds :i bl izdkj gSa&

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkdrkdrkdrkdrkZ ¼rsa½ rwa] rwus] rsaus rqe] rqeus

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ rks;] rksdksa [kksa rqedksa [kkSa] rqeSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k rkslSa] rksjs }kjk rqelsa] rqek; }kjk

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku rksdksa] [kkSa] rksj ykuS] rks; rqedkSa] [kkS] rqek;s ykuS] rqesa

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku rks lSa rqe lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k rksjks] rksjs] rksjh rqEgkjkS] rqekjs] rqekjh] rqekvks] rqekb] rqek;sa

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k rks] eSa] iS rqe esa] rq iS

bu :iksa ds vfrfjDr ,dopu esa rksjSa vkSj cgqopu esa rqekjSa dk iz;ksx fd;ktkrk gS] ftudk vFkZ rsjs ikl] rsjs ?kj rFkk rsjs 'kjhj esa vkSj rqEgkjs ikl] rqEgkjs

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 89

vfèkdkj esaa gksrk gSA tSls& rksjsa dk /kjkS] ge rksjSa ¼rsjs ?kj½ dky x;s rs] rqekjSa ¼rqEgkjs

vf/kdkj esa½ vc dk jS xvks] ge lc rqek;sa ¼rqEgkjs ?kj½ U;kSrs vkgsa] rqek;sa HkkSr /ku

grksA

vU; iq#"k loZuke& ^og^ dk :i iqfYyax ,dopu esa ^ckS vkSj L=hfyax

,dopu esa ^ck^ gksrk gSA ckS i<+r gS& okD; ls iq#"k ;k yM+dk i<+rk gS] dk cksèk

gksrk gSA ck i<+r gS ls og L=h ;k yM+dh i<+rh gS] vFkZ fudyrk gSA buds :i drkZ

,dopu esa ^ckS vkSj ^ck^ rFkk cgqopu esa ^cs gks tkrs gSaA foHkfDr lfgr drkZ

,dopu esa ^cs ;k ^Å^ ¼mu½ vkSj cgqopu esa ^mu^ gksrk gSA deZ vkSj lEiznku

dkjdksa esa dksa&[kksa ds vfrfjDr cgqopu esa musa gks tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh ^mu^

cgqopu dk :i mug¡w ¼mugha½ gksrk gSA

vU; iq#"k loZuke ds :i bl izdkj gSa &

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ ckS] ck] Åus] vksusa cs] muuSa] mub¡ us

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ mudkSa] Å[kkSa] ck; vkSdkSa] vks; Å[kkSa mudks] [kkSa ÅuSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k mulSa] vkslSa mulsa] mub¡ lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku vk;s] mudkSa] Å[kkSa] muds mudkSa] mu[kkSa] mub¡] dkSa] mub]

ykuS] vkSdksa] vks[kkSa] vksds ykus] [kkSa muds ykus] mub¡ ds ykus

vksbdksa] vksb[kk¡] vksb ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku ÅlSa] vkslS] vksb ls] mudkS] mub lSa]

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k mudkS] Åds] mudh] mudkS] muds] mudh

vksb dkS] vksbds] vksbdh mub¡ dks] mub¡ ds] mub¡ dh

vksdkS] vksds] vksdh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k Åesa] ÅiS] vksesa] vksiS mueSa] muiS]

vksb esa & vksb iS muba esa] muba iS

vknj lwpdvknj lwpdvknj lwpdvknj lwpdvknj lwpd & ^vki^ 'kCn esa opu vkSj dkjd ds dkj.k :ikarj ugha gksrk

gS] ijUrq cgqRo okpd yksx 'kCn tksM+ nsus ij blds :i vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa

ds leku fodkjh gks tkrs gSaA

vknjlwpd 'kCn ^vki^ ds :i &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 90

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ vki] vkiusa] vkibusa vki] vkiusa] vkib usavki lcus] vki lc yksxu usa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ vkidkSa] vki[kkSa] vkibdkSa vkidkS] vki[kkSa] vkibdkSa]vkib[kkS vkib[kkSa] vki lcdkSa] [kkSa

vki yksxu dkSa] vki yksxu [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k vki lSa] vkids }kjk vkiuSa] vkids }kjk] vkib lSavkib lsa] vkib ds }kjk vkib ds }kjk] vki cl lSa vki

yksxu lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku vkidkS] vki[kkSa] vkibdkSa] vkidksa] vki[kkSa] vkib dkSavkib[kkSa] vkib ds ykus vkib [kkSa] vkids ykusvkids ykus vkib ds ykus] vki lcdkSa]

vki lc [kkSa] vki yksxu dkSa]vki yksxu ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku vkilSa] vkiblSa vkilS] vkiblSa] vki lclSa] vkivki yksxu lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k vkidkS] vkids] vkidh vki lcds] vki lcdh] vkivkib dkS] vkibds] yksxu dh] vki yksxu ds] vkivkib dh yksxu dhA

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k vkieSa] vkiiS] vkib eSa] vki esa] vki iS] vkib esa]vkib iS vkib iS] vkib lc esa &iS

vki yksxu esa & iS

futokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZukefutokpd loZuke

futokpd loZuke ^vki ds :i vfod`r jgrs gaSA ;g nksuksa opuksa esa ,dlkjgrk gSA ;g dsoy drkZ dkjd ds foHkfDrjfgr :i esa iz;qDr gksrk gS vkSj 'ks"kdkjdksa esa bldk fod`r :i ^viukS vkrk gSA

laca/k dkjd esa tc vkidk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rc dkS] ds] dh ds LFkku esaØe'k% ukS] us] uh yxkrs gSaA tSls& viukS] vius] viuhA lEiznku dkjd esa ds ykusds LFkku esa ^ykus dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ^ds dk ughaA tSls& vius ykus 'ks"k dkjdksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 91

esa ^viukS^ ds :i vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds leku gksrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh lacaèkdkjd dks NksM+dj 'ks"k dkjdksa esa ^viuk^ vkSj ^vki^ feydj vkrs gSa] tSls & viusvki lSa] vius vki ds ykus vkfnA

laca/kdkjd esa dHkh&dHkh viuks&us&uh ds LFkku esa fut&dkS&ds&dh dkiz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& fut dkS ?kjA fut dkS] ds] dh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fut dkS?kj] fut dkS] ds] dh ds LFkku esa cqUnsyh esa dsoy futh ;k vius futh dk iz;ksxHkh fd;k tkrk gSA

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ vki] vius vki vki] vkius vki] viuksa usa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ vius dkSa] vius [kkSa vius dkSa&[kkSa] vius vki dkS&[kkSavius vkidkSa&[kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k vius lSa] vius }kjk vius lSa] vkids }kjkvius vki lSa] viusvkids }kjk

lEizknkulEizknkulEizknkulEizknkulEizknku viuS dkSa] [kkSa] vius ykuS vkiuks dkSa&[kkSa] vius ds ykusvius vkids ykus vius vkidkS&[kkSa vius vkids

ykuS

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku vius lSa] vius vkilSa vius lSa] viuS vki lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k viuS] dkS] ds] dh viukS] dkS&ds&dhviukS] viuh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k vius eS&iS] vius vki vius vkiesa&iS] viuksa esa&iSeSa] iS] viuksa esa&iS

^viukS^ 'kCn fut yksxksa ds vFkZ esa laKk ds vFkZ esa Hkh vkrk gS] tSls& viuksadks lc pkmr gSaA os viukSa rd dkS HkykS ubZa djr rks nwljksa dks dk djgSaA

vfu'p;okpd dksÅvfu'p;okpd dksÅvfu'p;okpd dksÅvfu'p;okpd dksÅvfu'p;okpd dksÅ & drkZdkjd ds foHkfDr jfgr ,dopu esa bldk:i ^dksÅ^ gks tkrk gSA cqUnsyh esa ;g :i ugha gksrkA bldk cgqopu dk :i ughagksrkA cgqopu dk cks/k djkus ds gsrq blds f}#fDr iz;ksx ns[kus dks feyrs gSa &

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dksm] dksm us dksÅ] dksÅ] dksÅ] dksm us

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 92

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dksÅ] dksÅ dkSa dksÅ] dksÅ] dksÅ] dksÅ dkSa]dksÅ [kkSa] dksÅ&dksÅ [kkSa dksÅ] dksÅ [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dksÅ lSa dksÅ dksÅ lsa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dksÅ dkSa] dksÅ [kkSa dksÅ] dksÅ [kkSa] dksÅ dksÅ dkSa]dksÅ ds ykus dksÅ dksÅ ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dksÅ lSa dksm dksm lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dksm dkSa] dksm ds] dksm&dksm dkSa] dksm&dksm ds]dksm dh dksm&dksm dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dksm esa] dksm iS dksm dksm esa] dksm dksm iS

dHkh&dHkh ^dksm^ ds LFkku ij ^dkm^ dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tkrk gS] tSls &dkm us] dkm dkSa] dkm dh] dkm iSA

vfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZukevfu'p;okpd loZuke & ^dNw ds :i esa ifjorZu ugha gksrk gS vkSjblhfy;s bldh dkjd jpuk ugha gksrhA tc ^dNw dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksrkgS] rc bldh dkjd jpuk lacks/ku dks NksM+dj 'ks"k dkjdksa ds cgqopu esa gksrh gSA

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dNw dNw uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dNw&dNw dkSa] dNw&dNw [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dNw&dNw lSa] dNw ds }kjk

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dNw dkSa] dNw [kkSa] dNw ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dNw lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dNw dkS] dNw ds] dNw dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dNw esa] dNw iS

laca/kokpd loZukelaca/kokpd loZukelaca/kokpd loZukelaca/kokpd loZukelaca/kokpd loZuke

laca/k dkjd loZuke ^tks vkSj ^lks ds drkZ dkjd ds foHkfDrjfgr ,dopuds :i tks vkSj lks rFkk cgqopu ds :i esa Hkh tks vkSj lks jgrs gSaA foHkfDrlfgrdrkZ vkSj 'ks"k dkjdksa ds ,dopu esa tks vkSj lks ds :i th^ vkSj lh^ rFkk cgqopuesa ^ftu^ vkSj ^fru^ gksrs gSaA vk/kqfud cqUnsyh esa ^lks ds LFkku ij ^ckS^ ¼og½ dkiz;ksx vf/kd izpfyr gS] ftlds :i vU; iq#"k ^cksa ds leku gh gksrs gSaA deZ vkSjlEiznku dkjd esa cgqopu esa ^tks vkSj ^lks ds :i ^ftuS vkSj ^fruS Hkh iz;ksx gksrs gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 93

^tks vkSj ^lks ds lHkh opuksa vkSj dkjdksa ds fHkUu :i bl izdkj gS&

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ tks] th us tks] ftuus

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ th dkSa] th [kkSa ftudkSa] ftu[kkSa] ftuS

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k th lSa] th ds }kjk ftu lSa] ftuds }kjk

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku th dkSa] th [kkSa] th ds ykus ftu dks] ftu [kkSa] ftuds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku th lSa ftu lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k th dkS] th ds ftu dkS] ftuds

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k th esa] th iS ftuesa] ftuiS

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ lks] rh] uSa lkS] fru uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ rh dkSa] rks [kkSa fru dkSa] fru [kkSa] fruSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k rh lSa] rh ds }kjk fru lSa] fruds }kjk

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku rhdkSa] rh[kkSa] rh ds ykus fru dkSa] fru[kkS] fru ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku rh lSa fru lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k rh eSa] rh iS fru eSa] fru iS

vf/kdj.k :i %vf/kdj.k :i %vf/kdj.k :i %vf/kdj.k :i %vf/kdj.k :i % iz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZukeiz'uokpd loZuke

1- iz'uokpd loZuke 'kCn dks ¼dkSu½ ds drkZdkjd ds foHkfDrjfgr ,dopuvkSj cgqopu ds :i ^dks gh jgrs gSaA foHkfDrlfgr drkZ rFkk 'ks"k dkjdksa ds,dopu esa ^dkS dk :i ^dh^ vkSj cgqopu dk :i ^fdu^ gks tkrk gSA vktdycqUnsyh esa nksuksa opuksa esa dkSu^ dk iz;ksx vf/kdrk ls izpfyr gSA deZ vkSj lEiznkuds cgqopu esa fduS :i Hkh vkrk gSA iz'uokpd loZuke 'kCnksa ds :iksa dh rkfydkbl izdkj gS &

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dkS] dkSu uSa] dh uSa dks fduuSa] dkSu uS dhus

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dh dkSa&[kkSa] dkSu dkSa] dh;s dkSu dkSa&[kkSa] dhlSa&dh;S

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dh lSa] dh ds }kjk fdu lSa] fdu ds }kjkdkSu lSa] dkSu ds }kjk dkSu lSa] dSu ds }kjk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 94

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dh dkSa] dh [kkSa] dh dS fdu dkSa] fdu [kkSa] fdu dsykus] ykus fduS

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dh lSa] dkSu lSa fdu lSa] dkSu lSalaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dh] dkS] dh ds] dh&dh] fduds] fdudh dkSudkS

fdudks] dkSu&dkS] dkSu dh] dkSu ds] dkSu dhdkSu ds

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dh esa] dh iS fdu esa] fdu iSdkSu esa] dkSu iS dkSu esa dkSu iS

2- iz'uokpd loZuke dk ds :i foHkfDrjfgr drkZ vkSj deZ ds ,dopu esa^dk^ gh jgrs gSaA 'ks"k dkjdksa esa rFkk foHkfDrlfgr drkZ vkSj deZ esa Hkh bldk :i^dk;s ¼dkgs½ gks tkrk gSA

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopudrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dk] dk;s uSa ,d lk :ideZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dk] dk;s] dkSa] [kkSa ,d lk :idj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dk; lSa ,d lk :ilEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dk;s dksa] dk;s [kkSa] dk;s ds ykus ,d lk :iviknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dk;s lSa ,d lk :ilaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dk;s dkSa] ds] dh] dk;s esa dk;Z iS ,d lk :i

1- vki] dksÅ dk vkSj dNw dk loZuke 'kCnksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k loZuke 'kCnksads deZ vkSj lEiznku dkjdksa ds nks&nks :i gksrs gSa] ftuesa ,d dkSa&[kkSa foHkfDrlfgr gksrk gS vkSj nwljk foHkfDrjfgr gksrk gSA blls okD; esa dkSa vFkok [kkSa dhiqu#fDr ls Hkn~nkiu ugha vkrkA tSls & jkew us viuh xS;k [kkS eks[kkSa nS nvksA blesajkew us viuh xS;k [kkS eks;s ns nvksA [kkSa] mu[kkSa fn[kk nsrkSA [kk¡] muS fn[kk nsrksA

2- cgqr ls loZuke 'kCnksa ds lkFk vf/kd`r :iksa ds laca/k dkjd dh foHkfDrvkrh gSA tSls & ckS dks ckS usa feyks vkSj tks dkS tks pykS xvkSA dNw dks dNw gksr]dNw dks dNw vFkZ yxk ldsA dk¡ dks dk¡ ys vkmrA dk¡ dh dk¡ ckr [ksap j;sA

3- tkS] ckS] lks] dkSu loZuke 'kCnksa ds :iksa esa ^rukS^ vkns'k djds ifj.kkeokpd] fo'ks"k.k cukrs gSa] tSls&

tkS ftrukS dkS ¼dksu½ fdrukScks mrukS lks frrukS

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 95

cqUnsyh esa dHkh&dHkh ruksa ds LFkku ij /ofu foi;Z; ds dkj.k bruksa&bRrks]bRrh] ftruksa&ftRrh] ftRrkS] mruksa&mRrkS] mRrh] fdruksa&fdRrkS] fdRrh vkSjfrruksa&frRrks] frRrh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

tc budk iz;ksx vfuf'p;] la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.k ds jhfr ij gksrk gS] rccgqopu esa bRrs vkSj bRrh dk iz;ksx gksrk gS tSls& bRrs ?kjksa esa] bRrh fdrkcksa esaaA

4- tkS] ckS] lks vkSj dks ls izdkj cks/kd fo'ks"k.k 'kCn Hkh cuk;s tkrs gSaA blizdkj tSls] ml izdkj] oSlks] rSlks vkSj fdl izdkj] dSlsa :i fl) gksrs gSaA

5- iq#"kokpd loZuke dks NksM+dj vU; loZuke 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k dhjhfr ij gksrk gSA

fyaxfyaxfyaxfyaxfyax

fyax og :i gS] ftlls ;g irk pyrk gS fd laKk ;k loZuke dk uke cksèkd'kCn iq#"k tkfr ;k ukjh tkfr dk lwpd gSA cqUnsyh esa fyax nks gh gSa& iqfYyax vkSjL=hfyaxA cqUnsyh esa uiqaldfyax dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax & ftlls ukeokpd] 'kCn iq#"k tkfr dk gksuk lwfpr gks] mlsiqfYyax dgrs gSa] tSls &eud] yksx] vkneh] cSy] canj] lwjt] isM+A

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax & ftl ukeokpd 'kCn ls L=h tkfr dk gksuk lwfpr gks] mlsL=hfyax dgrs gSa] tSls& yqxkbZ] xS;k] canfj;k] yrkA

vpsru ;k tM+ oLrqvksa esa fyax fu.kZ; O;ogkj ds vuqlkj gksrk gS rFkkfilaLd`r] ejkBh] xqtjkrh vkSj vaxzsth esa uiqaldfyax ekuk x;k gS] ijUrq muesa Hkhvusd tM+ inkFkksZa dks muds xq.k fo'ks"k ds vk/kkj ij L=hfyax vFkok iqfYyax esa ekukx;k gS] ftlesa dBksjrk] lcyrk] Js"Brk vkfn xq.k fn[krs gSa] mUgsa iqfYyax vkSjftuesa dkseyrk] uezrk vkSj lqUnjrk vkfn xq.k fn[krs gSa] mUgsa L=hfyax esa j[kk x;kgSA

izk.khokpdizk.khokpdizk.khokpdizk.khokpdizk.khokpd

1- ftu izk.khokpd 'kCnksa ls tksM+s ;k feFkqu dk cks/k gksrk gS] muesa iq#"kcksèkddks iqfYyax vkSj L=hfyax esa ekurs gSa] tSls& yksx] eksM+k] cSy vkfn iqfYyax vkSjyqxkbZ] eksM+h] xk; vkSj HkkSth L=hfyax gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 96

ukeokpd 'kCnksa ds bu mHk; fyaxksa ds 'kCnksa esa lnSo ifr&ifRu dk laca/k ugha

jgrkA dHkh&dHkh muls dsoy iq#"k tkfr ;k ukjh tkfr dk cks/k gksrk gS tSls&

HkS;k&cfgu] psyk&psyh] lkjks&lkjh] yjdk&yjduhA

2- vusd ekuosrj izk.khokpd laKk 'kCnksa ls nksuksa fyaxksa dk cks/k gksrk gS] tSls

& uhyd.B] dkSvk] ekNh] eNjh] phy] [kVey] ddqvk] fxysjh] dksbyA

3- izkf.k;ksa ds lewgokpd laKk dk fyax Hkh O;ogkfjd iz;ksx ds vuqlkj gksrk

gS] tSls dqVe] ijckj] cal] >qaM] Hkhj] Vksyh] ijtk] xksy iqfYyax gSaA

4- dHkh&dHkh ,d gh vFkZ ds |ksrd vizk.khokpd laKk 'kCn fHkUu&fHkUu

fyaxksa esa jgrs gSa] tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

uSu vk¡[k

ekjx xSy

gk¡r Hkqtk

ik¡o Vk¡x

xzaFk iksFkh

?kj c[kjh

vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds fyaxfo"k;d fu;e bl izdkj gSa &

vizk.khokpd iqfYyaxvizk.khokpd iqfYyaxvizk.khokpd iqfYyaxvizk.khokpd iqfYyaxvizk.khokpd iqfYyax

ftu vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds var esa ^vks vFkok ^vk^ gks rks izk;% iqfYyax gksrk

gS] tSls& yksVk] iyhrk] ifV;k] FkSyk] Qkcjks] tkM+ks] cldkjks] [kSjks] Mksjk] MsjkA

futhZo cks/kd vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds iqfYyax ds fo"k; esa fuEukafdr fu;e

tkuus ;ksX; gSa &

1- laiw.kZ xzgksa vkSj rkjk xzgksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa tSls& lw;Z] panzek

¼p¡nz½] cqèk] jkgq] dsrw] /kqzo] eaxy] 'kfu] fojLir ¼o`gLifr½A

2- ftu vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds var esa ^u^ gks os izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls&

ikyu] ikslu] opu] uSu] fnu] xeu] gju] eju] rjuA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 97

3- ftu vizk.khokpd laKk 'kCnksa ds var esa ^rk^ gks os izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa]tSls& yRrk] iRrk] dqRrk&NRrkA

4- ftu vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds var esa ^[k^ gks os izk;% iqfYyax gksrh gSa] tSls&eq[k] u[k] lq[k] nq[k] la[k] ys[kA

5- ftu laKk 'kCnksa ds var esa vku] vkj] vkl] vki gks os iqfYyax gksrs gS]tSls& ugku] lgk;] mik;] fodkl] edku] feyku] yxkuA viokn Lo:i nqdku]ljdkj] cyk;] feBkl] I;kl] rdjkj L=hfyax gSaA

6- ftu Hkkookpd 'kCnksa ds var esa cks] vkc] iu rFkk ikS gks os iqfYyax gksrs gSa]tSls& xkcks] ysckS] nsckS] p<kc] cq<+kikS] yM+diuA

7- o.kZekyk ds v{kj izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& v] vk] d] [k] x] Q] evkfnA viokn b] bZ] m] Å vkSj J ¼fj½A

8- 'kjhj ds vo;oksa d uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& gk¡r] ik¡o] xksM+] dku]xyk] vksaB] nk¡r vkfnA viokn& vk¡[k] ukd] thHk] tk¡?kA

9- o"kZ] ekl] fnu ds uke iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& cq/kokj] eaxyokj] 'kfuokj]lkseokj] pSr] cS'kk[k] iwl vkfnA

10- ty vkSj Fky ds ekxksZa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa tSls& nsl] uxj] nhi]igkj] rykc] vkdkl] ikrky] ?kj vkfnA

11- igkM+ksa vkSj ns'kksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& fgekyS] foa/;k] vkcw]caxky] xqtjkr] iatkc] tkiku] bZjkuA

12- vuktksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& xsgw¡] tkS] cktjk] eVj] mjnk]puk] viokn Tokj] edk] ew¡x] jkgj vkfnA

13- nzo inkFkksZa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& nw/k] rsy] ?kh] ngh] egh]ikuh] ljcr] vrj] QqysyA viokn Nk¡N vkSj L;kbZ L=hfyaxA

14- jRuksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& ghjk] eksrh] iUuk] tckgj] yky]iq[kjkt vkfnA viokn ef.k L=hfyax gSaA

15- o`{kksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& ihij] ccwy] [ktwj] lkxkSuAviokn cfj;k] csjh] tkequ] fcgh] beyhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 98

16- /kkrqvksa ds uke izk;% iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls& lksuk] rkekS] yksgk] dk¡lks] ihrj]

Vhu] lhlkSA viokn pk¡nh] ekVh] /kkrA

vizk.khokpd L=hfyaxvizk.khokpd L=hfyaxvizk.khokpd L=hfyaxvizk.khokpd L=hfyaxvizk.khokpd L=hfyax

1- fØ;k ls cuus okys ^vdkjkUr^ Hkkookpd laKk 'kCn izk;% L=hfyax gksrs gSa]

tSls & ywVekj] le>] jgu] tju] Nki] iqdkj] ped] [kkst vkfnA viokn [ksy]

pyu] ukp] foekj] mrkj] p<+ko] cksy iqfYyaxA

2- rf)r 'kCn ls cus ^b;k^ izR;;kUr laKk 'kCn L=hfyax gksrs gSa] tSls &

Mfc;k] [kfV;k] gfM+;k] QqfM+;k] nqdfu;k] yqfV;k] dqfV;k] iqfj;k vkfnA

3- fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk] unh ;k frfFk dk uke L=hfyax gksrs gSa] tSls & fgUnh]

xqtjkrh] ejkBh] caxyk] vaxszth] mnwZ] xaxk] csrok] /klku] ujcnk] dkcsjh] nkst] rht]

pkSFk] vkBsa] X;kjl vkfnA

4- vdkjkUr vizk.khokpd laKk 'kCn izk;% L=hfyax gksrs gSa] tSls & n;k] ek;k]

eerk] Nek] d#uk] gck] nck] ltk] tek] ikB'kkyk] nqfu;k¡ vkSj nsork vkfnA

5- ftu vizk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds var esa r^ gksrk gS os izk;% L=hfyax gksrs gSa] tSls

& ckr] jkr] tkr] ykr] jhr] dljr] dher] nkSyrA viokn & Hkkr] [kkr] xkr]

nl[kr] ljcrA

6- nzo inkFkksZa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k bZdkjkUr vizk.khokpd 'kCn izk;% L=hfyax gksrs

gSa] tSls& cksyh] fpV~Bh] Nqjh] ykBh] chekjh] pkykdh] xjhch] xjeh] ljnh] :fp]

vkxh] fcanh] unh] Vksih] mnklhA

7- ftu Hkkookpd 'kCnksa ds var esa ^vkbZ ^rk^ ^cV^ ;k ^gV^ izR;; gksa os izk;%

L=hfyax gksrs gSa] tSls & cukcV] ltkcV] cquckbZ] cqykgV] dkseyrk] dk;jrk] /kqckbZ]

pjkbZ] dVkbZ] vkfnA ;kSfxd 'kCnksa ds fyax dk cks/k mlds vafre 'kCn ;k ¼L=hfyax½

ftu ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dk vafre 'kCn vkRek gksrk gS] os lc iqfYyax gksrs gSa] tSls&

ijekRek] thokRek] egkrek] nqjkrek] vkfnA

tc ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dk vafre 'kCn nzO; lwpd gks] rc mudk vkSdkjkUr]

bZdkjkUr gks tkrk gS & BaMkS&BaMhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 99

iqfYyax ls L=hfyax cukus ds fu;eiqfYyax ls L=hfyax cukus ds fu;eiqfYyax ls L=hfyax cukus ds fu;eiqfYyax ls L=hfyax cukus ds fu;eiqfYyax ls L=hfyax cukus ds fu;e

^b^ izR;; yxkus ls^b^ izR;; yxkus ls^b^ izR;; yxkus ls^b^ izR;; yxkus ls^b^ izR;; yxkus ls & vdkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr iqfYyax izk.khokpd 'kCnksads vUR; Loj dk yksi dj mlesa ^b^ izR;; yxkus ls L=hfyax 'kCn curs gSa] tSls&

nsc nsch ekSM+k ekSM+hnkl nklh uj ukjhukuk ukuh csVk csVhnknk nknh vktk vkthQwQk QwQh dkdk dkdhpkpk pkphviokn&x/kk x/kS;k dqRrk dqfr;k

^b^ vFkok ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus l^b^ vFkok ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus l^b^ vFkok ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus l^b^ vFkok ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus l^b^ vFkok ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus ls & vkSdkjkUr iqfYyax izk.khokpd 'kCnksads vUR; Loj dk yksidj ^b^ rFkk ^b;k^ izR;; yxkus ls L=hfyax curs gSa tSls &

esanjks feanfj;k nw/kckjkS nw/kckjhpksa[kjksa pq[kfj;k dawtjks dqatfj;kdkrugkjkS dkrugkjh HkrhtkS Hkrhth

vu izR;; yxkus lvu izR;; yxkus lvu izR;; yxkus lvu izR;; yxkus lvu izR;; yxkus ls & izk.khokpd iqfYyax 'kCnksa ds vUR; Loj dk yksidj^vu^ izR;; yxkus ls L=hfyax okph 'kCn curs gSa tSls &

vghj vghju resjks resjuxekj xekju rsyh rsyuiqtkjh iqtkju /kksch /kkscuXokyk Xokyu ekLVj EkkLVjueksph ekspu dqEgkj dqEgkjupijklh pijklu dkNh dkNuukbZ ukbZu teknkj teknkjuviokn&okeu okeUuh Bkdqj BdqjkbZu

^uh^ izR;; yxkus ls^uh^ izR;; yxkus ls^uh^ izR;; yxkus ls^uh^ izR;; yxkus ls^uh^ izR;; yxkus ls & dfri; ekuosÙkj izk.khokpd 'kCnksa ds var esa ^uh^izR;; yxkus ls L=hfyax curs gSa] tSls &

Å¡V Å¡Vuh jhN jhNuh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 100

lsj lsjuh L;kj L;kjuhfgUuk fgUuh liZ liZuheksj eksjuh

^bu^ izR;; yxkus l^bu^ izR;; yxkus l^bu^ izR;; yxkus l^bu^ izR;; yxkus l^bu^ izR;; yxkus ls & vusd miuke okpd iqfYyax ds var esa vUR; Lojdk yksidj ^bu^ ¼vu~½ izR;; yxkus ls curs gaS] tSls&

Bkdqj Bkdqjkbu felj feljkbuikBd iBdku lqdy lqdyku

^vkuh^ izR;; yxkus ls^vkuh^ izR;; yxkus ls^vkuh^ izR;; yxkus ls^vkuh^ izR;; yxkus ls^vkuh^ izR;; yxkus ls & vusd iqfYyax miuke okpd 'kCnksa ds L=hfyax'kCn cukus esa vaR; Loj dk yksi dj ^vkuh^ izR;; yxkrs gSa tSls &

lsB lsBkuh nsoj nsojkuhesgrj esgrjkuh iafMr iafMrkuhukSdj ukSdjkuh tsB tsBkuh

vusd iqfYyax 'kCnksa dk L=hfyax 'kCn esa izR;; yxkdj cukrs gSa] tSls &

HksM+ HksfM+;k cfgu cfguksbZHkSal HkSalk uun uunksbZthtk thth ekSlh ekSfl;k

dbZ izk.khokpd iqfYyax 'kCnksa ds L=hfyax 'kCn fuEu gksrs gSa] tSls &

HkkbZ cfgu llqj lkljktk jkuh ekek ekehnqcs nqcSu cSy xk;ckck ckbZ iq#"k f=;k

opuopuopuopuopu

laKk ;k vU; fodkjh 'kCn ds ftl :i ls la[;k dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls opudgrs gSaA cqUnsyh cksyh esa opu nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & ,dopu vkSj cgqopuA

,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu & fodkjh 'kCnksa ds ftl :i ls ,d dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls ,dopudgrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ & yqfV;k] ?kqjok] iydk] iYyh] pnjk] /kqfr;k] iksydkA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 101

cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu & fodkjh 'kCn ds ftl :i ls ,d ls vf/kd inkFkksZa dk cks/k gksrkgS] mls cgqopu dgrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZa & mM+rs rksrs] xb;k¡] cdfj;k¡] eksfM+;sa] cm;sa]cdfj;sa] fcfy;saA

opuHksn ds pkj 'kCnHksnksa ds :i fod`r gksrs gSa& laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k]fØ;kA

loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ds :i laKk&'kCnksa ds :iksa ds v/khu jgrs gSa vkSjfØ;k 'kCnksa ds :i dqN fHkUu gksrs gq, Hkh laKk ;k loZuke 'kCnksa ds v/khu jgrs gSatks iz/kkur;k mu fØ;k 'kCnksa ds drkZ o deZ gqvk djrs gSaA bu dkj.kksa ls iz/kkufopkj laKk ds :iksa ij fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd vU; fodkjh 'kCnHksnksa ds :ifodkjlaKk'kCnksa ds :iksa ds izk;% vèkhu gksrs gSaA laKk'kCnksa ds :iHksn opuHksn ds vuqlkjgksrs gSa & 1- foHkfDrlfgr] 2- foHkfDrjfgrA bu nksuksa esa ,d 'kCn ds leku nks :iksads vFkZ esa varj jgrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s& ?kksM+s us Hkwlk [kk;k vkSj ?kksM+s Hkwlk [kkrsgSaaA igys okD; esa ?kksM+s ds lkFk us foHkfDr gksus ls ?kksM+s ?kksM+k^ 'kCn dk ,dopudk :i gSa vkSj nwljs okD; esa ^?kksM+s ds foHkfDr jfgr gksus ls ^?kksM+k^ 'kCn dkcgqopu dk :i gSA foHkfDr ds lkFk ^?kksM+k^ 'kCn cgqopu ,oa ^?kksM+ksa* gksxk^A

laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDr jfgr ,dopu vkSj cgqopu :iksa esa lkekU;r% Hksn ughajgrk] mudk fu.kZ; fØ;k ds laca/k ls djrs gSa] tSls& 'ksj ikuh ihrk gS vkSj 'ksjksaus ikuh fi;k] bu nksuksa esa Øe'k% igyk vkSj nwljk okD;] ,dopu vkSj cgqopu gSA

,dopu ls cgqopu cukus ds fu;e,dopu ls cgqopu cukus ds fu;e,dopu ls cgqopu cukus ds fu;e,dopu ls cgqopu cukus ds fu;e,dopu ls cgqopu cukus ds fu;e

1-¼v½ iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDrghu vdkjkUr :iksa ds vafre vk^ dks ,^dj nsus ls muds cgqopu ds :i cu tkrs gSa mnkgj.kkFkZ& dqRrk&dqRrs] twrk&twrs]dsyk&dsys] rkjk&rkjsA

¼c½ foHkfDrjfgr vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds cgqopu ds :i cukus essamuds ,dopu ds :iksa ds ^vUR;^ ^vk^ dks ^vksa dj nsrs gSa rFkk ,dopu ds :i esafoHkfDr yxkus ds iwoZ ^vUR;^ ^vk^ dks ^,^ dj nsrs gSa mnkgj.kkFkZ &

,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopugkFkh us gkfFk;ksa us gkFkh ij gkfFk;ksa ij?kj esa ?kjksa esa x/ks ls x/kksa ls

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 102

fo'ks"k & cqUnsyh ds O;kogkfjd :i esa vdkjkUr :i esa vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk'kCnksa ds foHkfDrlfgr ,dopu dk izk;% fodkl ugha gksrk] mnkgj.k& ?kj esa] gkFkhiS] x/kk lsA

¼l½ L=hfyax ,dopu laKk 'kCnksa foHkfDrjfgr vdkjkUr :iksa ds var esa ,^tksM+us ls muds cgqopu ds :i cu tkrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ &

,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopuunh ufn;sa cfgu cfgusaiqLrd iqLrdsa >hy >hysaa

n- ,dopu L=hfyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDrlfgr vdkjkUr :iksa ds var esa^vks yxkus ls muds cgqopu :i cu tkrs gSa &

,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopuunh esa ufn;ksa esa cfgu dks cfguksa dksiqLrd ls iqLrdksa ls >hy esa >hyksa esa

2- ¼v½ iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDrjfgr nksuksa opuksa ds :i leku jgrs gSa]mnkgj.kkFkZ& eksjsa ,d cSy gS& eksjsa pkj cSy gSaA jktk dsa ,d iq=h gS& jktk dsa pkjiq=h gSaA

¼c½ L=hfyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDrjfgr vkdkjkUr nksuksa opuksa esa ,d tSlsjgrs gSa ;k :iksa ds vUR; esa ^v^ ds LFkku ij ^,^ dj nsus ls muds cgqopu ds :icu tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ& bUusa ,d iqM+h [kkb& bUusa pkj iqM+h [kkbaA yjdk dh ,ddeht gS& yjdk dh pkj dehtsa gSaA

¼l½ iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds ,dopu ds foHkfDrlfgr vdkjkUr :iksa esa vUR;esa ^v^ dks ^vks dj nsus ls cgqopu ds :i cu tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ& dqavk las &daqvksa lsa] esM+ iS& esM+ksa iSA

3- ¼v½ bdkjkUr vFkok bZdkjkUr foHkfDrjfgr iqfYyax laKk 'kCn nksuksa opuksaesa ,d leku jgrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ & mrS ,d fpjS;k grh& mrS ik¡p fpjS;k grhaAÅus ,d yMqvk [kkc& muus nl yMqvk [kk;A

¼c½ foHkfDrjfgr bZdkjkUr vFkok bdkjkUr L=hfyax ,dopu ds laKk 'kCnksa dscgqopu :i cukus esa vUR; ^b^ vFkok ^bZ dks ^b;ka dj nsrs gSa mnkgj.kkFkZ& brs

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 103

,d [kkV gS& brs ik¡p [kfV;k¡ gSaA bds ikl ,d xS;k gS& bZds ikl ik¡p xS;k¡ gSaA

¼l½ foHkfDr bdkjkUr vFkok bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ,dopu ds laKk 'kCnksa dsvUR; esa ^b^ vFkok ^bZ dks ^b;ksa djus ls muds cgqopu :i cuk;s tkrs gSaAmnkgj.kkFkZ& Fkkjh dks&Fkkfj;ksa dks] dqfr;k [kksa&dqfr;ksa [kksa] ifg;k&ifg;ksaA

¼n½ bdkjkUr vFkok bZdkjkUr laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDrlfgr ,dopu ds vUR;esa b] bZ ds LFkku ij ^;u^ dj nsus ls cgqopu dk :i cu tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ&dqykjh lsa& dqykfj;u lsa] xkM+h lsa& xkfM+;¡u lsA

4- ¼v½ ,sls foHkfDr okys ,dopu iqfYyax laKk 'kCn ftuds vUR; esa ^b;k^gS] mudk ,d :i ifjofrZr ugha gksrk & yfM+;k vPNks gSA lcjs yfM+;k vPNs gSaAtks xqfj;k dPpks gS& ts xqfj;k dPps gSaA ,d fNfM+;k p<+ xvksA ik¡p fNfM+;k p<+xvksA

¼c½ fcuk foHkfDr okys L=hfyax] ,dopu laKk 'kCnksa ds vUR; esa ^b;k^ gks]muds cgqopu cukus ds fy, ^b;k^ ds LFkku ij ^b;k¡^ dj nsrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ&muds ,d fcfV;k gS& mudsa rhu fcfV;k¡ gSaA

¼l½ ,sls foHkfDr;qDr] ,dopu L=hfyax okys 'kCnksa ds vUR; esa] cgqopu cukusds fy, b;k^ ds LFkku ij b;ksa Hkh dj nsrs gSa&yfB;k ls&yfB;ksa lsa] Mqdfj;k us&Mqdfj;ksa usA

¼n½ ,dopu iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDr;qDr :iksa ds vUR; esa ^b;k^ dsLFkku ij cgqopu cukus ds fy, ^vk^ dk yksi dj ^u^ tksM+ nsrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ&dqfB;k esa& dqfB;u esa] cfN;k us& cfN;u us] HkSfl;k dksa& Hksfl;u dksaA

5- ,dopu dks cgqopu cukus ds fy, laKk 'kCnksa ds vUR; esa tu&tuksa] xuvkfn 'kCn Hkh yxk;s tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ& xq#& xq#tu@ xq#tuksa] fjfl]fjflxuksa& fjfltu@ fjfltuksaA

6- tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ds ,dopu ls Hkh tkfr ds lewg ;k cgqopu dkcks/k gksrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ & HkVk nks :ib;k fdyks gSaA cSyck ek¡xs gks x,A

7- lkekU;r% nzO; vFkok inkFkZokph laKk dk iz;ksx ,d gh opu ds :i esagksrk gSA ijUrq inkFkZ vFkok nzO;fo'ks"k dh fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa dks crkus esa Hkh mudsiz;ksx cgqopu esa Hkh gksrs gSa& nqdkunkj ds cUu&cUu ds mUuk gSaA Qwyk vPNs yxr gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 104

8- ¼v½ ftu foHkfDr;qDr ,dopu iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds vUR; esa ^m^ vFkok^Å^ gks rks muds cgqopu :i cukus ds fy, nh?kZ ^Å^ ds LFkku ij ^vksa yxkrs gSaAmnkgj.kkFkZ& vkyw [kksa& vkyqvksa [kksa] >kMw lsa& >kMqvksa lsaA

¼c½ ftu foHkfDrjfgr ,dopu iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa vUR; esa ^m^ vFkok ^Å^gks mu nksuksa opuksa ds :i leku gksrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ& tks geko dqRrk vk;& csgek; dqRrk vka;A rqe HkkSr xqLlSy gks & mrs lcb xqLlSy gSaA

¼l½ ,dopu iqfYyax laKk 'kCnksa ds foHkfDr okys :iksa ds vUR; esa m^ vFkok^Å^ dks g`Lo cukdj ^vu^ tksM+rs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ& ckcw us & ckcqvu usA

¼n½ foHkfDrjfgr ,dopu L=hfyax laKk 'kCnksa ds vUR; esa m^ vFkok Å^ dkscgqopu ds :i esa cnyus ds fy, Å^ dks gLo djds vu^ tksM+rs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ&cgw&cgqvuA

9- cqUnsyh esa fgUnh dh Hkk¡fr vknjlwpd :i esa Hkh cgqopu dk iz;ksx djrsgSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ& muusa rks lkaph dbZ rhA bafnjk th HkkSr vPNh grhA

10- cqUnsyh esa nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ls fy;s x;s 'kCnksa ds cgqopu :i cqUnsyh dsvuqlkj gh curs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ &

foHkfDrlfgrfoHkfDrlfgrfoHkfDrlfgrfoHkfDrlfgrfoHkfDrlfgr foHkfDrjfgrfoHkfDrjfgrfoHkfDrjfgrfoHkfDrjfgrfoHkfDrjfgr,d QkSth grks & pkj QkStksa grs QkSt us & QkStu usmrS dqlhZ is cSBus & dqflZ;u is cSBs rsa dqlhZ iS & dqflZ;u iS,d ykyVsu & ik¡p ykyVsusa gSa jsy esa & jsyksa esa

11- cqUnsyh ds L=hfyax vkSj iqfYyax nksuksa :iksa esa ,dopu ls cgqopu ds fy,'kCnksa ds vUR; esa ^vu^ izR;; yxkrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ& yjdk us & yjdu usa] eksM+hus & eksfM+;u usaA

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd

okD;jpuk esa dkjd vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA okD; esa laKk ;k loZuke 'kCnksadk fØ;k ;k vU; laKk loZuke 'kCnksa ls laca/k dks dkjd dgrs gSa] tSls& ';kew uSa]mudkS ?kj] mulSa] muds ykus vkfn esa uSa] dkS vkSj lSa ls ;qDr ';kew vkSj mu laKk

'kCnksa ds os :ikarj gSa] tks budk laca/k okD; ds nwljs 'kCnksa ls lwfpr djrs gSa] ;s

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 105

izR;; foHkfDr;k¡ dgykrha gSaA cqUnsyh esa foHkfDr ds vkxs fQj dksbZ izR;; ugha

yxrk] ijUrq vU; izR;; ds ckn Hkh foHkfDr yxk;h tkrh gS] tSls& ?kj Hkj eSa] xk¡o

Hkjs eSa] ?kjS dSA cqUnsyh esa vkB dkjd gksrs gSa &

1- drkZ dkjd uSa] us

2- deZ dkjd dksa] dkS] [kksa] [kkSa] [kk¡

3- dj.k dkjd lsa] lSa

4- lEiznku dkjd dksa] dkSa] [kksa] [kkSa] , ds ykus

5- viknku dkjd lsa] lSa

6- laca/k dkjd dk] dkS] ds] dh] [kks] [kh] jks] jh] ukS] us] uh

7- vf/kdj.k dkjd esa] iS] vS ¼,½

8- lEcks/ku dkjd vjs] vkS] ,

1- drkZ dkjd1- drkZ dkjd1- drkZ dkjd1- drkZ dkjd1- drkZ dkjd

laKk o loZuke 'kCn ds ml :i dks drkZ dkjd dgrs gSa] ftlls og lwfpr

gks fd fØ;k mlesa fo"k; esa fo/kku djrh gSA bl dkjd esa us foHkfDr ds LFkku ij

cqUnsyh esa uSa] usa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& ';ke uS muuSa] geuSa] buuSaA drkZ dkjd

ds nks Hksn gksrs gSa& izèkku drkZ] viz/kkudrkZA

d- iz/kkudrkZ dkjd d- iz/kkudrkZ dkjd d- iz/kkudrkZ dkjd d- iz/kkudrkZ dkjd d- iz/kkudrkZ dkjd & ftl drkZ dkjd ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ds

vuqlkj fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k gksrs gSa] mls iz/kkudrkZ dgrs gSa] tSls & eksgu

nkSM+r grkS& blesa nkSM+r grkS fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ^eksgu^ drkZ ds fyax]

opu vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj gSa] blesa eksgu iz/kku drkZ gSA iz/kku drkZ ds lkFk uSa ¼usa½

foHkfDr dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA

[k- viz/kkudrkZ dkjd[k- viz/kkudrkZ dkjd[k- viz/kkudrkZ dkjd[k- viz/kkudrkZ dkjd[k- viz/kkudrkZ dkjd & ftl drkZ dkjd ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ds

vuqlkj fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ugha gksrs] mls viz/kkudrkZ dgrs gSa] tSls &

?kksM+k us [kqj ekjkS blesa ?kksM+k] drkZ ds vuqlkj u gksdj ^deZ ds vuqlkj gS] blls

;g viz/kku drkZ gSA ekSM+ksa uSa jksVh [kk ybZ A ge uSa Hkh [kk ybZ fØ;k ds fyax] opu

vkSj iq#"k ^ekSM+ksa drkZ ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj u gksdj ^jksVh^ deZ ds

vuqlkj gSaA viz/kkudrkZ ds lkFk ^uSa foHkfDr dk iz;ksx vo'; fd;k tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 106

2- deZ dkjd2- deZ dkjd2- deZ dkjd2- deZ dkjd2- deZ dkjd

laKk ;k loZuke ds ml :i dks deZ dkjd dgrs gSa] ftlls ml inkFkZ dkcks/k gks] ftl ij fØ;k dk Qy iM+rk gS] tSls& ?kksM+k pkjks pjr] jkew us cSy [kkSagk¡dkS] deyk jksVh cukmrA

vizk.khokpd deZ dk fpà izk;% yqIr jgrk gSA tSls& eksgu fdrkc i<+r] xS;kHkqlk [kkrA ;fn ,d gh okD; esa ^deZ dkjd^ vkSj lEiznku dkjd nksuksa vk;sa rksizk;% deZ dh foHkfDr yqIr jgrh gS] tSls rqe jkew dkSa vukt nS nksA deZokP; dhfØ;k ds lkFk deZ esa drkZ dh foHkfDr gks tkrh gS vkSj drkZ dkjd esa ^lSa foHkfDrgks tkrh gS] tSls& ?kksM+k lsa pkjkS ubZa pjkS xvkSA eks lsa jksVh ubZa [kk;h x;hA xqikylsa esur ubZa gksrA

3- dj.k dkjd3- dj.k dkjd3- dj.k dkjd3- dj.k dkjd3- dj.k dkjd

laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn ds ml :i dks dj.k dkjd dgrs gSa] ftlesa fØ;k dslk/kd gsrq dk cks/k gksrk gS] tSls & etwj uS dqykjh ls isM+ dkVkSA ;gk¡ dkVkS fØ;kdk lk/kd gsrq ^dqykjh^ gSA

^dj.k dkjd^ dk iz;ksx fØ;k djus dh fof/k ;k izdkj crykus esa gksrk gS]tSls & ea=h usa [kqlh ls v¡xwBh nbZA muus eu lsa dke djkSA ewY;okpd laKk dsdj.k dkjd dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& iSlksa lsa xS;k yS yksA O;fDr ;k oLrq dhmRifRr vkfn dks Li"V djus ds fy, dj.k dkjd^ dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] tSls& vkVkslsa jksVh cuk nba] xS;k lsa cfN;k gksr] cht ls ukt gksr] gy lsa [ksr tksrks tkrAdgha&dgha dj.k dkjd dh ^lSa foHkfDr dk yksi gksrk gS] tSls & vk¡[ku ns[kh] uSadkuu lquhaA

4- lEiznku dkjd4- lEiznku dkjd4- lEiznku dkjd4- lEiznku dkjd4- lEiznku dkjd

laKk ;k loZuke ds ml :i dks lEiznku dkjd^ dgrs gSa] ftlls ml inkFkZdk cksèk gks] ftlds fy;s fØ;k dh tk;sA tSls& ';ke usa lksgu dkSa ukt nvksA

bldh foHkfDr iz/kkurk ^dkSa ;k ^[kkSa gS] ijUrq dHkh&dHkh ^dS ykus dk Hkhiz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls & jkew ds ykus Qwy ns nSvksA pksjksa us iSlksa ds ykusa lsB dh tkuys ybA jktk usa jkuh ds ykusa mEnk egy cuckvksaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 107

;ksX;rk] mi;qDrrk vkSj vkSfpR; vkfn iznf'kZr djus ds fy;s lEiznku dkjdvkrk gS] tSls & yjdk] fcfV;u [kksa erkb&cki dh ckr ekukS pS;s] tks dke vPNsvkneu ds tksx rkS ub;k¡] bZ vklu iS rks jktk dkSa cSBkjkS pS;sA

5- viknku dkjd5- viknku dkjd5- viknku dkjd5- viknku dkjd5- viknku dkjd

laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn ds ftl :i ls vyx gksuk ik;k tk;s] mls viknkudkjd dgrs gSaA bldh foHkfDr ^lsa gS] tSls& isM+ lsa Qwy >jr] fgekys lsa xaxkfudjhA isM+ ls Qy fxjks] Vscy lsa iqlrd fxj xbZA

fHkUurk] ifjp;] vis{kk ds vFkaZ dk cks/k djkus esa Hkh viknku dkjd vkrk gS]tSls& Å eksM+k lsa tks eksM+k vPNks gSA ewj[k nksLr lsa X;k¡uh nq'eu vPNksa fo|k ghu[kksa dksÅ uba iw¡Nr] Hkxoku rkS cqf} lsa ijs gSa] Åa ds dke nqfu;k ls gVds gSA

6- laca/k dkjd6- laca/k dkjd6- laca/k dkjd6- laca/k dkjd6- laca/k dkjd

laKk loZuke 'kCn ds ftl :i ls mlds cks/kd inkFkZ dk futRo ;k LokfeRolwpd laca/k fdlh nwljs inkFkZ cks/kd laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn ls tkuk tk;s] mls lacaèkdkjd dgrs gSa] tSls & gfj;k dks ?kksM+k Å¡pksa iwjkS gSA vlye dh gksVy [kqyh gSAmudks HkS;k cM+kS yM+S;k gSA bldh foHkfDr;k¡ dks] ds] dh gSa] tks mRre vkSj e/;eiq#"k okpd loZuke 'kCnksa ds lkFk jkS] jh] js vFkok mPpkj.k Hksn ls vkS] ,] bZ gks tkrhgSa] tSls& eksgu dkS] ds] dhA ekSjks] ekSjs] eksjhA rqekvks] rqek,] gekvkS] gek,] gekbZA

laca/k dkjd esa tks 'kCn laca/k j[krk gS] mlds lkFk foHkfDr gksrh gS vkSj mls^Hksnd^ dgrs gSa] rFkk ftlls laca/k j[kk tkrk gS] mls ^Hks|^ dgrs gSa] tSls& gfj;kdks cxhpk cM+kS mitkÅ gSA blesa gfj;k ^dks Hksnd vkSj ^cxhpk^ Hks| gSA laca/kdkjd dk foHkfDr fpà Hks| laca/k fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj cnyrk gS] tSls&gfj;k dkS cxhpk] jkew dh xkM+h vkfnA lksus ds daxuk ¼daduk½ ekVh dkS ?kjAcjkcj] lkS ¼leku½] ljh[kkS ¼lkn`';½ v/khu rFkk o'k dk vkfn 'kCnksa ds ;ksx esa lacaèkdkjd gksrk gS] tSls& tk xS;k eksjh xS;k lh uS;k¡] jkew dkS eksM+k cki ds cldks ubZ;k¡]Åa dks eksM+k ekSr mTtM dgko] dk; ds oks rks dksuÅ dh ckrbZ ubZ lqu joA

lsO;&lsod&Hkko] drZ&deZ&Hkko] vax Hkko vkSj tU;&tud Hkko esa laca/kdkjd gksrk gS] tSls& Hkxoku dkS lalkj] jktk dh jS;r] uxj dkS iqjk] pk¡nh dhfMfc;k] gk¡r dh v¡xqfj;k¡] rsyh dks csVk vkSj dkSanksa dh jksVhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 108

ifj.kke] voLFkk] dky] ;ksX;rk] 'kfDr vkSj ewY; dks crykus esa laca/k dkjdvkrk gS] tSls& pkj ehy dh xSy] nl lky dh eksM+hA ckjk lky dks isM+A lkS dhlkM+h gtkj dks ?kqjckA

lejlrk] Hksn] v/khurk vkSj lkehI; dks crykus esa laca/k dkjd dk iz;ksxgksrk gS] tSls& xk¡o dks xk¡o VwV ijkS] nsl ds nsl feV x;sA vkneh&vkneh dks varj]ufn;k ds ikl] jktk ds v/khuA

7- vf/kdj.k dkjd7- vf/kdj.k dkjd7- vf/kdj.k dkjd7- vf/kdj.k dkjd7- vf/kdj.k dkjd

laKk] loZuke 'kCn ds ml :i dks vf/kdj.k dgrs gSa] ftlls fØ;k dk vk/kkj tkuk tkrk gS tSls& ryk esa ikuh gSA fcLrj iS eksM+k ijks] eVdk esa eBk /kjksA

vf/kdj.k dkjd dh foHkfDr ^esa vkSj ^iS^ ij dgha&dgha dkSa] [kkSa foHkfDr lsHkh vfèkdj.k dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls & Hkksiky [kkSa xvkS] eanj [kkSa x;s rsAdgha&dgha vdkjkUr laKk 'kCnksa dks ,sdkjkUr djds Hkh ^vf/kdj.k dkjd^ cukrs gSa]tSls& ?kjS gSa] ctkjS tkrA

fu/kkZj.k esa vFkkZr~ vusd ds chp esa ,d dk fu'p; djus esa vf/kdj.k dkjdgksrk gS] tSls& nsoksa esa egknso cM+s gSaA ufn;ksa esa xaxk ifo= gS] lc eksfM+;u esa jkèkklqanj gSA

gsrq izdkj esa viknku vkSj vf/kdj.k nksuksa dkjd gksrs gSa] tSls& viknku&,slkS dke djkS] thesa tl feyS] bRrh i<+kbZ djkS thesa ikl rks gks tkvksA

8- lEcks/ku dkjd8- lEcks/ku dkjd8- lEcks/ku dkjd8- lEcks/ku dkjd8- lEcks/ku dkjd

laKk 'kCn ds ml :i dks lEcks/ku dgrs gaS] ftlls fdlh dks iqdkjk tk;s;k psrkouh nh tk;s] tSls& gs jke! jPNk djksA vjh fcfV;k! dqvk¡ esa uS >k¡dAbldh foHkfDr;k¡ gs] gks] vjs vkSj vjh gSaA

lEcks/ku dkjd dh foHkfDr;k¡ laKk 'kCnksa ds vkfn esa mi oxksZa ds lekuyxk;h tkrh gSa] ;|fi os izR;; gks tkrh gSaA ftl 'kCn ds var esa tks Loj gS] ogml 'kCn] mu Loj dk vUr dgykrk gS] tSls& ?kksM+k 'kCn vdkjkUr] cgw 'kCnÅdkjkUr vkSj ea=h bZdkjkUr gSA fuEukafdr dqN mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V gksxk fd cqUnsyhesa ,dopu ls cgqopu curs le; 'kCnksa esa D;k ifjorZu gksrs gSa rFkk dkjd jpukfdl izdkj dh tkrh gS \

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 109

vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ekyd^vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ekyd^vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ekyd^vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ekyd^vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ekyd^

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ ekyd] ekyd uSa ekyd] ekydkSa uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ ekyd] ekyd dkSa ¼[kkSa½ ekyd] ekydksa dkSa] ekydksa [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k ekyd] ekyd lSa ekydksa lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku ekyd dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus ekydksa dkSa [kkSa] ekydksa ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku ekyd lSa ekydksa lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k ekyd dkS] ds] dh ekydksa dkS] ekydksa ds] dh ekydksa esa iS

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k ekyd eSa is ekydksa eSa is

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjs ekyd ,] vks] vjs ekydksa

vdkjkUr L=hfyax ^HkS al^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^HkS al^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^HkS al^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^HkS al^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^HkS al^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ HkSal] HkSal us HkSal] HkSalkSa usa] HkSalu usa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ HkSal] HkSal dksa ¼[kksa½ HkSalsa] HkSalksa dksa] HkSlkSa [kkSa] HkSalu dksa] [kksa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k HkSal lSa HkSalksa lSa] HkSalu lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku HkSal dkSa][kkSa] HkSlu ds ykus HkSlkSa dkSa] [kkSa] HkSlksa ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku HkSal lSa HkSlksa lSa] HkSalu lSa

laCk a/klaCk a/klaCk a/klaCk a/klaCk a/k HkSal dkS] ds] dh HkSlksa dkS] ds] dh] HkSalu dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k HkSaLk eSa] iS HkSalksa esa] HkSalksa iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku vks] ,] vjh] HkSal vks] ,] vjh] HkSalksa

vdkjkUr iqfYyax ^jktk^ 'kCnvdkjkUr iqfYyax ^jktk^ 'kCnvdkjkUr iqfYyax ^jktk^ 'kCnvdkjkUr iqfYyax ^jktk^ 'kCnvdkjkUr iqfYyax ^jktk^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ jktk] jktk uSa jktk jktkvksa uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ jktk] jktk dkSa] [kkSa jktk] jktkvksa dkSa] [kkSa] jktu dkSa [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k jktk lSa jktkvksa lSa] jktu lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku jktk dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus jktkvksa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] jktudkSa] [kkSa ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku jktk lSa jktkvkSa lSa] jktu lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k jktk dS] ds] dh jktkvkSa dkSa] ds] dh] jktu dkSa] ds] dh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 110

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k jktk eSa is jktkvksa eSa&iS] jktu eSa&iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku vks] ,] vjs] jktk vks] ,] vjs] jktk

vdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xS;k^ ¼xk;½ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xS;k^ ¼xk;½ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xS;k^ ¼xk;½ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xS;k^ ¼xk;½ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xS;k^ ¼xk;½ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ xS;k] xS;k uSa xS,¡] xS;ksa us] xS;u usa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ xS;k] xS;k dkSa] [kkSa xS,¡] xS;ksa dkS] [kkSa] xS;u dkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k xS;k lSa xS;ksa lS] xS;u lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku xS;k dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus xS;ksa] dksa] [kkSa] ds ykus] xS;u dkSa[kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku xS;k lSa xS;ksas lS] xS;u lS

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k xS;k dkSa] ds] dh xS;ksa dkS] ds] dh] xS;u dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k xS;k eSa] iS xS;ksa eSa] iS] xS;u esa iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh xS;k ,] vks] vjh xS;ksa

vdkjkUr L=hfyax ^dU;k^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^dU;k^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^dU;k^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^dU;k^ 'kCnvdkjkUr L=hfyax ^dU;k^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dU;k] dU;k ussa dU;k,¡] dU;kSa usa] dU;u uSa

dededededeZ dU;k dkSa] dU;k [kkSa dU;k,¡] dU;kSa dkSa] [kkSa dU;u dkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dU;k lSa dU;kSa lSa] dU;u lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dU;k dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus dU;kSa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] dU;udkSa [kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dU;k lSa dU;kSa lSa] dU;u lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dU;k dkS] ds] dh dU;kSa dks] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dU;k eSa] iS dU;kSa eSa] iS] dU;u eSa] iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh] dU;k ,] vks] vjh] dU;kvksa

bdkjkUr iqfYyax ^dfo^ 'kCnbdkjkUr iqfYyax ^dfo^ 'kCnbdkjkUr iqfYyax ^dfo^ 'kCnbdkjkUr iqfYyax ^dfo^ 'kCnbdkjkUr iqfYyax ^dfo^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu cgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dfo] dfo uSa dfo] dfo;ksa uSa] dfo;u uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dfo] dfo dkSa] [kkSa dfo] dfo;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] dfo;u dkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dfo lSa dfo;ksa lSa] dfo;u lSa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 111

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dfo dkSa] [kkSa] dfo ds ykusa dfo;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] dfo;udkSa] [kkSa] ds ykusa

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dfo lSa dfo;ksa lSa] dfo;u lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dfo dkS] ds] dh dfo;ksa dkS] ds] dh dfo;u dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dfo eSa] iS dfo;ksa eSa] iS]

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjs dfo ,s] vks] vjs dfo;kas

bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^lzqfr^ 'kCn ¼Jqfr½bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^lzqfr^ 'kCn ¼Jqfr½bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^lzqfr^ 'kCn ¼Jqfr½bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^lzqfr^ 'kCn ¼Jqfr½bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^lzqfr^ 'kCn ¼Jqfr½

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ lqzfr] lqzfr uSa lzqfr;k¡] lzqfr;ksa uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ lqzfr] lqzfr dkSa lzqfr;ksa] lzqfr;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] lqzfr;udkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k lqzfr lSa lqzfr;ksa lSa] lzqfr;u lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku lqzfr dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus lqzfr;ksa dkS] [kkSa ds ykus] lqzfr;udkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku lqzfr lSa lqzfr;ksa lSa] lqzfr;u lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k lqzfr dkS] ds] dh lqzfr;ksa dkS] ds] dh lzqfr;u dkS]ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k lqzfr eSa iS lqzfr;ksa eSa] iS] lzqfr;u eSa] iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh lqzfr ,] vks] vjh lqzfr;ksa

bZdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ea=h^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ea=h^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ea=h^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ea=h^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr iqfYyax ^ea=h^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ ea=h] ea=h uSa ea=h] eaf=;ksa uSa] eaf=;u uSa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ ea=h] ea=h dkSa] [kkSa ea=h] eaf=;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] eaf=;u dkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k ea=h lSaa eaf=;ksa lSa] eaf=;u lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku ea=h dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus eaf=;ksa dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus] eaf=;udkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku ea=h lSa eaf=;ksa lSa] eaf=;u lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k ea=h dkS] ds] dh eaf=;ksa dkS] ds] dh] eaf=;u dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k , ea=h] uSa iS eaf=;ksa uSa] iSa] eaf=;u uSa iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,s] vks] vjs] ea=h ,] vks] vjs eaf=;ksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 112

bZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^nklh^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^nklh^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^nklh^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^nklh^ 'kCnbZdkjkUr L=hfyax ^nklh^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopudrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ nklh] nklh uSa nkfl;k¡] nkfl;ksa uSadeZdeZdeZdeZdeZ nklh] nklh dkSa] [kkSa nkfl;k¡] nkfl;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] nkfl;u

dkSa] [kkSadj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k nklh lSa nkfl;ksa lS] nkfl;u lSAlEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku nklh dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus nkfl;ksa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] nkfl;u

dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykusviknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku nklh lSa nkfl;ksa lSa] nkfl;u lSalaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k nklh dkS] ds] dh nkfl;ksa dkS] ds] dh] nkfl;u dkS]

ds] dhvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k nklh eSa iS nkfl;ksa uSa] iSa] nkfl;u eSa] iSlEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh nklh ,] vks] vjs nkfl;ksa

mdkjkUr iqfYyax ^tarq^ 'kCnmdkjkUr iqfYyax ^tarq^ 'kCnmdkjkUr iqfYyax ^tarq^ 'kCnmdkjkUr iqfYyax ^tarq^ 'kCnmdkjkUr iqfYyax ^tarq^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopudrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ tarq] tarq uSa tarqvksa] tarqvksa uSadeZdeZdeZdeZdeZ tarq] tarq dkSa] [kkSa tarq] tarqvksa dksa [kkSa] tarqvu dkSa] [kkSadj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k tarq lSa tarqvksa lSa] tarqvu lSalEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku tarq dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus tarqvksa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] tarqvu

dkS] [kkSa] ds ykusviknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku tarq lSa tarqvksa lSa] tarqvu lSalaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k tarq dkS] ds] dh tarqvksa dkS] ds] dh] tarqvu dkS]

ds] dhvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k tarq eSa] iS tarqvksa eSa] iS] tarqvu eSa] iSlEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjs tarq ,] vks] vjs] tarqvksa

ÅdkjkUr L=hfyax ^cgw^ ¼o/kw½ 'kCnÅdkjkUr L=hfyax ^cgw^ ¼o/kw½ 'kCnÅdkjkUr L=hfyax ^cgw^ ¼o/kw½ 'kCnÅdkjkUr L=hfyax ^cgw^ ¼o/kw½ 'kCnÅdkjkUr L=hfyax ^cgw^ ¼o/kw½ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopudrkdrkdrkdrkdrkZ cgw] cgw uSa cgq,¡] cgqvksa uSadededededeZ cgw] cgw dkSa] [kkSa cgq,¡] cgqvksa dkSa] [kkSadj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k cgw lSa cgqvksa lSa] cgqvu lSa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 113

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku cgw dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus cgqvksa dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus] cgqvudkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku cgw lSa cgqvksa lSa] cgqvu lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k cgw dkS] ds] dh cgqvksa dkS] ds] dh cgqvu dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k cgw eSa] iS cgqvksa eSa] iS] cgqvu eSa] iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh cgw ,] vks] vjh cgqvksa

,dkjkUr iqfYyax ^pkScs^ 'kCn,dkjkUr iqfYyax ^pkScs^ 'kCn,dkjkUr iqfYyax ^pkScs^ 'kCn,dkjkUr iqfYyax ^pkScs^ 'kCn,dkjkUr iqfYyax ^pkScs^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ pkScs] pkScs us pkScs] pkSckSa us

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ pkScs] pkScs dkSa] [kkSa pkScS] pkSckSa dkSa] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k pkScs lSa pkSckSa lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku pkScs dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus pkSckSa] dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku pkScs lSa pkSckSa lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k pkScs] dkS] ds] dh pkSckSa dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k pkScs] eSa] iS pkSckSa eSa] iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjs pkScs ,] vks] vjs pkScksa

vkSdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xkS^ 'kCnvkSdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xkS^ 'kCnvkSdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xkS^ 'kCnvkSdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xkS^ 'kCnvkSdkjkUr L=hfyax ^xkS^ 'kCn

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ xkS] xkS uSa xkS,¡] xkSvksa usa

deZdeZdeZdeZdeZ xkS] xkS dkSa] [kkSa xkS] xkSvksa dkSa] [kkSa xkSvu dkS] [kkSa

dj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k xkS lSa xkSvksa lSa] xkSvu lSa

lEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku xkS dkSa] [kkSa] xkS ds ykus xkSvksa dkSa] [kkSa ds ykus] xkSvu dkS][kkSa] ds ykus

viknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku xkS lSa xkSvksa lSa] xkSvu lSa

laca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k xkS dkS] ds] dh xkSvks dkS] ds] dh] xkSvu dkS] ds] dh

vf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k xkS eSa] iS xkSvksa eSa] iS] xkSvu eSa iS

lEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjh xks ,] vks] vjh xkSvksa

cqUnsyh esa ^dkSnks 'kCn ,slk gS] ftlds foHkfDrjfgr vkSj foHkfDrlfgr :i,d leku jgrs gSa rFkk ftlds :iksa esa opu ds dkj.k fodkj mRiUu ugha gksrkA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 114

dkjddkjddkjddkjddkjd ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopudrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ dkSnks] dkSnksa uSa dkSnks dkSnks] dkSnks uSadeZdeZdeZdeZdeZ dkSnks] dkSnks dkS] [kkS dkSnks] dkSnks dkSa] [kkSadj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k dkSnks lS dkSnks lSlEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku dkSnks dkS] [kkSa] ds ykus dkSnks dkSa] [kkSa] ds ykusviknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku dkSnks lS dkSnks lSlaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/klaca/k dkSnks dkS] ds] dh dkSnks dkS] ds] dhvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.kvf/kdj.k dkSnks eSa] iS dkSnks eSa] iSlEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/kulEck s/ku ,] vks] vjs dkSnks ,] vks] vjs dkSnks

fo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.k

fo'ks"k.k os fodkjh 'kCn gksrs gSa] laKk ;k loZuke ds xq.k vFkok ifjek.k vkfndh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa vkSj mldh O;kfIr dks e;kZfnr djrs gSaA tSls & xaxk ifo=unh gSA bl mnkgj.k esa unh tkfrokpd laKk 'kCn dh O;kfIr ^ifo=^ fo'ks"k.k dsdkj.k e;kZfnr gks x;h gS] D;ksafd ,slh Hkh ufn;k¡ gS] tks ifo= ugha gksrh gSaA tkslaKk 'kCn dh fo'ks"krk crkdj O;qRifRr e;kZfnr djrk gS] mls fo'ks"k.k vkSj ftllaKk dh fo'ks"krk crkrk gS og ^fo'ks";^ dgykrk gSA Åij ds mnkgj.k esa ^unh^fo'ks"; vkSj ifo=^ fo'ks"k.k gSA fo'ks"k.k 'kCn Hkk"kk esa nks izdkj ls iz;qDr gksrs gSa] bUgsaØe'k% fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k vkSj fo/ks; fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA

fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.kfo'ks"; fo'ks"k.kfo'ks"; fo'ks"k.kfo'ks"; fo'ks"k.kfo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k & tks fo'ks"k.k laKk ds lkFk mlds igys vkrk gS] mlsfo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa] tSls& vksdh cM+h ukd gSA jkew dks cM+ks isV gSA L;kusavkneksa dh laxr vPNh gksr gSA

fo/ks; fo'ks"k.kfo/ks; fo'ks"k.kfo/ks; fo'ks"k.kfo/ks; fo'ks"k.kfo/ks; fo'ks"k.k & tks fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; ds ihNs vkSj fØ;k ls igys vkrk gS]og fØ;k dh lgk;rk ls fo'ks"; dh fo'ks"krk crykrk gS] tSls& dYiuk fp=dkjhesa gqfl;kj gSA 'kfDr [ksycsa esa prqj gSA

cqUnsyh esa :i vkSj vFkZ dh n`f"V ls fo'ks"k.k ik¡p izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

O;fDr okpd] xq.k okpd] la[;k okpd] ifjek.k okpd vkSj loZukeh¼loZukfed½A

O;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.kO;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.kO;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.kO;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.kO;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.k & ;s O;fDrokpd laKk ls curs gSa] ;s fo'ks"k.k 'kCnO;fDr dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSa] tSls& frCcr&frCcrh] vle&vleh] caxky&caxkyh]enjkl&enjklhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 115

v- O;fDrokpd laKk 'kCn ds vUR; ^v^ vFkok ^vk^ dks ^b^ djus lsenzkl&enzklh] ikfdLrku&ikfdLrkuh] vejhdk&vejhdh] usiky&usikyh] HkwVku&HkwVkuh]fla/k&fla/kh] jktLFkku&jktLFkkuhA

c- dHkh&dHkh vUR; ^v^ vFkok ^vk^ dks ^b;k^ djus ls tSls& dydRrk &dydfr;k] jk;iqj&jk;iqfj;k] jkeiqj&jkeiqfj;k] dkuiqj&dkuiqfj;k]Hkkstiqj&Hkkstiqfj;kA

xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k & ;s fo'ks"k.k laKk 'kCnksa ds xq.k crykrs gSa] blfy,xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa] tSls& ihjkS] gjkS] lqisr] dfj;k] eVSyks] ÅtjkS] eSyks]xksjh] Hkwjks] nwcjks] eksVkS] irjkS] bdkjkS] Å¡pks] uSapks] gydks] pkSajks] l¡djkS] dM+ks ¼dj~jks½]dkSajks] xnjkS] dPpkS] iDdkS] njnjks] fpdukS] lwdks] xhykS] fupjkS] rharkS] uvkS] iqjkukSa]ljkS ¼lM+ks½] ukSauh] dVkS] tqM+kS ¼tqM+k½] BaMkS] rkrkS vkfnA mnkgj.k& u;h xS;k] xhyksdiM+k] Å¡pkS edku] ihyh /kqfr;k] nwcjkS vkneh] ekSVks lsB] dfj;k eksM+k] xksjh eksM+h]lwdjks lks eksM+k] tks cM+ks cq)heku gSA

1- ghurk Kkfir djus ds fy;s xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk iqfYyax ,dopuesa ^lkS iqfYyax cgqopu esa ^ls L=hfyax ,dopu esa ^lh^ vkSj L=hfyax cgqopu esa^lh^ tksM+rs gSa] tSls& cM+kS lkS ?kj] NksVh ls lanqfd;k] yackS lkS isM+] gkFkh lks tkuoj]NksVha lh fcfy;k¡] eksVh lha dqfr;k¡A

2- dHkh&dHkh xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k] tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ls cus fo'ks"k.kksa }kjklwfpr gksrs gSa] tks mu tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ds laca/k dkjd ds :i esa ifjofrZrgks ldrs gSa] tSls& vkilh >x+M+k] ?k: nckbZ] 'kgjh yksx vkfnA

3- tc fo'ks"k.k yqIr jgrk gS] rc xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx laKk dsleku gksrk gS] tSls& viukSa dks gsr djkS] xjhcksa iS n;k jk[kkSA

4- vusd laKk 'kCnksa ds var esa bZykS] bZys] bZyh] bSyha izR;; yxkus ls xq.kokpdfo'ks"k.k curs gSa] tSls& Nfo&NchykS] Nchys] Nchyh] NchyhaA xk¡B& x¡BhykS] x¡Bhys]x¡Bhyh] x¡BhyhaA ykt& ythykS] ythys] ythyh] ythyhaA lqj& lqjhykS] lqjhys]lqjhyh] lqjhyhaA gB& gBhykS] gBhys] gBhyh] gBhyhaA

5- laKk 'kCnksa esa cku~] car] crh vFkok carh izR;; yxkus ls xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k'kCn curs gSa] tSls& ykt ¼carh izR;;½ yktcarhA :i ¼crh izR;;½ :icrhA /ku¼cku~ izR;;½ èkuoku~A xqu ¼cku~ izR;;½ xqucku~A xqu ¼crh izR;;½ xqucrhA HkkX;¼cku izR;;½ HkkX;cku] ¼carh izR;;½ HkkX;carhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 116

6- vusd laKk 'kCnksa esa ^,^ vFkok ^vks izR;; yxkus ls xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kcurs gSa] tSls& Hkw[k&Hkw[kkSa] Hkw[ksA I;kl&I;klkS] I;kls] N;kl&N;klkS] N;klsA:vkl&:vk¡lkS] #vklsA

7- dqN Hkkookpd laKk 'kCnksa esa ^y^ izR;; yxkus ls xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k cutkrs gSa] tSls& d`ik&d`iky] n;k&n;kyA

8- dHkh&dHkkj Hkko okpd laKk 'kCn esa lhy^ tksM+dj Hkh xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kcu tkrs gSa] tSls& Neklhy] n;klhy vkfnA

9- cqUnsyh ds dqN 'kCnksa ljh[kks tSlks cjkcj^ fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx lacaèklwpd vO;; dh rjg Hkh gksrk gS] tSls& rqejs ljh[kksa dks gks ldrA rqek; ekSaM+ktSlks eksjk lksbZ ekSaM+k gSA vksds ?kj cjkcj eksjks ?kj gSA

10- laca/k lwpd vO;; ^yk;d^ ¼ykd Hkh½ dk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh xq.kokpdfo'ks"k.k ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] tSls& gek; ¼gejs½ ykd dksbZ dke gks rks cksyksA

11- tc xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ls fo'ks"; yqIr gks tkrk gS] rc os laKk 'kCncu tkrs gSa] tSls& xjhc [kkSa dk; lrkmr gksA cM+kS ds eksa dk; yxr gksA

la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k& cqUnsyh esa blds nks izdkj gSa& fuf'pr la[;k okpdvkSj vfuf'prla[;k okpdA

fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.k& fuf'pr la[;k dk cks/k djkus okysfo'ks"k.k 'kCn] fuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa] tSls& chl vkneh] vk¡BeksHkkx] pkSFkk Hkkx] rhu xS;saA buds ik¡p izdkj gksrs gSa& x.kukcks/kd] Øecks/kd] vko`frcks/kd] leqnk; cks/kd vkSj izR;;cks/kdA

1- x.kukcks/kd1- x.kukcks/kd1- x.kukcks/kd1- x.kukcks/kd1- x.kukcks/kd & fo'ks"; oLrqvksa dks Bhd fxurh dk cks/k djkus okysfo'ks"k.k x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA ;s nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & v- iw.kkZadcks/kd]c- viw.kkZadcksèkdA

v- iw.kkZadcks/kdv- iw.kkZadcks/kdv- iw.kkZadcks/kdv- iw.kkZadcks/kdv- iw.kkZadcks/kd & ftl fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ls iwjs vadksa dk cks/k gksrk gS] mlsiw.kkZadckèkd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa] tSls& ,d] chl] NCchl] murkyhl] pkyhl] ipkl]ipiu] NIiuA

c- viw.kkZadcks/kdc- viw.kkZadcks/kdc- viw.kkZadcks/kdc- viw.kkZadcks/kdc- viw.kkZadcks/kd& ftlls x.kuk ds v/kwjs vadksa dk Hkh cks/k gks] mlla[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dks viw.kkZadcks/kd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa] tSls & nks frgkbZ] rhupkSFkkbZ] ,d pkSFkkbZ] ikSus pkj lsj] lk<+s ik¡p xtA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 117

iw.kkZad cks/kd la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ds vad vkSj muds cqUnsyh uke tSls&

1 ,d 26 NCchl

2 nks 27 lRrkbl

3 rhu 28 vV~Bkbl

4 pkj 29 murhl

5 ik¡p 30 rhl

6 NS 31 bdrhl

7 lkr 32 cRrhl

8 vkB 33 rsrhl

9 ukS 34 pksarhl

10 nl 35 isarhl

11 X;kjk 36 NRrhl

12 ckjk 37 lsarhl

13 rsjk 38 vM+rhl

14 pkSnk ¼pkSmnk½ 39 murkyhl

15 i¡Unzk 40 pkyhl

16 lksyk 41 bdrkyhl

17 lRrjk 42 C;kyhl

18 vBkjk 43 rsrkyhl

19 mUuSl ¼mubZal½ 44 pckyhl

20 chl] fclh 45 isarkyhl

21 bdSl ¼bdbZl½ 46 fN;kyhl

22 ckbl 47 lasrkyhl

23 rsbl 48 vM+rkyhl

24 pkSchl 49 muupkl

25 iPphl 50 ipkl

51 baD;kmu 76 fN;Rrj

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 118

52 ckmu 77 lrRrj

53 frjsiu 78 vBRrj

54 pkSvu ¼pÅvu½ 79 mU;klh

55 ipiu 80 vLlh

56 NIiu 81 bD;klh

57 larkmu 82 C;klh

58 vaBkmu 83 rsjklh

59 mulB 84 pkSjklh

60 lkB 85 ipklh

61 bdlB 86 fN;klh

62 cklB 87 lrklh

63 frjslB 88 vBklh

64 pkSalB 89 ucklh

65 iSalB 90 uCcs

66 fN;klB 91 bdkucS

67 lM+lB 92 ckucS

68 vM+lB 93 rsjkucS

69 muRrj 94 pkSjkucS

70 lRrj 95 iapkucS

71 bdRrj 96 fN;kucS

72 cgRrj 97 lUrkucS

73 frgRrj 98 vaBkucS

74 pkSagRrj 99 fuU;kUcS

75 ipRrj 100 lkS

eSfFkyh] vo/kh] Hkkstiqjh rFkk [kM+h cksyh esa X;kjg ls vBkjg rd dh fxurhesa ^gs dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ij cqUnsyh esa ^gs vdkj esa cny tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 119

1- lkS ds Åij dh la[;k fxuus esa ,d lkS dgdj fQj ,d ls fuU;kuos rddh la[;k dgrs gSa] tSls & 101 ¼,d lkS ,d½] 114 ¼,d lkS pkSnk½] 145 ¼,d lkSiSarkyhl½A blh izdkj nks lkS ds ihNs nks lkS ,d] nks lkS iPphl vkfn dgrs gSaA ukSlkS rd ;gh Øe jgrk gSA

x.kukcks/kd iw.kkZad esa ^BkS^ vFkok ^BkSy^ dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls &nks BkS] pkj BkSyA dHkh&dHkh BkS^ dks BkSvk^ Hkh dgrs gSa] tSls & nks BkSvk] nks BkSy]pkj BkSA

2- viw.kkZad cks/kd fo'ks"k.kksa ds uke vkSj vad uhps fn;s tkrs gSa] tSls &

iko 1@4 lokvks 1 1@2

ikSuks 3@4 ikSus nks 1 3@4

pkSFkkbZ 1@4 frgkbZ 1@3

vk/kkS 1@2 Mso<+kS 1 1@2

cqUnsyh igkM+s esa Mso<+k] v<S+;k] <~;kSapk Øe'k% 1½] 2½] 3½ ds vFkZ esa iz;qDrfd;s tkrs gSaA budh ckjg rd dh fxurh Hkh gksrh gSA

3- dHkh&dHkh Hkkx 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tkrk gS] tSls & pkSFkks Hkkx] vkèkkSHkkx] frgkbZ Hkkx] nwljks Hkkx] rhljks] NBvksa] lkrvkSa] lkrkSa Hkkx] vkBkSa Hkkx] uokSaHkkxA

viw.kkZadcks/kd la[;kviw.kkZadcks/kd la[;kviw.kkZadcks/kd la[;kviw.kkZadcks/kd la[;kviw.kkZadcks/kd la[;k & okpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx eki&rkSy okpd laKk'kCnksa ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS] tSls & lok lj] Ms<+ eu] ikSu xtA

x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.k & bl oxZ ds fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esa la[;k dk ,d Øegksrk gS] tSls & igykS] nwljkS] pkSFkh] nlcha] vkBoha] ik¡pok¡] lkrckS] vkBckSA ik¡pla[;k ls ^ckS ^ck^ ^ch^ tksM+rs gSa] tSls& ik¡pok¡] chlok¡] vM+rhlok¡ vkfnA vkBoha]bdSlohaA laLd`r ds frfFk&lwpd 'kCn cqUnsyh esa bl rjg ls vkrs gSa& nkst] rht]pkSFk] ik¡psa] NBSa] lkrSa] vkBSa] ucSa] nlSa] X;kjl] ckjl] rsjl] pkSnl] iwukSa] vekml]ijekA

vko`fRrcks/kdvko`fRrcks/kdvko`fRrcks/kdvko`fRrcks/kdvko`fRrcks/kd & ftl fuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k ls ;g irk pys fdfo'ks"k la[;k dk okP; fdrus xquk gS] mls vko`fÙk cks/kd x.kuk okpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 120

gSa] tSls& nqxukS] pkSxqukS] ipxqukS] lkSxqukSaA vko`fRrcks/kd iw.kkZad esa xquk ;k xquhyxkus ls curs gSaA xquk ;k xquh yxkus ls igys nks ls lkB rd dh la[;kvksa ds 'kCnksaesa vkfn Loj ds uhps fy[ks vuqlkj fodkj gksrs gSa& nks&nqxuk] rhu&frxquk]pkj&pkSxquk] ik¡p&ipxquk] NS&NSxquk] lkr&lrqxuk] vkB&vBxqukA

igkMs+ esa ¼nwfu;k½ vko`fÙkcks/kd fo'ks"k.kksa ds :i & ,d nwuh & nks] nks nwuh &pkj] nks fr;k & NS] nks pkSds & vkB] nks iapSa & nl] nks NDds & ckjk] nks lRrs&pkSnk] nks vV~Bs& lksyk] nks uoesa & vBkjg] nks /kke & chlA

leqnk;cks/kdleqnk;cks/kdleqnk;cks/kdleqnk;cks/kdleqnk;cks/kd & bl oxZ ds :ikarfjr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ,d leqnk; ;klewg ds |ksrd gksrs gSa] tSls& ipklkS vkneh] lSdM+ksa yksx] ntZuksa vyekfj;k¡] chlksaekSM+k vkfnA bu lSdM+ksa 'kCn esa ij izR;;ksa dk ;ksx gksrk gSA lSdM+ksa dk lSdjksa]lSdju 'kCn dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

v- iw.kkZadcks/kd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dsa vksa ^vkS^ tksM+us ls leqnk;cks/kd fo'ks"k.kcurs gSa] tSls& rhukSa] ik¡pkSa] nlkSa] iphlkSaA

c- leqnk;cks/kd x.kuk okpd fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh chp esas ^dsvFkok dh^ j[kdj nks&nks ckj fd;k tkrk gS] tSls & nl ds nl] ipkl ds ipkl]chl ds chl] rhl ds rhlA

l- dHkh&dHkh vo/kkj.kk ds fy;s leqnk;cks/kd fo'ks"k.k dh f}#fDr Hkh gksrhgS] tSls & ik¡ps ds ik¡pS] rhuSa dh rhuSa] nlSa dh nlSaA

3- leqnk;cks/kd fo'ks"k.k esa tksM+h nks ds vFkZ esa vkSj x¡Mk ¼xM+k½ pkj vkSj ik¡pds vFkZ esa vkrs gSa] tSls& ,d tksM+h&nks] pkj tksM+h&vkB] ,d x¡Mk ;k xM+k&pkj;k ik¡p] nks xM+k vkB vkSj nl] Ng xM+k pkSchl ;k rhl vkfnA

4- dHkh&dHkh ^folh^ dk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gS] tSls& ,d folh chl] nks folhpkyhl] ik¡p folh lkS] NS% folh ,d lkS chlA

izR;sdcks/kdizR;sdcks/kdizR;sdcks/kdizR;sdcks/kdizR;sdcks/kd & ftl la[;k cks/kd fo'ks"k.k ls ;g tkuk tk;s fd fo'ks";laKk ds okP;izk.kh ;k inkFkZ izR;sd i`Fkd&i`Fkd lewg esa gSa] mls izR;sd cks/kd dgrsgSaA bldk uke foHkktd la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k gks ldrk gS] tSls& gj fnu] gjrhljh lky] gj pkSFks eghusA

v- x.kukcks/kd iw.kkZad fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls izR;sd cks/kd fo'ks"k.k dk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 121

vFkZ fudyrk gS] tSls& mudkS ,d&,d ohj nl&nl ds cjkcj gS] rhu&rhu ?kaVsiS igjks cnyks tkrA

c- viw.kkZadcks/kd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esa eq[; 'kCn dh f}#fDr ls izR;sdcks/kdfo'ks"k.k dk vFkZ fudyrk gS tSls & ikSus nks&nks :iS;k] lkM+s rhu&rhu xt diM+k]MsM+&MsM+ jksVhA

vfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k

fdlh fuf'pr la[;k dk cks/k u djkus okys fo'ks"k.k vfuf'pr la[;kcks/kdfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA buls fo'ks"; oLrq dh fuf'pr la[;k dk cks/k ugha gksrk] tSls& dNw vkneh] fdruh xS;ka] rhld tuha] chld vknehA

fuf'pr la[;k & la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esa ^,d^ tksM+us ls vfuf'prla[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k curs gSaA ,d^ 'kCn tksM+us ds iwoZ ,^ dk yksi dj fn;k tkrkgSA tSls &

ipkl $ ,d ¾ ipkldnl $ ,d ¾ nldrhl $ ,d ¾ rhld

blh izdkj dHkh&dHkh gtkjd] lkSdA

1- fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ds var esa ^vks tksM+us ls vfuf'prla[;k okpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCn curs gSa] tSls& chlksa csj rqeus pksjh djh gSA nlksa <ksjej x;sA yk[kksa dks uqdlku gks xoA lSdM+ksa :iS;k gkj x;s] gtkjd Hkud rksvk;d gqb;saA

2- nks fuf'pr x.kukcks/kd fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk&lkFk iz;ksx djus ls Hkh fo'ks"k.kcurs gSa] tSls rhu&pkj lsj vukt gqb;sA vkB nl fnuksa esa vk tSgSa] pkj ik¡p tuhapy gSaA

3- ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k & blesa Fkksjks] HkkSr] fcykr] eqyd] vfn;k¡ rudeqrdkS] dNw] xYyu] lcjks] iwjks] v/kwjks] gk¡rd] lsjd] eud] fVifj;kd] fVibv¡u]vknks ¼vk/kks½] dkSapu] xjSV] ftruks] mruks] mruksa vkfn cqUnsyh ds ifjek.kokpdfo'ks"k.k 'kCn gSaA ;s lHkh 'kCn fdlh u fdlh izdkj dk ifjek.k ;k eki crykrs gSaAifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 122

Fkksjks&Fkksjks ikuhAHkkSr&HkkSr] Fkksjks lks dke] fcykr tusa] eqyd ds lqvkArud&rud nwnAeqrdks&eqrdks lkekuAxYyu&xYyu elkyksAiwjks&iwjk ?kj] xk¡oAv/kwjks&v/ksjks dke] vfn;k¡ ?ksykAgkrd&gkrd diM+kAlsjd&lsjd vkVksAeud&eud pkmjAfVifjvkd&fVifjvkd csjAfVibv¡u&fVibv¡u ekVhAvknks ¼vk/kk½&vknks QyA?kw¡Vu&?kw¡Vu ikuh ¼?kq¡Vus rd ikuh½Axju&xju ikuh ¼xys rd ikuh½AxjSV ¼xys rd½&xjSV dlsaM+ks ikuhAbruks&bruks dke] brukS uktAftrukS&ftruks ekyAmruks&mruks ukt] bRrks&bRrks lks ikuh] ftRrks&ftRrks nsus gks; lks ns nsvksA

blh izdkj vU; ifjek.kokpd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa &

v- ifjek.k cks/kd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx tc cgqopu fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk gksrk gS] rcos cgqopu esa gksus ls vfuf'pr la[;k okpd fo'ks"k.k gks tkrs gSaA

ifjek.kck s/kdifjek.kck s/kdifjek.kck s/kdifjek.kck s/kdifjek.kck s/kd vfuf'pr la[;kcks/kdvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kdvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kdvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kdvfuf'pr la[;kcks/kddNw & ykSVk esa dNq nw/k gSA mrS dNw <ksj cxjs gSaAlc & lc crZu ys vkvksA cs lc tus g¡lu yxsAFkksjkS & ufn;k esa Fkksjks ikuhgSA xk¡o esa Fkksjs vkneh gSaAfdrukS & ckcjh esa fdrukS ikuh gSA jkew dkSa fdrus iSlk feysAftruks & ftruksa ukt pkgs ys yksA ftrus Qy pkus ys yksA

bruks & brukS xYykS dk¡ /kjksA brus <ksj dk¡ ck¡/k gksA

iwjkS & Åus iwjks Qk;nks mBkoA vcs iwjs vkneh dk¡ vk;A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 123

c- fuf'pr ifjek.k crkus esa la[;k cks/kd fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk ifjek.k cks/kdlaKk 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& NS xt diM+k] nl eu [kksck] rhu euxqM+A

l- ifjek.kcks/kd laKk 'kCnksa ds var esa vksa tksM+us ls vfuf'pr ifjek.kcksèkdfo'ks"k.k curs gSa tSls& euksa ?kh] xtksa diM+k] lsjksa nw/kA

n- ,d dk ifjek.k crykus esa ifjek.kcks/kd laKk 'kCn esa ^Hkj^ izR;; yxkrsgSaA tSls& xt Hkj dijk] eu Hkj nw/k] lsj Hkj ukt vkfnA

;- vo/kkj.kk ds fy;s dbZ ifjek.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kksa esa iqfYyax fo'ks"; ds lkFk^lkS^ vkSj L=hfyax fo'ks"; ds lkFk ^lh^ izR;; tksM+rs gSa] tSls& brukS lkS dke]fdrukS lkS ikuh] mruh lh nkj vkfnA

j- dbZ ifjek.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esa fuf'p; ds vFkZ esa ^lks vFkok ^lh^tksM+rs gSa] tSls& brukS lks uqdlku] bruh lh iM+kb vkfnA

lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.klkoZukfed fo'ks"k.klkoZukfed fo'ks"k.klkoZukfed fo'ks"k.klkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k

ckS] ck] tks] tkb] bZ] Å] ts] cs] mu] Å dks dkSu vkfn cqUnsyh ds lkoZukfedfo'ks"k.k gSaA ;s okLro esa loZuke gaS] ij ;s tc fdlh laKk dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSa]rc lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k cu tkrs gSaA

O;qRifRr ds vk/kkj ij lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & ewy loZukevkSj ;kSfxd loZukeA

ewy loZukeewy loZukeewy loZukeewy loZukeewy loZuke & os gSa] tks fcuk fdlh :ikUrj ds loZuke 'kCn ds ewy :iesa vkrs gSa] tSls & cs [kr] cs vkneh] dNw tuha] cks csyA

v- ^cks vkSj ^cs rFkk ^tksbZ vkSj ^lksbZ fu'p;okpd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dhjhfr ij vkrs gSaA budks ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k Hkh dgrs gSaA D;ksafd budk iz;ksx fdlhlaLFkk 'kCn ds okP; dh vksj ladsr djkus esa gksrk gS] tSls& cks ?kj] cs [ksr] tksbZyM+dk] tbZ yM+dhA

c- dks ¼dkSu½ vkSj dk^ ¼D;k½ iz'uokpd loZuke 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx iz'uokpdlkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dh jhfr ij gksrk gS] tSls & dkSu txk ¼txg½] dk ckr] dknlk] dk gky] dkSu vkneh] dkSu lk/kwA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 124

l- ^dksbZ vkSj ^dNw vfu'p;okpd loZuke 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vfu'p;okpdlkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dh jhfr ij gksrk gS] tSls& dbZ vkneh] dNw yjdk] dksbZfdlku] dNw dke] dNw mik;] dNw nckbA

;kSfxd loZuke ;kSfxd loZuke ;kSfxd loZuke ;kSfxd loZuke ;kSfxd loZuke & ;s fo'ks"k.k 'kCn loZuke esa izR;; yxkus ls cuus okysfo'ks"; gSaA ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k 'kCn nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

1- ifjek.k vFkok vfuf'pr la[;kcks/kd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA

2- izdkjokpd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA

v-v-v-v-v- ftl] fdl] frl] ml vkSj blds vUR; ^l^ dks rukS] rus] vkns'k djusls ifjek.k vFkok vfuf'pr la[;k cks/kd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k curs gSaA tSls &

loZukeloZukeloZukeloZukeloZuke lkoZukfed ifjek.klkoZukfed ifjek.klkoZukfed ifjek.klkoZukfed ifjek.klkoZukfed ifjek.k lkoZukfed la[;klkoZukfed la[;klkoZukfed la[;klkoZukfed la[;klkoZukfed la[;k

cks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k cks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.kcks/kd fo'ks"k.k

ftlftlftlftlftl ftrukS dke ftrus yksx

fdlfdlfdlfdlfdl fdrukS ikuh fdrus <ksj

mlmlmlmlml mrukS rsy mrus yjdk

frlfrlfrlfrlfrl frrukS uqdlku frrus Qy

blblblblbl brukS lq[k brus flikgh

c-c-c-c-c- ftl] fdl] frl] ml vkSj blds ^b^ dks ^,s vkSj ^m^ dks ^oS djds vUR;^l^ dks ^lkS dj nsus ls izdkjokpd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k cu tkrs gSa] tSls &

bl ,slkS ] ml oSlks ] frl rSlkSfdl dSlks ] ftl tSlks

l-l-l-l-l- eSa ^fut^ vkSj ^ijk;k^ Hkh vkrs gSa] D;ksafd ;s fo'ks"k.k jhfr ij vkrs gSaA^fut^ dk vFkZ ^viuk^ vkSj ^ijk;k^ dk vFkZ nwljs dk] tSls & fut /keZ] fut /ku]ijk;k ?kj] fut dke] ijk;k dke] ijk;k nq[kA

n-n-n-n-n- ^Å^ rFkk ^ck^ dk iz;ksx ,d lkFk gksus ij os vfu'p;okpd gks tkrs gSa]tSls & Å vkneh ds vk; lsa] ck yqxkbZ yj ijh rhA

;-;-;-;-;- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk muds fuR; laca/kh 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx

gksrk gS] tSls & tSlks nsl&oSlks csl ¼Hksl½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 125

j-j-j-j-j- dNw ifjek.kokpd 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkh lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa izk;%

Hkkookpd laKkvksa ds lkFk gh gksrk gS& dNw ckr rks gqb;s] dNw tru rks dfj;k]

dNw dke rks djksA

y-y-y-y-y- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh fØ;k fo'ks"k.kksa dh rjg

Hkh gksrk gS] tSls & ge fdruksab djSa] dNw usa gqb;s] ftRrks djks mrubZ de ijrA

l-l-l-l-l- dk^ lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx Hkkookpd laKkvksa ds lkFk gh gksrk gSA

iz'u& ^dk^ dke gS \] dk dS j; \ dk va/ksj gks xvks \

bl rjg mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V gksrk gS fd dk^ lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa dk

iz;ksx vk'p;Z O;Dr djus rFkk iz'u djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa

d- d- d- d- d- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk tc fo'ks"; ugha gksrk] rc mudk

iz;ksx izk;% laKkvksa ds leku gksrk gS] tSls& tSlh djuh & cSlh Hkjuh] tSls dks rSlks

feyksA

[k-[k-[k-[k-[k- lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx rc fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa gksrk gS]

tc os fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSa] tSls& brukS cM+kS [ksr] dSlks ehBks Qy]

dSlh vPNh ?kM+hA

x-x-x-x-x- dHkh &dHkh fdlh ,d ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dk yksi gksrk gS] tSls&

ftrukS nku vkius no mrukS dksm ubZ ns ldr] tSls csbTtrh rqeus djh cSlh dksm

usa dj iSgsA

?k-?k-?k-?k-?k- dHkh&dHkh nks lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa dk f}#fDr ls mRrjksRrj ?kVrh c<+rh

dk cksèk gksrk gS] tSls& ftrukS Kku c<+r tkr] mrukS eku c<+rA ftruh fc|k vkb]

mrukS Kku c<+kSA ftRrks pn~nj gks;s mRrs ik¡o ilkjksA

dqN la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx loZukeksa dh Hkk¡fr gksrk gS] tSls & ,d

nwljs esa izse gks;A

fo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrjfo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrjfo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrjfo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrjfo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrj & fo'ks"k.kksa ds fyax] opu fo'ks"; ds fyax opu ds

vuqlkj gksrs gSa] tSls& cM+kS cSy dks] cM+s cSyksa dkS] cM+h xS;k dkS] Hkys lSa] n;kcrh lSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 126

1- cqUnsyh esa dsoy ^vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k^ 'kCnksa esa fodkj gksrk gS] tSls & HkykSvkneh] Hkys vknfe;ksa usA

v- v- v- v- v- vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k 'kCn iqfYyax ,dopu foHkfDrjfgr fo'ks"; ds lkFkfo'ks"k.k ds vUR; ^vkS^ dks ^,^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& cM+kS dqVe] Hkyks eksM+k] dkjkS ?kksM+k]dkjs ?kksM+k dkSA

c-c-c-c-c- dHkh&dHkh foHkfDr yqIr jgus ij Hkh mldk laLdkj jgrk gS vkSj ,slhn'kk esa fo'ks"; ds foHkfDrjfgr ,dopu ds lkFk Hkh vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k ds vUR; vkSdks ^,^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& cM+s ?kj tkus gSA Hkys ?kj ds yksxksa lk O;ogkj djksA

l-l-l-l-l- vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k 'kCn iqfYyax cgqopu fo'ks"; ds lkFk ,dkjkUr gks tkrkgS] tSls & Hkys yksxksa dh laxr djckS vPNks gSA cM+s isM+ksa dh Nk;k ?kuh gSA

n-n-n-n-n- vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k L=hfyax fo'ks"; ds lkFk nksuksa opuksa esa bZdkjkUr gkstkrs gSa] tSls& cM+h xS;k us] cM+h xS;k usA

2- vdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ds fyax] opu ds dkj.k dksbZ fodkl ugha gksrk]tSls& nqjyHk dke] nqjyHk ?kM+h] papy eksM+k] papy eksM+hA

3- ewy lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds :i loZuke 'kCnksa ds vuqlkj fodkjh gksrs gSaAdsoy foHkfDr;ksa dk yksi jgrk gS] tSls& cks vkneh] Å vkneh us] mu vknfe;ksa usA

4- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k cqUnsyh esa vkSdkjkUr gksrs gSa] tSls & ,slh] tSlkS]brukS] mrukS vkfnA buesa vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd dsvuqlkj xq.kokpd vkSdkjkUr fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku fodkj gksrs gSa] tSls& ,slkS ekSM+k] ,slseksM+k us] ,sls ekSM+k dkSa] ,slh eksM+h dkSa] bruks dke] brus dke] bruh ckrsaA

5- ftu fo'ks"k.kksa ds var esa &^oku^ ;k ^Hkku^ gksrk gS] muds iqfYyax nksuksaopuksa esa ^cku^ ;k ^eku^ vkSj L=hfyax nksuksa opuksa esa ^orh^ ;k ^erh^ gksrk gS] tSls& /kucku vkneh us] /kueku vkneh dkSa] /kucku vknfe;ksa us] cqf)ofr ukjh dkS]cqf)erh ukfj;ksa dkSaA

6- bZdkjkUr iqfYyax fo'ks"k.k ds vUR; ^bZ dks L=hfyax esa izk;% ^vu^ dj nsrsgSa] tSls ikih uj] ikiu ukjh] cSjkxh uj] cSjkxu ukjhA

7- vkSdkjkUr vkSj dqN bZdkjkUr fo'ks"k.kksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esaukjh] xq.kh ¼xquh½ uj] xquhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 127

8- tc fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx laKk 'kCnksa ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS] rc blds :iksa

esa laKk 'kCnksa ds leku gh fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds dkj.k fodkj gksrs gSaA tSls&

cwM+kS tkr gS] cwM+s tkr gSa] cwM+s us dbZ] cw<+ks us dbZ] cw<+kS dh vkX;k¡ ikykS] cM+s dh

vkX;k¡ ikykSA

9- la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ds Øe okpd] vko`fÙkokpd vkSj vkSdkjkUr

ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikUrj gksrk gSA tSls& igykS ?kj] igyh dgkuh] nwljkS

fnu] nwuks nke] rhljs vkneh lSaA

10- viw.kkZad fo'ks"k.kksa esa dsoy vk/kkS vkSj ikSukSa 'kCn fodkjh gksrk gS] tSls&

vk/kkS fgLlk] vk/ks xk¡o esa] ikSuksa [ksr] ikSuh dher] ikSukS HkkcA

fo'ks"k.kks a dh rkjrE;e;h rqyukfo'ks"k.kks a dh rkjrE;e;h rqyukfo'ks"k.kks a dh rkjrE;e;h rqyukfo'ks"k.kks a dh rkjrE;e;h rqyukfo'ks"k.kks a dh rkjrE;e;h rqyuk

nks ;k nks ls vf/kd izkf.k;ksa ;k inkFkksZa ds xq.kksa ds feyku dks rkjrE;e;h

rqyuk dgrs gSaA bl izdkj dh rqyuk dh n`f"V ls fo'ks"k.k dh rhu voLFkk,¡ gSa &

ewykoLFkk] mRrjkoLFkk vkSj mRrekoLFkkA

ewykoLFkk ewykoLFkk ewykoLFkk ewykoLFkk ewykoLFkk & fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ds ftl :i ls mlds fo'ks"; laKk ;k loZuke

,d ds okP; izk.kh ;k inkFkZ dh vU; izk.kh ;k inkFkZ ls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh rqyuk

dk cks/k u gks] mls ewykoLFkk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.k & cSyxkM+h tk jbZ gSA

fo'ks"k & ;gk¡ Lej.k jgs fd lerk ewyd rqyuk esa fo'ks"k.k dh ewykoLFkk gh

jgrh gSA ;|fi mlesa lks] leku vkSj^ ds cjkcj vkfn okpd gksrs gSaA tSls& eksgu

Hkhe lks cyh gSA eksgu Hkhe ds leku cyh gSA eksgu Hkhe ds cjkcj cyh gSSA

mRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkk & fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ds ftl :i ls nks izkf.k;ksa ;k inkFkksZa esa ls

fdlh ,d ds xq.k vFkok nks"k dh vf/kdrk ;k U;wurk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls

mRrjkoLFkk dgrs gSaA tSls & xaxk ls uhy unh cM+h gSA

mRrekoLFkk mRrekoLFkk mRrekoLFkk mRrekoLFkk mRrekoLFkk & BsB cqUnsyh ds fo'ks"k.kksa esa dqN fodkj ugha gksrkA mUgsa

igpkuus dk fu;e ;g gS fd ftu nks ;k nks ls vf/kd izkf.k;ksa ;k inkFkkZsa esa fdlh

,d dh U;wurk ;k vf/kdrk fn[kkus gsrq tks rqyuk dh tkrh gS] muesa ftuls rqyuk

djrs gSa] mUgsa viknku dh ^lSa ,oa vf/kdj.k dh ^eSa foHkfDr ls ;qDr j[krs gSaA

dHkh&dHkh fo'ks"k.k ds iwoZ vf/kd ;k de yxk nsrs gSaA tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 128

ewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkk mRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkk mRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkk

cyjkt lkglh gS cyjkt] jkts'k ls cyjkt lc yjdu lSalkglh gSA lkglh gSA

cyjkt lc yjdu esa cM+ksalkglh gSA

dHkh&dHkh mRrerk crkus esa fo'ks"k.k ds ifgys lc lSa ;k lc eSa yxkrs gSaAfo'ks"k.k ds igys cM+kSa] HkkSr vkSj Fkksjksa ;k de yxkrs gSa &

ewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkk mRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkk mRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkjkts'k prqj gSA jkts'k lcesa prqj gSA jkts'k lcesa prqj gSA

jkts'k lclSa de prqj gSAjkts'k lclSa cM+kS prqj gSA

mRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkk & mRrerk lwfpr djus ds fy, dHkh&dHkh fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dksnqgjk nsrs gSa] ij dHkh&dHkh nqgjk;s gq, fo'ks"k.k ds igys eSa] lSa tksM+rs gSaA tSls& brsvPNs lSa] vPNs vkneh vkÅr gSaA lcls T;knk ikuh ,sbZ dq¡vk esa gSA

viknku dh ^lSa* vFkok vf/kdj.k dh ^esa* foHkfDr ds fpà ls eqDr j[krs gSaAdHkh&dHkh vf/kd vkSj de Hkh tksM+rs gSaA tSls &

ewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkkewykoLFkk mRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkkmRrjkoLFkk mRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkkmRrekoLFkklhrk yEch gSA lhrk] jk/kk ls yEch gSA lhrk vkSj jk/kk esa lhrk yEch gSA

lhrk jk/kk ls vf/kd yEch gSAlhrk vkSj jk/kk esa lhrk vf/kdyEch gSA

eksgu lqUnj gSA eksgu] lksgu lsa lqUnj gSA eksgu vkSj lksgu esa eksgu lqUnj gSAeksgu] lksgu ls vf/kd lqUnj gSAeksgu vkSj lksgu esa eksgu vf/kdlqUnj gSA

dHkh&dHkh vf/kd ;k de ds lkFk dNw tksM+k tkrk gSA tSls& eksgu lqUnj

gSA eksgu] lksgu lsa dNw vf/kd lqUnj gSA eksgu] lksgu ls dNw de lqUnj gSA

1- dHkh&dHkh mRrjkoLFkk esa c<+dSa vFkok ?kVdsa iwoZdkfyd fØ;k dk iz;ksx

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 129

fd;k tkrk gSa] tSls& fnus'k egs'k lsa c<+dSa i<+cSa esa rst gSA fnus'k egs'k lsa ?kVdSa

i<+cSa esa rst gSA

dHkh&dHkh mRrjkoLFkk esa fo'ks"k.k ds iwoZ dgw¡^ fØ;k fo'ks"k.k yxkrs gSa] tSls&

eksgu dks ?kksM+k nkSjcsa esa dgw¡ rst gSA gafl;k lsa pkdw dgw¡ iSauks gSA

2- fo'ks"k.k 'kCn ds ftl :i ls nks ls vf/kd izkf.k;ksa ;k inkFkkZsa esa fdlh ,d

ds xq.k ;k nks"k dh tc U;wurk ;k vf/kdrk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls fo'ks"k.k dh

mRrjkoLFkk dgrs gSaA tSls& vusd izkf.k;ksa ;k inkFkksZa ds fdlh izdkj dh U;wurk

vFkok vf/kdrk ,d lkFk fn[kkus gsrq la[;kokph fo'ks"k.k ,d dh fo#fDr djrs gSa]

ftuesa igys ,desa lSa foHkfDr tksM+rs gSaA tSls& ,d lSa ,d yjcS ckjsA ,d lSa ,d

iblk ckjsA ,d lSa ,d laqnjA

dkydkydkydkydky

fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dk le; vkSj mldh iw.kZ voLFkk

dk cksèk gks] mlds dky dgrs gSaA ;|fi dky vuUr vkSj v[k.M gS] ij fØ;k ds

O;kikj ds gksus ds vuqlkj dky ds eq[; rhu izdkj ekus tkrs gSa & Hkwrdky] orZeku

dky vkSj Hkfo"; dkyA

HkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dh lekfIr O;rhr gq,

le; esa tkuh tkrh gS] mls Hkwrdky dh fØ;k dgrs gSa] tSls& os lc tus brS

vk;srsA deyk us dbZrhA ';ke xvks rksA

orZekudkyorZekudkyorZekudkyorZekudkyorZekudky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dk orZeku le; esa

gksuk ik;k tk;s] mls orZekudky dgrs gSa ;k orZekudky dh fØ;k dgrs gSaA tSls&

?kksM+k nkSjr gSA jkew [kkuk [kkr gSA

orZeku dky tgk¡ ,d vksj Hkwrdky ls e;kZfnr gksrk gS] ogh nwljh vksj

Hkfo";rdky ls Hkh e;kZfnr gksrk gS] blds Hkwrdky ds var vkSj Hkfo";rdky ds

vkjaHk ds e/; dk dksbZ Hkh le; orZeku dky dgykrk gSA

Hkfo";rdkyHkfo";rdkyHkfo";rdkyHkfo";rdkyHkfo";rdky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dk vkxs vkus okysle; esa gksuk crk;k tk;s] mls Hkfo";rdky dgrs gSa] tSls & os lc tSgSaA esa 'kgjdksa tSgksaA Mkfd;k brS vkgSA esa [kkuk [kk ySgksaA rqe dky vk tbZ;ks] cks ikl gkstSgSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 130

lkekU; voLFkkcks/kd dkylkekU; voLFkkcks/kd dkylkekU; voLFkkcks/kd dkylkekU; voLFkkcks/kd dkylkekU; voLFkkcks/kd dky

fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls dsoy O;kikj dk le; tkuk tk;s] ij mldh iw.kZvFkok viw.kZ voLFkk dk cks/k u gks] mls dky dh lkekU; voLFkk dgrs gSaA ;g Hkwr]orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; rhuksa dkyksa esa gksrh gSA

lkekU; HkwrdkylkekU; HkwrdkylkekU; HkwrdkylkekU; HkwrdkylkekU; Hkwrdky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dh lekfIrHkwrdky esa tkuh tk;s] ijUrq mldh iw.kZ vFkok viw.kZ voLFkk dk cks/k u gks] mlslkekU; Hkwrdky dk :i dgrs gSaA tSls& ukVd [kre Hkvks] ijnk fxjkSA jktk vk;s]?kksM+k xkM+h pyhA ea=h vk;s] dk;ZØe 'kq# HkvksA

lkekU; orZekudkylkekU; orZekudkylkekU; orZekudkylkekU; orZekudkylkekU; orZekudky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dk orZekule; esa gksuk ik;k tk;s] ijUrq mldh iw.kZrk vFkok viw.kZrk dk cks/k u gks] mlslkekU; orZeku&dky dgrs gSaA tSls& lhrk [kkuk cukr gSA iaMr th iwtk djrgSaA rqe dke djr gksA eksM+h iM+r gSA

lkekU; Hkfo";rdkylkekU; Hkfo";rdkylkekU; Hkfo";rdkylkekU; Hkfo";rdkylkekU; Hkfo";rdky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dk vkjaHkvkxs okys le; esa gksuk ik;k tk;s] iw.kZrk vFkok viw.kZrk vFkok laHkkouk u tkuhtk;s] mls lkekU; Hkfo";rdky dgrs gSaA tSls& os lc vkgSaA ge iwtk dj gSA rqe[kkuk [kkgksA rqe vks[kksa ekj gksA

iw.kZ voLFkk&cks/kd dky iw.kZ voLFkk&cks/kd dky iw.kZ voLFkk&cks/kd dky iw.kZ voLFkk&cks/kd dky iw.kZ voLFkk&cks/kd dky

fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dh iw.kZrk dk cks/k gks] mls dkydh iw.kZ voLFkk dgrs gSaA ;g Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo";rdky rhuksa esa gksrh gSA

iw.kZ Hkwrdky iw.kZ Hkwrdky iw.kZ Hkwrdky iw.kZ Hkwrdky iw.kZ Hkwrdky & blls tkuk tkrk gS fd fØ;k ds O;kikj dks Hkwrdky esa iw.kZgq, le; chr x;k gSA tSls& eSaus i<+kS rksA rqe mrSa x;s rsA rqeus vkslsa iw¡NhrhAgeus rks [kkuk [kko rksA

iw.kZ orZekudkyiw.kZ orZekudkyiw.kZ orZekudkyiw.kZ orZekudkyiw.kZ orZekudky & dky ds bl :i ls tkuk tkrk gS fd fØ;k dk O;kikjfudV Hkfo"; esa iw.kZ gks tk;sxkA tSls& eSaus [kkuk cuko gSA iIiw us fdrkc i<+h gSA ?kksM+kHkkSr nkSjksa gSA

iw.kZ Hkfo";rdkyiw.kZ Hkfo";rdkyiw.kZ Hkfo";rdkyiw.kZ Hkfo";rdkyiw.kZ Hkfo";rdky& dky ds bl :i ls tkuk tkrk gS fd fØ;k dk O;kikjvHkh&vHkh iw.kZ gqvk gSA tSls& eSa i<+ pqd gksaA rqe tk pqd gksA [kkuk cu pqd gSA?kksM+k Hkx pqd gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 131

viw.kZ voLFkk cks/kd dkyviw.kZ voLFkk cks/kd dkyviw.kZ voLFkk cks/kd dkyviw.kZ voLFkk cks/kd dkyviw.kZ voLFkk cks/kd dky

fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls mlds O;kikj dh viw.kZrk dk cks/k gks] mls dkydh viw.kZ voLFkk dgrs gSaA ;g Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo";r rhuksa dkyksa esa gksrh gSA

viw.kZ Hkwrdkyviw.kZ Hkwrdkyviw.kZ Hkwrdkyviw.kZ Hkwrdkyviw.kZ Hkwrdky & blls tkuk tkrk gS fd fØ;k dk O;kikj cgqr le; iwoZHkwrdky esa tkjh jgk] ij ml le; iw.kZ ugha gqvkA tSls & ckS [kkr rkSA rsa tkr rkSA lhrk[kkuk cukr rhA

ftl viw.kZ Hkwr dk gksrk jguk mlh {k.k tku iM+s] mls rkRdkfyd Hkwr^ dgrsgSaA tSls& rqe i<+ j;s rsA ?kksM+k nkSM+ j;s rsA lhrk [kkuk cuk j;h rhA

viw.kZ orZeku dkyviw.kZ orZeku dkyviw.kZ orZeku dkyviw.kZ orZeku dkyviw.kZ orZeku dky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls O;kikj dk orZekudky esagksrk jguk lwfpr gks] mls viw.kZ orZekudky dk :i dgrs gSaA tSls & ?kksM+k nkSjjvkSa gSA ';kew dke dj jvkS gSA lhrk [kkuk [kk jb gSA jke vke rksM+ jvkS gSA iaMrth iwtk dj j;s gSaA

viw.kZ Hkfo";rdky viw.kZ Hkfo";rdky viw.kZ Hkfo";rdky viw.kZ Hkfo";rdky viw.kZ Hkfo";rdky & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls ;g tkuk tk;s fd mldkO;kikj fudV Hkfo"; esa iw.kZ u gksdj vutkus le; rd gksxk] og viw.kZHkfo";rdky dk :i dgykrk gSA tSls & deyk i<+r jSgsA rqe dke djr jSgksAgfj;k [ksrh djr jSgsA

cqUnsyh dh dkyjpuk fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡cqUnsyh dh dkyjpuk fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡cqUnsyh dh dkyjpuk fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡cqUnsyh dh dkyjpuk fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡cqUnsyh dh dkyjpuk fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡

1- cqUnsyh dh lkekU; fØ;k,¡ czt] fuekM+h dh rjg vkSdkjkUr gksrh gSa]ftudh /kkrqvksa esa fofHkUu izR;;ksa ds ;ksx ls fofHkUu dkyhu fØ;k:i mRiUu gksrsgSaA

2- lkekU; Hkwrdky dk /kkrq esa yxus okyk ewy izR;; ^vk^ gS] ftldsfoMUrh; :i fyax&opu] iq#"k ds foHksn ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrs gSaA

3- cqUnsyh dk lkekU; Hkwrdkyhu fØ;k dk fyax] opu] iq#"k fo"k;d :ikUrjlkekU; fgUnh ds leku gh gSA

4- fgUnh dh lkekU; orZekudkyhu fØ;k /kkrq ds vkxs ^rk^ izR;; ds :iyxus ds vfrfjDr ^gksuk^ fØ;k ds :i Hkh yxrs gSa] cqUnsyh esa gksuk fØ;k ds :iksadk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 132

5- ,dk{kjh /kkrq esa ^mr^ vkSj ^r^ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;g cqUnsyh dhlaf{kIrhdj.k dh izo`fRr dk |ksrd gSA

6- lkekU; Hkfo";r~ ^x^ dk cqUnsyh esa dksbZ LFkku ugha gS] bldk LFkku ^gksaizR;; ds :iksa us ¼dqN txgksa ij vksa½ xzg.k dj fy;k gSA

7- lkekU; Hkfo";rdkyhu :i & [kSgksa] ySgksa] ,gkSa vkfn rFkk [kbZ gksa] ybZgkSa]nbZgkSa] vbZgkSa vkfnA

vFkZvFk ZvFk ZvFk ZvFk Z

fØ;k ds ml :ikUrj dks vFkZ dgrs gSa] ftlls djus dh jhfr ekuh tkrh gSAtSls& jkew g¡lr gS ¼fu'p;½] pk; jkew [kk; ¼laHkkouk½] tks [kkr rks vks[kksa yxrkS¼laHkkouk½] cqUnsyh esa fØ;kvksa ds vFkZ ik¡p gksrs gSa& fu'p;kFkZ] lEHkkoukFkZ] vkKkFkZ]ladsrkFkZ vkSj lansgkFkZA

fu'p;kFkZ fu'p;kFkZ fu'p;kFkZ fu'p;kFkZ fu'p;kFkZ & fØ;k ds ml :ikUrj dks fu'p;kFkZ dgrs gSa] ftlls fdlhfoèkku dk fu'p; tkuk tk;sA tSls & lhrk uSa vcs ubZ lijksA Åus vcs jksVh uba[kkbA

Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; rhuksa dkyksa dh lkekU;] iw.kZ vkSj viw.kZ rhuksavoLFkk,¡ fu'p;kFkZ esa vkrh gSaA blls bu voLFkkvksa ds dky ds iwoZ fyf[krmnkgj.k fu'p;kFkZ ds mnkgj.k gSaA

laHkkoukFklaHkkoukFklaHkkoukFklaHkkoukFklaHkkoukFkZ & fØ;k ds ml :ikUrj dks laHkkoukFkZ dgrs gSa] ftlls dYiuk]vfHkyk"kk vFkok dÙkZO; dk Kku gks ldsA tSls & eksgu tkr gks;] lksgu xo gks;]jkew tSgsA

laHkkoukFkZ ds vuqlkj Hkwr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; rhuksa dkyksa ds :i ds ,d :igSa] tks& laHkkO; Hkwr] laHkkO; orZeku vkSj laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dgykrs gSaA

laHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; Hkwr & fØ;k ds ftl :i ls Hkwrdky esa ?kfVr izR;sd O;kikj dhlaHkkouk Kkr gks lds] mls laHkkO; Hkwr dgrs gSaA tSls& jkew us eksVj pykb gks;Acjsnh us xm,¡ gk¡dh gks;¡A cqUnsyh esa bl :i esa ysuk lgk;d fØ;k dk la;ksx Hkhgksrk gSA tSls & cjsnh us xb;k yxk ybZ gqb;sA dqEgkj us ?kSyk cuk y; gqb;sA

c- laHkkO; orZekuc- laHkkO; orZekuc- laHkkO; orZekuc- laHkkO; orZekuc- laHkkO; orZeku & fØ;k ds ftl :i ls orZeku dky esa mlds O;kikjdh laHkkouk Kkr gks] mls laHkkO; orZekudky dgrs gSaA tSls& cjsnh xb;k yxk jo

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 133

gks;] dqEgkj ?ksyk cuk jo gks;A

l- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ l- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ l- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ l- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ l- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ & fØ;k ds ftl :i ls Hkfo"; dky esa ?kfVr gksusokys O;kikj dh laHkkouk Kkr gks] mls laHkkO; Hkfo";;dky dgrs gSaA tSls& cjsnhxb;k yxs gS] dqEgkj ?ksyk cus gSA

lansgkFklansgkFklansgkFklansgkFklansgkFkZ & fØ;k ds ftl :i ls fØ;k ds O;kikj esa lansg ;k la'k; tkuktk;s] mls lansgkFkZ dgrs gSaA lansgkFkZ esa Hkwr vkSj orZeku dky dh fØ;k ds nks :igksrs gSa& lafnXèk Hkwr] vkSj lafnX/k orZekuA

v- lafnX/k Hkwrdky v- lafnX/k Hkwrdky v- lafnX/k Hkwrdky v- lafnX/k Hkwrdky v- lafnX/k Hkwrdky & Hkwrdkfyd fØ;k ds ml :i dks lafnX/k Hkwrdkydh fØ;k dgrs gSa] ftlesa mlds O;kikj ds Hkwrdky esa ?kfVr gksus esa lansg ekuktk;sA tSls & dqekj us ?kSyk cuk; gksa;] cjsnh us xb;k yxkb gks;A

c- lafnX/k orZekudkyc- lafnX/k orZekudkyc- lafnX/k orZekudkyc- lafnX/k orZekudkyc- lafnX/k orZekudky & orZekudkfyd fØ;k ds ml :i dks lafnX/korZekudky dh fØ;k dgrs gSa ftlls mlds O;kikj ds orZekudky esa gksus esa lansgekuk tk;s] tSls& eksgu [kkr gks;] yqgkj dqyfj;k cukmr gks;A

ladsrkFkZladsrkFkZladsrkFkZladsrkFkZladsrkFkZ & fØ;k ds ml :ikUrj dks ladsrkFkZ dgrs gSa] ftlls ,slh nks?kVukvksa ;k O;kikjksa dh vflf) tkuh tk;s vkSj ftuesa dk;Z vkSj dkj.k dk lacaèkgks] tSls& ctkjsa tkrs rks lkx Y;krsA

ladsrkFkZ ds vuqlkj Hkwrdky dh fØ;k dk ,d :i curk gS] ftls gsrqen~dky^dgrs gSaA gsrqen~dky dh rhu voLFkk,¡ gksrh gSa] ftUgsa& lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr] iw.kZgsrqgsrqen~Hkwr vkSj viw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr dgrs gSaA

v- lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr v- lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr v- lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr v- lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr v- lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr & Hkwrdkfyd fØ;k ds ftl :i ls lkekU;ladsrkFkZ Kkr gks] ij ml ij ladsrkFkZ dh iw.kZ vFkok viw.kZ voLFkk dk cks/k u gkslds] mls lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrdky dgrs gSaA tSls& xb;k [kjh [kkrh rkS] [kwc nèknsrhA

c- iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrc- iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrc- iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrc- iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrc- iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr & Hkwrdkfyd fØ;k ds ftl :i ls ladsrkFkZ dh iw.kZvoLFkk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls iw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdky dgrs gSaA tSls& [kjh [kkrh]i<+ks gksrksA

l- viw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdkyl- viw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdkyl- viw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdkyl- viw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdkyl- viw.kZ gsrq gsrq en~Hkwrdky & Hkwrdkfyd fØ;k ds ftl :i ls

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 134

ladsrkFkZ dh voLFkk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls viw.kZ gsrqgsrqenHkwrdky dgrs gSa] tSls&lhrk pyr gksrh] eksgu i<+r gksrksA

vkKkFkvkKkFkvkKkFkvkKkFkvkKkFkZ & fØ;k ds ml :ikUrj dks vkKkFkZ dgrs gSa] ftlls vkns'k] mins'kizkFkZuk vFkok fu"ks/k dk cks/k gksrk gS] tSls& rsa mUuk /kks] rsa ikuh HkjA rsa <ksj <hyns] rsa gkjs pys tkA

vkKkFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;k dk tks :i curk gS] mls fof/k fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;gnks izdkj dh gksrh gS& ijks{k fof/k vkSj izR;{k fof/kA

ijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/k & fØ;k ds ml vkKkFkZd :i dks ijks{k fof/k dgrs gSa] ftldkO;kikj ijks{k :i esa gksus okyk gksA tSls & rqe Ldwysa tb;kS] rqe i<+cs tb;kSA rqe[ksr esa [kj irokj lkQ dj yb;ksA

izR;{k fof/kizR;{k fof/kizR;{k fof/kizR;{k fof/kizR;{k fof/k & fØ;k ds ml vkKkFkZd :i dks izR;{k fof/k dgrs gSa] ftldkO;kikj izR;{k :i ls gksus okyk gks] tSls & rqe nw/k fi;ks] rqe jksVh [kkoA rqe iM+uscSBks vkSj crkvks fd dk dk iM+ yvksA

buds vfrfjDr fØ;k dk ,d :i vkSj gS] ftls iwoZdkfyd fØ;k dgrs gSaAtc dksbZ drkZ ,d fØ;k lekIr djds nwljh fØ;k fdlh dky esa djrk gS] rclekIr dh gqbZ igyh fØ;k lekIr iwoZdkfyd fØ;k dgh tkrh gSA iwoZdkfyd fØ;kds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k vkfn dk cks/k ugha gksrk vkSj mldk Qy nwljh lekfidkfØ;k ls tkuk tkrk gS] tSls& eksgu nw/k ySdsa xo gSA lhrk ikuh Hkjdsa Y;kb gSA

dkykuqlkj fØ;k:iksa dh cukoVdkykuqlkj fØ;k:iksa dh cukoVdkykuqlkj fØ;k:iksa dh cukoVdkykuqlkj fØ;k:iksa dh cukoVdkykuqlkj fØ;k:iksa dh cukoV

lkekU; /kkrq dh fØ;kvksa ls vU; laiw.kZ fØ;kvksa ds :i curs gSaA bu rhuksads :iksa dh cukoV fuEukuqlkj gS &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq & fØ;k ds lk/kkj.k :i ds vUR; ^ck^ dk yksi djus ls tks cp tkrkgS] og fØ;k dh /kkrq gSA

fgUnhfgUnhfgUnhfgUnhfgUnh cqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyhcqUnsyh /kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrqfy[kuk fy[kckS ls fy[k[ksyuk [ksyckS ls [ksyg¡luk g¡lckS ls g¡l

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 135

djuk djckS ls dj

lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr & fØ;k dh /kkrq ds var esa iqfYyax ,dopu ^rkS vkSjcgqopu esa ^rs L=hfyax ,dopu esa ^rh^ tksM+us ls lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr dky dhfØ;k ds :i curs gSa] tSls & xksiky fy[krkS] ge fy[krs] rw fy[krh] rqe fy[krhaA

fØ;k dh /kkrq ds var esa ;fn v^ gks] rks lkekU; Hkwrdky esa iqfYyax ,dopuesa ^vks vkSj cgqopu esa ^;s rFkk L=hfyax ,dopu esa ^bZ rFkk L=hfyax cgqopu esa^bZ dj nsrs gSaA tSls& jksuk ls jksvks&jks;s&jksbZ&jksbZaA

fØ;k dh /kkrq ds var esa ;fn vks gks rks lkekU; Hkwrdky esa iqfYyax ,d opuesa ^vks rFkk cgqopu esa ^;s tksM+rs gSa] vFkok ^nvks ;k ^n;s fØ;k dk la;ksx djnsrs gSa vkSj L=hfyax ,dopu esa bZ^ rFkk bZ^ tksM+rs gSaA tSls& jksvks] jks;s] jksvks] jksos¼jksn;s] jksn;ks½] jksbZ] jksabZ] jksbZ] jksabZ ¼jksnbZ] jksnbZa] jksnbZ] jksnbZa½A

fØ;k dh /kkrq ds var esa ;fn ^bZ^ gks rks lkekU; Hkwrdky esa ^bZ^ ds LFkku esaiqfYyax ,dopu b;kS rFkk b;s rFkk L=hfyax ,dopu esa bZ vkSj bZ dj nsrs gSaAtSls & flavks] fla;s] lhbZ] lhabZA

bZdkjkUr /kkrq esa lkekU; Hkwrdky esa ^nsuk^ ds nvks] n;s] nbZ] nbZa rFkk ^ysuk^ds yb;ks] y;s] ybZ] ybZa vkfn :i gks tkrs gSaA tSls & ihyvks] ihy;s] ihybZ] ihybZa]lhanvks] lhan;s] lhanbZ] lhanbZaA

fØ;k dh /kkrq ds var esa ^,^ gks rks lkekU; Hkwrdky mls ^v^ dj iqfYyax,dopu esa ^vks rFkk cgqopu esa ^;s vkSj L=hfyax ,dopu esa ^bZ rFkk cgqopu esa^bZ dj nsrs gSaA tSls& nsuk] ysuk dks ns] ys esa nvks] n;s] yvks] y;sA bu :iksa ds lkFkdHkh&dHkh /kkrq ds ewy:i dks izkjaHk esa j[k nsrs gSaA tSls& nS noks] nSn;s] nSnvks]nSn;s] ySyoks] ySy;s] ySyvks] ySy;sA tkuk ls xvks] x;s] xbZ] xbZaA djuk ls djkS]djs] djh] djha vkfn iz;ksx Hkh feyrs gSa] tks fu;e ds viokn gSaA

/kkrq ls cuus okyh fØ;kvksa ds :i/kkrq ls cuus okyh fØ;kvksa ds :i/kkrq ls cuus okyh fØ;kvksa ds :i/kkrq ls cuus okyh fØ;kvksa ds :i/kkrq ls cuus okyh fØ;kvksa ds :i

/kkrq ls &1- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ 2- lkekU; Hkfo";r~3- izR;{k fof/k 4- ijks{k fof/k5- iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ vkSj 6- viw.kZ orZeku dky dh fØ;k curh gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 136

laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ & fØ;k dh vdkjkUr /kkrqvksa esa fuEufyf[kr izR;; ds

yxkus ls nksuksa fyaxksa ds laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dh fØ;k ds :i curs gSaA tSls &

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k vkS ,s

e/;e iq#"k ,s vkS

vU; iq#"k ,s ,a

tSls & fy[kkSa&fy[kS] fy[kS&fy[kkS] fy[kS&fy[ksa

nsuk vkSj ysuk fØ;k dh /kkrq ds vUR; ^,^ dk ^v^ dj fuEufyf[kr izR;;

yxkrs gSa&

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k Å¡ ;sa

e/;e iq#"k ; vks

vU; iq#"k ; ;sa

tSls & nÅ¡] n,¡] nks] n;] n;¡A yÅ¡] y,¡] yks] y;] y;¡A

;fn fØ;k dh /kkrq vdkjkUr u gks] rks fuEufyf[kr izR;; yxkrs gSa&

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k Åa cSa

e/;e iq#"k cS vk

vU; iq#"k cS cSa

tSls & [kkÅa] [kkcS] [kkcS] [kkvks] [kkcSa] [kkcSaA

lkekU; Hkfo";r~lkekU; Hkfo";r~lkekU; Hkfo";r~lkekU; Hkfo";r~lkekU; Hkfo";r~ & bldh fØ;k cukus esa /kkrq ds vkxs fuEufyf[kr izR;;

yxkrs gSa &

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k gkSa gSa

e/;e iq#"k gS gkS

vU; iq#"k gS gSa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 137

tSls & fy[k gkSa] fy[k gSaA fy[k gS] fy[k gkSA fy[k gS] fy[k gSaA

^vkokS^ dks NksM+dj 'ks"k vdkjkUr /kkrqvksa esa mDr izR;; yxkus ls iwoZ vk^ dsLFkku ij ^,^ dj nsrs gSaA

tSls & ^[kk^ & [kSgksa] [kSgSa] [kSgSa] ][kSgSaA

^yk^ & ySgksa] ySgSa] ySgS] ySgSaA

izR;{k fof/k izR;{k fof/k izR;{k fof/k izR;{k fof/k izR;{k fof/k & blds :i laHkkO; Hkfo";rdky ds :iksa ds leku gh gksrs gSaA

izR;{k fof/k esa dsoy e/;e iq#"k ,dopu esa /kkrq gh dk ewy :i jgrk gSA

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k djkS djS

e/;e iq#"k dj djkS

vU; iq#"k djS djSa

ijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/kijks{k fof/k & bldk iz;ksx dsoy e/;e iq#"k esa nksuksa opuksa esa gksrk gSA

e/;e iq#"k ;s vkS

tSls & rsa] dfj;s] rqe dfj;kSA rsa tS;s] rqe tS;kSA

nsuk nS;s nSvkS

dguk dS;s dSvkS

/kjuk /kfj;s /kfj;kS

Hkjuk Hkfj;s Hkfj;kS

pyuk pfy;s pfy;kS

djuk dfj;s dfj;kS

jguk jfg;s jfg;kS

ykuk yS;s yS;kS

ikuk iS;s iS;kS

iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ & /kkrq ds vkxs ^pqduk^ fØ;k ds lkekU; Hkfo";rdky ds :i

yxuks ls iw.kZ Hkfo";r~ dky dh fØ;k ds :i curs gSaA tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 138

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa i<+ pqd gkS ge i<+ pqd gSaA

e/;e iq#"k rw i<+ pqd gS rqe i<+ pqd gkSA

vU; iq#"k cks i<+ pqd gS os i<+ pqd gSaA

lkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lslkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lslkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lslkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr lslkekU; gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr ls & 1- lkekU; orZeku] 2- viw.kZ Hkwr] 3- lafnX/k

orZeku] 4- laHkkO; orZeku] 5- viw.kZ Hkfo";r~] 6- viw.kZ gsrqgsrq en~Hkwrdky dh fØ;k,¡

curh gSaA

lkekU; orZekulkekU; orZekulkekU; orZekulkekU; orZekulkekU; orZeku & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj fuEufyf[kr izR;;ksa ds yxkus

ls lkekU; orZekudky dh fØ;k ds :i curs gSaA

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k esa tkr gkSa ge tkr gSa

e/;e iq#"k tw tkr gS rqe tkr gks

vU; iq#"k ckS tkr gSS os tkr gSa

tSls & esa tkr gksa] ge tkr gSaA rw tkr gS] rqe tkr gkSA ckS tkr gS] cs tkr gSaA

viw.kZ Hkwrviw.kZ Hkwrviw.kZ Hkwrviw.kZ Hkwrviw.kZ Hkwr & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj rkS] rs] rh] rh izR;; yxkus ls viw.kZ

Hkwrdky dh fØ;k curh gSA tSls &

eSa [kkr rkS & [kkr rh ge [kkr rs & [kkrrha

rw [kkr rkS & [kkr rh rqe [kkr rs & [kkrrha

ckS [kkr rkS & [kkr rh cs [kkr rs & [kkr rha

rkRdkfyd viw.kZ Hkwrdky esa /kkrq ds vkxs jguk^ fØ;k ds :i tksM+dj rkS]

rs] rh] rha izR;; yxkrs gSaA tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa LkksjvkS rks ge lks j;s rs

e/;e iq#"k rw lks jvkS rks rqe lks j;s rs

vU;; iq#"k ckS lks jvkS rks cs lks j;s rsA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 139

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa lks jb rh ge lks jb rhae/;e iq#"k rw lks jb rh rqe lks jb rhavU; iq#"k ck lks jb rh cs lks jb rha

lafnX/k orZekulafnX/k orZekulafnX/k orZekulafnX/k orZekulafnX/k orZeku & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj ^gksuk^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus lslafnXèk orZekudky dh fØ;k cukrs gSaA tSls &

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k gqbvkS gqb;SaEk/;e iq#"k gqb;S gqbvkSvU; iq#"k gqb;S gqb;Sa

i q#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k esa i<+r gqbvksa ge i<+r gqb;Sae/;e iq#"k rw i<+r gqb;S rqe i<+r gqb;kSvU; iq#"k cks i<+r gqb;S os i<+r gqb;SaA

laHkkO; orZekulaHkkO; orZekulaHkkO; orZekulaHkkO; orZekulaHkkO; orZeku & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj ^gksuk^ fØ;k ds gksÅ¡] gks;a]gksvks] gks;a :i yxkus ls laHkkO; orZeku dky dh fØ;k cukrs gSaA

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa tkr gksÅa ge tkr gks;ae/;e iq#"k rw tkr gks; rqe tkr gkvksvU; iq#"k cks tkr gks; cs tkr gks;a

fgUnh esa fyax ds vuqlkj rk] rha cnyrs gSa] ij cqUnsyh esa nksuksa fyax lekujgrs gSaA tSls& [kkr Fkk] [kkrs Fks] [kkrh Fkh] ds LFkku ij [kkr rkS] [kkrrs] [kkrrh][kkrrha :i jgrs gSaA

viw.kZ Hkfo";rviw.kZ Hkfo";rviw.kZ Hkfo";rviw.kZ Hkfo";rviw.kZ Hkfo";r~ & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj ^jguk^ fØ;k ds jS] gks] jS gS] jSgS]jSgkS yxkus ls viw.kZ Hkfo";r~ dky ds :i esa curs gSaA tSls &

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eS vkr jSgksa ge vkr jSgSae/;e iq#"k rw vkr jSgS rqe vkr jSgkSvU; iq#"k cks vkr jSgs cs vkr jSgSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 140

[kM+h cksyh esa fyaxHksn ls fod`fr gS] tSls & vkrk jgw¡] vkrh jgw¡xhA

viw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrviw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrviw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrviw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwrviw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr & /kkrq ds vkxs ^r^ tksM+dj ^gksuk^ fØ;k ds gksrkS]gksrh] gksrs] gksrha :i yxkus ls viw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr dky dh fØ;k ds :i curs gSaAtSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa djr gksrkS ge djr gksrse/;e iq#"k rw djr gksrkS rqe djr gksrsvU; iq#"k cks djr gksrkS cs djr gksrs

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa djr gksrh ge djr gksrhae/;e iq#"k rw djr gksrh rqe djr gksrhavU; iq#"k cks djr gksrh cs djr gksrha

lkekU; HkwrlkekU; HkwrlkekU; HkwrlkekU; HkwrlkekU; Hkwr

lkekU; Hkwr lslkekU; Hkwr lslkekU; Hkwr lslkekU; Hkwr lslkekU; Hkwr ls & 1- iw.kZ Hkwr] 2- lafnX/k Hkwr] 3- laHkkO; Hkwr] 4- iw.kZ orZeku]5- iw.kZ gsrqgsrq en~Hkwrdky dh fØ;k,¡ curh gSaA

iw.kZ Hkwriw.kZ Hkwriw.kZ Hkwriw.kZ Hkwriw.kZ Hkwr & lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :iksa esa iqfYyax ,dopu esa ^rkS^cgqopu esa ^rs rFkk L=hfyax ,dopu esa ^rh^ vkSj cgqopu esa ^rha yxkus ls iw.kZHkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :i curs gSaA tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa vkvkS rkS ge vk;s rse/;e iq#"k rw vkvkS rkS rqe vk;s rsvU; iq#"k cks vkvkS rkS cs vkr rs

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa vkb rh ge vkb rha

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 141

e/;e iq#"k rw vkb rh rqe vkb rhavU; iq#"k ck vkb rh cs vkb rha

lafnX/k Hkwr lafnX/k Hkwr lafnX/k Hkwr lafnX/k Hkwr lafnX/k Hkwr & lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :iksa esa iqfYyax ,dopu esagksÅa] gks;] gksvks] gks;] gks;¡ yxkus ls lafnX/k Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :i esa curs gSaAtSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k esa nkSjks ge nkSjs gks;¡e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjks gks; rqe nkSjs gksvksvU; iq#"k ckS nkSjks cs nkSjs gks;¡

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa nkSjh gksÅa ge nkSjh gks;¡e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjh gks; rqe nkSjh gksvksvU; iq#"k ck nkSjh gks; cs nkSjh gks;¡

laHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; HkwrlaHkkO; Hkwr & lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :iksa esa nksuksa fyaxksa ds mRreiq#"k ,dopu esa ^gksÅ¡^ cgqopu esa gks;¡] e/;e iq#"k ,dopu esa ^gks;¡^ cgqopu esagksvks] vU; iq#"k ,dopu esa gks; vkSj cgqopu esa gks;¡ yxkus ls laHkkO; Hkwrdky dhfØ;k ds :i curs gSa] tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa nkSjkS gksÅa ge nkSjs gks;ae/;e iq#"k rw nkSjkSa gks; rqe nkSjs gksvksvU; iq#"k ckS nkSjkS gk; cs nkSjs gks;¡

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopumRre iq#"k eSa nkSjh gksÅa ge nkSjh gks;a

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 142

e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjh gks; rqe nkSjh gksvks

vU; iq#"k ck nkSjh gks; cs nkSjh gks;a

iw.kZ orZekuiw.kZ orZekuiw.kZ orZekuiw.kZ orZekuiw.kZ orZeku & lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :iksa esa gkSa] gS] gks tksM+us ls iw.kZ

orZekudky ds :i cu tkrs gSa] tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa nkSjks gkSa ge nkSjs gSa

e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjks gkS rqe nkSjs gkS

vU; iq#"k ckS nkSjkS gS cs nkSjs gSa

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa nkSjh gkSa ge nkSjh gSa

e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjh gS rqe nkSjh gks

vU; iq#"k ck nkSjh gS cs nkSjha gSa

iw.kZ gsrqen~Hkwriw.kZ gsrqen~Hkwriw.kZ gsrqen~Hkwriw.kZ gsrqen~Hkwriw.kZ gsrqen~Hkwr & lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k ds :iksa esa gksrkS] gksrh] gksrs]

gksrha yxkus ls iw.kZ gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr dh fØ;k ds :i cu tkrs gSa] tSls &

iqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyaxiqfYyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa nkSjkS gksrkS ge nkSjs gksrs

e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjkS gksrkS rqe nkSjs gksrs

vU; iq#"k cks nkSjh gksrks cs nkSjs gksrs

L=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyaxL=hfyax

iq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"kiq#"k ,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"k eSa nkSjh gksrh ge nkSjh gksrh

e/;e iq#"k rw nkSjh gksrh rqe nkSjh gksrh

vU; iq#"k ck nkSjh gksrh cs nkSjh gksrha

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 143

fØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;k

^fØ;k og fodkjh 'kCn gS] ftlls fdlh dk dqN djuk ;k gksuk Kkr gksrkgSA^ tSls&^xksiky [kkrk gSA^ blesa xksiky ds [kkus dk dk;Z Kkr gksrk gSA blhizdkj yksVk vyekjh iS j[kkS gSA^ bl okD; esa yksVk dk vyekjh ij gksuk Kkr gksrkgSA

fØ;k ds fcuk Hkkoksa dk Li"Vhdj.k vlaHko gSA okD; esa Li"V ;k vLi"V :iesa fØ;k vo'; fo|eku jgrh gS] fcuk fØ;k ds okD; ugha cu ldrk gSA ftlokD; esa fØ;k Li"V :i ls le> ugha vkrh] ogk¡ mldh deh le> esa vkrh gS] ijog vLi"V :i ls le ¼gk¡ esa [kkuk [kkÅaxh½ okD; esa jgrh vo'; gSA tSls& xhrkdk rqe [kkuk [kSgkSaA ¼xhrk D;k rqe [kkuk [kkvksxh½A xhrk&gk¡A

vxzkafdr mnkgj.k esa fØ;k dk cks/k Li"V :i ls ugha gks jgk gSA izR;{k :iesa fØ;k vo'; ugha gS] ij fØ;k dk vfLrRo fNik gqvk gS] vLi"V gSA xhrk ds gk¡^dgus dk vFkZ gS fd og [kkuk [kk;sxh] vr% fØ;k gSA Li"V gS fd fØ;k ds fcukokD; ugha cu ldrkA

fØ;k izdV ;k vizdV :i ls okD; esa fo|eku jgrh gSA djuk] mBuk] cSBuk]lksuk] [kkuk vkfn fgUnh dh lkekU; fØ;k,¡ gSaA cqUnsyh esa bu lkekU; fØ;k:iksa dkvar ^uk^ ds LFkku ij ^ckS^ vFkok ^usa ds lkFk gksrk gSA vf/kdka'k cqUnsyHkk"kh {ks=ksa esa^cks ^ckS mPpkfjr gksrk gSA bl rjg cqUnsyh esa ;gh fØ;k,¡& djckS] mBckS] cSBckS]lkscks] [kkckS vkfn gqbZaA

dqN cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks=ksa esa ^ckS^ ds LFkku ij ^ukS^ vFkok ^uS^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]blds vuqlkj ;gh fØ;k,¡ djuS] mBuS] cSBus] [kkus vkfn mPpkfjr gksrh gSaA

fØ;kvksa ds izdkfØ;kvksa ds izdkfØ;kvksa ds izdkfØ;kvksa ds izdkfØ;kvksa ds izdkj & ¼O;kikj½ deZ vkSj Qy ds vk/kkj ij fØ;k ds nks izdkjgksrs gSa &

v- vdeZd fØ;kv- vdeZd fØ;kv- vdeZd fØ;kv- vdeZd fØ;kv- vdeZd fØ;k & lkekU; :i esa ;s os fØ;k,¡ gSa] ftuesa deZ ugha gksrkgS] vdeZd fØ;k dk lkjk laca/k drkZ rd gh lhfer gksrk gS] blds fyax] opu vkSjiq#"k lHkh drkZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa] tSls & eSa fuxks] cs fuxSa] ck fuxh] rS fuxA

c- ldeZd fØ;kc- ldeZd fØ;kc- ldeZd fØ;kc- ldeZd fØ;kc- ldeZd fØ;k & ;s os fØ;k,¡ gSa] ftuesa deZ iz/kku gksrk gS] ftl fØ;k

ds dk;Z dk O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ij u iM+dj deZ ij iM+rk gS] og ldeZd fØ;k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 144

dgykrh gSA bl fØ;k ds lkFk deZ vfuok;Zr% jgrk gS] tcfd vdeZd fØ;k ds

lkFk deZ ugha jgrk] ;fn jgrk Hkh gS] rks xkS.k :i esa ghA

vFkZ dh iw.kZrk ds vuqlkj] iw.kZ vkSj viw.kZ nks izdkj ds Hksn gksrs gSa

iw.kZ vdeZdiw.kZ vdeZdiw.kZ vdeZdiw.kZ vdeZdiw.kZ vdeZd & lksgu nkSjr gSaA blesa ^nkSjr^ gS ls iw.kZ vFkZ dk cks/k gksrk gSA

viw.kZ vdeZdviw.kZ vdeZdviw.kZ vdeZdviw.kZ vdeZdviw.kZ vdeZd & flaf/k;k Xokfy;j ds jktdaqoj vk¡;A xksiky rks pksj

fudjkSA

bu mnkgj.kksa esa fØ;k iw.kZ vFkZ ugha nsrh] igys okD; esa iw.kZ vFkZ ds fy;s

^jktdqaoj^ 'kCn dh vis{kk jgrh gSA blh izdkj ^fudjkS Hkh viw.kZ vFkZ okyh fØ;k

gksrh gS] ftldh iw.kZrk ds fy;s ^pksj^ 'kCn ds iz;ksx dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

vdeZd fØ;k dh iwfrZ ls mlds drkZ dh n'kk ;k xq.k dk cks/k gksus ls mls

mn~ns'; iwfrZ dgrs gSaA tc dksbZ vdeZd fØ;k vius gh /kkrq ls cuh gqbZ Hkkookpd

laKk dks ltkrh; deZ ds :i esa pkgrh gS] rc og ldeZd gks tkrh gSa] tSls &

xqiky vPNh yM+kb yM+rA gfj;k ds ?kqM+ck vPNh pky pyrA blesa yM+kb vkSj

pky ltkrh; deZ gSaA

iw.kZ ldeZdiw.kZ ldeZdiw.kZ ldeZdiw.kZ ldeZdiw.kZ ldeZd & laiw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k,¡ viw.kZ fØ;kvksa ds varxZr vk ldrh

gSa] D;ksafd deZ ds fcuk muls iw.kZ vFkZ dk cks/k ugha gksrk] ij ;gk¡ ,slh ldeZd

fØ;k,¡] ftudk vk'k; ,d gh deZ ls izdV gksrk gS] iw.kZ ldeZd ekuh tkrh gSaA

iw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k dks fdlh nwljs deZ ;k iwfrZ 'kCn dh vko';drk ugha gksrh vkSj

og iw.kZ vFkZ Li"V djrh gSA tSls& jkew us fdrkc i<+hA blesa ^i<+h^ fØ;k ldeZd

gS] ftlds dk;Z dk djus okyk jkew vkSj mldh fØ;k i<+us dk Qy ftl ij iM+rk

gS] og fdrkc deZ mlds vFkZ dks iw.kZr% Li"V djrh gSA

viw.kZ ldeZd fØ;kviw.kZ ldeZd fØ;kviw.kZ ldeZd fØ;kviw.kZ ldeZd fØ;kviw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k & dbZ ldeZd fØ;k,¡ viuk vFkZ iw.kZ :i ls izdV

djus ds fy;s nks deZ okyh gksrh gSa] D;ksafd ,d deZ ls mudk vFkZ iw.kZr;k izdV

ugha gksrkA blh ls ,slh fØ;k,¡ ^f}deZd^ dgykrh gSaA buds igys deZ dks oLrq

okpd eq[; deZ dgrs gSaA tSls& xksiky us lksgu dksa fdrkc nbA

bl mnkgj.k esa nbZ ldeZd fØ;k viw.kZ gSa] D;ksafd bldk vFkZ fdrkc^ deZls iw.kZr% Li"V ugha gksrkA blesa eksgu dks vU; izk.kh okpd deZ iw.kZ vk'k; izdV

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 145

dj ysrk gSA ^nb^ ldeZd fØ;k f}deZd dgh tkrh gS] ftldk cks/kd deZ eq[kvkSj izk.kh cks/kd ^eksgu dks xkS.k deZ gSA dHkh&dHkh xkS.k deZ yqIr jgrk gSAtSls& xq# fdrkc i<+kmrA xS;k nw/k nsrA

xkS.k deZ izk;% lEiznku dkjd esa jgrk gS] ijUrq ek¡xckS vkSj dgckS vkfn ,slh

f}deZd fØ;k,¡ gSa] ftudk xkS.k deZ viknku dkjd esa vkrk gSA tSls& xjhc us

Hkxoku lSa nqvk ek¡xhA lhrk us erkb lSa [kkcs ekaxkSA vusd ,slh fØ;k,¡ gSa] ftudk

iz;ksx vdeZd vkSj ldeZd nksuksa :iksa esa gksrk gS] tSls& vdeZd fØ;k & cgw dh

ckrksa ls eksjks th tjr gSA lhrk dh ewM+ [kqtkmr gSA feBkbZ dkSa eksM+k dkS th

yypkvr gSA ldeZd fØ;k& ck eksM+h dq¡vk ls ikuh Hkjr gSA gkFkh viuh lwM+

[kqtkmr gSA jke] eksgu dkSa iSlksa dkSa yypkmr gSA

fØ;k /kkrq:ifØ;k /kkrq:ifØ;k /kkrq:ifØ;k /kkrq:ifØ;k /kkrq:i

O;qRifRr ds vk/kkj ij fØ;k dh /kkrq ds nks :i gksrs gSa& ewy :i vkSj

;kSfxd :iA

ewy :i ;k /kkrq,ewy :i ;k /kkrq,ewy :i ;k /kkrq,ewy :i ;k /kkrq,ewy :i ;k /kkrq,¡& tks /kkrq fdlh nwljs 'kCn ls cuh gqbZ ugha gksrh] mUgsa

^ewy èkkrq dgrs gSaA tSls& dkVckS] [kkckS] pyckS ¼dkV] [kk vkSj py vkfn½A

;kSfxd :i ;k /kkrq,;kSfxd :i ;k /kkrq,;kSfxd :i ;k /kkrq,;kSfxd :i ;k /kkrq,;kSfxd :i ;k /kkrq,¡a & tks /kkrq,¡ ewy /kkrq esa izR;; yxkus ls cuk;h tkrh

gaS] mUgsa ;kSfxd /kkrq dgrs gSaA tSls& dVckckS] pyckckS] fNnckckS vkSj tqM+ckckS vkfn

¼dkV] fNn] tqM+½A

;kSfxd /kkrq pkj izdkj ls curh gSa & vdeZd o ldeZd /kkrq esa izR;; tksM+us

ls] vdeZd /kkrqvksa esa izR;; tksM+us ls] ldeZd /kkrq esa ,d ;k nks /kkrqvksa ds la;ksx

ls la;qDr /kkrq vkSj nwljs 'kCnksa esa nks izR;; tksM+us ls uke /kkrqA

iz sj.kkFkZd fØ;kiz sj.kkFkZd fØ;kiz sj.kkFkZd fØ;kiz sj.kkFkZd fØ;kiz sj.kkFkZd fØ;k

fØ;k ds ewy /kkrq esa fodkl gksus ls tks fod`r /kkrq curh gS] ftldh fØ;k

ds O;kikj esa drkZ ij fdlh dh izsj.kk tkuh tkrh gS] mls izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k dgrs gSaA

tSls& lkgwdkj vknfe;u lsa etwjh djckmr gSA

;gk¡ djck ds ^dj^ esa fodkj mRiUu gksus ls fod`r /kkrq djckmr curk gS]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 146

mldh fØ;k ds O;kikj djckcS esa lkgwdkj izsj.kk ekuk tkrk gSa] ftldh izsj.kk lsfØ;k dk O;kikj gksrk gS] og ^izsjd drkZ vkSj tks fdlh dh izsj.kk ls izsfjr gksdjdk;Z djrk gS] mls izs;drkZ dgrs gSaA

vkckS] tkckS] ldckS] gksckS vkfn fØ;kvksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k fØ;k okys /kkrq lsnks izdkj dh izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k,¡ curh gSa] ftuesa ls igys izdkj dh izsj.kkFkZd dksldeZd dgrs gSaA D;ksafd og ldeZd ds vFkZ esa jgrh gSA laiw.kZ izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k,¡ldeZd gh gksrh gSa] ij ldeZd ls cuh izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k,¡ f}deZd gksrh gSaA

tc vdeZd dk iz;ksx izsj.kkFkZd ds :i esa gksrk gS] rc igys vdeZd lsldeZd fØ;k vkSj fQj ldeZd fØ;k ls izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k cukrs gSaA tSls & Qwyfxjr gSa] fdlku Qy fxjkmr gSA fdlku etwjksa ls Qy fxjokmr gSA

fuEukafdr ldeZd fØ;kvksa dk izFke izsj.kkFkZd :i f}deZd gh gksrk gS]tSls&

ldeZdldeZdldeZdldeZdldeZd f}deZdf}deZdf}deZdf}deZdf}deZd iz sj.kkFk Zdiz sj.kkFk Zdiz sj.kkFk Zdiz sj.kkFk Zdiz sj.kkFk Zd[kkckS [kqckckS [kqok;ckS/kksckS /kqckckS /kqok;ckSnsckS nqckckS nqok;ckSihckS fi;kckS fi;k;ckSlhaCkkS fla;kckS fla;k;ckSlh[kckS fl[kckS fl[kckckS

izsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;eizsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;eizsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;eizsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;eizsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;e

1- fØ;k ds nks v{kjksa ds ewy /kkrq ds var esa ^vk^ tksM+us ls izFke izsj.kkFkZdvkSj ewy /kkrq esa ckS^ tksM+us ls f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd ;k ;FkkFkZ izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k curh gS]tSls &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdmB mB&ckS mBok&ckSfxj fxjk&ckS fxjok&ckSQSy QSy&ckS QSyok&ckSi<+ i<+&ckS i<+ok&ckS

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 147

2- f}&v{kjh /kkrq esa ^,^ rFkk ^vks Lojksa ds vfrfjDr vkfn Lojksa dks nh?kZ ls

g`Lo vkSj f}rh; o.kZ ds v{kj dks g`Lo ls nh?kZ dj nsus ls izFke izsj.kkFkZd rFkk vkfn

Lojksa dks g`Lodj ^ckS izR;; yxkdj f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k cu tkrh gS &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZd

tkx txk&ckS txok&ckS

Hkkx Hkkx&ckS Hkxok&ckS

Mwc Mqck&ckS Mqcok&ckS

ihl filk&ckS filok&ckS

ywV yqVk&ckS yqVok&ckS

ekj ekj&ckS ejok&ckS

3- f=&v{kjh /kkrq ds r`rh; o.kZ dks vdkjkUr djus ls izFke izsj.kkFkZd rFkk

/kkrq esa ^ckS izR;; dk ;ksx djus ls f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd fØ;k cu tkrh gS &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZd

ped pedk&ckS pedck&ckS

le> le>k&ckS le>ck&ckS

cny cnyk&ckS cnyck&ckS

HkVd HkVdk&ckS HkVdck&ckS

Vgy Vgyk&ckS Vgyck&ckS

4- ,dk{kjh /kkrq ds var esa izFke izsj.kkFkZd esa ^yk^ rFkk f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd esa

^yck^ izR;; yxkdj cuk;s tkrs gSa] tSls &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZd

Nw Nqyk&ckS Nqyck&ckS

lh flyk&ckS flyck&ckS

th ftyk&ckS ftyck&ckS

[kk f[kyk&ckS f[kyck&ckS

5- tc ewy /kkrq ds var esa ^vks gks rks izsj.kkFkZd cukus esa mldk LFkku ^m^

ys ysrk gS] vFkkZr~ ^vks ds LFkku ij ^m^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 148

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdnksjckS nqjk&ckS nqjck&ckS

QksjckS Qqjk&ckS Qqjck&ckS

[kksnckS [kqnk&ckS [kqnck&ckS

/kksckS /kqck&ckS /kqcck&ckS

6- tc ewy /kkrq ds izFke o.kZ ds var dsa ,^ ,s gks rks mlds LFkku esa b^ djnsrs gSa] rks izsj.kkFkZd /kkrq,¡ curh gSa] tSls &

/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq/kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZd

ns[k fn[kk&ckS fn[kok&ckS

csy fcyk&ckS fcyok&ckS

lSad fladk&ckS fladok&ckS[ksy f[kyk&ckS f[kyok&ckS

cSB fcBk&ckS fcBok&ckS

7- dqN /kkrqvksa esa izFke vkSj f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd ,d gh vFkZ ds |ksrd gksrs gSa&

ewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdck¡/k c¡/kk&ckS c¡/kck&ckS

j[k j[kk&ckS j[kck&ckS

/kj /kjk&ckS /kjck&ckS

[kqy [kqyk&ckS [kqyck&ckS

g¡l g¡lk&ckS g¡lck&ckS

8- dqN ldeZd /kkrq,¡ ,slh gksrh gSa] ftuesa dsoy izFke izsj.kkFkZd /kkrq,¡ gh

curh gSa& xk& xkckS] xckckSA [kks & [kks&ckS] [kqckckSA ys & ys ys cks] yqckckSA

9- dqN /kkrqvksa ds izFke izsj.kkFkZd esa ^yk^ vFkok ^ck^ yx dk ;ksx gksrk gS]

f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd esa ^ck^ izR;; yxrk gS] tSls &

ewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZd

lh[k fl[kckS] fl[kykckS fl[kck&ckS

cSB fcBkckS] cSBky ckS fcBck&ckS

fn[k fn[kckS] fn[kykckS fn[kck&ckS

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 149

10- vdeZd /kkrq esa vkmr^ izR;; tksM+us ls og ldeZd rFkk izFke izsj.kkFkZdfØ;k vkSj ^vkmr^ ds LFkku ij ^ckmr^ izR;; tksM+us ls f}rh; ldeZd fØ;k cutkrh gS] tSls&

ewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrqewy /kkrq izFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZdizFke izsj.kkFkZd f}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdf}rh; iz sj.kkFkZdri rikmr rickmrpy pykmr pyckmr

;kSfxd ldeZd fØ;;kSfxd ldeZd fØ;;kSfxd ldeZd fØ;;kSfxd ldeZd fØ;;kSfxd ldeZd fØ;k

;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq,¡ os gSa] tks vdeZd /kkrqvksa ls curha gSaA tSls& dV lsdVkckS& dVckckSA fN ls fNnkckS& fNnckckSA

vdeZd /kkrqvksa ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cukus ds fu;evdeZd /kkrqvksa ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cukus ds fu;evdeZd /kkrqvksa ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cukus ds fu;evdeZd /kkrqvksa ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cukus ds fu;evdeZd /kkrqvksa ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cukus ds fu;e

1- nks o.kksZa ds vdeZd ewy /kkrq ds izFke o.kZ dks nh?kZ djus ls ;kSfxd ldeZd/kkrq cukrh gSa] tSls &

dV dkV&ckS yn ykn&ckSnc nkc&ckS Q¡l Qk¡l&ckSyqV yqVk&ckS

2- rhu v{kjksa ds ewy vdeZd /kkrq ds f}rh; v{kj dks nh?kZ djus ds ;kSfxdldeZd /kkrq curh gSa] tSls&

idj idjk&ckS lej lejk&ckSfudj fudjk&ckS lq/kj lq/kjk&ckSljd ljdk&ckS fcxj fcxj&ckS

3- ;fn ewy vdeZd /kkrq dk izFke o.kZ bdkjkUr vFkok ÅdkjkUr gS] rks mls,dkjkUr ok vksdkjkUr dj nsus ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cu tkrh gSaA tSls ,dkjkUrok vksdkjkUr dj nsus ls ;kSfxd ldeZd /kkrq cu tkrh gSa] tSls &

f?kj ?ksj&ckS [kqy [kksy&ckSfn[k ns[k&ckS ?kqj ?kksj&ckSfNn Nsn&ckS eqM+ eksM+&ckS

4- ;fn ewy vdeZd /kkrq ds var esa V^ gks] rks mls js djds ;kSfxd ldeZdcukrs gSa] vkSj izFke o.kZ dks ;fn ^Å^ gks rks ^vkS^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 150

QwV Qksj&ckS NwV Nksj&ckSdV dkV&ckS VwV rksM+&ckS

5- dqN ldeZd /kkrqvksa ls vfu;fer :i ls ldeZd /kkrq,¡a curh gSa &

fcd cSap&ckS jg j[k&ckS

la;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;k

tc ,d ls vf/kd fØ;k,¡ ,d lkFk vkrh gSa] rc la;qDr fØ;k,¡ dgykrh gSaA;s fØ;k,¡ ,d ls vf/kd /kkrqvksa ls fufeZr gksrh gS] tSls &

ikSap xvks fØ;k esa ikSap ¼igq¡p½ vkSj ^tk^ nks /kkrq,¡ gSaA bl izdkj ^tkrS gSafØ;k esa ^tk^ rFkk ^gks /kkrqvksa ls fufeZr fØ;k :i la;qDr gSA bl izdkj dhfØ;kvksa esa izFke fØ;k eq[; vkSj f}rh; fØ;k lgk;d gksrh gSA

la;qDr fØ;k ds izdkj & cqUnsyh esa iz;qDr la;qDr fØ;k,¡ Ng izdkj dh gksrh gS &

1- ftuesa izFke fØ;k lkekU; :i esa jgrh gS & djckS] pkvkSA2- ftuesa izFke fØ;k gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr dky esa gksrh gS & ckS i<+r tkr rkSA3- ftlesa izFke fØ;k lkekU; Hkwrdky ds :i esa gksrh gS & ckS pyks xvkSA4- ftlesa izFke fØ;k /kkrq ds :i esa jgrh gS & ckS fy[k ldr rksA5- ftlesa izFke fØ;k iw.kZ |ksrd d`nUr ds :i esa jgrh gS & ckS i<+r jgrksA6- iqu#Dr la;qDr fØ;k,¡ & vkckS] tkckS] jksckS] xkckS vkfnA

ukecks/kd fØ;kukecks/kd fØ;kukecks/kd fØ;kukecks/kd fØ;kukecks/kd fØ;k

nwljs 'kCn Hksnksa ds izR;; tksM+us ls tks /kkrq curh gSa] mUgsa &uke^ /kkrq dgrsgSaA buesa laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa esa ckS^ izR;; tksM+us ls fØ;k ds lk/kkj.k :i cursgSa] tSls &

Mdkj Mkdkj ckS [kjhn [kjhnckSnq[k nq[k ckS cny cny ckS[kjp [kjp ckS R;kx R;kx ckSnkx nkx ckS

vuqdj.kcks/kd fØ;kvuqdj.kcks/kd fØ;kvuqdj.kcks/kd fØ;kvuqdj.kcks/kd fØ;kvuqdj.kcks/kd fØ;k

fdlh /oU;kRed 'kCn dh /ofu esa ckS^ izR;; tksM+us ls fØ;k 'kCn cuk;s tkrs

gSa] mUgsa vuqdj.k cks/kd fØ;k dgrs gSa] tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 151

[kV [kV [kV[kVkckS dV dV dV dVkckS

Hku Hku HkuHkukckS Fkj Fkj Fkj FkjkckS

Qj Qj Qj QjkckS Hkj Hkj Hkj HkjkckS

ep ep ep epkckS Bd Bd Bd BdkckS

j[k j[k j[k j[kkckS

vkKkFkZd fØ;kvkKkFkZd fØ;kvkKkFkZd fØ;kvkKkFkZd fØ;kvkKkFkZd fØ;k

bl fØ;k dk mi;ksx vkKk vFkok mins'k nsus esa fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& rqe

fy[kks] ?kj tk vkfnA

^vkuk^ fØ;k dh ^vk^ /kkrq ls cqUnsyh ds iq#"k] fyax] opu :i bl izdkj

cusaxs&

izFke iq#"k iqfYyax vkvkS vk,a] vkch

izFke iq#"k L=hfyax vkvks vk,a] vkch

f}rh; iq#"k iqfYyax vk] vkb, vkvkS] vkb vvkS

f}rh; iq#"k L=hfyax vk] vkb, vkvkS] vkbv~vkS

r`rh; iq#"k iqfYyax vk,] vkcS vk,a] vkcSa

r`rh; iq#"k L=hfyax vk,] vkcS vk,a] vkcS

iwoZdkfyd fØ;kiwoZdkfyd fØ;kiwoZdkfyd fØ;kiwoZdkfyd fØ;kiwoZdkfyd fØ;k

tks fØ;k,¡ okD; dh eq[; fØ;k ds iwoZ vkrh gSa] ;s iwoZ dkfyd fØ;k,¡ dgh

tkrh gSaA bu fØ;kvksa ls eq[; dk;Z ds iwoZ dRrkZ }kjk dk;Z gksuk Kkr gksrk gSA tSls

& ckS i<+dsa lks xvkSA bl okD; esa ^ckS drkZ gSA og i<+us dk dke igys djrk gSA

blds i'pkr~ lksrk gSA vr% ^i<+dS ^iwoZdkfyd fØ;k^ gSA

fgUnh esa /kkrq ds vkxs ^dj^ izR;; yxk nsus ls ^iwoZdkfyd fØ;k^ curh gSA

cqUnsyh esa ^dj^ ds LFkku ij ^dS^ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

lgk;d fØ;klgk;d fØ;klgk;d fØ;klgk;d fØ;klgk;d fØ;k

;s fØ;k,¡ oLrqr% viw.kZ fØ;k,¡ gksrh gSaA rc rd eq[; fØ;kvksa ds lkFk ugha

tqM+rh] tc rd mudh dksbZ lkFkZdrk ugha gksrhA blds foijhr eq[; fØ;k Hkh fcuk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 152

bldh lgk;rk ds vius O;kikj esa vleFkZ jgrh gS] tSls& ^esa tkr gkSa bl fØ;kdh eq[; fØ;k ^gkSa gS] ij tc rd og eq[; fØ;k ^tkr^ lgk;d fØ;k dk ;ksxizkIr ugha djrh] rc rd dsoy ^eSa gkSa dgus dk rkRi;Z Li"V ugha gksrkA

cqUnsyh esa tku] vkr] [kkr] ykr vkfn fØ;k:iksa ds LFkku ij tkmr] vkmr][kkmr] ykmr vkfn dk iz;ksx Hkh lgk;d fØ;k ds :i esa gksrk gSA tSls& eSa tkmrgkSa] ckS vkmr gS vkfnA

cqUnsyh dh lgk;d fØ;kvksa ds :i gesa vusd ckj fgUnh dh lgk;d fØ;kls fHkUu fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA tSls& fgUnh esa ^og vk x;k^ okD; esa ^x;k^ eq[; fØ;kgS vkSj ^vk^ mldh lgk;d fØ;k gSA cqUnsyh esa ^cks vk xvkS^ okD; esa Hkh ^vk^lgk;d fØ;k gS] fdUrq bl vk^ ds vU; :i vk;^ dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;g dHkheq[; fØ;k ds :i esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gS] tSls& ^tks cdhy vk;^ rsa dks vk;\ vkSjdHkh&dHkh fu'p; izdV djus ds fy, Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gS] tSls& ck vk; xbZ grhA

fØ;k 'kCnks a dk :ikUrjfØ;k 'kCnks a dk :ikUrjfØ;k 'kCnks a dk :ikUrjfØ;k 'kCnks a dk :ikUrjfØ;k 'kCnks a dk :ikUrj

fØ;k 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx esa ,d fo/kkf;dk 'kfDr gSA blesa dky] jhfr] fyax] iq#"kvkSj opu dh voLFkk dk mYys[k vko';d gksrk gSA blh ds fufeRr lgk;d fØ;k'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fØ;k 'kCnksa esa okP; iz;ksx ¼fyax vkSj iq#"k½ dkyvkSj vFkZ ds dkj.k fodkj gksrk gSA

okP;okP;okP;okP;okP;

fØ;k 'kCn ds ml :ikUrj dks okP; dgrs gSa] ftlls ;g tkuk tkrk gS fdfoèkkudÙkkZ ds deZ vFkok Hkko esa ls fdlds fo"k; esa fd;k x;k gSA bl fo/kku dsvuqlkj okP; ds rhu izdkj gksrs gSa& drZ okP;] deZ okP; vkSj Hkko okP;A

dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP; & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls okP; dk mn~ns'; fØ;k dk drkZekuk tk;s] mls drZ okP; dgrs gSaA tSls& ikuh cjl jvks gSA ckus fpfB;k fy[knbA

drZ` okP; vdeZd vkSj ldeZd nksuksa fØ;kvksa esa gksrk gSA mi;qZDrmnkgj.kksa esa izFke okP; dh fØ;k vdeZd vkSj f}rh; okP; dh fØ;k ldeZd gSA

deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP; & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls fØ;k dk mn~ns'; fØ;k dk deZekuk tk;s] mls deZ okP; dgrs gSa] tSls& [kkuk [kkvks tkrA ekSM+h lsa ikuh HkjckvkstkrA xq# us fdrkc i<+kbZA [ksrh djh tkr gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 153

v-v-v-v-v- deZ okP; dsoy fØ;kvksa esa gksrk gSA

ccccc- deZ okP; esa okP; dk mn~ns'; dHkh&dHkh foHkfDrjfgr dkjd esa vkSjdHkh&dHkh foHkfDrlfgr deZ dkjd esa gksrk gSA tSls& iksFkh iM+h tk;A etwjcqyckvks tk;A xBfj;ksa dkSa mrjck yo tk;A

l-l-l-l-l- dHkh&dHkh deZokP; esa drkZ izdV ugha gksrk] tSls& jksVh cukb xbZA [ksresa ukt cksvks xvkSA

ldeZd fØ;kvksa ds deZokP; esa eq[; deZ mn~ns'; gksrk gS vkSj xkS.k deZT;ksa dk R;ksa jgrk gSA tSls& fHk[kkjh dkSa iSlk no xvksA jksxh dkSa nckb [kqckb xbZA

Hkko okP;Hkko okP;Hkko okP;Hkko okP;Hkko okP; & budk iz;ksx izk;% fu"ks/k okpd vO;; ds lkFk gksrk gS vkSjbldh fØ;k ,dopu] iqfYyax] vU; iq#"k ds :i esa jgrh gSA tSls & ekSlSa B.MkS[kkuk uba [kkc tkrA cw<+s lSa mBkS ubZa tkrA rkslSa mrS jo uba tkrA

v-v-v-v-v- Hkko okpd dsoy vdeZd fØ;k ds lkFk gh gksrk gS] ;g ldeZd fØ;kvksads lkFk ugha gksrk tks fd mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V gSA

c-c-c-c-c- cqUnsyh esa Hkko okP; dk iz;ksx fgUnh dh rjg iz;ksx fu"ks/kkRed vO;; u]uh vFkok uba ds lkFk gksrk gSA

l-l-l-l-l- Hkko okP; dh fØ;k dk lnSo ,dopu iqfYyax vU; iq#"k esa gh gksrk gSA

okP; ifjorZuokP; ifjorZuokP; ifjorZuokP; ifjorZuokP; ifjorZu

cqUnsyh dk okP; ifjorZu dfBu ugha gSA drkZ dkjd dh foHkfDr us dj.kdkjd dh foHkfDr ^lSa dj nsus ls drZ okP;&Hkko okP; esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA

cqUnsyh ds okP; ifjorZu dks Li"V djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.kksa ij/;ku nsuk vko';d gSA

dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP;dr`Z okP; & jkew jksVh [kk jvksA cgw jksVh cukmr gSA iaMr iksFkh i<+r gSAdeyk dke djr gSA cw<+ks mBr gSA

deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP;deZ okP; & jkew ls jksVh [kkb tkr gSA cgw lsa jksVh ouckbZ tkr gSA iaMrls iksFkh i<+h tkr gSA deyk ls dke gksr gSA cw<+s ls mBks tkr gSA

Hkko okP; Hkko okP; Hkko okP; Hkko okP; Hkko okP; & jkew lsa jksVh ubaZ [kkb tkrA cgw ls jksVh ubaZ cukb tkrA iaMrls iksFkh ubZa iM+h tkrA deyk ls dke uba gksrA cw<+s ls ubZa mBks tkrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 154

iz;k sxiz;k sxiz;k sxiz;k sxiz;k sx

ftl fØ;kin }kjk fo/kku gksrk gS] mlds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ;k rks drkZ;k deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa vFkok nksuksa ds vuqlkj u gksdj Hkko ds vuqlkj gksrs gSaAbl izdkj ds iz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k ds rhu :i gksrs gSa& drZfj iz;ksx] deZf.kiz;ksx vkSj Hkkos iz;ksxA

drZfj iz;ksxdrZfj iz;ksxdrZfj iz;ksxdrZfj iz;ksxdrZfj iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k drkZ dsfyax opu vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa mls drZfj iz;ksx dgrs gSa] tSls& ?kksM+k nkSM+rtkrA yqxkbZ ikuh fy;k jbZ gSA eksM+k fdrkc i<+r gSA ukSdj lkeku yk jvks gSA

drZfj iz;ksx vdeZd vkSj ldeZd nksuksa izdkj dh fØ;kvksa esa gksrk gS vkSjdrZfj iz;ksx esa drkZ dkjd foHkfDrjfgr gksrk gSA

deZf.k iz;ksxdeZf.k iz;ksxdeZf.k iz;ksxdeZf.k iz;ksxdeZf.k iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj esa fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k] deZ dsfyax] opu vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa] mls deZf.k iz;ksx dgrs gSaA tSls& xS;kusa nw/k nvksA jk/kk us ekSaM+k [kkSa ekjksA deyk crZu ys vkvksA

deZf.k iz;ksx dh fØ;k lnSo ldeZd gksrh gS vkSj deZokP; deZf.k iz;ksx esadrkZ dj.k dkjd dh ^lSa foHkfDr ls ;qDr jgrk gSA

Hkkos iz;ksxHkkos iz;ksxHkkos iz;ksxHkkos iz;ksxHkkos iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj esa fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k drkZ;k deZ ds vuqlkj u gksdj Hkko ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa] mls Hkkos iz;ksx dgrs gSaA tSls&muusa eksM+h dks cqyk yo grksA eksM+k usa jkew [kkSa iFkjk ekj no grksA lsB us lCthckjs dkSa cqyk yo rkSA

cqUnsyh esa tks Hkkos iz;ksx ns[ks tkrs gSa] os rhu izdkjksa esa foHkDr fd;s tk ldrsgSa& drZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx] deZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx vkSj HkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksxA

drZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdrZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdrZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdrZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdrZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls okD; dk iwjk mn~ns';fØ;k dk drkZ ekuk tk;s vkSj iq#"k dRrkZ vFkok deZ ds vuqlkj u gksa mls drZokP;Hkkos iz;ksx dgrs gSa] tSls& eSaus vk¡njsa fHk[kkjh dkSa ns[kks grksA geuSa lij yvkSA ekSM+hus fHk[kkfju dkS iFkjk ekj nvkSA

drZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx esa ;fn fØ;k vdeZd gks rks drkZ foHkfDrlfgr gksrkgS vkSj ;fn fØ;k ldeZd gS rks drkZ vkSj deZ nksuksa foHkfDrlfgr gksrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 155

deZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdeZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdeZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdeZokP; Hkkos iz;ksxdeZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls okD; dk mn~ns'; fØ;kdk deZ tkuk tk;s vkSj fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k drkZ vFkok fyax] opu vkSjiq#"k ds vuqlkj u gksa rks mls deZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx dgrs gSa] tSls& mudksa lksbZ C;kcdks cqykSvk ns nSvksA vkt yqgkj dkSa ch xk¡o dh rjQ lsa U;kSr yvks tk;sA

deZokP; Hkkos iz;ksx esa deZ foHkfDrlfgr jgrk gS vkSj ;fn drkZ dk iz;ksxvko';d gks rks mls dj.k dkjd esa lSa] lkSa foHkfDr j[krs gSaA oSls izk;% drkZ dk yksijgrk gSA

HkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksxHkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksxHkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksxHkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksxHkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksx & fØ;k ds ftl :ikUrj ls okD; dk mn~ns'; fØ;kdk drkZ vFkok deZ u tkuk tk;s vkSj fØ;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k drkZ ;k deZds fyax opu vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj u gks] Hkko ds vuqlkj u gks] Hkko ds vuqlkj gksamls Hkkos iz;ksx dgrs gSa tSls & brS cSBks ubZa tkrA ywyh xS;k lSa pykS ubaZ tkrAcw<+s lsa mBks ubZa tkrA

HkkookP; Hkkos iz;ksx dh fØ;k lnSo vdeZd jgrh gS vkSj ;fn drkZ dk iz;ksxfd;k tkrk gS rks mls dj.k dkjd dh foHkfDr ls ;qDr j[krs gSaA

la;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;k

tc fdlh okD; esa ,d ls vf/kd fØ;k,¡ ,d lkFk vkrh gSa] rc os la;qDrfØ;k,¡ dgykrh gSaA ;s fØ;k,¡ ,d ls vf/kd /kkrqvksa ds ;ksx ls curh gSaA tSls&pyks xvkSA tkuS gSA dj yschA ns MkjkSA

mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa esa & pyks vkSj xvkS nks /kkrq;sa gSa ^tk^ vkSj ^gS^ /kkrqvksadk ;ksx gSA ^dj ysch^ fØ;k esa ^dj^ vkSj ^ysch^ ¼ysaxs½ /kkrqvksa dk ;ksx gSA

la;qDr fØ;kvksa esa igyh fØ;k eq[; vkSj f}rh; fØ;k lgk;d gksrh gSA:i ds vuqlkj la;qDr fØ;k,¡a Ng izdkj dh gksrh gSa &

1- tks izFke fØ;k dh /kkrq esa ^u^ vFkok ^us tksM+us ls curh gSa] tSls& djusijr] tku yxs] i<+u yxkS] [kku nsgsA bl izdkj dh la;qDr fØ;kvksa ds pkj Hksn gksrsgSa& v- vko';drk cks/kd] c- vkjaHk cks/kd] l- vuqefr cks/kd] n- vodk'k cks/kdA

vko';drk cks/kdvko';drk cks/kdvko';drk cks/kdvko';drk cks/kdvko';drk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls fØ;k dh vko';drkvFkok drZO; dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls vko';drk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaAvko';drk cks/kd fØ;k /kkrq esa ^uSa tksM+dj mlesa ^ijckS^ vkSj ^gksckS^ fØ;k :i

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 156

yxkus ls curh gSA tSls& tkus ijgSA NkiuS gqb;SA dVuS gqb;SA gVuS pb;SA nkSjusijgSA djus ijgSA

/kkrq esa ^vkSj^ izR;; tksM+dj mlesa ^pkgckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls Hkhvko';drk cks/kd fØ;k ds :i curs gSaA tSls& djkS pS;sA ekjks pkgr~ rkSA

dHkh&dHkh eq[; fØ;k ds lk/kkj.k :i esa ^pkgckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkrs gSaAtSls& ejckS pkgr ¼pkmr½] tkckS pkgr] ¼pkmr½] ijckS pkgr] ¼pkmr½] yxckS pkgr]¼pkmr½A

vkjaHk cks/kdvkjaHk cks/kdvkjaHk cks/kdvkjaHk cks/kdvkjaHk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z dk vkjEHk Kkr gksrk gS] mlsvkjaHk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;g fØ;k /kkrq esa ^u^ tksM+dj mlesa ^yxckS^fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls& ikuh cjlu yxkSA cks tku yxkSA cks dkedju yxkSA i<+u yxhA dju yxhA

vuqefr cks/kdvuqefr cks/kdvuqefr cks/kdvuqefr cks/kdvuqefr cks/kd & ftl la;qDr fØ;k ls fØ;k ds O;kikj dks djus dhvuqefr fn;s tkus dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls vuqefr cks/kd dgrs gSaA

;g /kkrq esa ^u^ izR;; tksM+dj ^nSckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls&tku nSckSA dju nSckSA ekju nSckSA tksru nSckSA g¡lu nvkSA [kku nvkSA lksu nvkSA

vodk'k cks/kdvodk'k cks/kdvodk'k cks/kdvodk'k cks/kdvodk'k cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z djus esa vodk'k feyusdk cksèk gks] mls vodk'k cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSa] ;g /kkrqvksa esa ^u^ izR;;tksM+dj mlesa ^ikckS fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls& i<+ ikgSA NksjuikmrA Qksju ikmrA tku ikgSA

2-2-2-2-2- os lHkh la;qDr fØ;k,¡ gSa ftuesa vkfn dh fØ;k esa ^r^ izR;; tksM+us lscurh gSA tSls& nkSjr tkrA [kkr tkrA i<+r cukSA djr jSgSA iSjr jSgSA

bl izdkj dh la;qDr fØ;k,¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa & v- fuR;rk cks/kd] c-;ksX;rk cks/kdA

v- fuR;rk cks/kdv- fuR;rk cks/kdv- fuR;rk cks/kdv- fuR;rk cks/kdv- fuR;rk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z dh fuR;rk vFkkZr~mlds vfojke xfr ls gksus dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls fuR;rk cks/kd fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;gvkfn dh fØ;k dh /kkrq esa r^ izR;; tksM+dj mlesa jgckS^ vkckS^ rFkk tkckS^ fØ;kds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls & [kkr jSgS] tkr jSgS] vkr jSgSA i<+r tSgSa] djrtSgS] yxr tSgS] djr vkvkS] dkVr vkvkS] ekjr vkvkSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 157

lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k esa ^djckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls Hkh fuR;rk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k curh gSA tSls& ns[kkS djr] [kSykS djr] ¼ns[kckS djr] [ksyckSdjr½A

c- ;ksX;rk cks/kdc- ;ksX;rk cks/kdc- ;ksX;rk cks/kdc- ;ksX;rk cks/kdc- ;ksX;rk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ls ftlls dk;Z dks djus dh;ksX;rk vFkok leFkZrk tkuh tk;s] mls ;ksX;rk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k ds :i yxkusls curh gSA tSls& c<+r cukS] pyr cukSA [kkr ub cur] djr ub curA dkVrcu gS] [kkr cu gSA lksr cu gSA i<+r curkS] g¡lu curkS] mBr curkSA ¼lksr½ lksmrcur] mBr cur] [kkr curA

3- os fØ;k,¡ ftlesa vkfn dh fØ;k lkekU; Hkwrdky ds :i esa jgrh gSA bula;qDr fØ;kvksa ds nks izdkj gksrs gSa& v- bPNk cks/kd] c- vH;kl cks/kdA

v- bPNk cks/kdv- bPNk cks/kdv- bPNk cks/kdv- bPNk cks/kdv- bPNk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z djus dh bPNk O;Drgksrh gS] mls ^bPNk cks/kd^ la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;g lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;kesa ^pkgckS fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls & ckS tku pkgr rks ¼pkmr rkS½Ack lh[ku pkgr rh ¼pkmr rkS½A ckS nkSjkS pkgr rkS ¼pkmr rkS½A ck cSBkS pkgr rh¼pkmr rkS½A

fØ;k ds lk/kkj.k :i esa ^pkgckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls Hkh ^bPNk cks/kd^la;qDr fØ;k curh gSA tSls& ck vkckS pkgr rh ¼pkmr rh½ ¼mrkS½A ckS vkckS pkgrrkS ¼pkmrkS½A ckS i<+ckS pkgr rkS ¼pkmrkS½A ckS nkSM+ckS pkgr gS ¼pkmrS½A ckS lksckSpkgr gS ¼pkmrkS½A cukckS pkgr rks ¼pkmr gks½A lh[kckS pkgr gks ¼pkmr gks½A

dHkh&dHkh bPNk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k ds :i ls ;g Hkh tkuk tkrk gS fdfØ;k dk O;kikj fudV Hkfo"; esa vkjaHk gksus ij gSA tSls& ikuh cjlkS pkgr ;kfxjkS pkgr ¼pkmr½A fnu MwckS pkgr ;k pank MwckS pkgr ¼pkmr½A mtsjksgkscks&pkgr ¼pkmr½A HkqUljk gkscks pkgr ¼pkmr½A nw yxckS pkgr ¼pkmr½A

c- vH;kl cks/kdc- vH;kl cks/kdc- vH;kl cks/kdc- vH;kl cks/kdc- vH;kl cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftldks djus ds lrr vH;kl dkcks/k gks] mls vH;kl cks/kd dgrs gSaA ;g lkekU; Hkwrdky dh fØ;k esa djckS^ fØ;kds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls& i<+kS djrA lksvkS djrA jksvkS djrA

/kkrq esa ^rs izR;; tksM+dj ^jgckS^ fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls Hkh vH;kl cks/kdla;qDr fØ;k curh gSA tSls& [kkrS jSr gSA i<+rS jSr gSA vkrS jSgSA tkrS jSgS

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 158

4- os la;qDr fØ;k,¡ ftuesa vkfn dh fØ;k] /kkrq ds :i esa jgrh gSA tSls&i<+ ySckSA [kk ldckSA mBk ySckSA fxjk nSckSA bu la;qDr fØ;kvksa ds rhu izdkj gksrsgSa& v- vo/kkj.kk cks/kd] c- 'kfDr cks/kd] l- iw.kZrk cks/kdA

v- vo/kkj.kk cks/kdv- vo/kkj.kk cks/kdv- vo/kkj.kk cks/kdv- vo/kkj.kk cks/kdv- vo/kkj.kk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls eq[; fØ;k vf/kdfu'p;kRed gksrh gS] og vo/kkj.kk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgykrh gSA ;g la;qDrfØ;k /kkrq ds vkxs mBuk] cSBuk] i<+uk] Mkyuk vkfn fØ;kvksa ds :i yxkus ls curhgSA tSls& mB cSBkSA dj MkjkSA [kks nvkSA tk ijkSA ns MkjkSA

c- 'kfDr cks/kdc- 'kfDr cks/kdc- 'kfDr cks/kdc- 'kfDr cks/kdc- 'kfDr cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls djus dh 'kfDr dk cks/k gks]mls ^'kfDr cks/kd^ la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;g /kkrq esa ^ldckS fØ;k ds :i yxkusls Hkh curh gSA tSls& ckS ubZ tk ldsA tks dke ge ubZ dj ldrA dj ldckS][kk ldckS] i<+ ldckSA ns ldckS] ys ldckS] [kk ldckSA

l- iw.kZrk cks/kd l- iw.kZrk cks/kd l- iw.kZrk cks/kd l- iw.kZrk cks/kd l- iw.kZrk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z dk iw.kZ gksuk Kkr gks]mls ^iw.kZrk cks/kd^ la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA la;qDr fØ;k dk ;g :i /kkrq ds vkxs^pqduk^ ;k ^pqdckS fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curk gSA tSls& tk pqdkSA [kk pqdkSAi<+ pqdkSA dj pqdkSA pkV pqdrkSA

5- os la;qDr fØ;k,¡ ftuesa vkfn dh fØ;k |ksrd d`nUr ds :i esa jgrh gSAtSls & djSa nsrA y;Sa tkrA yVdk;Sa x;kSA buds nks izdkj gksrs gSa & v- fujUrjrkcks/kd] c- fu'p; cks/kdA

v- fujUrjrk cks/kd v- fujUrjrk cks/kd v- fujUrjrk cks/kd v- fujUrjrk cks/kd v- fujUrjrk cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls dk;Z dh fujUrjrk dkcks/k gks] mls fujUrjrk cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;g iw.kZ fØ;k |ksrd d`nUrds :i esa tkckS ] jgckS fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls& ckS [kkrbZ tkrA ckvkrbZ jgr ¼jSr½A

c- fu'p; cks/kdc- fu'p; cks/kdc- fu'p; cks/kdc- fu'p; cks/kdc- fu'p; cks/kd & ,slh la;qDr fØ;k ftlls eq[; fØ;k ds O;kikj dkfu'p; tkuk tk;s] mls fu'p; cks/kd la;qDr fØ;k dgrs gSaA ;g iw.kZ fØ;k |ksrdd`nUr ds :i esa yScks] nScks] MkjckS vkSj cSBckS fØ;k ds :i yxkus ls curh gSA tSls&cks ekjs Mkjr rksA eSa ns nSgksa eSa y;Sa nsrA yVdk;s nsrA

6- tc nks leku vFkZ vFkok /ofu okyh fØ;kvksa dk la;ksx gksdj ,dfØ;k:i curk gS] rc mls iqu#Dr la;qDr fØ;k^ dgrs gSaA tSls& le>kckS&cw>ckS]ns[kckS&HkkyckS] mBkckS& /kjckSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 159

iqu#Dr la;qDr fØ;kvksa esa nksuksa fØ;kvksa ds :iksa esa fodkj gksrk gS vkSjlgk;d fØ;k dsoy var dh fØ;k ds lkFk vkrh gSA tSls& le> cw>r gkSA djr/kjr rhA dekcs /kekcs tkr rkSA

la;qDr fØ;kvksa ls lacaf/kr fo'ks"k fu;ela;qDr fØ;kvksa ls lacaf/kr fo'ks"k fu;ela;qDr fØ;kvksa ls lacaf/kr fo'ks"k fu;ela;qDr fØ;kvksa ls lacaf/kr fo'ks"k fu;ela;qDr fØ;kvksa ls lacaf/kr fo'ks"k fu;e

1- la;qDr fØ;k esa vafre lgk;d fØ;k dh /kkrq dks fiNyh fØ;kvksa dsla;ksx lfgr /kkrq ekurs gSaA tSls&nkSjr jSgs] i<+u yxkS] rjlr jSgs] jkSmr jSgsA bumnkgj.kksa esa Øe'k% nkSjr jg] i<+u yx] rjlr jg] jksr jg ¼jksmr jg½ /kkrq gSaA

2- la;qDr fØ;kvksa esa vkfn dk [kaM eq[; le>k tkrk gS] tSls& i<+r gS] vkSjdju yxr gS] esa Øe'k% ^i<+ vkSj ^dj^ eq[; gSaA

3- la;qDr fØ;k,¡ dsoy ldeZd] dsoy vdeZd vkSj ldeZd&vdeZd nksuksafØ;kvksa ds la;ksx ls curh gSaA tSls&

dsoy ldeZd & [kk ysckS] ns[k ysckSAdsoy vdeZd & lks tkckS] mB tkckSAvdeZd&ldeZd & py nScks] nS vkckSA

fØ;k fo'ks"k.kfØ;k fo'ks"k.kfØ;k fo'ks"k.kfØ;k fo'ks"k.kfØ;k fo'ks"k.k

tks 'kCn] fØ;k fo'ks"k.k vFkok nwljs fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn dh fo'ks"krk crykrsgSa] os fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls& ckS rqjUr pyks xvkSA 'kfDr cM+h vPNhf[kykM+h gSA rqe cM+h tYnh dke dj jbaA ck cM+h vPNh jksVh cukmrA

fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k rhu vk/kkjksa ij fd;k tkrk gS & :i]iz;ksx vkSj vFkZA

1- :Ikkuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj & ewy] ;kSfxd vkSj LFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.kA

v- ewy fØ;kfo'ks"k.kv- ewy fØ;kfo'ks"k.kv- ewy fØ;kfo'ks"k.kv- ewy fØ;kfo'ks"k.kv- ewy fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & os fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn] tks fdlh nwljs 'kCn ls ughacurs] ewy fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa] tSls & fQj] lnk] ikNw¡] vk¡xsa] nwj] Bhd]vpkud vkfnA

c- ;kSfxd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- ;kSfxd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- ;kSfxd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- ;kSfxd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- ;kSfxd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & tks fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; yxkus lscurs gSa] os ;kSfxd fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls&jkr Hkj] fnu ykSa] izse lSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 160

;kSfxd fØ;k fo'ks"k.k rhu izdkj ls curs gSa& vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k'kCnka'k tksM+us ls] 'kCnksa dh f}:fDr ls vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu 'kCnksa ds esy lsA

vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k 'kCnka'k tksM+us ls &vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k 'kCnka'k tksM+us ls &vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k 'kCnka'k tksM+us ls &vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k 'kCnka'k tksM+us ls &vU; 'kCn Hksnksa esa izR;; ;k 'kCnka'k tksM+us ls &

1- laKk ls & eu Hkj] v?kkuSa] rd] fnu Hkj] jkr ykSaA2- loZuke ls & dSlsa] tSlsa] ,Slsa] oSlsa] Å¡lSaA3- fo'ks"k.k ls & vPNs lsa] brus lSa] ihyb] /khjs lSa vkfnA4- /kkrq dh f}#fDr & [kkr&[kkr] tkr&tkr] xkr&xkr] iSjr&iSjrA5- izR;; ls & brS ykS] mrS ykS] usaps dkSa] Åij dkSa] dclSa] >V~V lSaA

'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls'kCnksa dh f}#fDr ls

iy&iy] lki&lki] ¼lkQ&lkQ½] Bhd&Bhd] ckj&ckj] vklikl] bdlkFk]lk¡>&lcsjs] ?kjh&?kjh] vktdy] ,dlkFkA

LFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.kLFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.kLFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.kLFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.kLFkkuh; fØ;kfo'ks"k.k &

os 'kCnHksn tks fdlh izdkj ds :ikUrj ds fcuk gh LFkkuh; izpyu ds dkj.kfØ;k fo'ks"k.k dh jhfr ij iz;qDr gksrs gSa] LFkkuh; fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaAtSls&oks iFkjk tkur] os gekvks ewM+ ¼flj½ dj gSaA tks dkSu dke gS] ck jksr cSBh gS]Hkxoku ls dks cM+ks gSA cks ?kcjk dS Hkx xvks] ok lksr jbA

iz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkjiz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkjiz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkjiz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkjiz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj

iz;ksx ds vuqlkj fØ;k fo'ks"k.k rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa& lk/kkj.k] la;kstdvkSj vuqc)A

v- lk/kkj.kv- lk/kkj.kv- lk/kkj.kv- lk/kkj.kv- lk/kkj.k & os fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn tks fdlh okD; esa Lora= :i ls iz;qDrgksrs gSa] lk/kkj.k fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls & rw dk¡ xvks rksA eSa dk djkSaAxkM+h /khjsa py jb gSA

c- la;kstd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- la;kstd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- la;kstd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- la;kstd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kc- la;kstd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & ,sls fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ftudk laca/k fdlh miokD; ds lkFk jgrk gS] la;kstd fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls&tSlks dke] cSlksukeA tSlks dje dj gks] oSlks Qy fey gSA tSlh djuh] cSlh HkjuhA iSys egy grks]vc [kM+sjk MjkSA

l- vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & ,sls fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn tks vo/kkj.kk ds fy;s

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 161

fdlh Hkh 'kCnHksn ds lkFk mi;ksx esa vkrs gSa] vuqc) fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls& ckds vkcs Hkj dh nsj gSA cks dky ch vkvks rkSA vksdh lwjr rd ub ns[khA

vFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds izdkjvFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds izdkjvFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds izdkjvFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds izdkjvFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds izdkj & vFkZ ds vuqlkj fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksads pkj izdkj gksrs gSaA tSls& LFky okpd] dky okpd] ifjek.k okpd vkSj jhfrokpdA

v- LFky okpdv- LFky okpdv- LFky okpdv- LFky okpdv- LFky okpd & ftl fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ds LFkku dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls LFkkuokpd dgrs gSaA blds nks Hksn gSa & d- fLFkfr okpd] [k- fn'kk okpdA

d- fLFkfr okpdd- fLFkfr okpdd- fLFkfr okpdd- fLFkfr okpdd- fLFkfr okpd & vk¡xsa] ik¡Ns] uSpSa] ck;js] Hkhrjsa] ikl] nsj] uthd¼utnhd½] ,asxj] rjsa] iNk,saA

[k- fn'kk okpd[k- fn'kk okpd[k- fn'kk okpd[k- fn'kk okpd[k- fn'kk okpd & brS] mrS] tkcktw] fdrS] nk,¡] ck,¡] bZrjQ] Å¡rjQ] brba]mrba] mrk,sa] uk,¡] vars] ek,¡] dqnkba] mnkba ¼ml vksj½ vkfnA

c- dky okpd c- dky okpd c- dky okpd c- dky okpd c- dky okpd & ftl fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn ls le; dk cks/k gks] mls dkyokpd dgrs gSaA tSls & vkt] dy] ijkSa] vklkSa] ;kuSa] ldkjSa] ln vcS] tcS] dcS] rqjr¼rqjar½] ckj&ckj] ds csjs] var ykSa ¼varrbZ½] vkt ykSa ¼vkt rd½A

l- ifjek.k okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- ifjek.k okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- ifjek.k okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- ifjek.k okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kl- ifjek.k okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k & ftl fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn ls ifjek.kvFkok vfuf'pr la[;k dk cks/k gksrk gS] mls ifjek.k okpd dgrs gSaA tSls &

1- vkf/kD; cks/kd & HkkSr] [kwc] Hkkjh] fujkSA2- U;wurk cks/kd & dNw] Fkksjks] tjk] gydks vkfnA3- i;kZIrrk cks/kd & cjkscj] cl] Bhd] iwjksA4- rqyuk okpd & mrukS] fdrukS] c<+dS] tknk¡] de] rudA5- Øe okpd & /khjs&/khjs] rud&rud] Fkksjks&Fkksjks]

tjk&tjk] HkkSr&HkkSr] fry&fryA

n- jhfr okpd n- jhfr okpd n- jhfr okpd n- jhfr okpd n- jhfr okpd & ,sls fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn ftls izdkj] fu"ks/k fu'p;]vfu'p;] dkj.k vkSj vo/kkj.kk dk cks/k gksrk gS] mUgsa jhfr okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kdgrs gSaA cqUnsyh esa jhfr okpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.kksa dh izd`fr ds vuqlkj blds lkr HksngSa &

1- izdkj okpd & vkib vki] eulSa] /;ku lsa] pVQV] QVQV] rM+krM+QVkQV] pV ls] pViV] ,slb] oSlb] ,slks] oSlksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 162

2- fu'p; okpd & njvly] t#j] lbZ] csld] vycRrk] iDdkA3- vfu'p; okpd & L;kr~ ¼'kk;n½] dqtkus] dk¡lSa] tSlas] Ålsa vkfnA4- Lohd`fr okpd & cjkscj] lPpk] Bhd] gkSA5- dkj.k okpd & balS ¼blls½] ,sblSa ¼blh dkj.k½] dk;s lSa ¼fdl dkj.k½A6- fu"ks/k okpd & ubZ ¼ugha½] uk] vk¡gk¡] er] ftu vkfnA7- vo/kkj.kk okpd & rks ch ¼Hkh½] dÅ¡ ¼dgq¡½ vkfnA

fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn ;|fi vO;; gS] vFkkZr~ muds :i] fyax] opu vkfn dsdkj.k fodkj ugha gksrk] ijarq tc vksdkjkUr fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fØ;k fo'ks"k.kds leku gksrk gS] rc muds :i esa fyax] opu vkfn ds dkj.k gksrk gS] tSls& tSlkS]tSlh] tSlsA mrukS] mrus] mruhA fdrukS] fdrus] fdruhA ftrukS] ftrus] ftruhAbRrkS] bRrs] bRrhA

vkxs dqN ,sls fo'ks"k.kksa ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS] ftuds iz;ksx vkSj vFkZ esadqN fo'ks"krk gSA

cqUnsyh ds dqN izeq[k fØ;kfo'ks"k.kcqUnsyh ds dqN izeq[k fØ;kfo'ks"k.kcqUnsyh ds dqN izeq[k fØ;kfo'ks"k.kcqUnsyh ds dqN izeq[k fØ;kfo'ks"k.kcqUnsyh ds dqN izeq[k fØ;kfo'ks"k.k

1- rkS1- rkS1- rkS1- rkS1- rkS & ;g fu'p; crykus okyk gS] vkSj bldk iz;ksx Hkh 'kCn Hksn ds lkFkgks ldrk gS] tSls& eSa mrS rkS gksaA vdy rkS lcdSa gksrA rqe rkS vkt pys x;s rsAoks NksVks rkS gS] ij prqj gSA cs i<+r rkS gSaA ge [kkr rkS gSaA

2- bZ2- bZ2- bZ2- bZ2- bZ & ;g fu'p; ds vFkZ esa gS vkSj bldk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh 'kCnHksn ds lkFkgks ldrk gSA fgUnh esa ;g ^gh^ :i esa vkrk gS] tSls &

os latk rdbZ vkgsa & os 'kke rd gh vk;saxsAcks vkbZ pqdkS rkS & og vk gh pqdk FkkAck iklbZ grh & oks ikl gh FkhA

bldk iz;ksx 'kCnksa dh vko`fRr ds chp esa Hkh gksrk gS] tSls &

iklb ikl & ¼ikl gh ikl½tkrbZ tkr & ¼tkrs gh tkrs½i<+rbZ i<+r & ¼i<+rs gh i<+rs½djrbZ djr & ¼djrs gh djrs½[kkrbZ [kkr & ¼[kkrs gh [kkrs½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 163

bldk iz;ksx loZukeksa ds lkFk fu'p;kFkZ esa gksrk gS] tSls& csbZ] lcbZ] gebZ]rqebZA

dgha&dgha ^gh^ ds la;ksx }kjk iwoZ 'kCn ds lkFk ,slk :i gksrk gS] tksfcydqy cny tkrk gSA tSls& mlgh&mlh] rcgh&rcS] tcgh&tcS] lcgh&lcSA

3- dHkh3- dHkh3- dHkh3- dHkh3- dHkh & dcgq¡] dHkÅ¡] mrs dHkm¡] uS tS;ks] >wB dcgq¡ uS cksfyvksA

4- dcdkS4- dcdkS4- dcdkS4- dcdkS4- dcdkS & ;g cgqr le; ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS vkSj blds fyax] opu drkZds fyax] opu ds vuqlkj cnyrs gSa] tSls& eSa dcdkS jlrk ns[k jvkS gksaA ckS dcdkSVsjr gSA ekSM+h dcdh VsjrA cs dcds vk x;sA

5- dgw¡ ¼dgha½5- dgw¡ ¼dgha½5- dgw¡ ¼dgha½5- dgw¡ ¼dgha½5- dgw¡ ¼dgha½ & ;g vfuf'pr LFkku okpd gS] tSls& fMfc;k dgw¡ /kjh gS¼dm¡½A xS;k dgw¡ Hkx tSgs ¼dÅ¡½A ^dgw¡^ ds LFkku ij ^dÅ¡^ dk iz;ksx Hkh mPpkj.k/ofu Hksn ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gS& dHkh&dHkh dgw¡ dk iz;ksx ^vf/kd^ vkSj^dnkfpr~ ds vFkZ esa Hkh gksrk gS] tSls& vkslsa dgw¡ tk vPNh yxrA xS;k lsa dgw¡HkSafl;k vPNks nw/k nsrA rqe dgw¡] etkd rks uba dj j;sA

i`Fkd okD;ksa esa ^dgw¡^ nks ;k vf/kd ckj ds iz;ksx ls fojks/k dk Hkko lwfprgksrk gSA tSls& dgw¡ /kwi] dgw¡ Nk;kA

dHkh&dHkh ^dgw¡^ fu'p; ds lkFk foLe; izdV djrk gS] tSls& cSBs ls dgw¡iSlk feyrA iFkjk ls dgw¡ ikuh fudjrA jsrk ls dgw¡ rsy fudjrA

6- dk¡ ¼dgk¡½6- dk¡ ¼dgk¡½6- dk¡ ¼dgk¡½6- dk¡ ¼dgk¡½6- dk¡ ¼dgk¡½ & ;g vfuf'pr LFkku okpd gS] tSls& eanj dk¡ gSA rqe dk¡x;s rsA ';ke dk¡ jSrA tc ^dk¡^ dk iz;ksx nks i`Fkd~ okD;ksa esa gksrk gS] rc blls^Hkkj ds varj dk cks/k gksrk gSA tSls dk¡ jktk Hkkst vkSj dk¡ xaxqvk rsyhA dk¡ jktk]dk¡ jadA

7- dk¡ rd] dk¡ ykSa 7- dk¡ rd] dk¡ ykSa 7- dk¡ rd] dk¡ ykSa 7- dk¡ rd] dk¡ ykSa 7- dk¡ rd] dk¡ ykSa & ;g fdl lhek rd ds vFkZ esa vkrk gSA tSls& ckSdk¡ rd dke dj gSA ck dk¡ rd lqu gSA ckS gels dk¡ rd HkxsA dk¡ ykS d;s] vksdhle> esa ugha vk;A

8- tc8- tc8- tc8- tc8- tc & tc jktk vkcS dkSa Hk;] lc pqi gks x;sA

9- brS&mr9- brS&mr9- brS&mr9- brS&mr9- brS&mrS & bu nqgjs fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa ls fofp=rk dk cks/k gksrk gSA tSls&brS èkje dks fopkj] mrS /ku dks ykypA brS vehjh dks jax] mrS xjhch dks <axA brSdqvk¡] mrS [kkbZA brS jat] mrS [kq'khA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 164

10- ,salsa šlsa10- ,salsa šlsa10- ,salsa šlsa10- ,salsa šlsa10- ,salsa šlsa & blh izdkj ds vFkZ esa ^,salsa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ij bldkiz;ksx O;FkZ ;k vdkj.k ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA tSls& ,salsa gh cSB x;s] ,aslsa gh dju yxs]šlsa rks mulksa ckr ykSa djus dh Qq#lr ub jsrkbA šlsa oSls gh ;k mlh izdkjds vFkZ esa gS] ij bldk iz;ksx Hkh O;FkZ ;k vdkj.k ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA tSls& ftUnxhšlsa pyh xbZA cs šlsa vk xba rhaA

11- vk¡xsa] ihNsa ¼ikNsa½] ikl] nwj11- vk¡xsa] ihNsa ¼ikNsa½] ikl] nwj11- vk¡xsa] ihNsa ¼ikNsa½] ikl] nwj11- vk¡xsa] ihNsa ¼ikNsa½] ikl] nwj11- vk¡xsa] ihNsa ¼ikNsa½] ikl] nwj & ;s vkSj buds lekukFkhZ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k'kCn LFkku okpd vkSj dky okpd nksuksa izdkj ls vkrs gSa] tSls& LFkku okpd &eksjks ?kj jke lSa vk¡xs gSA deyk dks ?kj gek; ?kj ds ihNsa ¼ikNsa½ gSA eSa Bkdqj lkgcds ikl jsr gksaA [ksr brsS ls nwj gSA dky okpd&xksiky] jkew ls vk¡xs Hko rksA ckSvksds ihNs vkvksA jke ukSeh iklb gS] ¼iklS½A fnckjh nwj gSA

12- dckS&dckS ¼dHkÅ¡&dHkÅ¡½12- dckS&dckS ¼dHkÅ¡&dHkÅ¡½12- dckS&dckS ¼dHkÅ¡&dHkÅ¡½12- dckS&dckS ¼dHkÅ¡&dHkÅ¡½12- dckS&dckS ¼dHkÅ¡&dHkÅ¡½ & vfu'p; okpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k gS] budkiz;ksx Lohd`fr vkSj fu"ks/k] nksuksa :iksa esa gksrk gSA tSls& Lohd`fr & esa dckS vk tSgksaArqe dckS&dckS brS fudj vkvks djsA fu"ks/k& mrS dckSa usa tkc djsaA

13- deS 13- deS 13- deS 13- deS 13- deS & bldk iz;ksx ^cgqr de^ ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS] tSls& rq brS deSvkr gksA mrS deS tkc djs] deS yksx tqjs rsA

14- uSa] ugha14- uSa] ugha14- uSa] ugha14- uSa] ugha14- uSa] ugha & ^uSa dk iz;ksx dsoy fu"ks/k ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA vkSj&ugha dkiz;ksx fu"ks/k dh vko';drk ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA tSls& esa uSa dj gksaA esa ubZa djldrA

15- tsalsa&rsalsa15- tsalsa&rsalsa15- tsalsa&rsalsa15- tsalsa&rsalsa15- tsalsa&rsalsa & budk iz;ksx fdlh u fdlh izdkj ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSAtSls& tsalsa&rsals bRrks dke fuiVkyksA tsalsa&rsals vks[kkSa ikSapk nksA tsalsa&rsalsas cks dke[kre djkSA tsals&rsals pys vb;ksA

16- Hkj16- Hkj16- Hkj16- Hkj16- Hkj & ;g fØ;kfo'ks"k.k laKk 'kCnksa ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gS] rc fo'ks"k.kcu tkrk gSA tSls & eqV~Bh Hkj vukt] lsj Hkj nwnA

17- rd17- rd17- rd17- rd17- rd & budk iz;ksx ^Hkh^ ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA bldk iz;ksx O;kidrk dsvFkZ esa Hkh gksrk gSA tSls & vksdks cki rd vkvkS rks ¼mldk cki Hkh vk;k Fkk½AO;kidrk & lkxj ls tcyiqj rd vksdkS uke gSA

18- dky ijkSa18- dky ijkSa18- dky ijkSa18- dky ijkSa18- dky ijkSa & dkyokpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx Hkwr vkSj Hkfo"; nksuksadkyksa esa gksrk gSA tSls & cks dky vkvkS grks ¼Hkwrdky½A ckS dky tSgs ¼Hkfo";dky½Acks ijks vkvkS rks ¼Hkwrdky½A ckS ijkS vkgS ¼Hkfo";dky½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 165

19- rc&fQj19- rc&fQj19- rc&fQj19- rc&fQj19- rc&fQj & ;s nksuksa lekukFkhZ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k gSa] ij dHkh&dHkh budkiz;ksx lkFk&lkFk Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS] tSls & rc ns[kks tSgSa fd dk djk tk;] rc dhrc ns[kh xbZ] rc fQj nwljksa dke dj gSA rc fQj lksap gSA rc fQj vkgSA

laca/k lwpdlaca/k lwpdlaca/k lwpdlaca/k lwpdlaca/k lwpd

,sls vfodkjh ;k vO;; 'kCn tks laKk ;k loZuke 'kCnksa dk laca/k okD; dsvU; 'kCnksa ls djrs gSa] mUgsa laca/k lwpd dgrs gSaA tSls& ikuw ds fcuk th /kkjh thubZa ldrA ckS 'kgj rd ikSap xvks rksA ck 'kknh esa jkr Hkj dke djr jbZA

mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa esa fcuk] rd] Hkj laca/k&lwpd vO;; gSaA ^fcuk^ vO;;lwpd 'kCn dk laca/k th uba ldr^ fØ;k ls] rd^ vO;; 'kCn dk laca/k iksap xvkSrks fØ;k ls] Hkj^ vO;; 'kCn dk laca/k djr jb^ fØ;k ls gSA O;qRifRr ds vuqlkjlaca/k lwpd vO;; ds nks Hksn ekus tkrs gSa & ewy vkSj ;kSfxdA

ewy ewy ewy ewy ewy & tks vO;; 'kCn Lora= :i ls vO;; lwpd gksrs gSa] vFkkZr~ tks fdlhvU; 'kCnHksn vFkok 'kCnka'k ls ugha curs] mUgsa ^ewy laca/k lwpd^ dgrs gSaA tSls &gek; fcuk] ÅdkS dkm dke uSa gks ldrA jek ?kk¡ba rqels] i<+ckS uSa curA ge rqek;s?kk¡ba uSa gks ldrA xksiky gfj;k ?kk¡ba uSa gks ldrA ?kk¡bZ & tSls dh rjgA

;kSfxd;kSfxd;kSfxd;kSfxd;kSfxd & os laca/k lwpd 'kCn tks nwljs 'kCnHksnksa ls curs gSa] ;kSfxd dgykrsgSaA tc gekvks eu ubZ;k¡ rc csj&csj dk;s [kkS dS jbZA tSls& laKk ls & uke] iyVs]vkSj ys[ks] vkSj cnys vkfnA fo'ks"k.k ls & tkx] ljh[kS] leku] ,slkS] cjkscj] lkS tSlksvkfnA fØ;k fo'ks"k.k & ck;js] Hkhrjs] Åijsa] uSpsa] ihNs] vkxsa] ckgj] ykSus] ekjSA fØ;kls & vkSj tkuSa vkfnA

iz;ksxkuqlkj laca/k lwpd vO;; ds nks Hksn gks ldrs gSa] tSls & lEc) vkSjvuqc)A

lEc) lwpd vO;;lEc) lwpd vO;;lEc) lwpd vO;;lEc) lwpd vO;;lEc) lwpd vO;; & ;s os gSa tks dj.k dh foHkfDr;ksa ds vkxs vkrs gSaAtSls& [kkuk cucs ds iSysa vkmuS gSA cqansyh esa lEc) lwpd vO;; laca/kh fuEukafdrckrsa mYys[kuh; gSa &

1- vk¡xs] ik¡Ns] rjSa vkSj fcuk vkfn lEc) lwpd vO;; dHkh&dHkh foHkfDr ds

fcuk Hkh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA tSls& /ku fcukA ihB ik¡NsaA vk¡[ku vk¡xsaA ik¡c rjSa vkfnA

2- vk¡xw¡] vk¡xsa] ik¡NSa] ckgj] Hkhrj] Åij vkSj uhpSa] uSaps ds iwoZ ^lSa foHkfDr Hkh

vkrh gSA tSls& Nr lSa uSpSaA rqelS vk¡xw¡A rqelSa iSySaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 166

3- ekjSa] fcuk vkSj flok; ;|fi lEc) lwpd vO;; gSa] ij budk iz;ksx

dHkh&dHkh foHkfDr ;qDr laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn ds iwoZ fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& ekjSa

xehZ ds mcys tkr] flck; ekSM+h ds lc vk;rsA fcuk /ku ds csikj dSls gksrA

4- fcuk^ vkSj ik¡Ns Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr ds fod`r :i ds vkxs foHkfDr ds fcuk

Hkh vkrs gSaA tSls& iSlksa fcuk dke uSa py gSA cqj; dje djcs [kksa rks dj yks] ik¡Ns

iNrkmus ijrA

5- rjQ vkSj uk¡ba] rjk¡ vkSj cnkSyr ds igys ^dh^ vFkok ^jh^ foHkfDr vkrh

gSA tSls& nq'eu dh uk¡ba nq'eu ?kk¡baA izse dh cnkSyr vkneh tk pkgs lks djck

y;A ';ke dh rjQ ¼rjis½A jke dh vksjA

6- tksx vkSj ykd ¼yk;d½ fØ;kFkZd laKk ds fod`r :i ds vkxs fcuk

foHkfDr ds iz;qDr gksrs gSa] tSls& tks diM+k iSjcS tksx gSA tk jksVh [kkcS ykd gSA

tks ikuh ugkcS tksx gSA

7- lEc) lwpdksa ds igys izk;% ds vFkok js dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA budk iz;ksx

iqfYyax ds leku gksrk gSaA tSls & rqek;s iSySaA dekcs ds ykuSA I;kl ds ekjSaA rqek;s

fcukA

c- vuqc)c- vuqc)c- vuqc)c- vuqc)c- vuqc) & laca/k lwpd 'kCn mudks dgrs gSa] tks laKk 'kCnksa ds fod`r :iksa

ds lkFk vkrs gSaA tSls & dqVqEch tuksa lesr] [ksrksa rdA

/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;

usa] vkSa] lSa] dkS] dh vkSj esa Hkh vuqc) laca/k lwpd ds leku gh iz;qDr gksrs

gSa] ijUrq laLd`r ds foHkfDr izR;;ksa ds viHkza'k gksus ls fgUnh ds leku cqUnsyh esa Hkh

;s izR;; gh gksrs gSaA lkFk gh vFkZghu gksus ds dkj.k ;s Lora= 'kCn ugha dgyk

ldrs] D;ksafd Lora= 'kCn lkFkZd gksrs gSaA

cqUnsyh esa dqN ,sls lEc) lwpd vO;; gSa] ftuls LFkku] dky] fn'kk] gsrq] lk/

ku fofue; vkfn dk vFkZ fudyrk gS] ;s dqy rsjg lEc) lwpd gSa &

1- dky okpd vk¡xSa] ihNSa] ik¡Nsa] ckn yxHkxA

2- LFkku okpd uSpsa] Åij] f<xk¡] fyxk¡] rjSa] ck;js] Hkhrjs] lkeus]

ik¡Ns] clj] nwjA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 167

3- fn'kk okpd vksj] rjQ] ikj] vkj&ikj] vkl&ikl] lkeus] cktwA4- lk/ku okpd ekjQr] lgkjSa tfj;s vkfnA5- gsrq okpd lcc] ykuS] [kkrj] dkju] ekSjsa] vkfnA6- fo"k; okpd fclS] ckcr~] ys[kSa] tku] e)Sa vkSj Hkjksls vkfnA7- O;frjsd ;k fHkUurk fcuk] flok;] cxSj] vdsysaA8- fofue; okpd ikyVSa] cnySa] tkxk¡] foj/k vkfnA9- lkn`'; okpd rjk¡] ukbZa] fcjkscj] tksx] ljh[kkS] lkS tSlkS] ,slkS]

?kk¡bZ] leku vkfnA10- fojks/k okpd f[kyki] myVkS] foj/k vkfnA11- lgpj okpd laxs] lkFk] laxlkFk] cl vkSj v/khu] lesr]

laxlaxA12- laxzg okpd Hkj] rd] ykS vkfnA13- rqyuk okpd vk¡xsa] lkeus] eqdkcySa vkfnA

laca/k lwpd vO;; ds fo"k; esa fo'ks"k iz;ksx vkSj vFkZ fo"k;d dqN fo'ks"krk,¡feyrh gSa] tks bl izdkj gSa &

1- v1- v1- v1- v1- v & vkxsa] vk¡xwa] v¡xkjs] v¡xkjha & ;g laca/k lwpd vO;; dky&okpdvkSj LFkku&okpd nksuksa :iksa esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA tSls & LFkku&okpd & eksjs [ksrds vk¡xsa vksds ?kj ds ihNsaA dky&okpd & fnckjh ds iSysa lQkbZ gksus gSA pkj fnuksaesa C;kc gksus gSA

c-c-c-c-c- vk¡xsa vkSj blds mDr :iksa dk iz;ksx rqyuk esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA tSls &cks rks gekjs ihNsbZa ij xvksA cks rkS iSlksa ds ihNsa ixy;k xvksA Å dh rkdr ds vk¡xsadksÅ uba BsjrA

l- mifLFkfr el- mifLFkfr el- mifLFkfr el- mifLFkfr el- mifLFkfr esa & dkjs ds vk¡xs fn;k ubZa tjr] HkSal ds vkxsa chu ctko vkSjHkSal Mjh ixjk;A

2- v2- v2- v2- v2- v & ihNsa] ik¡NSa] fiNokjsa] fiNkjsa] fiNkjh & bl laca/k lwpd dk iz;ksxLFkku vkSj dky nksuksa ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA LFkku&okpd& jke ds ?kj ds ihNS¼fiNokM+Sa½ daqvk gSA dky&okpd& nks ?kjh ik¡Nsa@ihNsa vk tSgks rks dNw v¡/ksj uSa gkstSgsa] vkxs&ik¡Nsa dj Mkj gS] tks dkeA

c- c- c- c- c- ihNsa vkSj mlds :i ik¡Nsa dk iz;ksx izR;sd ds vFkZ esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gS]tSls & ?kj ihNSa ,d vkneh U;kSr fy;ksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 168

l-l-l-l-l- ihNSa vkSj mlds mDr :iksa dk iz;ksx fojks/k vFkok i{k ds vFkZ esa Hkh gksrk

gSA tSls& fojks/k& cs gek;s ihNSa ij x;s] fd ?kj ls Hkxk nksA i{k& cs vktknh ds

ihNSa] izku fuNkcj dj xbaA

3- Hkhrj3- Hkhrj3- Hkhrj3- Hkhrj3- Hkhrj & bl laca/k lwpd dk iz;ksx LFkku vkSj dky okpd nksuksa izdkj

ls gksrk gS] tSls & LFkku&okpd & xk¡o ds Hkhrj dksbZ ckr uba dj ldrA

dkyokpd & ,d ?k.Vs ds Hkhrj tks djusa gSA

4- Hkj&Hkj e4- Hkj&Hkj e4- Hkj&Hkj e4- Hkj&Hkj e4- Hkj&Hkj esa & bldk iz;ksx Hkh LFkkuokpd vkSj dkyokpd nksuksa :iksa esa

gksrk gSA tSls& LFkku okpd& 'kgj Hkjs esa <wM+r j;sA dky okpd& ?kjh Hkj pSu

ubZa feyr] ?k.Vk Hkj ds jLrk ns[k j;sA iy Hkj] iy Hkj esa dk ls dk gks xvksA

5- rd yk5- rd yk5- rd yk5- rd yk5- rd ykSa & v- bldk iz;ksx Hkh LFkku vkSj dky nksuksa ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA

tSls& LFkku&okpd& cM+s igkj yksa vksds [ksr gSaA ufn;k rd cxhpk cuckus gSA

dkyokpd& ge nks efguk rd dke djr j;s] vkf[kjh le; rd cks ekSM+k [kkSa ;kn

djr jvksA cldkjS ,s"kks dke dc ykSa py gSaA ykSa rks dke gksb tsgsA

c-c-c-c-c- dHkh&dHkh lkehI; ds vFkZ esa bldk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tSls& mudh dk dkuS]

mudh ikSap rks jktk rd gS] mu ykS ikSap ikoks ljy ubZa;k¡A mu ykSa dk ubZa;k¡A

l-l-l-l-l- bldk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh laiw.kZ ;k v'ks"k Hkh gksrk gSA tSls& pksj lc ywV

ys x;s] QwVh dkSM+h rd uba NksM+h] lcbZ rks feV x;ks] [kkus ykSa ubZa cpksA

6- Åij uSpSa6- Åij uSpSa6- Åij uSpSa6- Åij uSpSa6- Åij uSpSa & buls LFkku ds vfrfjDr& NqVkbZ] cM+kbZ dk Hkh vFkZ gksrk gSA

LFkku&okpd & ?kj ds Åij] ?kfV;k ds uSapSaA NqVkb&cM+kb & mrS lcds Åij ,d

lkgc gS] vkSj vksds uSapSa HkkSr vkneh dke djrA

7- ikl 7- ikl 7- ikl 7- ikl 7- ikl & LFkku ds vfrfjDr lehirk vkSj LokfeRo lwpd Hkh gSA tSls& [ksr

ds ikl ufn;k cgr gSA cs jktk ds ikl x;s rsA gek;s ikl HkkSr vukt gSA

8- flck; 8- flck; 8- flck; 8- flck; 8- flck; & vfr'k;rk vkSj fu"ks/k nksuksa ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA tSls&

larku ds flck; lsB ds ikl lc lq[k gSA jkew ds flck; tks dke dksbZ uS dj ldsA

flck; rqek; tks dk¡p dksÅ¡ ubZa rksM+ ldrA

9- ljh[kk9- ljh[kk9- ljh[kk9- ljh[kk9- ljh[kkS & ljh[kkS] tSlks vkSj lkS] dSlks ,d nwljs ds i;kZ;okph lerk ds

vFkZ ds |ksrd gSaA budk iz;ksx djus esa fyax] opu vkSj fo'ks"; ds vuqlkj ;s cny

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 169

tkrk gS vkSj foHkfDr izk;% ugha vkrhA tSls & ';keyky ikxy ljh[ks gks x;s gSaA

rqe ljh[kh dqyhu ukjh jcksa tks 'kksHkk u¡ nsrA vksdh cgw dSlha yxrA xksiky dks

'kjhj rks igkj lks gS] tSlks dje djgkSa dSlks Qy fey gSaA

10- fcuk10- fcuk10- fcuk10- fcuk10- fcuk & ;g laca/k lwpd tc d`nUrh; vO;; ds lkFk vkrk gS] rc

fØ;kfo'ks"k.k gks tkrk gSA tSls& fcuk dksbZ ckr dks >xjkA fcuk ot; ge mrS ub¡

tk ldrA

leqPp; cks/kdleqPp; cks/kdleqPp; cks/kdleqPp; cks/kdleqPp; cks/kd

,sls vfodkjh 'kCn tks fdlh 'kCn] okD;ka'k vFkok okD; dk laca/k nwljs 'kCn

;k okD;ka'k vFkok okD; ls djkrs gSa] mUgsa leqPp; cks/kd dgrs gSaA tSls& vkSj] rkS]

dk;s lSa] bZalsa ¼D;ksafd½ vkSj bZalsa ¼blfy;s½ vkfnA nks vkSj nks pkj gksr gSaA gfj;k vkSj

xqiky [ksr tksr gSaA fQj eSa [kkuk [kk ySagksaA baZlsa db rh dS mrS uSa tb;ksA oks ekSM+k

bZ lkys ikl ubZa gks ldr dk;s fd Åusa fcYdqybZ iM+kbZ ubZa djhA leqPp; cks/kd

vO;; ds izdkj& buds eq[; nks Hksn gSa & lekukf/kdj.k vkSj O;kf/kdj.kA

lekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kdlekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kdlekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kdlekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kdlekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd

,sls leqPp; cks/kd vO;; tks eq[; okD;ksa dks tksM+rs gSa] mUgsa lekukf/kdj.k

leqPp; cks/kd dgrs gSaA ;s pkj izdkj ds gksrs gSa & la;kstd] foHkktd] fojks/k n'kZd

vkSj ifj.kke n'kZdA

v- la;kstdv- la;kstdv- la;kstdv- la;kstdv- la;kstd & ,sls lekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn tks nks vFkok nks ls

vf/kd eq[; okD;ksa dk laxzg djrs gSa] mUgsa la;kstd cks/kd dgrs gSaA cqUnsyh esa

dsoy ^vkSj^ rFkk ^fQj^ dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSaA rFkk] vFkok ,oa vkfn dk ughaA tSls

& xqiky ds brS pkj ekuh dh [ksrh vkSj nks edku gSaA iSysa dke fuiVkvks] fQj [kkuk

[kkvksA ÅuSa fQj Å/ke epkvksaA

/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX; & leqPp; cks/kd vkSj dk iz;ksx &

d- nks fØ;kvksa dh ledkyhu ?kVukA

tSls & ckS ?kj lSa fudjks vkSj ÅuSa xkjh nbZaA

rudbZ nsj gks xbZ] rqekvks vkokS Hko vkSj Ådks tkokSA

geus Å[kkS dNw dbZ vkSj ck jksbZA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 170

[k- nks fo"k;ksa ds fuR; laca/kA

fpark uSa djks] vc rqe gks vkSj ge gSaA

vc rks [kql gks tkvks vkSj cgw dks eksapk;uk djksA

x- frjLdkj vFkok /kedh ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA

eksjs [ksr esa ik¡o /kjks] rks fQj rqe gkSa vkSj eSa gkSaA

rqe fQj ls bZa xyh esa fn[kkbZ n; vkSj geus rqekbZ /kqukbZa djhA

'kCnksa ds e/; vkSj la;kstd dk cgq/kk yksi gks tkrk gS vkSj rc os }Un lekl

ds :i esa fey tkrs gSaA tSls & rqe [kkSa vPNs cqj; dh ij[k vkt ykSa uSa HkbZA

lq[k&lq[k nScs ckjkS Hkxoku gSA vc eksgu cwM+kSa gks xvks] Åds gk¡r&ik¡o ub pyrA

c- foHkktd & c- foHkktd & c- foHkktd & c- foHkktd & c- foHkktd & ,sls leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn tks fdlh ,d dk xzg.k ;k nksuksa

dk R;kx lwfpr djrs gSa] mls foHkktd dgrs gSaA tSls&

dSdSdSdSdS dS jke] dS ';ke dksm pykS tSgSaA

; k; k; k; k; k vkt ;k dky ge mrS pys tSgSaA

pk,pk,pk,pk,pk, vkvks pk, uSa vkvks gesa dk djusA

u ku ku ku ku k uk ckS dke dju nSa] uk [kqn djgSA

uba lksÅuba lksÅuba lksÅuba lksÅuba lksÅ cnekl uba] pksj lksÅ gS] rqe lksÅ ijha vksadh

ckru esaA

ukrj] uba&rjukrj] uba&rjukrj] uba&rjukrj] uba&rjukrj] uba&rj rud tYnh djkS uba rj ¼ukrj½ xkM+h NwV tSgsA

d kd kd kd kd k dk ckjs dk cw<s+ lcb nq%[kh gSaA

uSauSauSauSauSa uSa ukSeu rsy gqb;s] uSa jk/kk up gSaA

eSa dksuÅ dh lqusa] uSa dksuÅ dks vknj djs cl eu

dks djrA

l- fojks/k n'kZd& l- fojks/k n'kZd& l- fojks/k n'kZd& l- fojks/k n'kZd& l- fojks/k n'kZd& ftu leqPp; cks/kd 'kCnksa ls f}rh; dFku ls igys

dFku dk fojks/k izdV gksrk gS] os fojks/k n'kZd lekukf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd dgs

tkrs gSaA

iS iS iS iS iS & vcykS ge lcjks dke fuiVk ysrs] iS rqek; Hkjksls j;s vk;sA

ckS i<+us esa gqfl;kj gSa] iS esur ubZa djrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 171

fgUnh esa fojks/k n'kZd 'kCnksa esa ijUrq] fdUrq] oju~] ysfdu dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]

ijUrq cqUnsyh esa dsoy ^iS dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

n- ifj.kke n'kZdn- ifj.kke n'kZdn- ifj.kke n'kZdn- ifj.kke n'kZdn- ifj.kke n'kZd

,sls leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn ftuls ;g lwfpr gksrk gS fd vkxs ds okD; dk

vFkZ fiNys okD; ds vFkZ dk Qy gS] mls ifj.kke n'kZd dgrs gSaA tSls &

bZlsabZlsabZlsabZlsabZlsa & gfj;k us [ksrh ds laxs [kwc eSur djh] bZlsa Qly vPNh HkbA

ckS Vs'ku nsj lsa ikSapks bZlsa xkM+h fudj xbZA

,slSa,slSa,slSa,slSa,slSa & ckS chekj grks ,slSa tknk py uba ikvksA

xqiky lhnks ij xo ,slS lc Åa[kksa nokÅrA

lklklklklk s & ufn;k p<+ xb] lks ge vksb ikj BSj x;srsA

?kj&?kj tkds pank ek¡xks] lks iSlk tknk¡ feyxo]

vc xus'k th dh cM~Mh ewfrZ vk tSgSaA

2- O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd2- O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd2- O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd2- O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd2- O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd

,sls leqPp; cks/kd vO;; 'kCn ftuls eq[; okD; esa ,d vFkok ,d ls

vfèkd vkfJr okD; tksM+rs gSa] mUgsa ^O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd^ dgrs gSaA buds

pkj izdkj gksrs gSa& dkj.k okpds] mn~ns'; okpd] ladsr okpd vkSj Lo:i okpdA

v- dkj.k okpdv- dkj.k okpdv- dkj.k okpdv- dkj.k okpdv- dkj.k okpd & ,sls O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn ftuls iwoZ okD;ksa

ds vFkZ ,oa dkj.k mRrj okD; ds vFkZ ls tkuk tk;s] mUgsa ^dkj.kokpd leqPp;

cksèkd^ dgrs gSaA

cqUnsyh ^dSa ^dk;lSa vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^fd^ dk iz;ksx blh :i esa gksrk gSA tSls &

dSdSdSdSdS & geuSa vks[kksa mrS tkos ,slsa euk djks rks dS] >xjk uS gks tk;sA

dk; lSa dk; lSa dk; lSa dk; lSa dk; lSa & eSa muds brS uSa tSgksa] dk; lSa muls gekb yjkb gSA eSa muds brsa

uSa tSgksa] dk;sa lSa rqeus mrS tkcS euk djh gSA

fd &fd &fd &fd &fd & ckS brS ,slSa vkvks gS] fd vksdks brS U;kSrks gSA

c- mn~ns'; okpdc- mn~ns'; okpdc- mn~ns'; okpdc- mn~ns'; okpdc- mn~ns'; okpd & ,sls O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn ftlds ihNs vkus

okyk 'kCn nwljs okD; dk mn~ns'; crykrk gS] mUgsa mn~ns'; okpd vO;; dgrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 172

cqUnsyh esa dS] tks vkSj bZlSa eq[; leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn gSaA tSls &

dSdSdSdSdS & ';ke dksa ctkj Hkstks rks dS] lkeku [kjhn Y;k gSA

tks &tks &tks &tks &tks & dSlks dke djsa tks brub¡ iSlksa esa C;kc gks tk;sA

bZlSa &bZlSa &bZlSa &bZlSa &bZlSa & geus vksds laxs ekSM+k ikSapk no] bZlSa fd cks jlrk uS Hkwy tk;A

/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;

1-1-1-1-1- tks ds LFkku ij th lSa dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA tSls& geus ?kj cM+kS cuck

yvks gS] th lSa lc tusa laxs js ldsaA tks >xjk vktbZ fuiVk no th lSa ckn eSa ckr

uSa c<+sA

2- 2- 2- 2- 2- tc mn~ns'; okpd okD; ds igys vkrk gS] rc mlds lkFk leqPp; cksèkd

vO;; ugha jgrk] ijUrq eq[; okD; ^bZlSa ls vkjEHk gksrk gSA tSls& rqe lks j;s rs]

bZlSa rqesa mBkc uSa grksA rqe dke eSa yxs grs] bZlSa ge ckgj nwj cSBs j;sA

l- ladsr okpdl- ladsr okpdl- ladsr okpdl- ladsr okpdl- ladsr okpd & ,sls O;kf/kdj.k okpd leqPp; cks/kd vO;; ftuls iwoZ

okD; esa of.kZr ?kVuk mRrj okD; dh ?kVuk dk ladsr feys] mUgsa ^ladsr^ okpd

leqPp; cks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaA bueSa tks] rkS] pk;s] iS] rkSÅ dk iz;ksx ,d Øe esa nksuksa

okD;ksa ds iwoZ gksrk gSA tSls &

tkS&rktkS&rktkS&rktkS&rktkS&rkS & tkS muds ikl cqf) uSa gksrh] rkS i<+rs dSlSaA

tks&rkstks&rkstks&rkstks&rkstks&rks & tks djrwr ykd gksrkS] rks dqtkusa dk djrksA

rkSÅ ¼rksŽ &rkSÅ ¼rksŽ &rkSÅ ¼rksŽ &rkSÅ ¼rksŽ &rkSÅ ¼rksŽ & tks rqe tksj yxS gkSa] rkSÅ ge tk ckr uS dj gSaA

pk;s&iS &pk;s&iS &pk;s&iS &pk;s&iS &pk;s&iS & pk;s fdRrbZ dS Mkfj;ksa iS ckS cslje dke uSa dj gSA rqe

pk;s fdRrubZ tksj yxk yb;ks] iS cks dke ub¡ cu ldrA

/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;/;ku nsus ;ksX;

1-1-1-1-1- ^tks dHkh&dHkh ^tc^ ds vFkZ esa vkrk gSA tSls& tks mu[kkSa [kqn lq/kub;k¡] lks vc lq/k djkcS ls dk Qk;nksA

2- 2- 2- 2- 2- pk;^ cgq/kk laca/k okpd loZuke] fo'ks"k.k ;k fØ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk vkdjmudh fo'ks"krk crykrk gS] vkSj iz;ksx ds vuqlkj cgq/kk fØ;k fo'ks"k.k gks tkrk gS]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 173

tSls& ¼d½ rqe vcS pk; ftRrks Å/ke dj ysvks] iS iM+kb esa rqekvks Å/ke uSa py gSA¼[k½ pk; ftRrS ik¡ouSa vk tk¡;sa] eks; dNw fpark uba;k¡A ¼x½ pk; ftRrh vPNh lwjrldy jb vk;s] iS ehBh cksyh ds fcuk lc csdkj gSA

3-3-3-3-3- dHkh&dHkh nqgjs iz;ksx ladsr okpd leqPp; cks/kd vO;;ksa esa ls fdlh,d dk yksi gks tkrk gSA tSls& dksÅ yk[k mik; djS] iS Hkkx fcuk lair ubZafeyrA dksÅ ryklh ysrkS] rks pksjh dks eky Å cfu;k ds ?kjS fey tkrksA

n- Lo:i okpdn- Lo:i okpdn- Lo:i okpdn- Lo:i okpdn- Lo:i okpd & ,sls O;kf/kdj.k leqPp; cks/kd vO;; ftlds }kjk tqM+sgq, 'kCnksa ;k okD;ksa esa ls igys 'kCn ;k okD; dk Lo:i ¼Li"Vhdj.k½ fiNys okD;;k 'kCn ls lwfpr gksrk gS] mUgsa ^Lo:i okpd^ dgrs gSaA tSls& dS] ekuks] tSlSaA

1- 1- 1- 1- 1- dS dk iz;ksx Lo:i lwpd leqPp; cks/kd dh jhfr ij izkjaHk ;k izLrkouklwfpr djus esa gksrk gSA tSls & iaMrth egjkt cksys dS vc dFkk vkjEHk gksr gSAckr tk gS] dS Å vkneh Hkjkslks djcS ykd ub¡;k¡A

2-2-2-2-2- tc vkfJr okD; eq[; okD; ds iwoZ iz;qDr gksrk gS] rc ^dS dk yksi gkstkrk gSA

/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk lokZf/kd l'kDr ek/;e Hkk"kk gS] ftldh ifj.kfrnks :iksa esa gksrh gS &

1- cksydj ¼/oU;kRed :i½ 2- fy[kdj ¼vafdr :i½A

cksydjcksydjcksydjcksydjcksydj & /ofu;ksa ds la;ksx ls Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] ftldk mi;ksxle{r vFkok izR;{k okrkZyki vFkok fopkj fofue; gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA bl fLFkfrdks Hkk"kk dk JO; :i Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA

fy[kdjfy[kdjfy[kdjfy[kdjfy[kdj & Hkk"kk dk /oU;kRed :i tc fdUgha fpà fo'ks"kksa dks /kkj.k djysrk gS] rks og v{kj vkSj o.kZ dgykus yxrs gSa] tks fd fyfi ds vk/kkj gSaA bl izdkjdh Hkk"kk;h fLFkfr fyf[kr] vafdr vFkok fpafàr dgh tk ldrh gSA

ewy /ofu;ksa dks O;Dr djus ds fy, vdkj^ og Loj fo'ks"k gS tks xys ls ,dfo'ks"k izdkj ls cksyrs le; fudyrk gSA fyf[kr Hkk"kk esa mls O;Dr djus ds fy,^v^ fpà dfYir fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ^v^ o.kZ vFkok v{kj dgykrk gSA v{kjksa dsfeyus ls 'kCn curs gSaA tSls ^jke^ 'kCn esa ^jk^ vkSj ^e^ dk feyu gSA

;FkkFkZ esa 'kCn /ofu;ksa dk og lcls NksVk laxzg gS] ftldk ,d fuf'pr vFkZ

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 174

gksrk gS vkSj ftlls dgus okyk] lquus okyk] fy[kus okyk ;k i<+us okyk fuf'pr vFkZ;k Hkko j[krk ;k le>rk gSA

fofHkUu 'kCnksa ¼inksa½ ds la;ksx ls okD; curk gSA tSls ¼ea=h xvks½ esa ea=h vkSjxvks bu nks 'kCnksa dk la;ksx gSA okD; ls ,d fopkj izdV gksrk gSA rc rd fopkjiwjk ugha gksrk] tc rd fdlh ds fo"k; esa dqN dgk u tk;sA ml 'kCn ;k in lewgls okD; ugha curk] ftlls ,d iwjk fopkj&izdV ugha gksrkA tSls& ehBh tkequ]dfj;k xb;k] rqe vius ?kj lsaA bu rhuksa mnkgj.kksa esa ,d&,d fopkj izdV ughagksrk] blls ;s okD; ugha dgykrsA

Hkk"kk esa vusd okD; lewgksa dk ;ksx jgrk gS] tks vusd fopkjksa dks dk;Z dkj.klfgr O;Dr djrs gSaA Hkk"kk esa fLFkjrk vkSj fu;a=.k gsrq O;kdj.k jph tkrh gSA blizdkj Hkk"kk fu;e fo:) ugha gksrh gSA O;kdj.k esa Hkk"kk jpuk] 'kCn O;qRifRr vkSjmuds 'kq) iz;ksx dk fu.kZ; gksrk gS] ftuds mfpr Kku ls ge Hkk"kk ds 'kq) :ils ifjfpr gksrs gSaA ekr`&Hkk"kk ds vfrfjDr vU; Hkk"kk dks lh[kus esa ml Hkk"kk dhO;kdj.k ls lgk;rk feyrh gSA

O;kdj.k esa Hkk"kk dk foospu fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa okD;ksa dk lewg gksrk gSAokD; 'kCn ls curs gSa vkSj 'kCn o.kksZa ls cuk;s tkrs gSaA blfy, O;kdj.k esa loZizFkeo.kZ&fopkj] 'kCn lk/ku vkSj okD;& foU;kl dks egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA

o.k Z&fopkjo.k Z&fopkjo.k Z&fopkjo.k Z&fopkjo.k Z&fopkj

o.kZ&fopkj esa o.kksZa ds vkdkj] mPpkj.k vkSj muds la;ksx ls 'kCn cukus dkfo/kku gksrk gSA o.kZ 'kCn dk og va'k gS] tks foHkkftr ugha gksrk vkSj ewy /ofu dksO;Dr djus ds fy, og vko';d gSA

tSls & b] v] d] e] cA

^dey^ 'kCn esa lk/kkj.k :i ls rhu /ofu;k¡ gSa & d] e] yA ijUrq buds [k.M

gks ldrs gSa] blls ;s ewy /ofu;k¡ ugha gSaA ewy /ofu;k¡ o.kZ ;k v{kj dgykrh gSaA

o.kksZa dk lewg o.kZekyk dgykrk gSA o.kZekyk esa nks izdkj ds o.kZ gksrs gSa& Loj vkSj

O;atuA

Loj &Loj &Loj &Loj &Loj & os /ofu;k¡ gS] ftudks Lora=rk ls mPpfjr dj ldrs gSaA ;s O;atuksa

ds mPpkj.k esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA tSls& v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks vkSj vkSA fgUnh

esa ^_^ dk mPpkj.k gS] ij cqUnsyh ds izkphu gLrfyf[kr xzaFkksa vkSj i=ksa esa ^_^ ds

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 175

LFkku ij ^fj^ gh fy[kk feyrk gSA blh izdkj ^ikfy^ vkSj ^izkdr^ esa Hkh ^_^ dk yksi

gqvk gSA

O;atuO;atuO;atuO;atuO;atu & mUgsa dgrs gSa] ftuds mPpkj.k esa Loj dh lgk;rk visf{kr gS

tSls& d] e] yA [kM+h cksyh fgUnh ds leku gh cqUnsyh Hkh nsoukxjh o.kZekyk esa

fy[kh tkrh gSA /;ku nsus dh ckr ;g gS fd nsoukxjh ds ^vuqLokj^ vkSj ^folxZ

cqUnsyh esa ugha feyrs gSaA cqUnsyh esa dgha&dgha vuqLojksa dk iz;ksx rks gksrk gS] ij

folxZ dk iz;ksx ugha feyrkA dsoy rRle 'kCnksa esa folxZ ;k vfLrRo laf/k ds

vuqlkj ifjofrZr :i esa feyrk gSA tSls & fujcy] fujèku] fujk/kkj vkfn esa ^fu^

ds folxZ dk jdkj esa ifjofrZr :i ik;k tkrk gSA

nsoukxjh o.kZekyk ds 'k] "k] l] {k] = vkSj K o.kksZa dk iz;ksx cqUnsyh esa

ifjfuf"Br lkfgfR;d fgUnh ls fHkUu :i esa gksrk gSA rkyO; vkSj ew/kZU; 'k~] "k~ dk

iz;ksx nUR; l~ ds :i esa gksrk gSA tSls& _f"k&fjlh] o"kkZ&cjlk] 'kfu&lfu] ^{k^

fo'ks"kr;k N^ esa =^ rj esa K^ X;k¡ esa cny tkrk gS & Nhj ¼{khj½] earj ¼ea=½] X;k¡u

¼Kku½ esa gSA

cqUnsyh esa iz;qDr laiw.kZ o.kZekyk bl izdkj gS &

LojLojLojLojLoj

v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkS

k] f] h] q] w] s] S] ks] kS

O;atuO;atuO;atuO;atuO;atu

1- d] [k] x] ?k] ³ 2- p] N] t] >] ¥

3- V] B] M] <] .k 4- r] Fk] n] /k] u

5- i] Q] c] Hk] e 6- ;] j] y] o] l] g

vuqLokj & a vuqukfld & ¡

o.kksZ a ds mPpkj.k LFkkuo.kksZ a ds mPpkj.k LFkkuo.kksZ a ds mPpkj.k LFkkuo.kksZ a ds mPpkj.k LFkkuo.kksZ a ds mPpkj.k LFkku

o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k LFkku dks le>us ds fy;s laLd`r O;kdj.k dks gh vk/kkj

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 176

cuk;k gSA vr% ^eq[k ds ftl Hkkx ls ftl o.kZ dk mPpkj.k gksrk gS] mls mu o.kksZa

dk mPpkj.k LFkku dgk tkrk gSA^

1- xys ls cksys tkus okys1- xys ls cksys tkus okys1- xys ls cksys tkus okys1- xys ls cksys tkus okys1- xys ls cksys tkus okys & ^vdqgfoltZuh;kuka d.B%^1

v] vk] d] [k] x] ?k] M+ vkSj g ;s lHkh d.B ls cksys tkrs gSa] bUgsa d.B~;^

Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

2- rkyq ls cksys tkus okys2- rkyq ls cksys tkus okys2- rkyq ls cksys tkus okys2- rkyq ls cksys tkus okys2- rkyq ls cksys tkus okys & ^bpq;'kkuka rkyq 2

b] bZ] p] N] t] >] ¥] ;s lHkh o.kZ rkyw ij thHk yxus ls cksys tkrs gSaA

blh ls bUgsa ^rkyO;^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA cqUnsyh esa rkyO; ^'k^ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk

gSA

3- ew/kkZ ls cksys tkus okys 3- ew/kkZ ls cksys tkus okys 3- ew/kkZ ls cksys tkus okys 3- ew/kkZ ls cksys tkus okys 3- ew/kkZ ls cksys tkus okys & ^_Vqj"kk.kka ew/kkZ 3

V] B] M] <] .k vkSj j ew/kkZ ¼rkyw ds Åijh fgLls½ ij thHk yxus ls cksys

tkrs gSa] blls bUgsa ^ew/kZU;^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA cqUnsyh esa ew/kZU; Loj _ vkSj "k dk

iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA

4- nk¡rksa ij thHk ds vk?kkr ls cksys tkus okys 4- nk¡rksa ij thHk ds vk?kkr ls cksys tkus okys 4- nk¡rksa ij thHk ds vk?kkr ls cksys tkus okys 4- nk¡rksa ij thHk ds vk?kkr ls cksys tkus okys 4- nk¡rksa ij thHk ds vk?kkr ls cksys tkus okys & ^y`rqylkuka nUrk%^4

r] Fk] n] /k] u] y vkSj lA Åij ds nk¡rksa ls thHk yxus ls mPpfjr gksrs

gSaA blls bUgsa ^nUR;^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

5- vks"B ls cksys tkus oky5- vks"B ls cksys tkus oky5- vks"B ls cksys tkus oky5- vks"B ls cksys tkus oky5- vks"B ls cksys tkus okys & ^miqi/ekuh;kuka vks"BkS 5

m] Å] i] Q] c] e vkSj Hk nksuksa vksBksa ds la;ksx ls cksys tkrs gSaA blh dkj.k

bUgsa ^vks"B~;^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

6- ukfldk ;k ukd ls cksys tkus okys6- ukfldk ;k ukd ls cksys tkus okys6- ukfldk ;k ukd ls cksys tkus okys6- ukfldk ;k ukd ls cksys tkus okys6- ukfldk ;k ukd ls cksys tkus okys & ^´e³.kukuka ukfldk p^6

³~] .k~] u~ vkSj e~ rFkk vuqLokj eq[k vkSj ukfldk ls cksys tkrs gSaA bUgsa

^vuqukfld^ dgrs gSaA

7- xyk vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkus okys7- xyk vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkus okys7- xyk vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkus okys7- xyk vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkus okys7- xyk vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkus okys & ^,nSrks daBrkyw 7

,] ,s d.B vkSj rkyq ls cksys tkrs gSa] blls bUgsa ^d.BrkyO;^ Hkh dgk

tkrk gSA

8- xyk ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys 8- xyk ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys 8- xyk ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys 8- xyk ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys 8- xyk ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys & ^vksnkSrks d.Bks"B~e^8

vks vkSj vkS d.B vkSj vksaBksa ls cksys tkrs gSaA bUgsa d.Bks"B~;e~ dgk tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 177

9- nk¡r ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus oky9- nk¡r ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus oky9- nk¡r ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus oky9- nk¡r ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus oky9- nk¡r ,oa vks"B ls cksys tkus okys & ^odkjL;nUrks"B~;e~ 9

^o^ nUrks"B~;^ gS] D;ksafd blds mPpkj.k esa nk¡rksa vkSj vksBksa dk la;ksx gksrkgSA bldk iz;ksx cqUnsyh esa ugha gSA blds LFkku ij ^c* dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

o.kZ mPpkj.k ds iz;Ruo.kZ mPpkj.k ds iz;Ruo.kZ mPpkj.k ds iz;Ruo.kZ mPpkj.k ds iz;Ruo.kZ mPpkj.k ds iz;Ru

o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k ds iz;Ruksa dks ¼vH;Urj ,oa okg~; :i esa½ okd~ bfUnz; dhfØ;k dks /;ku esa j[kdj nks izdkj dk ekuk x;k gSA ;Fkk & vkH;arj vkSj ckg~;A

¼v½ vkH;arj iz;Ru ¼v½ vkH;arj iz;Ru ¼v½ vkH;arj iz;Ru ¼v½ vkH;arj iz;Ru ¼v½ vkH;arj iz;Ru

/ofu mRiUu gksus ds iwoZ okfxfUnz; dh fØ;k dks vkH;arj iz;Ru dgrs gSaAvkH;arj iz;Ru ds vuqlkj o.kZ pkj izdkj ds gksrs gSaA 1- foo`r ¼foLr`r [kqyk gqvk½A2- bZ"kr~ foor ¼fdafpr~ [kqyk gqvk½ 3- Li"V ¼ladqfpr can½ vkSj 4- bZ"kr~ Li"V ¼fdafprladqfpr½A

1- foo`r1- foo`r1- foo`r1- foo`r1- foo`r & os o.kZ gSa] ftuds mPpkj.k esa okd~ bfUnz; [kqyh jgrh gSaA foo`ro.kksZa dk foo`r iz;Ru gksrk gS] tSls & v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] vkSA

2- bZ"kr~ foo`r2- bZ"kr~ foo`r2- bZ"kr~ foo`r2- bZ"kr~ foo`r2- bZ"kr~ foo`r & os o.kZ dgykrs gSa] ftuds mPpkj.k esa okd~&bfUnz; fdafpr[kqyh jgrh gSA bUgsa vUrLFk Hkh dgrs gSa] tSls& ;] j] yA

3- Li`"V 3- Li`"V 3- Li`"V 3- Li`"V 3- Li`"V & os o.kZ dgykrs gSa] ftu o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k esa okd~bfUnz; dk }kjladqfpr jgrk gSA d^ oxZ vkfn ik¡pksa oxksZa ds iPphl O;atu o.kZ Li`"V dgykrs gSaA

4- bZ"kr~ Li`"V4- bZ"kr~ Li`"V4- bZ"kr~ Li`"V4- bZ"kr~ Li`"V4- bZ"kr~ Li`"V &os o.kZ dgykrs gSa] ftu o.kksZa dk mPpkj.k okd~ bfUnz; dsdqN can jgus ij gh gksrk gSA buds mPpkj.k esa ,d izdkj dk ?k"kZ.k gksus ds dkj.k;s Å"e dgykrs gSaA cqUnsyh esa ^l^ vkSj ^V^ Å"e o.kZ gSaA

¼c½ ckg~; iz;Ru¼c½ ckg~; iz;Ru¼c½ ckg~; iz;Ru¼c½ ckg~; iz;Ru¼c½ ckg~; iz;Ru

/ofu mRiUu gksus dh lekiu fØ;k dks ckg~; iz;Ru dgrs gSaA ckg~; iz;Ruds vkèkkj ij o.kksZa ds nks Hksn ekus x;s gSa & ?kks"k vkSj v?kks"kA

1- ?kks"k1- ?kks"k1- ?kks"k1- ?kks"k1- ?kks"k & o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k esa ukn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ik¡pksa oxksZa ds r`rh;vkSj prqFkZ o.kZ vuqukfld o.kZ rFkk vUrLFk o.kksZa vkSj Lojksa dks ?kks"k dgrs gSa tSls& x] ?k] t] >] V] B] M] <] n] /k] c] Hk] ³] ¥] .k] u] e] ;] j] y] o] v] vk] b]bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 178

2- v?kks"k o.kZ2- v?kks"k o.kZ2- v?kks"k o.kZ2- v?kks"k o.kZ2- v?kks"k o.kZ & o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k esa dsoy 'okl dk mi;ksx gksrk

gSA d^ oxZ vkfn ik¡pksa oxksZa ds igys vkSj nwljs o.kZ rFkk l^ vkSj g^ v?kks"k dgykrs

gSaA tSls & d] [k] p] N] V] B] r] Fk] i] Q] l vkSj gA

ckg~; iz;Ru ds vk/kkj ij o.kksZa ds nks Hksn ekus x;s gSa & vYiizk.k vkSj

egkizk.kA

ftu o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k esa Vdkj dh /ofu fo'ks"k :i ls lquk;h iM+rh gS] mUgsa

^egkizk.k^ dgrs gSaA 'ks"k o.kkZsa dks ^vYiizk.k^ dgk tkrk gSA izR;sd o.kZ ds nwljs vkSj

pkSFks o.kZ dks rFkk Å"e dks egkizk.k dgrs gSaA izR;sd o.kZ ds igys] rhljs rFkk ik¡posa

o.kZ rFkk vUrLFk dks vYiizk.k dgrs gSaA tSls&

egkizk.kegki zk.kegki zk.kegki zk.kegki zk.k vYiizk.kvYiizk.kvYiizk.kvYiizk.kvYiizk.k

[k] ?k d] x] ³

N] > p] t] ¥

B] < V] M] .k

Fk] /k r] n] u

Q] Hk i] c] e

l] g ;] j] y] o

/;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd laiw.kZ Loj vYiizk.k gSaA egkizk.kksa esa vYiizk.kksa dh

vis{kk izk.kok;q dk mi;ksx vf/kd JeiwoZd djuk iM+rk gSA egkizk.k o.kkZsa ls [k] >]

B] ?k] Q ds mPpkj.k esa muds iwoZorhZ oxZ & o.kZ ds lkFk gdkj dh /ofu feyh gqbZ

gSA tSls & [k ¼d$g½] > ¼t$g½] ?k ¼x$g½] Q ¼i$g½A

1- ew/kZU;1- ew/kZU;1- ew/kZU;1- ew/kZU;1- ew/kZU; & mPpkj.k fuEufyf[kr LFkkuksa esa gksrs gSa& ¼v½ 'kCn ds vkfn esa

tSls& Me#] MksjkA ¼c½ f}Ro esa tSls & yV~Bk] fxV~VhA ¼l½ g`Lo Loj ds i'pkr~

vuqukfld O;atu ds la;ksx esa tSls & MaM] Mk¡VA

2- Li`"V2- Li`"V2- Li`"V2- Li`"V2- Li`"V & mPpkj.k ftg~ok dk vxz Hkkx mYVkdj mls ew/kkZ esa yxkus ls

gksrk gSA f}Li`"V mPpkj.k izk;% fuEufyf[kr LFkkuksa esa gksrk gS& ¼v½ 'kCn ds e/;

esa ;k var esa tSls& xM+jk] gVcks] HkM+dA ¼c½ nh?kZ Loj ds i'pkr~ vuqukfld O;atu

ds la;ksx ls nksuksa mPpkj.k fodYi ls gksrs gSa] tSls& ewM+uksa] lk¡B] xk¡BA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 179

o.kZ Hksno.kZ Hksno.kZ Hksno.kZ Hksno.kZ Hksn

o.kZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa& Loj vkSj O;atuA buesa ls izR;sd ds eq[; foHkkx

fuEufyf[kr gSa &

Loj&HksnLoj&HksnLoj&HksnLoj&HksnLoj&Hksn &mRifRr ds vuqlkj Lojksa ds nks izdkj ekus tkrs gSa& ewy Loj

vkSj lafèk LojA

1- ewy Loj1- ewy Loj1- ewy Loj1- ewy Loj1- ewy Loj & ewy Loj os gSa] ftudh mRifRr vU; Lojksa ds esy ls ugha gksrh]

tSls & v] bZ] Å

2- laf/k Loj2- laf/k Loj2- laf/k Loj2- laf/k Loj2- laf/k Loj & laf/k Loj os gSa] ftudh mRifRr nwljs Lojksa ds esy ls gksrh

gSA ;s nks izdkj ds gS & nh?kZ Loj vkSj la;qDr LojA

nh?kZ Lojnh?kZ Lojnh?kZ Lojnh?kZ Lojnh?kZ Loj &os gSa ftudh mRifRr mlh o.kZ esa mlh o.kZ dh /ofu ds esy ls

gksrh gSaA cqUnsyh esa ;s ewy Lojksa ds leku rhu gSa& vk] bZ] ÅA

la;qDr Loj & os gSa] ftudh mRifRr fHkUu Loj ds esy ls gksrh gSA ;s pkj

gSa& , ¼v$bZ½] vkS ¼v&m½] ,s ¼v$,½ vkSj ¼v$ÅA

¼v½ ^,^ vkSj ^vkS^ ds ^vbZ vkSj ^vm^ fyf[kr :i esa Hkh feyrs gSaA

¼c½ g`Lo] nh?kZ rFkk la;qDr Loj i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ /ofu;k¡ gSaA tSls& fnu vkSj

nhuA buds dkjk :i esa gh ugha vfirq vFkZ esa Hkh i;kZIr varj vk tkrk gSA tSls&

ij ¼ia[k½ g`Lo Loj] ikj ¼nwljk rV½] nh?kZ Loj vkSj ikSj la;qDr LojA blh izdkj

isjcks ¼d"V igq¡pkuk½] iSjcks ¼rSjuk ;k ifguuk½ ikSj ¼?kj ds lEeq[k dk Hkkx½] iksj

¼,d xk¡B ls nwljh xk¡B rd dk xUus vFkok ck¡l dk Hkkx½ la;qDr Loj esa Hkh ;gh

ckr gSA irk vkSj iRrk ,oa xyk vkSj xYyk esa la;qDr Loj gksus ls :i vkSj vFkZ esa

i;kZIr varj vk tkrk gSA

¼l½ cqUnsyh esa ^,^ vkSj ^,s ds chp esa ,d e/; Loj ^,sa dh Hkh mifLFkfr gS]

tks csy] cSB vkSj iSrh mPpkj.k Hksn esa Li"V gSA blh izdkj ^vks vkSj ^vkS^ ¼vo½ dh

Hkh /ofu gS] tks dksyw] ekSr tks ds mPpkj.kHksn esa Li"V gSA

¼n½ blds vfrfjDr cqUnsyh esa izR;sd Loj ds vuqukfld :i izkIr gksrs gSaA

vuqukfld Loj esa gh yhu gqvk jgrk gS] mldh vuqLokj ds leku i`Fkd~ lRrk ugha

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 180

gksrh] vkSj mldk mPpkj.k Loj ds lkFk gh la;qDr Loj esa ,d gh dky esa gks tkrk

gSA g`Lo Loj esa vuqukfld g`Lo vkSj nh?kZ Loj esa nh?kZ gksxkA ;gk¡ mnkgj.k lfgr

vuqukfld Loj fn;s tk jgs gSa &

v¡ v¡xksBk Å¡ Å¡V] Å¡xr] Å¡us

vk¡ vk¡ojksa ,¡ lsanwj] esa] lsa] usa

b¡ b¡Uus] b¡n;kjks ,sa [kSp¡cksa] cSp¡cksa

b¡ b¡xqj vk¡ vksxu

m¡ m¡xfj;k vk¡ ek¡M+k

O;atu HksnO;atu HksnO;atu HksnO;atu HksnO;atu Hksn & O;atu rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa & Li'kZ] Å"e vkSj vUrLFkA

1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu & os gSa] tks daB vkSj rkyq vkfn LFkku dks Nwdj cksys tkrs

gSaA nsoukxjh o.kZekyk esa ^d^ ^l^ ^e^ rd ik¡pksa oxZ ds iPPkhl O;atu Li'kZ gSaA ^d^

oxZ ^p^ oxZ ^V^ oxZ ^r^ oxZ vkSj ^i^ oxZ dgykrs gSaA ;s oxZ mPpkj.k LFkkuksa dks

/;ku esa j[kdj dgs x;s gSaA

laLd`r dh fuEufyf[kr lwfDr ls Li'kZ O;atuksa dk Lo:i vPNh rjg Li"V

gksrk gS& ^dkn;ksekolku% Li'kkZ%^10 ¼d ls izkjaHk ,oa e ij var gksus okys½ Li'kZ

O;atu bl izdkj gSa&

1- d oxZ & bl oxZ ds O;atuksa g ,oa folxZ dk mPpkj.k daB ls gksrk gSA

2- p oxZ & bl oxZ ds O;atuksa ; vkSj 'k dk mPpkj.k rkyq ls gksrk gS&

bpq;'kkuka rkyw%A

3- V oxZ & bl oxZ ds O;atuksa _] j vkSj "k dk mPpkj.k LFkku ew/kkZ

gS& _Vqj"kk.kke~ ew/kkZ%A

4- r oxZ & bu O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k nUr dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tkrk

gS& y`rqylkuka nUrk%A

5- i oxZ & bu O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k vkS"Bk dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tkrk

gS& miqi/;kekuh;kuke~vkS"BkSA

bl izdkj fofHkUu oxksZa dh rkfydk fuEufyf[kr Øe esa curh gS &

1- d oxZ & d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] ³~2- p oxZ & p~] N~] t~] >~] ¥

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 181

3- V oxZ & V~] B~] M~] <~] .k~4- r oxZ & r~] Fk~] n~] /k~] u~5- i oxZ & i~] Q~] c~] Hk~] e~

egf"kZ ikf.kfu us vius o.kZ foospu esa LFkku Hksn ls O;atuksa dk oxhZdj.k udjds iz;Ru Hksn vYiizk.k vkSj egkizk.k ds vuqlkj fd;k gS] tSls &

1- ¥~] e~] M~] .k~] u~] ;~ ¼vuqukfld vYiizk.k½2- >~] Hk~] ?k~] <~] /k~ ¼oxhZ; egkizk.k½3- t~] c~] x~] M~] <~ ¼oxhZ; vYiizk.k½4- [k~] Q~] N~] B~] Fk~ ¼oxhZ; egkizk.k½5- p~] V~] r~] d~] p~ ¼oxhZ; vYiizk.k½

bl oxhZdj.k esa vuqukfld vYiizk.k] prqFkZ O;atuksa dk egkizk.k] r`rh;O;atuksa dk vYiizk.k f}rh; O;atuksa dk egkizk.k vkSj izFke O;atuksa dk vYiizk.k oxZysdj ik¡p oxZ fd;s x;s gSaA

y?kqfl)kardkSeqnh esa buds lw= ;s gSa &

^oxkZ.kka izFke r`rh; iapek;.k'pkYikizk.kk%^^oxkZ.kka f}rh;prqFkkS 'ky'p egkizk.kk%^

mi;qZDr O;atu ;FkkFkZ esa iz;Ru ds vuqlkj rhu foHkkxksa esa vk tkrs gSa &

¼v½ vYiizk.k &d~] p~] n~] r~] i~] x~] t~] M~] <~] c~A¼c½ egkizk.k & [k~] N~] B~] Fk~] Q~] ?k~] >~] <~] /k] Hk~A¼l½ vuqukfld vYiizk.k & ³~] ¥~] .k~] u~] e~A

2- Å"e O;atu2- Å"e O;atu2- Å"e O;atu2- Å"e O;atu2- Å"e O;atu & Li'kZ vkSj Å"e ds chp okys ;~] j~] y~] o~ oxZ vUrLFkO;atu dgykrs gSaA budk mPpkj.k Loj vkSj O;atu dk e/;orhZ lk gksrk gS] ;FkkFkZesa ;s Loj vkSj O;atu ds vUr%fLFkr :i esa gSaA blh ls fgUnh esa ^dks;^ ds LFkku ij^dksbZ izpfyr gSA cqUnsyh esa ;~] j~] y~] o~ esa ls ^;~ vkSj ^o~ dks izk;% t~ vkSj c~ esaifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& ;equk&tequk] ;e&te] oLrq&cLrq] oj&cj]oV&cV] ok;q&ck;qA

mDr rhuksa izdkj ds O;atu o.kZekyk ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 182

1- Li'kZ& d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] ³~ ¼d oxZ½

p~] N~] t~] >~] ¥~ ¼p oxZ½

V~] B~] M~] <] .k~ ¼V oxZ½

r~] Fk~] n~] /k~] u~ ¼r oxZ½

i~] Q] c~] Hk~] e~ ¼i oxZ½

2- Å"e & l~] g~A

3- vUrLFk & ;~] j~] y~A

mPpkj.k Hksn ls o.kksZa ds nks Hksn vkSj gSa & lkuqukfld vkSj fujuqukfldA

1- lkuqukfld o.kZ1- lkuqukfld o.kZ1- lkuqukfld o.kZ1- lkuqukfld o.kZ1- lkuqukfld o.kZ& os gSa ftuds mPpkj.k eq[k vkSj ukfldk ls gksrk gS

tSls& u~ vkSj e~A

2- fujuqukfld o.k2- fujuqukfld o.k2- fujuqukfld o.k2- fujuqukfld o.k2- fujuqukfld o.kZ & ftudk mPpkj.k dsoy eq[k ls gksrk gS] tSls& v] bZ] d~]

[k~] xA izR;sd oxZ dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ lkuqukfld jgrk gS] tSls & M~] ¥] .k~] u~] e~A

vUrLFk vkSj Å"e ds lkFk lkuqukfld O;atu dk dk;Z vuqLokj ls fudyrk

gS] tSls& 'kM~dj&ladj] lUnsg&lansg] lEcU/k&laca/kA

;|fi vuqLokj dks oS;kdj.k i`Fkd /ofu ekurs gSa] dsoy ³~] ¥~] .k~] u~ vkSj e~

LFkkukiUu /ofu gSA

vuqLokj Loj ls i`Fkd gSaA ^vaxwj^ esa ^v^ Loj dh /ofu ds ihNs ds Loj dk

mPpkj.k gksrk gSA izFke d.B ls fQj ukfldk lsA Loj ds vUrj tkus ds dkj.k ;g

vuqLokj dgk tkrk gSA ^v^ vuqLokj gSA vuqukfld dh i`Fkd~ lRrk ugha jgrh gSA

og Loj esa yhu gqvk jgrk gS] tSls& v¡xwBh esa ^v^ Loj gh dky esa gks tkrk gSA

blh ls ;g vuqukfld dgykrk gSA g`Lo Loj esa vuqukfld ds jgus ls g`Lo Loj

Hkh nh?kZ gh ekuk tkrk gS] tSls& dai esa ^d^ gLo u gksdj nh?kZ gSA ^d^ ls la;qDr

vuqLokj ^v~ dk mPpkj] ukfldk esa iFkd gksrk gSA

cqUnsyh esa folxZ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA ;Fkk eu% dk eu gh jgrk gSA

fu%jl&uhjl] fu%cy&fucZy ;k fujcy :i esa vkrs gSa] ftlesa folxZ jdkj esa

ifjofrZr :i esa jgrk gS] ij lkFk gh fucy^ tSls :i Hkh izpfyr gSa] ftlesa folxZ

dk iz;ksx ugha gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 183

Lojk?kkrLojk?kkrLojk?kkrLojk?kkrLojk?kkr

fdlh 'kCn ds mPpkj.k esa izR;sd v{kj ij Loj dk tks vk?kkr yxrk gS] mlsLojk?kkr dgrs gSaA cqUnsyh esa dqN fo'ks"k LFkkuksa esa gh Lojk?kkr ds dkj.k dqN varjvkrk gS] ftuds fu;e fuEufyf[kr gSa &

1- vdkjkUr 'kCnksa ds var esa v^ dk mPpkj.k ugha gksrk vkSj vafre o.kZ gyUrds leku cksyk ;k i<+k tkrk gS] tSls& jkr] fnu] ?ku] ckxA

viokn % ,dkjkUrjh 'kCn tSls& u^ vkfn la;qDr vaR;k{kj ds var tSls& bUnzvkfn vkSj b] bZ vFkok Å ds vkxs ;s ^;^ tSls& lh;] fi; vkfn ds vUR; ^v^ dkmPpkj.k gksrk gSA

2- vdkjkUr jfgr rhu v{kjksa ds 'kCnksa ds nwljs vdkjkUr oxZ vkSj pkj v{kjksads 'kCnksa ds rhljs vdkjkUr oxZ dk c^ ugha cksyk tkrk gS vkSj ml o.kZ dk mPpkj.kgyUr ds leku fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& >xM+k] dqdjk] ewj[krkA

3- pkj v{kjksa ds vdkjkUr 'kCn dk nwljk oxZ vkfn vdkjkUr gks rks ^v^ dkmPpkj.k gksrk gSA tSls & nqjcy] pViV] uV[kV] csj&csjA ;kSfxd 'kCnksa ds ewyvo;oksa ds vUR; v^ dk ugha gksrk] tSls & nsoyksd~] yM+diu~ vkfnA 'kCn ds vkfno.kZ dk ^v^ lnk mPpfjr gksrk gS] tSls& de] diM+k] cdjh] etkA

4- ;fn 'kCn ds var esa viw.kZrk ls mPpfjr ^v^ vk;s] rks mlds iwoZorhZ v{kjij vk?kkr iM+rk gS] tSls& vucu] igkj] cs/kM+d] fnuHkjA

5- la;qDr O;atu ds iwoZorhZ o.kZ ij vk?kkr iM+rk gS] tSls& gYyk] xYyksA

6- vuqPpfjr vdkjkUr okys o.kZ ds iwokZ{kj dk Loj cksyus esa ru tkrk gS]vFkkZr~ ml ij LoHkkfod mPpkj.k dh vis{kk dqN vf/kd tksj iM+rk gS] tSls&cksydj] grs] yksdA

7- ,s vkSj vkS^ dk mPpkj.k rRle laLd`r 'kCnksa esa vkSj BsB cqUnsyh 'kCnksa esafHkUu izdkj ls ik;k tkrk gSA laLd`r esa ,s vkSj vkS dk mPpkj.k fyf[kr :ikuqlkjgh gS] ij izk;% ^,^ dk mPpkj.k ^v;^ vkSj ^vkS dk mPpkj.k vo] ds leku gksrkgS] tSls & dSlks] pkSFksA

8- lEcU/k dkjd dh foHkkftr izR;; ^dh^ vkSj fØ;k ds lkekU;Hkwr ds

L=hfyax ,dopu ds :i dh^ ds mPpkj.k esa Hkh varj gSA foHkkftr dh^ ds mPpkj.k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 184

dh vis{kk fØ;k ds :i ^dh^ dk mPpkj.k fo'ks"k Lojk?kkr ds lkFk gksrk gSA

9- cqUnsyh esa ^v^ la;qDr o.kZ dk mPpkj.k X;¡ ds leku gksrk gSA

10- cqUnsyh ds vdkjkUr 'kCn] ftuesa O;atu ds ihNs ldkj jgrk gS] Lojk?kkr

ds dkj.k vdkj dk yksi gksus ls O;atukar ekus tk ldrs gS] tSls& Qwy] txr~]

igkj] ukFk] tgkt] [kkV] ikVA

/ofu fodkj/ofu fodkj/ofu fodkj/ofu fodkj/ofu fodkj

^LFkku vkSj le; ds ifjorZu ls 'kCn vkSj /ofu esa Hkh ifjorZu vk tkrk gS]

bls /ofu fodkj dgrs gSaA^ blls /ofu dk okLrfod Lo:i vR;f/kd ifjorZu gks

tkrk gSA lkekU; cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa izkphu laLd`r :i dks NksM+dj ifjofrZr

fodkjh :i gh vf/kd izpfyr jgrk gSA /ofu fodkj ds eq[; dkj.k nks gSa&

vkH;Urj dkj.k vkSj ckg~; dkj.kA

1- vkH;Urj dkj.kksa esa & ¼v½ eq[k&lq[k ¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k ¼l½ ekufld

v;ksX;rk ¼n½ cksy&pky esa 'kh?kzrk vkfn gSaA

¼v½ eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr¼v½ eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr¼v½ eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr¼v½ eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr¼v½ eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr

vusd /ofu;ksa dk yksi eq[k&lq[k dh izo`fRr ds dkj.k gksrk gS] vkSj muesa

u;h èofu;k¡ fey tkrh gSa] tSls & i'pkÙkki&iNrkck] vkMZj&vkMjA

¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k¼c½ viw.kZ vuqdj.k

mPpkj.k esa viw.kZ vuqdj.k ls Hkh o.kZ ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA ftl izdkj ds

mPpkj.k dk vH;kl ,d LFkku ;k O;fDr dks gksrk gS] oSlk izk;% nwljs LFkku ;k nwljs

O;fDr dks ugha gksrkA Hkze ds LFkku ij Hkje vkSj deZ ds LFkku ij dje rFkk LVs'ku

ds LFkku ij Vs'ku ;k oS| ds LFkku ij cSn blh ds ifj.kke gSaA xqIr ls xqIrk] feJ

ls feljk vkfn blh ls curs gSaA

¼l½ ekufld v;ksX;rk¼l½ ekufld v;ksX;rk¼l½ ekufld v;ksX;rk¼l½ ekufld v;ksX;rk¼l½ ekufld v;ksX;rk

tulk/kkj.k] Hkk"kk ds lgt izokg dh vksj izo`Rr gksrk gS] vkSj f'k{kk rFkk

laLdkj ds dkj.k muds }kjk iz;qDr Hkk"kk esa /ofu&fodkj gks tkrk gSA laLd`r ls

orZeku fgUnh vkSj mldh miHkk"kk cqUnsyh vkfn esa tks ifjorZu gq, gSa] os blds

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 185

ifj.kke gSaA izkUrh; cksfy;ksa esa blds dkj.k gksus okyh fod`r /ofu;k¡] dkykUrj esa

cM+k fHkUu :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gSaA

n- cksypky esa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.kn- cksypky esa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.kn- cksypky esa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.kn- cksypky esa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.kn- cksypky esa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.k

cksypky esaa 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.k Hkh /ofu;ksa esa fo'ks"k ifjorZu gks tkrk gS] tSls&

ekLVj lkgc&ekLlkc vkSj iafMrth ds LFkkj ij i.MTth vkfnA

/ofu fodkj ds izdkj/ofu fodkj ds izdkj/ofu fodkj ds izdkj/ofu fodkj ds izdkj/ofu fodkj ds izdkj & vk/kqfud Hkk"kk foKku us bl fo"k; dk oSKkfud

foospu djrs gq, fuEufyf[kr lkr izdkj ls iznf'kZr fd;s gSa &

1- lehdj.k ;k lo.khZdj.k & ASSIMILATION

2- fo"kehdj.k & DISSIMILATION

3- izkxqitu & PRETHESIS

4- LojHkfDr & ANAPTYXIS

5- Lojyksi & SYNCEPE

6- v{kjyksi & HAPELEGY

7- o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z; & METATHESIS

lehdj.k ;k oxhZdj.klehdj.k ;k oxhZdj.klehdj.k ;k oxhZdj.klehdj.k ;k oxhZdj.klehdj.k ;k oxhZdj.k & nks o.kksZa ds ikl vkus ij tc ,d igyk o.kZ]

nwljs o.kZ ls izHkkfor gksdj mlls feyrk gS ;k oSlk gh gks tkrk gS] rc lehdj.kekuk tkrk gSA ;g nks rjg ls gksrk gS &

¼v½ iqjksxkeh & PROGRESSIVE

¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh & REGRESSIVE

¼v½ iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k¼v½ iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k¼v½ iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k¼v½ iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k¼v½ iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k & tgk¡ ijorhZ o.kZ iwoZorhZ ds leku gks tkrk gS]og iqjksxkeh loxhZdj.k gS] tSls & pØ dk pDdA

¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh & tgk¡ iwoZorhZ o.kZ ijorhZ ds leku gks tkrk gS] ogi'pkn~xkeh loxhZdj.k gS] tSls& oYdy dk cDdy] nqX/k dk nq)] g{kq dk m[[kq¼Å[k½A

fo"kehdj.kfo"kehdj.kfo"kehdj.kfo"kehdj.kfo"kehdj.k & nks o.kksZa ds ikl vkus ij mPpkj.k dh vlqfo/kk gksus ls] muesals ,d o.kZ ds cny tkus ls] os ijLij fo"ke gks tkrs gSaA ;g fo"kehdj.k dgykrkgSA ;g Hkh nks izdkj ls gksrk gS] tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 186

¼v½ iqjksxkeh fo"kehdj.k¼c½ i'pkn~xkeh fo"kehdj.k

izkxqituizkxqituizkxqituizkxqituizkxqitu & la;qDr O;atuksa ls izkjaHk gksus okys 'kCnksa esa dHkh&dHkh mPpkj.klqfoèkk gksus ds dkj.k] vkfn esa ,d Loj dks mitu ;k vkxe gks tkrk gSA tSls&Lrqfr&vLrqfr] Luku&vlukuA

LojHkfDr ;k foid"kZLojHkfDr ;k foid"kZLojHkfDr ;k foid"kZLojHkfDr ;k foid"kZLojHkfDr ;k foid"kZ & la;qDr O;atuksa ls izkjaHk gksus okys 'kCnksa esa tcmPpkj.k lqfo/kk ds dkj.k 'kCn ds chp esa fdlh Loj ;k Loj Hkkx dk vkxe gkstkrk gS] rc mls LojHkfDr ;k foid"kZ dgykrk gSA tSls& Lusg&lusg] izlkn&ijlkn]iafDr&iaxrA

LojyksiLojyksiLojyksiLojyksiLojyksi & tc fdlh 'kCn esa ls Lojyksi dj fn;k tkrk gS] rc og Lojyksidgykrk gS] ;g LojHkfDr dk foijhr gS] tSls & vkH;arj&Hkhrj] izkax.k&vk¡xu]beyh&bEyhA

v{kjyksiv{kjyksiv{kjyksiv{kjyksiv{kjyksi & tc nks leku o.kZ lkFk&lkFk vkrs gSa] rc mPpkj.k dh lqfo/kk ds fy;s muesa ls ,d dk yksi gks tkrk gSA buesa dsoy Loj vFkok O;atu /ofu;k¡gh ugha] oju~ iwjs o.kZ dk ;k o.kksZa dk yksi gks tkrk gS] tSls & f='kwy&'kwy]'kgrwr&vrwr] ekrk&ek¡] ukddVk&ud~Vk] [kjhnnkj&[kjhnkjA

o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z;o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z;o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z;o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z;o.kZ izR;; ;k LFkku foi;Z; & mPpkj.k dh vlko/kkuh ls tc 'kCn esaiz;qDr nks o.kksZa dk vius LFkkuksa ls ifjorZu dj fn;k tkrk gS] rc ;g o.kZ izR;;;k LFkku foi;Z; dgykrk gSA tSls & y[kuÅ&u[kuÅ] eryc&ercy] crk'kk&clkrk]clsrkA bl izdkj ds /ofu fodkj esa iz;Ruyk?ko dh izo`fRr ik;h tkrh gS vkSj mlesaLoj ;k O;atu rFkk la;qDr Loj ;k O;atu yksi] vkxe vkSj foi;Z; dh fØ;k ik;htkrh gSA

cqUnsyh esa Loj vkSj O;atu nksuksa o.kZ dk yksi gksrk gS] lkFk gh 'kCn ds vkfn]eè; vkSj var rhuksa LFkkuksa ij Hkh yksi gksrk gSA ;gk¡ cqUnsyh esa /ofu fodkj laca/khfo'ks"k fu;eksa dks lksnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS &

Loj yksiLoj yksiLoj yksiLoj yksiLoj yksi O;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksi

vkfn & vj?kV&jgVk vkfn & LFky&Fkye/; & QalckS&Qal~ckS e/; & miokl&miklvar & ?kj&?kj~ var & lR;&lr~] lpA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 187

blh izdkj vkxe Hkh Loj ;k O;atu nksuksa esa gksrk gS] lkFk gh vkfn] e/;vkSj var rhuksa LFkkuksa ij gksrk gS] tSls&

LojkxeLojkxeLojkxeLojkxeLojkxe O;atukxeO;atukxeO;atukxeO;atukxeO;atukxeL=h&bLrjh vks"B&gksaBLej.k&lqeju VkyVwy&VkyeVksy

foi;Z; dh izo`fRr Hkh ik;h tkrh gS] tSls& ikxy&ixyk] okjk.klh&cukjl]y[kuÅ&u[kyÅA

cqUnsyh ds /ofu fodkj laca/kh fu;e bl izdkj gSa &

1- ftu 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj v^ gks] mls cqUnsyh esa izk;% vk^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls&ti&tki] vdZ&vkd] v{kj&vk[kj] i{k&ik[kA dHkh&dHkh vUR; ^v^ dks Hkh ^vk^dj nsrs gSa] tSls& bZaV&bZaVk] iRFkj&iFkjk] pØ&pdk vkSj fjDr&jhrkA

2- ftu 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj ^vk^ gks mls cqUnsyh esa ^v^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls &vk'p;Z&vpjt] vkdk'k&vdkl] vk"kk<+&vlk<+] vkyki&vyki] vk/kkj&v/kkj]jktèkkuh&jtèkkuh] xkydVk&xydVk] gkFkdM+h&gFkdM+hA

3- vusd 'kCnksa esa vkfn 'kCn ^v^ dk ^b^ gks tkrk gS] tSls & yykV&fyykj]dikV&fdokj] {k.k&fNu] Nek&fNekA

4- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj v^ cgq/kk vius ls vkxs ds o.kZ lesr rFkkdHkh&dHkh vdsyk gh ^,^ gks tkrk gS] tSls & dnyh&dsjk] ddZVk&dsadjk]udqy&umykA

5- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ vkdkj vxys o.kZ lesrrFkk dHkh vdsyk gh ,s gks tkrk gS] tSls & i;kUr&iSrkuk] ey&eSy] dfiRFk&dSFkA

6- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj v^ vius ls vkxs o.kZ lesr vkS gks tkrkgS] tSls& prqFkhZ&pkSFk] prqeqZ[kh&pkSeq[kh] prqnZ'kh&pkSnlA

7- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj ^b^ dk ^,^ gks tkrk gS] tSls&fcYoi=&csyikr] flUnwj&lsanqj] frUVqd&rsanwA

8- vusd rRle~ 'kCnksa ds e/; dh b^ dk v^ gks tkrk gS] tSls& /kfj=h&èkjrh]gfjnzk&gjnh] gfj}kj&gj}kjA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 188

9- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dh g`Lo b^ dks nh?kZ vkSj nh?kZ bZ dks g`Lo dj nsrs gSa]tSls& fca'k&chl] f=a'k&rhl] fe=&ehr] ba/ku&bZ/ku] fiz;re&izhre] nhikoyh&fnokjhA

10- dHkh&dHkh vkfn o.kZ dh ^b^ dks ^Å^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& b{kq&Å[k]fcUnq&cwanA

11- vusd bdkjkUr laKk 'kCnksa ds vUR; o.kZ ^b^ dks ^v^ dj nsrs gSa] tksvuqPpfjr jgrk gS] tSls& ewfrZ&ewjr] gkfu&gfu] jhfr&jhr] foHkwfr&foHkwr] uhfr&uhr]iafDr&ik¡rA

12- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds vkfn Loj ^m^ dks nh?kZ ^Å^ dj nsrs gS] tSls&xq.k&xwu] dqDdj&dwdj] mPp&Å¡p] m"V&ÅVA

13- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds vUR; Loj m^ dks Å^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& izHkq&izHkw]xq#&xq:] lk/kq&lk/kw] Hkkuq&HkkuwA

14- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds vkfn Loj ^m^ dk ^vkS^ gks tkrk gS] tSls&'kqaBh&lksaB] dq{kh&dks[k] dq"B&dks<+] rqUn&rksan] iqLrd&iksFkhA

15- vusd rRle 'kCnksa esa vkfn ds ^Å^ dk g`Lo ^m^ gks tkrk gS] tSlsdwi&dqvk] iwi&iqvk] /kwe&/kqvk¡] 'kwdj&lq¡xjA

16- Qkjlh ds rRle 'kCnksa ds vkfn o.kZ ^,^ dk ^b^ vFkok ^bZ gks tkrk gS]tSls& ,yk&byk;ph] ,df=a'k&bdrhlA

18- dgha&dgha ^,s dk ^,^ gks tkrk gS tSls & dSoRrZ&dsoV] rSy&rsyA

19- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds vkfn o.kZ ^vkS^ dk ^m^ gks tkrk gS] tSls&xksiky&xqiky] xksLokeh&xqlkbZ] xksfoUn&xqfoUn] dksroky&dqroky] dksguh&dqguhA

20- vusd rRle 'kCnksa esa vkfn o.kZ ^vkS^ dk ^vks gks tkrk gS] tSls&ikS=&iksrk] ekSfDrd&eksrh] ;kSou&tksouA

21- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn vkSj var o.kZ dh ^_^ dks ^v^ dj nsrs gSa]tSls& d`".k&dkUgk] Ja[kyk&lk¡dy] e`fRrdk&ekVh] fir~&firk] ekr~&ekrkA

22- vusd rRle 'kCnksa dk vkfn Loj &^v^ vius ls vxys o.kZ lesr vks gkstkrk gS] tSls& prqeqZ[kh&pkSeq[kh] prq"inh&pkSikbZ] prq"dks.k&pkSdksu] prqnZ'kh&pkSnl]prqfoZ'k&pkSchlA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 189

23- vusd rRle~ 'kCnksa dh vkfn ^_^ dks ^b^ vFkok ^bZ dj nsrs gSa] tSls&Jaxkj&fl;kj] Jax&lhax] =`.k&fru] d`".kk] fdluk] r`".kk] frluk] ?k`"V&<hVA

O;atu /ofufodkjO;atu /ofufodkjO;atu /ofufodkjO;atu /ofufodkjO;atu /ofufodkj

1- vusd 'kCnksa ds ddkj dks xdkj esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls & dad.k&daxuk]edj&exjk] izdV&izxV] HkDr&Hkxr] vkdk'k}hi&vxklnhi ¼vxkfl;k½A

2- Qkjlh ls vk;s gq, vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds t^ dks n^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls&rdkt+k&rxknkS] dkxt+&dkxnA

3- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds ^n^ ds LFkku esa ^M^ gks tkrk gS] tSls& n.M&M.M]n`f"V&<hB] nksy&Mksy] na'ku&MlukA

4- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds ^V^ dks ^j^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls& ?kVh&?kjh]twV&twjkS] oV&cj] lq?kV&lq?kj] 'kkjh&lkjhA

5- cqUnsyh esa cgq/kk ^M+ d ^j^ gks tkrk gSA ;g izo`fRr cqUnsyh dh viuhfo'ks"krk gS] tSls& igkM+&igkj] dhM+k&dhjk] iM+kSl&ijkSl] yM+dk&yjdk]pqfM+;k&pqfj;k] FkksM+k&Fkksjk] ukM+h&ukjh] iM+uk&ijckS] yM+uk&yjckS] QksM+uk&QksjckS]xqM+&xqj] tksM+uk&tksjckS] QM+duk&QjdckSA

6- dgha&dgha n^ dks j^ vkSj N^ dks V^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls& =;ksn'k&rsjg]lIre&l=g] v"Vkn'k&vBkjgA

7- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds ^i^ dks ^Q^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& ij'kq&Qjlk]ik'k&Qk¡l] iziap&QjQanA

8- vusd rRle 'kCnksa ds nks Lojksa dh chp dk ^e^ cqUnsyh esa lkuqLokj ^o^ esacny tkrk gS] tSls& uke&uk¡o] ';key&lk¡ojks] dey&d¡oy] dqekj&dq¡oj] ikej&ik¡oj]pej&p¡oj] xzke&xk¡o] vkeyd&vk¡ojhA

9- vusd rRle 'kCnksa esa gh ugha rn~Hko 'kCnksa esa Hkh ydkj dks jdkj esa cnyusdh izo`fRr cqUnsyh esa fo'ks"k :i ls ik;h tkrh gS] tSls & Vyuk&VjckS] gy&gj]ckny&cknj] lk¡oyks&lk¡cjkS] Mky&Mkj] Qyuk&QjckS] cky&ckj] dkty&dktj]gYnh&gjnh] /kwy&/kwj] tyu&tju] tky&tkj] [kyh&[kjh] [kfygku&[kfj;ku]fudyuk&fudjckS] <kyuk&<kjckS] rkyk&rkjkS] iqryh&iqrjhA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 190

10- rRle 'kCnksa esa ^;^ dks ^t^ esa cnyus dh izo`fRr Hkh cqUnsyh esa fo'ks"k :ils ik;h tkrh gS] tSls& ;'k&tl] ;ksx&tksx] ;e&te] ;Fkk&tFkk] ;qx&tqx];kSou&tksou] ;equk&tequk] ;kno&tknkS] lw;Z&lwjt] ;'kksnk&t'kksnkA

11- dHkh&dHkh rRle~ 'kCnkas ds ^;^ dks fiNys Loj lesr ^,s esa cny nsrs gSa]tSls& 'k;u&lSu] izy;&ijyS] le;&leS] mn;&mnS] u;u&uSu] la'k;&lalS]t;&t;] tSa&tSA

12- dHkh&dHkh rRle 'kCnksa ds vUR; ;^ dk yksi dj nsrs gSa vkSj ;fn mldsiwoZ dk o.kZ gyUr gqvk] rks mls vdkjkUr dj nsrs gSa] tSls& fuR;&fur] HkkX;&Hkkx]lR;&lr~A

13- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^'k^ dks cqUnsyh esa ^l^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& 'khry&lhry]'kkSd&lkSd] ns'k&nsl] 'kqHk&lqHk] 'kksHkk&lksHkk] fd'kkSj&fdlksj] 'kkjnk&lkjnk]';ke&L;ke] 'kkUr&lkUrA

14- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^"k^ dks cqUnsyh esa ^l^ esa cny fn;k tkrk gS] tSls&o"kkZ&cjlk] Hkk"kk&Hkklk] nks"k&nksl] fo"k&fol] vk'kk&vklk] v"kk<+&vlk<+A

15- dHkh&dHkh "k^ dks [k^ dj fn;k tkrk gS] tSls& o"kkZ&cj[kk] vkS"kfèk&vkS[kn]fo"k&fo[kA

16- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^vo^ ds LFkku esa cqUnsyh esa izk;% ^vkS^ gks tkrk gS] tSls&voxq.k&vkSxqu] volj&vkSlj] Hkkxor&HkkxkSr] tkno&tknkS] nkuo&nkukS] ek/ko&ek/kkS] HkSjo&HkSjkSa] minzo&min~jkS] Hkolkxj&HkkSlkxjA

17- gdkj dh yksi dh izo`fRr cqUnsyh esa fo'ks"k :i ls ik;h tkrh gS] fQj ;gHkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg;s fd cqUnsyh esa ^gdkj^ dk loZFkk cfg"dkj ugha gS vkSj vkfn]e/; rFkk vUR; esa ^g^ dk mPpkj.k gS] tSls &

vkfnvkfnvkfnvkfnvkfn e/;e/;e/;e/;e/; vUR;vUR;vUR;vUR;vUR;ge igkj nksgkgk¡r cgkj nghgk¡rha yqgkj jkggjkS frgkr yksgkSgkj lqgkr eksgghjk lqgkx lykg

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 191

18- rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCnksa ds g^ dks iwoZ Loj lesr ,s esa cny nsrs gSa] tSlsn'kgjk&nlSjks] nksigjh&nqiSjh] nqyfgu&nqySu] dpgjh&dpSjh] bdgjh&bdSjh]QgjkckS&QSjkckSA

19- ;fn ^g^ ltkrh; Lojksa ds e/; esa gks] rks ^g^ dk yksi gks tkrk gS vkSjnks Loj feydj nh?kZ Loj gks tkrs gSa] tSls & jguk&jgr] dgr~ ds LFkku ij dr~]dkrA jkuSgs ¼jguk gS½] dkrrs ¼dgrs Fks½] jkrrs ¼jgrs Fks½] dgk¡&dk¡A

20- dfri; rRle 'kCnksa ds izk;% nks Lojksa ds chp ds [k] Fk] /k] Q] Hk] 'k] "k]d vkSj n o.kZ cqUnsyh esa ^g^ esa cny tkrs gSa] tSls& u[k&ug] eq[k&eq¡g]cfèkj&cgjk] xqEQu&xqFkuk] vHkhj&vghj] ds'kjh&dsgjh] ik"kk.k&ikgu] {kksHk&Nksg]ekl&ekgA

21- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^{k^ dks izk;% ^N^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& {k.k&Nu] i{kh&iaNh]{kek&Nek] {kse&Nse] {kkj&NkjA

22- dgha&dgha rRle 'kCnksa ds ^{k^ dks ^PN^ ls bafxr djrs gSa] tSls&j{kk&jPNk] y{eh&yPNeh] y{k.k&yPNu] jk{kl&jkPNl] j{kd&jPNd] j{kk&jPNkA

23- {k^ dHkh [k^ esa cny tkrk gS] tSls& {kse&[kse] v{kj&vk[kj] d{k&dk¡[k]v{kr&vk[kr] i{k&ik[k] {ks=&[ksr] b{kq&bZ[k] ef{kdk&ek[khA

24- ^=^ ds LFkku ij izk;% ^r^ dj fn;k tkrk gS] tSls& iq=&iwr] fe=&ehr]i=&ikr] ew=&ewrA

25- dHkh&dHkh ^=^ ds LFkku esa ^Lojkxe^ ls ^rj^ gks tkrk gS] tSls&ta=&tarj] ea=&earj] 'kL=&'kkLrjA

26- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^.k^ ds LFkku ij izk;% ^u^ gks tkrk gS] tSls& xq.k&xqu]ej.k&eju] x.ks'k&xus'k] x.k&xu] j.k&ju] izk.k&izku] o.kZu&ojuu~] 'kj.k&ljuA

la;qDrk{kj /ofu&fodkjla;qDrk{kj /ofu&fodkjla;qDrk{kj /ofu&fodkjla;qDrk{kj /ofu&fodkjla;qDrk{kj /ofu&fodkj

1- ;fn fdlh g`Lo ls ijs la;qDrk{kj gks] rks cqUnsyh esa izk;% vkfn Loj dks nh?kZdj nsrs gSa vkSj la;qDr o.kZ esa ls ,d gh jg tkrk gSA vkfn ds iwoZ Loj dksdHkh&dHkh lkuqukfld dj nsrs gSa] tSls& pØ&pkd] iq=&iwr] lIr&lkr]vUtu&vk¡tu] v{k&vk¡[k] mPp&Å¡p] m"V&Å¡V] iqPN&iw¡NA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 192

2- vkfn ds la;qDr v{kj ^l^ dk izk;% yksi gks tkrk gS] tSls& LFky&Fky]Lusg&usg] fLFkj&fFkj] LFkkiuk&Fkkiuk] Lda/k&da/k] LFkwy&Fkwy] Li'kZ&ijl] Lru&FkuA

3- dHkh&dHkh ^l~ ds iwoZ ^v^ dj mls ^l^ dj nsrs gSa] tSls& Lrqfr&vLrqfr]Luku&vLukuA

4- tc ^l~ O;atu dk vxyk o.kZ ^o^ gksrk gS] rc ^o^ ds LFkku ij ^m^ gkstkrk gS] tSls & LoIu&lqiu] LoxZ&lqjx] Loj&lqj] LoHkko&lqHkko] lo.kZ&lqcju]Lora=&lqra=A

5- tc ^o^ dk la;ksx g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ ^;^ ls gksrk gS] rc ^O;^ vkSj ^O;k^ dsLFkku esa fo^ vFkok os gks tkrk gS] tSls&O;kikj&csikj] O;kikjh&csikjh] O;Fkk&foFkk]O;oLFkk&fooLFkk] O;atu&foatuA

6- vusd rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCnksa esa cqUnsyh esa la;qDr ^"k~ dk yksi gks tkrkgS] tSls& fu"Bqj&fuBqj] dk"B&dkB] eqf"B&eqBh] fif"B&fiBh] "k"Bh&NVh] NVA

7- rRle 'kCnksa ds jsQ dks iw.kZ j^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls& udZ&ujd] ioZ&ijc]rhFkZ&rhjFk] pw.kZ&pwju] iw.kZ&iwju] /keZ&/kje] eeZ&ejeA

8- vkfn esa nh?kZ Loj ^v^ ds lkFk la;qDr gyUr ^j^ gks rks la;qDr o.kZ dksbdkjkUr dj nsrs gSa] tSls& izk.k&fijku] ºkl&fgjkl] xzkl&fxjkl] =kl&frjklA

9- e] u vkSj ; ;fn fdlh o.kZ ds lkFk v/kks;qDr gksa rks mudk yksi gks tkrkgS] tSls & jf'e&jkl] ;qXe&tqx] uXu&uaxk] ;ksX;] tksx] HkkX;&HkkxA

10- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^c^ dks ^t^ esa cny ysrs gSa] tSls& ok|&cktk]fo|qr&fctqjhA

11- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^Rl^ dks ^N^ vFkok ^PN^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls&mRlkg&mNkgA

12- rRle 'kCnksa ds ^/;^ rFkk ^}^ dks ^>^ esa cny nsrs gSa] tSls& ca/;k&ck¡>]e/;&ek¡>] la/;k&lk¡>] cs/;&cs>] ;q)&tw>A

13- dgha&dgha ^'p^ ds LFkku ij ^N^ gks tkrk gS] tSls& i'pkr~&ihNs]o`f'pd&chNw] fcPNw] i'pkÙkki&iNrkokA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 193

laf/klaf/klaf/klaf/klaf/k

tc nks fufnZ"V o.kZ ijLij fudV gksus ds dkj.k fey tkrs gSa] rc muds esyls tks fodkj mRiUu gksrk gS] mls laf/k dgrs gSaA laf/k rhu izdkj dh ekuh x;h gSa& Loj laf/k] O;atu laf/k vkSj folxZ laf/kA

1- Loj laf/k1- Loj laf/k1- Loj laf/k1- Loj laf/k1- Loj laf/k & oS;kdj.kksa ds vuqlkj ^^nks Lojksa ds ijLij lehi gksus ls tksfodkj mRiUu gksrk gS] mls Loj laf/k dgrs gSa laLd`r esa Loj laf/k ik¡p izdkj dhekuh xbZ gSa& ¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k ¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k ¼l½ o`f) Loj laf/k ¼n½ ;.kLoj laf/k ¼b½ v;kfn prq"V~; Loj laf/kA

¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k¼v½ nh?kZ Loj laf/k & tc nks ltkrh; Loj g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ] ijLij fudVgksdj feyrs gSa] rks ,d nh?kZ Loj cu tkrk gSA mnkgj.kr% & ije$vFkZ ¾ ijekFkZ¼cq- esa ijekjFk½] nso$vky; ¾ ¼cq- esa fnckyks½] dfi$bZ'k ¾ dih'k ¼cq- esa dihl½]fxj$bZ'k ¾ fxjh'k ¼cq- esa fxjhl½] tkudh$bZ'k ¾ tkudh'k ¼cq- esa tkudhl½A

¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k¼c½ xq.k Loj laf/k & g`Lo Loj vFkok nh?kZ vdkj ls ijs g`Lo vFkok nh?kZvFkok nh?kZ] bZ] Å] _ jgs rks g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ v$b ¾ ,] v$Å ¾ vkS vkSj v$_¾vj gks tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & ije$bzZ'oj ¾ ijes'oj ¼cq- esa iuoslqj½] egk$bZ'k¾egs'k ¼cq- esa egsl½] x.k$bZ'k ¾ x.ks'k ¼cq- esa xusl½A

¼l½ o`f) laf/k &¼l½ o`f) laf/k &¼l½ o`f) laf/k &¼l½ o`f) laf/k &¼l½ o`f) laf/k & g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ vdkj ls ijs , ;k ,s gks v$, vFkokv$,s feydj ,s vkSj tks ;k vkS gks rks v$vks vFkok v$vkS feydj vkS gks tkrkgSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & lnk$,o ¾ lnSo] ije$vkS"k/k ¾ ijekS"k/k ¼cq- esa ijeks[kn½A

¼n½ ;.k Loj laf/k &¼n½ ;.k Loj laf/k &¼n½ ;.k Loj laf/k &¼n½ ;.k Loj laf/k &¼n½ ;.k Loj laf/k & g`Lo vFkok nh?kZ b] Å] _ ls ijs tc dksbZ fotkrh;Loj jgs] rks b] m] _ ds LFkku esa Øe ;] o] j gks tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & fu$Åu¾U;wu] vuq$v; ¾ vUo;] lq$vkxr ¾ LokxrA

¼b½ v;kfn laf/k &¼b½ v;kfn laf/k &¼b½ v;kfn laf/k &¼b½ v;kfn laf/k &¼b½ v;kfn laf/k & ,] ,s] vks] vkS ds vkxs tc dksbZ fHkUu Loj jgs] rc budsLFkku esa Øe'k% v;$vk;] vko gks tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ & us$vu ¾ u;u] uSu]iks$vu ¾ ikou] iks$vd ¾ ikodA

O;atu laf/kO;atu laf/kO;atu laf/kO;atu laf/kO;atu laf/k

tc O;atu o.kZ ls ijs Loj ;k O;atu o.kZ jgs] rc nksuksa ds feyus ls tksfodkj gksrk gS] mls O;atu laf/k dgrs gSaA blds fuEu fyf[kr izdkj gSa&

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 194

1- ;fn d~] p~] v~] r~ ;k i~ o.kZ ls ijs vuqukfld dks NksM+dj dksbZ ?kks"k o.kZ

gks rks buds LFkku ij Øe'k% u~] t~] M~] c~ o.kZ gks tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & fnd~$xt

¾ fnXxt] fnd~$vacj ¾ fnxEcj] txr~$bZ'k~ ¾ txnh'kA

2- ;fn fdlh oxZ ds izFke o.kZ ls ijs dksbZ vuqukfld o.kZ jgs rks ml izFke

o.kZ ds LFkku esa mlh o.kZ dk lkuqukfld o.kZ gks tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ &

txr~$ukFk ¾ txUukFkA

3- ;fn r~ ls ijs x~] ?k~] n~] /k~] u~] Hk~] i] j] o vFkok dksbZ Loj o.kZ jgs] rks r~

ds LFkku esa g~ gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& mr~$xe ¾ mn~xe] mr~$v; ¾ mn;]

lr~$vkpkj ¾ lnkpkj] lr~$vkuqn ¾ lnkuanA

4- ;fn r~ ,oa V~ ls ijs p~] ;k] N~ gks rks V~] o~ ds LFkku esa p~ ;k N~ gks tkrk

gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& mr~$pkj.k ¾ mPpkj.k] mr~$fNUu ¾ mfPNUuA

5- ;fn r~ ,oa V~ ls ijs t~ gks rks t~ ,oa V~ ds LFkku ij t~ gks tkrk gS]

mngkj.kkFkZ&mr~$Toy ¾ mTToy] lr~$tu ¾ lTtuA

6- ;fn r~ ,oa V~ ls ijs t~ gks rks t~ ,oa V~ ds LFkku ij t~ gks tkrk gS]

mnkgj.kkFkZ & mr~$ya?ku ¾ mYya?ku] rr~$yhu ¾ rYyhuA

7- ;fn r~ ,oa V~ ls ijs g gks rks r~ ,oa V~ ds LFkku esa ) vkS g~ ds LFkku esa?k~ gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ & mn~$gkj ¾ m)kj] mr~$r ¾ m|rA

8- ;fn e ls ijs Li'kZ o.kZ gks rks e~ ds LFkku esa vuqLokj vFkok mlh oxZ dkvuqukfld o.kZ gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& le$dYi ¾ ladYiA le~$rks"k ¾ larks"k]le~$okn ¾ laokn] le~$iw.kZ ¾ laiw.kZA

9- ;fn e ls ijs vUrLFk ;k Å"e o.kZ jgs] rks e~ ds LFkku ij vuqLokj gks tkrkgSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & le~$gkj ¾ lagkj] le~$;ksx ¾ la;ksx] le~$okn ¾ laoknA

folxZ laf/kfolxZ laf/kfolxZ laf/kfolxZ laf/kfolxZ laf/k

Loj vFkok O;atu o.kZ ds folxZ ds lkFk feyus ls tks fodkj mRiUu gksrkgS] mls folxZ laf/k dgrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ& fu%$ey ¾ fueZyA bl laf/k ds dqNvko';d rÙo gSa] tks fuEukafdr gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 195

1- ;fn bdkj] mdkj iwoZd folxZ ls ijs d] p] i] ;k Q jgs rks LFkku esa "k~gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& fu%diV ¾ fu"diV] fu%$iki ¾ fu"iki] fu%$Qy ¾fu"Qy] nq%$deZ ¾ nq"deZA

2- ;fn vdkj] vkdkj iwoZd folxZ ls ijs d o.kZ gks] rks folxZ ds LFkku esal~ gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ & ue%$dkj ¾ ueLdkj] iqj%%dkj ¾ iqjLdkj] Hkk%$dj¾ HkkLdjA

3- ;fn folxZ ls ijs p] N gks rks folxZ dks 'k~ vkSj V~] Fk~ gks rks ^l~*] 'k~ gkstkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& fu%$Ny ¾ fu'py] fu%$fpUr ¾ fuf'pUr] eu%$rki ¾euLrkiA

4- ;fn folxZ ls ijs fdlh Hkh oxZ ds vafre rhu o.kZ] vUrLFk ;k g gks rkfolxZ ds LFkku ij ^vks* gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& eu%$xr ¾ euksxr] eu%$;ksx¾ euks;ksx] eu%$gj ¾ euksgj] eu%$uhr ¾ euksuhr] rst%$jkf'k ¾ rstksjkf'kA

5- ;fn folxZ ds iwoZ v] vk dks NksM+dj dksbZ nwljk Loj gks rks vkSj folxZls ijs fdlh Hkh oxZ ds vafre rhu o.kZ] vUrLFk ;k g vFkok Loj gks rks folxZ dsLFkku ij j gks tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ& fu%$xq.k ¾ fuxq.kZ] fu%$ty ¾ futZy]fu%$>j ¾ fu>j] fu%$Hk;¾ fuHkZ;] fu%$fodkj ¾] fufoZdkj] fu%$vk/kkj ¾ fujkèkj]fu%$mik; ¾ fu:ik;A

'kCn lk/ku'kCn lk/ku'kCn lk/ku'kCn lk/ku'kCn lk/ku

fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ds fu;e&lEer ifjekftZr :i dks gh O;kdj.k dgrs gSaAO;kdj.k dh le`f) lEc) Hkk"kk dh lq&laiUurk dh |ksrd gSA Hkk"kk dk laLdkjO;kdj.k ds ek/;e ls gh laHko gSA fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dks ;qx laf/k;ksa dks ikj djus dh{kerk O;kdj.k gh iznku djrh gS] vr% Li"V gS fd fdlh dks ijekftZr ,oaifjfu"Br Lo:i iznku djus esa muds O;kdj.k dk cgqr egÙo gSA

ekuo ds Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk l'kDr ek/;e Hkk"kk gS vkSj 'kCn Hkk"kk dhizeq[k bdkbZ gSA 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls ekuo vius fopkjksa dks O;ofLFkr <ax ls laiszf"kr,oa xzg.k dj ldrk gSaA 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls gh ekuo fparu] fyf[kr :i esa lqjf{kr,oa lajf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy;s Hkkjrh; ok³~e; esa 'kCn dks ije czã^ dhlaKk iznku dh x;h gSA 'kCn dks 'kk'or :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS] tc 'kCnfu;eksa ds varxZr :i /kkj.k djrs gSa] rks 'kCnksa dk :i lkfgR; esa O;kdj.k dgykrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 196

'kCnlk/ku O;kdj.k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkkx gS] ftlesa 'kCnksa ds Hksn] :ikarjvkSj mudh O;qRifRr rFkk iz;ksx esa ykus ds fu;e cryk;s tkrs gSaA ;FkkFkZ esa 'kCnmls dgrs gSa] tks ,d iw.kZ vFkZ dks izdV djrk gS] tks /ofu;ksa dk lewg gSA blèofulewg ds Hkh NksVs&NksVs lewg jgrs gSa] tks o.kZ /ofu;ksa ls curs gSaA 'kCnksa ds nksizdkj gksrs gSa

lkFkZd 'kCnlkFkZd 'kCnlkFkZd 'kCnlkFkZd 'kCnlkFkZd 'kCn & os 'kCn ftudk dksbZ vFkZ gksrk gS] mUgsa ^lkFkZd 'kCn^ dgrsgSa] tSls& xS;k] cSyok] cdfj;k] dkjkS] lqisn ¼lQsn½] ge] rqeA

fujFkZd 'kCnfujFkZd 'kCnfujFkZd 'kCnfujFkZd 'kCnfujFkZd 'kCn & os 'kCn ftudk dksbZ vFkZ ugha fudyrk] mUgsa ^fujFkZd 'kCn^dgrs gSaA budk iz;ksx dsoy vuqdj.k vkfn dks le>kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAbUgsa èoU;kRed 'kCn Hkh dgrs gSa] tSls& >u& u] Hku&Hku] Hkj&Hkj] [kV&[kV]QV&QVA

O;kdj.k esa lkFkZd /ofu;ksa ¼'kCnksa½ ij gh fopkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ,d lsvf/kd o.kZ ls cuh gqbZ Lora= lkFkZd /ofu dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA oSKkfud n`f"V ls 'kCnds nks ewy Hkkx gksrs gSa& 'kCn vkSj okD; esa gksus ds le; yxus okys dqN laca/klwpd foHkfD;k¡ ;k izR;; vkfnA igys dks ^vFkZrÙo^ dgrs gSa] tks vFkZfo'ks"k dk|ksrd gksrk gSA nwljs dks laca/krRo^ dgrs gSa] tks vFkZrÙo }kjk O;Dr fopkj dk lacaèkokD; esa iz;qDr vU; 'kCn ls lwfpr djrk gSA vFkZrÙo ls vfHkizk; Hkk"kk ds mu va'kksals gS] tks vFkZ vFkok fopkj dk cks/k djkrs gSa vkSj laca/krÙo ls rkRi;Z mu va'kksa lsgS tks vFkZrÙo }kjk O;Dr fopkjksa ds ijLij lacèk dh lwpuk nsrs gSA11

laca/krÙo vFkZ dk gh vax cu tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa ds la;qDr :i dks in^ dgktkrk gS] tSls& fu/kZurk lsA blesa ewy 'kCn vFkkZr~ izd`fr fu/kZu^ gS] blesa rk^ izR;;ds yxus ls ^fu/kZurk^ cuk gS vkSj fQj ls pje izR;; yxk;k x;k gSA pje izR;;ds yxus ls tks 'kCn :ikarj gksrk gS] ogh bldh ;FkkFkZ fod`fr gS vkSj bls ^in^dgrs gSaA

'kCn vkSj in dk varj O;kdjf.kd n`f"V ls cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gS vkSj 'kCn&lkèkuesa bUgha :iksa vFkkZr~ 'kCnksa vkSj inksa ds laca/k esa fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

fgUnh Hkk"kk dh rjg cqUnsyh esa vFkZrÙo dk okD; vFkok okD;ka'k esa LFkku ek=gh dHkh&dHkh laca/krÙo dk cks/k gksrk gS] tSls& eksgu [kkuk [kkmr gSA gesa xkukxkus gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 197

mi;qZDr mnkgj.k esa ^[kkuk^ vkSj ^xkuk^ dh okD; esa LFkku gh muds dkjd dscksèkd gSaA

Hkk"kkfoKku ds vuqlkj in dh O;k[;k djrs gq, MkW- ckcwjke lDlsuk us tksy{k.k fn;s gSa] os gSa& ^in^ ml /ofu ;k lewg dks dgrs gSa] ftldk okD; esa Hkk"kkdh ijaijk ds vuqlkj laca/krÙo dk] vFkZrÙo dk vFkok mu nksuksa ds vFkZ dk cks/kdjkus ds fy;s iz;ksx gksrk gSA12

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj izkekf.kd cqUnsyh laiw.kZ cksyh dk vk/kkj ekuh tkrh gSA izkekf.kdcqUnsyh dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj 'kq) cqUnsyh gksus ds dkj.k le`) gS] D;ksafd blh ds vk/kkjij vU; cksfy;ksa dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj fufeZr gksrk gSA cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.k fgUnh dsO;kdj.k dh rjg gh gSA laKk] loZuke vkfn nsoukxjh fyfi dh rjg O;kogkj fd;stkrs gSaA /ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa esa cqUnsyh dh ,d fo'ks"krk tks lHkh cksfy;ksa dsvarxZr ns[kh tkrh gS] og gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh esa ;g gdkjyksi vk/kkj ekuk tkrk gS] fuf'pr :i ls izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vU; fefJr cqUnsyhcksfy;ksa dk vk/kkj gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ

1- y?kqfl)kUrdkSenh ( i`- 7-2- ogh ( i`- 7-3- ogh ( i`- 7-4- ogh ( i`- 7-5- ogh ( i`- 7-6- ogh ( i`- 7-7- ogh ( i`- 7-8- ogh ( i`- 7-9- ogh ( i`- 7-10- ogh ( i`- 9-11- ckcwjke lDlsuk ( lkekU; Hkk"kkfoKku ( i`- 64-12- ogh ( i`- 76-13- MkW- dSyk'kpanz HkkfV;k ( Hkk"kk]Hkwxksy ( i`- 4

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 198

[kVksyk cqUnsyh[kVksyk cqUnsyh[kVksyk cqUnsyh[kVksyk cqUnsyh[kVksyk cqUnsyh

[kVksyk dk {ks= eksVs :i ls Nrjiqj] iUuk vkSj neksg gSA MkW- fxz;lZu }kjkcryk;s x;s LFkku iUuk ftys ds if'peh Hkkx rFkk Nrjiqj ftys ds iwokZsRrj Hkkxds vfrfjDr {ks= esa vk tkrs gSaA mUgksaus neksg ftys dh cksyh dks Hkh ^[kVksyk^ dgkgS] fdUrq ge buds bl dFku ls lger ugha gks ikrsA ge bl ftys ds dsoy mRrjhlhekorhZ Hkkx dks gh ^[kVksyk&{ks=^ ds vUrxZr j[kuk mfpr le>rs gSaA 'ks"k Hkkxdh cqUnsyh lkxj ftys dh cqUnsyh ls gh vf/kd lkE; j[krh gSA MkW- fxz;lZu usfy[kk gS fd ;g og :i gS] tks vksjNk ds vklikl cksyk tkrk gSAa ge muds bldFku ls Hkh lger ugha gSaA geus ^vksjNk&{ks=^ dk cqUnsyh&:i mlds oSf'k"V~; dslkFk blds iwoZ cryk;k gS] tks [kVksyk&:i ls fHkUu gSA MkW- fxz;lZu us Hkh vksjNkdh cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk^ cqUnsyh dk fooj.k i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ fn;k gSA ;fn os nksuksa dk,d gh :i ekurs gSa] rks mudk i`Fkd~ fo'ys"k.k vko';d ugha FkkA fgUnh ds ftuHkk"kkfonksa us vius xzUFkksa esa ^[kVksyk^ dk mYys[k fd;k gS] mUgksaus [kkukiwjh ds :iesa MkW- fxz;lZu dh ekU;rk gh nqgjk nh gS] bl laca/k esa mudk viuk dksbZ v/;;uugha gSA mUgksaus rFkk MkW- fxz;lZu us Hkh cqUnsyh ds bl ukedj.k dk Hkh dksbZ dkj.kugha cryk;kA fdlh c`gn~ vkSj foLr`r dk;Z djus okyksa ds fy;s dnkfpr~ ;g lEHkoHkh ugha FkkA MkW- fxz;lZu [kVksyk^ dks vkn'kZ cqUnsyh dk gh ,d :i ekurs gSaA geusHkh bls ^'kq) cqUnsyh^ okys e/;orhZ {ks= ds varxZr gh LFkku fn;k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 199

[kVksyk ds ftu {ks=ksa dh ppkZ dh x;h gS] mUgha ftyksa ls feydj bldh

lhekjs[kk fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA lhekjs[kk ds laca/k esa MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS &

^Nrjiqj ,oa if'peh iUuk rFkk neksg ds mRrjh lhekorhZ {ks= esa izpfyr cqUnsyh ds

[kVksyk dgs tkus okys :i esa bl {ks= ls layXu nf{k.k iwoZ Vhdex<+] iwohZ lkxj

ftys ds cqUnsyh :i ls vf/kd fHkUurk ugha gSA vksdkjkUr dk vkSdkjkUr rFkk

,dkjkUr dk ,sdkjkUr mPpkj.k ,oa gdkj dk loZFkk yksi gh [kVksyk dh izeq[k

fo'ks"krk gSA blds :i oSf'k"V~; ds laca/k esa eq>s iUuk njckj ds HkwriwoZ jktdfo Jh

d`".knkl th ¼orZeku fuokl LFkku >jdqvk xzke½ ls ,d nksgk izkIr gqvk gS] tks bl

izdkj gS &

jmok emok dkr gSa] uk¡; ek¡; vfopkjA

T;ksa [kVksyoklh rtSa] vPNj chp gdkjAA

^[kVksykoklh^ e/;k{kj ls gdkj dk yksi djds ^jgqvk^ dks ^jmok^ ¼jgus

okyk½] ^egqok^ dks ^emok^] ^dgr^ dks ^dkr^ dgrs gSaA ;s ^uk¡; ek¡;^ ¼;gk¡ ogk¡½ dk

Hkh fopkj ugha djrs vFkkZr~ bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha djrs ¼;s 'kCn lkxj ftys dh

cqUnsyh esa gh vf/kd iz;qDr gksrs gSa½^3A bl izdkj bl nksgs ls ,d ckr Li"V gksrh

gS fd [kVksyk esa ^gdkj^ yksi dh izo`fRr ik;h tkrh gS vkSj ;gh bldh fo'ks"krk Hkh

gS] oSls gdkj yksi laiw.kZ cqUnsyh esa ik;k tkrk gSA

'kCn&lkeF;Z'kCn&lkeF;Z'kCn&lkeF;Z'kCn&lkeF;Z'kCn&lkeF;Z

[kVksyk cqUnsyh dk {ks= T;knk foLr`r ugha gS] bl dkj.k bldk tks 'kCn

lkeF;Z gS] og cgqr dqN izkekf.kd vFkok 'kq) cqUnsyh ls le`) gksrk gSA blesa dqN

,sls 'kCn gSa] tks bldh vyx igpku cukrs gSaA tSls& jmok ¼jgus okyk½] emok

¼egqok½] dkr ¼dgr½] uk¡; ek¡; ¼;gk¡ ogk¡½] osikjh ¼O;kikjh½] ewM+ ¼flj½] ukSus&ukSus

¼vPNs&vPNs½] lbj ¼'kgj½] cksrlh ¼cgqr lh½] [kk¡ ¼dks½] rksjks ¼rqEgkjk½] Tokc

¼tckc½] i;yÅ¡ ¼igys½] bZls ¼blls½] dksuÅ¡ ¼dksbZ Hkh½] bZ[kk¡ ¼blls½] th[kk¡

¼ftldks½] iqth ldr ¼iwrhZ dj ikuk½] grks ¼Fkk½] :txkjh ¼O;kikjh½] yqxkbZ ¼L=h½]

fud; ¼fudy½] ljj ¼'kgj½] iksp ¼igq¡p½] ryck ¼rykc½] ikj ¼fdukjs½] ikuw ¼ikuh½]

lcjh ¼lkjh½] QqVYyk ¼QwVk½] f?kulks ¼xank½ vkfn 'kCn [kVksyk dks cqUnsyh ds vU;

{ks=h; :iksa ls vyx igpku fnykrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 200

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

[kVksyk cqUnsyh dh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk cqUnsyh ds 'kq) vFkok izkekf.kd :idh rjg gh gSA varj dsoy LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk gS] ftlls [kVksyk cqUnsyh dk ,dLora= :i fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA [kVksyk esa laKk] fØ;k] dkjd] foHkfDr;k¡] Loj] Lojksadk yksi] O;atu] O;atuyksi] lqjygjh vkfn O;kdjf.kd fo'ks"krk,¡ 'kq) cqUnsyh tSlhgh gSaA

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

[kVksyk cqUnsyh rhu mi:i feyrs gSaA mUgha :iksa ds vuqlkj /ofulewg dkfu/kkZj.k gksrk gSA bu :iksa esa [kVksyk cqUnsyh ds 'kCn LFkkuh; izHkko ds dkj.k cnyrsjgrs gSa] ftlls blds 'kCn Hk.Mkj esa Hkh o`f) gksrh gSA

Nrjiqj dh [kVksykNrjiqj dh [kVksykNrjiqj dh [kVksykNrjiqj dh [kVksykNrjiqj dh [kVksyk

bl cksyh :i dh fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSa& gdkj dk loZFkk yksi] ftls[kVksyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk dgk x;k gSA ;Fkk& C;kg&C;ko] cgw&cÅ] 'kgj&lbj]#[ku&#du] xgjh&xSjh ¼xsjh Hkh½] Nk¡g&Nk¡o] HkkSrlh&cksrlh] dgh&dbZ] dkgs&dk;s]igys&gh&iSyÅ¡] lh[k&lhdA

2- Åij ds nksgs esa dsoy e/; g^ dk yksi dgk x;k gS] tSlk mi;qZDr 'kCnksa&lbj] #du] xSjh rFkk iSyÅ¡ 'kCnksa esa ge ns[krs gSa] fdUrq O;kg] cgw] dgh] dkgs vkSjlh[k 'kCnksa ds vafre o.kksZa ls Hkh gdkj dk yksi gks x;k gSA ^HkkSr^ ds izFke o.kZ lsHkh gdkj dk yksi gks x;k gSA

3- bl m)j.k ds izFke okD; dh fØ;k ^grs lqjf{kr gS] ij vkxs ds okD;ksaesa grks rFkk grs fØ;k:iksa ls Hkh izFkek{kj ^g^ dk yksi gksdj dsoy ^rks vkSj ^rsgh jg x;s gSaA

4- geus iwoksZfYyf[kr m)j.kksa ds fo'ks"kdj >k¡lh ftys ds m)j.k esa vksdkjkUrdk vkSdkjkUr rFkk ,dkjkUr dk ,sdkjkUr mPpkj.k ns[kk gS] tcfd mi;qZDr m)j.kesa loZ= vksdkjkUr vkSj ,dkjkUr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA csikjh] ihdsa] oks] [kksa]fudjks] vkvks] Hkjos] Åesa] Hkjdsa] ?kjs] iSlkokjs] Ålsa vkfn blh izdkj ds 'kCn gSaA

5- cqUnsyh Hkk"kh vf/kdka'k {ks=ksa esa o^ c^ mPpfjr gksrk gS] tcfd ;g o.kZ bum)j.kksa esa vius ewy:i esa gh fo|eku gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 201

6- deZdkjd dk ijlxZ ^dks cqUnsyh esa [kksa] [kkSa] dksa] dkSa] gksrk gS] fdUrq

mi;qZDr cksyh:i esa dgha ^[kksa vkSj dgha ^[kkSa Hkh iz;qDr gS] blls Li"V gS fd

[kVksyk cqUnsyh esa deZ&ijlxZ ds ;s nksuksa :i izpfyr gSaA

vUr esa eSa ;g crk nw¡ fd igys lkxj&Nrjiqj ekxZ ij fLFkr orZeku ^xat

eygjk^ xzke ls yxHkx ik¡p ehy if'pe esa ^[kV~Vyx<+ uked ,d uxj Fkk] tks

,d NksVs ls xzke ds :i esa vHkh Hkh orZeku esa gSA foØe dh rsjgoha 'krh ls iUnzgoha

'krh rd ;g xksaM jktkvksa dk ,d NksVk jkT; jgk gSA egkjkt N=lky ds

'kkludky rd Hkh ;g &^[kVksyk ijxuk^ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk jgk gSA ftl dky

esa bl ijxus dks jkT; dgykus dk xkSjo izkIr Fkk] ml le; blds vUrxZr fctkoj

¼orZeku Nrjiqj ftys dh ,d rglhy½] Nrjiqj dk e/; ,oa mRrjh Hkkx] Vhdex<+

dk nf{k.kh Hkkx vkSj nf{k.k esa cdLokgk rFkk orZeku 'kkgx<+ rd dk Hkkx FkkA iUuk

dk nf{k.kh Hkkx vkSj neksg dk mRrjh Hkkx Hkh blh jkT; ds vUrxZr FkkA bl

^[kV~Vyx<+ vFkok ^[kVksyk^ jkT; esa izpfyr cqUnsyh dk ;g :i {ks= ds uke ij

^[kVksyk^ dgykrk FkkA vc Hkh bl {ks= ds fuoklh cqUnsyh dk ;gh :i cksyrs gSa(

;|fi muesa ls vf/kdka'k blds bl uke ls ifjfpr ugha gSaA

if'peh iUuk dk [kVksyk :iif'peh iUuk dk [kVksyk :iif'peh iUuk dk [kVksyk :iif'peh iUuk dk [kVksyk :iif'peh iUuk dk [kVksyk :i

if'peh iUuk esa izpfyr cqUnsyh dk [kVksyk&:i Nrjiqj ftys ds mi;qZDr

{ks= ds :i ls fHkUu ugha gSA dsoy bruk gh varj gS fd deZdkjd dk ijlxZ [kksa

tks Nrjiqj {ks= esa dgha&dgha ^[kk¡^ gks x;k gS] og bl lEiw.kZ {ks= esa iz;qDr gksrk

gSA ^[kksa vFkok ^[kkSa dgha Hkh ugha cksyk tkrkA gdkj dk yksi] vksdkjkUr vkSj

,dkjkUr 'kCnksa dk ;Fkkor~ iz;ksx vkfn lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡] tks Nrjiqj ds cksyh:i esa

gSa] bl Hkkx ds mi;qZDr m)j.k esa Hkh orZeku gSA bl {ks= esa Hkh iwoksZDr {ks= dh rjg

^grs fØ;k:iksa ls Hkh vk| ^g^ dk yksi gks x;k gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ ;s iafDr;k¡ ns[kh

tk ldrh gSa& ^ijuk esa ,d jktk veku flag jkt drs rsA ,d csj cuds djru

us dbZ ds egkjkt] bZ lky ikuh tknk fxjks gS] ,slksa u gks; ds [ktkus dks

:ib;k&i;lk lhaM+ tk;A bZlS Å[kk¡ ?kke esa lw[kcs [kk¡ Mkj nvks tk;A ?kke esa

Mkjcs ds iSyksa :ib;k] lksuk] pkanh] lc[kk¡ r[kfj;k lsa j[k ds rksy yvks tk;A jktk

us cudh ckr eku ybZA^4

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 202

mRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :imRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :imRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :imRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :imRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :i

neksg ftys dk mRrjh {ks= iUuk ds [kVksyk Hkk"kh nf{k.kh Hkkx ls layXu gSAneksg ftys dh if'peh lhek 'kq) vFkok vkn'kZ cqUnsyh Hkk"kh lkxj ftys dh iwohZlhek ls layXu gS] ftlls bl ftys ds e/; rFkk if'peh Hkkx dh cqUnsyh rks yxHkxlkxj ftys ds cqUnsyh ds leku gh gS] ij 'ks"k Hkkx ¼mRrjh rFkk dqN iwohZ Hkkx½nf{k.k iUuk dh cksyh ls izHkkfor [kVksyk Hkk"kh gks x;k gSA

1- iwoZ [kVksyk&{ks= esa grs] grks] grha dk vk| ^g^ yksi gks x;k gS] fdUrq ogbl {ks= dh cksyh esa orZeku gSA bldk dkj.k e/;&iwohZ Hkkx dh cqUnsyh dk izHkkotku iM+rk gSA

2- ,dkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx Nrjiqj&iUuk {ks= dh rjg ghgSA bruk gh ugha] ij bl {ks= dh cksyh esa iwoksZDr {ks= ds iS vkSj gS Hkh ,dkjkUr gksx;s gSaA

3- gdkj ds yksi dh izofRr izFke nksuksa {ks=ksa dh rjg bl {ks= esa Hkh ifjyf{kr gSA

4- iUuk {ks= dk ^[kk¡^ bl {ks= esa iqu% ^[kksa gks x;k gSA

5- mi;qZDr [kVksyk Hkk"kh nksuksa {ks=ksa ls fHkUu bl {ks= ds [kVksyk&:i esa dqNo.kZ f}Ro mPpfjr gksrs gSa] tSlk fd ge ^cM~Ms 'kCn esa ns[krs gSaA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj cqUnsyh ds e/;orhZ {ks= dh cksyh ds :i esa [kVksyk cqUnsyhmicksyh ekuh tkrh gSA ;s rhukas :i LFkkuh; fo'ks"krk ds dkj.k viuk vyx egÙoj[krs gSaA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 40-2- MkW- fxz;lZu ( fyafXofLVd losZ vkWQ bf.M;k] [k.M 9] Hkkx 1 ( i`- 459-3- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 451-

4- Jh f'kodqekj frokjh ls izkIr dgkuh dk ,d va'k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 203

iaokjh cqUnsyhiaokjh cqUnsyhiaokjh cqUnsyhiaokjh cqUnsyhiaokjh cqUnsyh

iaokjh dk ewy LFkku /kkj ekuk tkrk gSA csuxaxk vkSj mldh lgk;d ufn;ksads vkl&ikl clus okys iaokjksa dk ewy fuokl ekyok rFkk e/; Hkkjr jgk gSA

e/;Hkkjr ds /kkj] mTtSu rFkk nsokl ds vkl&ikl iaokj fuokl djrs FksAbudh ,d 'kk[kk csuxaxk vkSj mldh lgk;d ufn;ksa ckou/kM+h] ck/k] pubZ] f?kljh]nso] lksu vkfn ds fdukjs HkaMkjk] ckyk?kkV rFkk flouh ftys esa cl x;hA nwljh'kk[kk o/kkZ unh ds fdukjs fLFkr o/kkZ ¼vkohZ {ks=½ ukxiqj ¼dkVksy lkolsj {ks=½fNUnokM+k] cSrwy ftys esa cl x;hA iaokjh cksyh eq[;r% egkjk"Vª jkT; ds HkaMkjk]ukxiqj] o/kkZ] ;oreky] vejkorh rFkk eè;izns'k ds ckyk?kkV] flouh] fNUnokM+k ,oacSrwy ftys ds nsgkrksa esa cksyh tkrh gSA egkjk"Vª esa cksyh tkus okyh iaokjh ij ejkBhdk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA ckyk?kkV ftys esa xkSM+h] eqjkjh] yks/kkUrh] dks"Vh] gyoh]NRrhlx<+h ¼[kYVkgh½ vkfn micksfy;k¡ cksyh tkus ds dkj.k bl ftys dh iaokjh ijmudk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA bl ftys ds okjkflouh] cSgj] ckyk?kkV rglhyksa vkSjdVaxh] ykycjkZ] ykath] [kSjykath mi rglhyksa esa iaokjh tkfr ds yksx iaokjh izHkkforfgUnh cksyrs gSaA fdUrq xzkeksa esa ejkBh] ekyoh] cqUnsyh&c?ksyh fefJr cksyrs gSaAflouh] fNUnokM+k vkSj cSrwy ftyk cqUnsyh izHkkfor gS] blfy, bl {ks= esa cqUnsyh vkSjejkBh fefJr iaokjh cksyh tkrh gSA

tga iaokj rga /kkj gS] vkSj /kkj tgka iaokjA/kkj fcu iaokj ugha] ugha iaokj fcu /kkjAA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 204

ijekj jktkvksa ds }kjk cksyh tkus okyh cksyh iaokjh dgykrh gSA iaokj

jkTkkvksa ds dk;Zdky esa gh iaokjh dk lEidZ if'peh egkjk"Vª dh ejkBk tkfr ls cuk

jgkA vr% nksuksa dk ijLij feJ.k gqvk] bl dkj.k nks 'kk[kk,¡ cuha& ejkBk iaokj

vkSj csuxaxk ds iaokjA iaokjh dh mRifRr c?ksyh ls ekuh tkrh gSA

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

ejkBh & uojk ¼ifr½] ckbdks ¼ifRu½] eksBksa ¼cM+k½] ejkV~;k ¼,d izdkj dh

xkyh½] dksbZ ¼dqN½] jkrh ¼jkr dks½] ykMw ¼yMMw½] rqfe ¼rqEgksa & rqe lc½]

fe ¼eSa½] ldkj ¼nwljs fnu dk lcsjk½] [kkY;k ¼uhps½] toj ¼ikl½] cj /kkrq

¼cSBuk½A

ekyoh & ukWo] vksdh] Hk; xbZ] jg~;ks] vksuk] vyky] rhuh] br] dgu] yX;ks]

pY;ks] vk;ks] x;ks] ej~x;ks] mRrj~;ks] dlks ¼dSlks½] x;ks] ejj~;ks] eksjks rksjks]

jg x;ksA

NRrhlx<+h & Hkksyk] ejl] efgl] nsbl] /kfjl] vkyk] ckfyl] ekfjl]

if<+l] jbls] muyk] gksflyA

c?ksyh & taxy & ek¡] nbZ ¼nq;Z½] ysbu] xbu] eksj iwafNu] yfxu] nsf[ku]

vkbu] nsbuA

cqUnsyh & gksrk] m ¼Å½] ubZ] djr] dksdh] /kM+h Hkj] /khj] /kj] cuk;ns] pyuksa

Hk;ksa] jkrHkj] fVVju] [kk;yso] ?kksVrsa] vksdk] iqjkou yxkmr&yxkmr]

end] ?kVcM+] èkj[ks] ykvksA

fefJr 'kCn & [kku yk ¼[kku cqUnsyh dk yk ejkBh dk½] ejkBh ds deZ

dkjd dh foHkfDr ^yk^ vusd fgUnh ds 'kCnksa esa yxkdj ,d 'kCn cuk;k

x;k gSA ;Fkk& dekmuyk] mrkyk ¼m/kkj ls½] ngjrhyk] [kkunkuyk] muykA

ldkj HkbZ] cl x;ks] tcj x;ks ¼ejkBh] fgUnh½] LFkkuh; :i & gksfru vrk

¼vr,o½] vkijks ¼viuk½] dgd ¼fdl vksj½] p?k ¼p<+½] ikynw ¼ikyw¡xk½

vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 205

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

iaokjh esa O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk fgUnh O;kdj.k dh rjg gh gSA fgUnh dh rjggh blesa laKk loZuke ds :i feyrs gSaA

laKklaKklaKklaKklaKk

iaokjh cksyh esa laKk 'kCnksa dk izkjaHk Loj vkSj O;atu ls gksrk gSA tSls &

Loj&Loj&Loj&Loj&Loj& b & fdj~u ¼fdj.k½] foo ¼ly Hkjuk½A vk&dqu~jk ¼dqUuk½] uo~jk¼ifr½A b & xksUn~fn ¼I;kt½] ljb ¼,d izdkj dk o`{k½A d & ukrq ¼ukuh½] cNk#¼Hksal dk cPpk½A vks & fnoks ¼feV~Vh dk fn;k½] xjks ¼xyk½A

O;atuO;atuO;atuO;atuO;atu & d & el~rd ¼eLrd½] QjkdA [k & jk[k~] ik³~[kA x & ckx]lkxA ?k & ek?k~] ck?kA p & vfMp~ ¼v<+kbZ½] dq#pA t~ & vukt] lktA >& lk¡>]ck¡>A V~ & [kkV~] ikVA B & vkB] lksaBA M & ?kqcM+] ?kq#MA < & fj<] Ms<A r~ &ojkr~] esgur~A Fk & frjFk~] uFkA n~ & lkjn ¼i{kh fo'ks"k½] flun~A /k & ck¡/k] cq/kAu~ & Qkxqu] fiu~A i & dqyqi] >ksi~A Q & xksQ] dQA c & [kkEc] fdrkcA Hk &ykHk yknA e & eye~] ?kkeA ; & xk;] pk;A j~ & vkf[kj] mrkjA y~ & mFky]deyA o & vko~] dklo] tko] [kkoA l & mikl] dklA

laKk ds :ilaKk ds :ilaKk ds :ilaKk ds :ilaKk ds :i

iaokjh esa laKk 'kCnksa ds ik¡p :i feyrs gSa & 1- O;fDrokpd laKk& csuhjke]lq[kyky] jkeiqjA 2- tkfrokpd laKk& gfRr] ?kksM+k] igkM+ vkfnA 3- HkkookpdlaKk& [kVkl] fi;kl vkfnA 4- leqnk;okpd laKk& lsok e.Mfy] Vksfy vkfnA 5-nzO;okpd laKk& Qy] vukt] rkEck vkfnA

fyaxfo/kkufyaxfo/kkufyaxfo/kkufyaxfo/kkufyaxfo/kku

iaokjh esa iqfYyax vkSj L=hfyax nks gh fyax feyrs gSaA uiqaldfyax iaokjh esa ughagSaA iaokjh esa vdkjkUr] bdkjkUr] vksdkjkUr vkSj O;atukUr 'kCn iqfYyax laKk esa gksrsgSaA tcfd L=hfyax laKk esa bdkjkUr] mdkjkUr vkSj O;tukUr 'kCn gksrs gSaA

Qkjlh 'kCnQkjlh 'kCnQkjlh 'kCnQkjlh 'kCnQkjlh 'kCn & iaokjh esa Qkjlh 'kCn feyrs gSaA tSls& xqykc] fdrkc] yksVk]dksfll vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 206

'kCn ;qXe'kCn ;qXe'kCn ;qXe'kCn ;qXe'kCn ;qXe & izk;% izFke 'kCn iqfYyax vkSj f}rh; 'kCn L=hfyax gksrk gS]tSls& eksj cki&ek; vkfnA

mHk;fyaxmHk;fyaxmHk;fyaxmHk;fyaxmHk;fyax & iaokjh esa vaxzsth ls dqN m/kkj fy;s gq, 'kCn gSa] tks mHk;fyaxhgSaA tSls& Mksdsyk ¼fxjfxV½] fpygjk ¼fxjgjh½ vkfnA

opu fo/kkuopu fo/kkuopu fo/kkuopu fo/kkuopu fo/kku & iaokjh esa nks gh opu gksrs gSa& ,dopu vkSj cgqopuA iaokjhesa cgqopu 'kCnksa ,oa izR;;ksa dk iz;ksx izk;% gksrk gh ugha gSaA vc ckyk?kkV] flouh]Hk.Mkjk ds vkl&ikl clus okys iaokj NRrhlx<+h vkSj ejkBh ds izHkko ds dkj.kdqN 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx djus yxs gSaA

dkjd&fo/kku ;k foHkfDrdkjd&fo/kku ;k foHkfDrdkjd&fo/kku ;k foHkfDrdkjd&fo/kku ;k foHkfDrdkjd&fo/kku ;k foHkfDr

iaokjh cksyh esa nks opu vkSj Ng dkjd gaS& drkZ] deZ] dj.k] lEiznku] lEcUèkvkSj vf/kdj.kA bu Ng dkjdksa dks Ng foHkfDr;ksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSA bu lcfoHkfDr;ksa dkss fpà dgrs gSaA bUgsa ijlxZ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;Fkk& ekfj Vqfj;kcfxpk ek ls ¼esjh yM+dh cxhps esa gS½A

loZukeloZukeloZukeloZukeloZuke

iaokjh esa e/;e iq#"k ,dopu ds fy, rw vkSj vU; iq#"k ,dopu ds fy, m^loZuke 'kCn iz;qDr gksrs gSaA blesa fdlh ds fodkjh :i gksrs gSa vkSj fdlh ds ughaAincU/kksa esa loZuke eq[; LFkku ij Hkh vkrk gSA ;Fkk& fe rksjks l³~x cktk# tkgw¡A¼eSa rqEgkjs lkFk cktkj tkÅ¡xh½A

bl okD; esa incU/k ^rksjks lax^ ds lkFk rksjks eq[; LFkku ij gSA

iz;ksx ds vuqlkj iaokjh cksyh esa loZuke fuEukuqlkj foHkDr fd;s tk ldrsgSa& 1- iq#"kokpd loZuke] 2- lEcU/kokpd loZuke] 3- futkokpd loZuke] 4-iz'uokpd loZukeA iaokjh cksyh esa iq#"kokpd loZuke ds rhu :i feyrs gSa & mRreiq#"k] e/;e iq#"k vkSj vU; iq#"kA iaokjh esa lEcU/k okpd ds ,dopu iqfYyax dk:i ^tks vkSj cgqopu esa ^ts rFkk L=hfyax esa Hkh ,dopu esa ^tks vkSj cgqopu esa^ts :i gSaA futokpd loZuke ds vUrxZr o/kkZrVh; iaokjh esa ^vkikyks 'kCn dkiz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA iaokjh esa iz'uokpd loZuke ,dopu esa ^dkSu^ vkSj cgqopuesa ^dktd^ 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 207

fo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.k

iaokjh esa Hkh laKk dh fo'ks"krk crkus okys fo'ks"k.k 'kCn feyrs gSa & eksfB

iqLrd~ ¼eksVh fdrkc½ vkfnA

fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj &fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj &fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj &fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj &fo'ks"k.k ds izdkj &

xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kxq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k & ¼v½ fodkjh ;k :ikUrfjr& ;s fyax opu ds vuqlkj

ifjofrZr gksrs jgrs gSa & eksjks Vqjk dkjks ls] ¼esjk yM+dk dkyk gS½ vU; 'kCn&

fudkxks ¼[kkyh½] ftrks ¼ftrkuk½A iryks ¼iryk½] yEcks ¼yEck½] fln~nks ¼lh/kk½A

¼c½ vfodkjh ;k v:ikUrfjr xq.k okpd fo'ks"k.k& xje~ ¼xje½] [kjkc~

¼cqjk½] xksM+ ¼ehBk½] dqj~ ¼Øwj½] cqfn ¼[kqjnqjk½] ufou ¼uohu½] dUtql ¼datwl½] mFkM+

¼mFkyk½A

la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k & ¼v½ iaokjh cksyh ds la[;kokph fo'ks"k.k 'kCn

NRrhlx<+h vkSj ejkBh la[;kokph 'kCnksa ds vf/kd lehi gSaA iaokjh esa Hkh dbZ izdkj

ds la[;kokph fo'ks"k.k gSaA vf'kf{kr vkSj vui<+ksa ds chp vHkh Hkh chl rd dh la[;k

dk izpyu gSA mnkgj.k& ;sd~] nq;] fru~] pkj] ikp~] l;~] lkr~] vkB~] uo~] nl~]

vdjk]~ ckjk] rsjk] po~nk] lksyk] lr~jk] vV~jk] ,dksful] fcl~ vkfnA

¼c½ Øe okpd la[;k fo'ks"k.k & ifgy~;k] nqljks] frljks] pmFkks] ik¡poks

vkfnA

¼l½ viw.kkZad okpd ;k fHkUurkRed la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k & iko ¼1@4½]

vkn~nks ¼1@2½] imu ¼3@4½] lok ¼1&1@4½] Ms<+ ¼1&1@2½] vfMp~ ¼1 1@2½A

ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k & Fkksj ¼FkksM+k½] cgqr ¼lc½] vj~n & ¼v/k~jks½] ;sr~jks

¼bruk½ vkfnA

lewgokpdlewgokpdlewgokpdlewgokpdlewgokpd & xM+k ¼pkj dk lewg½] pksy ¼pkj dk lewg½] iu~tk ¼ik¡p dk

lewg½] dksfj ¼chl dk lewg½] lodM+k ¼lkS dk lewg½A

lekuqikrh la[;kokpdlekuqikrh la[;kokpdlekuqikrh la[;kokpdlekuqikrh la[;kokpdlekuqikrh la[;kokpd & xqu] frxqu vkfn blds vykok vU; la[;kokpd

fo'ks"k.k Hkh feyrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 208

izR;;izR;;izR;;izR;;izR;;

iaokjh esa dqN fgUnh ds izR;; iz;qDr gksrs gSa vkSj dqN fons'khA bl cksyh esaiz;qDr izR;;ksa dk Lo:i bl izdkj gS &

vb & feBks&vbZ ¾ feBkbA uaxk$vbZ ¾ uaxkbZAvr & Hkkj$vr ¾ HkkjrA [ki~$vr ¾ [kirAvu~ & dj$vu~ ¾ djuA py~$vu ¾ pyuAvu~dks & vko~$vu~dks ¾ vkoudksA fcd~$vudks ¾ fcdudksAvkbZ & eksVk$vkbZ ¾ eksVkbZA vPNks$vkbZ ¾ vPNkbZvkm & ty~$vkm ¾ tykmA fcd$vkm ¾ fcdkmAvkr~ & ys$vkr~ ¾ ys vkrA <y$vkr~ ¾ <ykrAvkj & lu$vkj ¾ lqukjA xe~$vkj~ ¾ xekjAvkyq & n;k$vkyq ¾ n;kyqA d`i$vkyq ¾ d`ikyqAvko~ & igu~$vko~ ¾ igukoA te~$vko~ ¾ tekoAvkl~ & feBks$vkl~ ¾ feBkl~A fi$vkl~ ¾ fivklAbvk & MCck$b;k ¾ fMfc;kA [kkV~$b;k ¾ [kfV;kAbu & yksgkj$bu ¾ yksgkfjuA dykj$bu ¾ dykfjuAb1 & pksj$b ¾ pkfjA xfjc$b ¾ xfjfcAb2 & xqykc$b ¾ xqykfcA /ku$b ¾ /kfuAb3 & Mksdjk$b ¾ MksdfjA Vqjk$b ¾ VqfjAbyks & jl$byks ¾ jflyksA xkaB$byks ¾ xfByksA,jk & yqV$,jk ¾ yqVsjkA cl$,jk ¾ clsjkA,y & [kijk$,y ¾ [kijsyA xksy$,y ¾ xqysyA,yq & ?kj&,yq ¾ ?kjsyqA,yk & vd$,yk ¾ vdsykA Vqd$,yk ¾ VqdsykAvksrk & let~$vksrk ¾ le>kSrkAvksuk & [ksy$vksuk ¾ f[kyksukA fcN$vksuk ¾ fcNksukAd & >y$,d ¾ >ydA Vi$d ¾ VidAds & tksM+$ds ¾ tksM+dsA jp$ds ¾ jpdsAfd & xk;~$fd ¾ xk;fdA Hkl~$fd ¾ HklfdA[ks & yxk;$[ks ¾ yxk;[ksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 209

duk & mn$duk ¾ mndukA vkfid$duk ¾ vkfidukA[kuk & dj~$[ku ¾ dj[kukA cqyk;$[kuk ¾ cqyk;[kukAdj & <qUM$dj ¾ <qUMdjA [kj & cqyk;$[kj ¾ cqyk;[kjA[kksj & ?kql$[kksj ¾ [kql[kksjA vkne$[kksj ¾ vkne[kksjAxj~ & tknq$xj ¾ tknqxjA jQq$xj ¾ jQqxjAxkj & jkst$xkj ¾ jkstxkjA ;kn$xkj ¾ ;knxkjAtksj & de$tksj ¾ detksjAM+k & pke$M+k ¾ peM+kA yqx$Mk ¾ yqxM+k ¼lkM+h½nku & Qqy$nku ¾ QqynkuA dye$nku ¾ dyenkuAnkj & Fkku~$nkj ¾ FkkusnkjA le>$nkj ¾ le>nkjAuk & fcd$uk ¾ fcdukA dj$uk ¾ djukAiu~ & cp~pk$iu ¾ cpiuA ikxy$iu ¾ ikxyiuAckt~ & nxk$ckt ¾ nxkcktA u'kk$ckt ¾ u'kscktAoj~ & tku~$oj ¾ tkuojA uke$oj ¾ ukeojAoku~ & /ku~$oku ¾ /kuokuA xqu$oku ¾ xquokuAokj~ & ekg$okj ¾ ekgokjA gQ~rs$okj ¾ g¶rsokjAlfj & tk;$lfj ¾ tk;lfjA

milxZmilxZmilxZmilxZmilxZ

milxZ dk ewy vFkZ gS ikl [kM+k gqvk ;k ikl ykdj l`tu djus okykA blsfdlh 'kCn ;k /kkrq ds izkjaHk esa tksM+rs gSaA iaokjh cksyh esa milxZ izk;% fgUnh dh Hkkafrgh gaSA izeq[k milxZ bl izdkj gSa &

v & ;g ghurk] vHkko ;k 'kwU;rk dk |ksrd gS &v$/kj~e ¾ v/kj~eA v$dky ¾ vdkyA

vu & ;g Hkh vHkko] ghurk ;k fu"ks/k dk |ksrd gS &vu~$eksy ¾ vu~eksyA vu~$i<+ ¾ vu~i<+A

vi & ;g milxZ ^cqjk^ vFkZ dk |ksrd gSAvi~$eku~ ¾ vi~ekuA vi~$ldqu ¾ vi~ldqu~A

vo~ & bl milxZ dk vFkZ cqjk] ghu ;k uhp gSAvks ¼vo~½$xqu~ ¾ vksxquA

mr~ & ;g miV] Å¡pk vkfn vFkZ dk cks/kd gSAmr~ $ ikr~ ¾ mRikrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 210

mi~ & ;g milxZ lgk;d] xkS.k] NksVk vkfn dk cks/kd gSA

mi~$ljiap ¾ miljiapA mi$lHkkifr ¾ mi~lHkkifrA

dq & ;g milxZ cqjk dk cks/kd gSA

dq$yp~Nu ¾ dqyp~NuA dq$pky~ ¾ dqpky~A

nqj & ;g cqjk ;k dfBu esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA

nqj$tu ¾ nqjtuA nqj$nlk ¾ nqj~nlkA

fu & ;g fu"ks/kkFkZd milxZ gSA

fu$jksx ¾ fujksxA fu$Mj ¾ fuMjA

iz & ij~$y; ¾ ij~y; ¼izy;½A iV~$pkV~ ¾ ij~pkj~ ¼izpkj½A

ifj & pg ^pkjksa vksj^ ;k iw.kZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA

ifj$djek ¾ ifjdjek ¼ifjØek½

ij & bldk iz;ksx ^nwljk^ ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA

ij$ns'k ¾ ijns'k~A ij~$ol ¾ ij~olA

l & ;g ^vPNk^ vFkZ dk cks/kd gSA

l$iqr~ ¾ liqrA l$Qy ¾ lQy~A

lq & vPNk] lQy] T;knk vkfnA

lq$dj~e ¾ lqdjeA lq$tku ¾ lqtkuA

fons'kh milxZfons'kh milxZfons'kh milxZfons'kh milxZfons'kh milxZ

vy~ & vy~$csyk ¾ vy~csyk ¼lqUnj½A

nj~ & nj~$vly ¾ njvlyA

de~ & de$tksj ¾ detksjA

cn~ & cn~$uflc ¾ cnuflc~A cn~$uke ¾ cn~ukeA

cs & cs$dlwj ¾ csdlwjA cs$[kcj ¾ cs[kcjA

yk & yk$irk ¾ ykirkA yk$okfjl ¾ ykokfjlA

lj & lj$iap ¾ ljiapA

lekllekllekllekllekl

iaokjh cksyh esa vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj cqUnsyh dh vU; cksfy;ksa dh rjg

lc izdkj ds 'kCnksa ds la;ksx ls lekl curs gSaA blds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 211

1- rRle & ckHk~gu nsork ¼czkEg.k½ nsorkA xÅ ek; ¼xks&ekrk½A2- v/kZrRle & jkrfnu ¼jkf= fnol½A f=Qy ¼f=iy½A3- ns'kh & [ky~cV~Vk ¼[ky~cV~Vk½A yMqvk iiph ¼yM~Mw vkSj iiM+h½A4- fons'kh & <ksj Mkd~rj ¼i'kq fpfdRld½A ykV~ lkfgc ¼ykV~&lkgc½A

iaokjh cksyh esa fuEufyf[kr lkekfld in~ feyrs gSa &

}U} lekl}U} lekl}U} lekl}U} lekl}U} lekl

ukd dku ¼ukd vkSj dku½A Mkjkikrh ¼Mky vkSj iRrh½A nkj Hkkr~ ¼nky vkSjHkkr½A /kje dje ¼/keZ vkSj deZ½A [ksfr okfj ¼[ksrh ckjh½ vkSj jktk ij~tk ¼jktk vkSjiztk½ vkfnA

rRiq#"k leklrRiq#"k leklrRiq#"k leklrRiq#"k leklrRiq#"k lekl

dkU;k gkml ¼dkath gkml½A xV~lksfy ¼xys dh ekyk½A xkM~;ktks ¼xkM+hoku½Axksu~nk dks Qwy ¼xasnk dk Qwy½A ?kj~ tekbZ ¼nkekn½A ftBkfu ¼tsB dh L=h½A vkSjnso ?kj ¼nsork dk ?kj½A nsojkfu ¼nsoj dh ifRu½ vkfnA v/kje] vuxksjgk ¼vutkus½vkfnA

deZ/kkj; lekldeZ/kkj; lekldeZ/kkj; lekldeZ/kkj; lekldeZ/kkj; lekl

dBqfyEc ¼dMqok uhe½A mMu [kVksyk ¼mM+u [kVksyk½A yky~ dey~ ¼ykydey½A ik.M~jksxk;~ ¼lQsn xk;½ vkfnA

f}xq leklf}xq leklf}xq leklf}xq leklf}xq lekl

lkr [ku~Mk ¼lkr[kaM okyk egy½A poj³~x ¼pkSjax½A fru~ QkVk ¼frxM~Mk½Aiu~pkfefjr ¼iapke`r½ vkfnA

cgqczhfg leklcgqczhfg leklcgqczhfg leklcgqczhfg leklcgqczhfg lekl

fdjrudkj ¼dhrZu djus okyk½A dku~[kksnuk ¼dku [kksnus okyk½A xksriqr#¼nRrd iq=½A fpV~fV lj~i ¼vtxj½ vkfnA

vO;;hHkko leklvO;;hHkko leklvO;;hHkko leklvO;;hHkko leklvO;;hHkko lekl

fur~fnu ¼izfrfnu½A gj&c[k~r ¼gj oDr½A ?kj ihNq ¼izR;sd ?kj ls½A xk¡oikNq ¼izR;sd xk¡o ls½ vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 212

fØ;kinfØ;kinfØ;kinfØ;kinfØ;kin

fdlh dk;Z] ?kVuk ;k vfLrRo dk cks/k djkus okys 'kCn ;k 'kCnlewg dks

fØ;k dgk tkrk gSA izR;sd okD; esa fØ;k vo'; gksrh gSA dbZ LFkkuksa esa fØ;k

izR;{k u gksdj ijks{k gksrh gS vkSj mldk Hkko Li"V le> esa vk tkrk gSA

/kkrq,¡/kkrq,¡/kkrq,¡/kkrq,¡/kkrq,¡

fØ;k ds ewy :i dks /kkrq dgrs gSaA ;g fØ;k dk og va'k gS] tks fØ;k ls

cus lHkh 'kCnksa ;k :iksa esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa gksA tSls& g¡luk] g¡lk] g¡luk esa

g¡l /kkrq gSA gkuZys ds vuqlkj fgUnh /kkrqvksa dh la[;k 582 gSaA iaokjh cksyh dh

èkkrqvksa dks fuEu izdkj foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS& ewy /kkrq,¡ vkSj ;ksfxd èkkrq,¡A

1- ewy /kkrq,¡1- ewy /kkrq,¡1- ewy /kkrq,¡1- ewy /kkrq,¡1- ewy /kkrq,¡ & iaokjh esa ewy /kkrqvksa dks bl izdkj foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS&

v-v-v-v-v- izkphu laLd`r ls vk;h /kkrq,¡ & mitsc~ ¾ mRiUu gq, ¼ laLd`r&mRiu½]

pqu~rs ¾ pquuk ¼la-&pqufr½] tku~ls ¾ turk gS ¼la-&tkukfr½ ukp~ls ¾ ukprk gS

¼laLd`r½A

c-c-c-c-c- milxZ ls ?kqyhfeyh /kkrq,¡ & mx ls ¾ mxrk gS ¼izk-&mXx;] la-&

mn~xr½ m?kM~ ls ¾ m?kM~rk gSA ¼la-&mn~$?kkV;fr½] mNky ls ¾ mNkyrk gS ¼la-

&mr~$py½] ijksls ¾ ijkslk ¼la-&ifj$os'ko½A

l-l-l-l-l- izkphu vkSj e/; dkyhu vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa ls iaokjh esa vk, /kkrq 'kCn &

dekolsfr¾ dekrs gSaA ¼la-& dFk;kfe½ dqV~ ls ¾ dVqrk gS ¼ izk-& dqV~V½ lV~dlso

¾ f[kld x;kA ¼la& ljDy~$x;~½ [kk ls ¾ [kkrk gSA ¼la-&[kkn~½ ?kV~ ls ¾ ?kVkrk

gS ¼la-& ?kV;fr½ pV~ ls ¾ pjrk gS ¼la-& pj½ vkfnA

n-n-n-n-n- e/;dkyhu Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa ls iaokjh esa vk;h /kkrq,¡ & my~V fn;k

¾ myVk fn;k ¼izk-&myaM½ [ksy~ ls ¾ [ksyrk gS ¼vi-& [kYy½ pkg~ ls ¾ pkgrk

gS ¼vi-&pkg½ >qy ls ¾ >wyrk gS ¼izk-& >qYy½ A

b-b-b-b-b- vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa ls iaokjh esa vk;s /kkrq:i & dksV~ ls ¾ da?kh

djsA [k;~ ls ¾ dhpM+ esa /k¡lsA [ksfn ls ¾ Hkxk;kA [kksn~ ls ¾ [kksnkA pqj ls ¾

pqjrk gSA Nsdsao ¾ jksdk vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 213

2- ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡2- ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡2- ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡2- ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡2- ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡

iaokjh esa ;kSfxd /kkrq,¡ Hkh feyrh gSaA blds nks :i gSa& izsj.kkFkZd vkSj

ukfedA

v- izsj.kkFkZdv- izsj.kkFkZdv- izsj.kkFkZdv- izsj.kkFkZdv- izsj.kkFkZd & blds Hkh nks izdkj ds 'kCn feyrs gSa &

izFke izsj.kkFkZd & ikslk] csyk] m?kM+k] fpjk] nqgkA

f}rh; izsj.kkFkZd & ikslok] csyok] m/kM+ok] fpjok] nqgokA

c- ukfed /kkrq,¡ c- ukfed /kkrq,¡ c- ukfed /kkrq,¡ c- ukfed /kkrq,¡ c- ukfed /kkrq,¡ & ukfed 'kCn dh jpuk uke ls gqbZ gS] vFkkZr~ uke ls

cuus ds dkj.k bls ukfed dgrs gSa] ;Fkk & myV~uk¾myV~ ¼mYyB½A xHkukuk¾

xjHk ¼xHkZ½A ldsy~uk¾ ldsyA filuk¾ fil¼ filbZ fiu~f"V½A

fØ;k ds izdkjfØ;k ds izdkjfØ;k ds izdkjfØ;k ds izdkjfØ;k ds izdkj

fgUnh vkSj cqUnsyh dh vU; cksfy;ksa dh rjg gh iaokjh esa Hkh fØ;k nks izdkj

dh gksrh gS&vdeZd fØ;k vkSj ldeZd fØ;kA iaokjh esa vdeZd fØ;k ds nks :i

feyrs gSa &

¼d½ iw.kZ vdeZd fØ;k & eksgu tkls ¼eksgu tkrk gS½A

ekuql tklsfl ¼euq"; tkrs gSa½A

¼[k½ viw.kZ vdeZd fØ;k & m cM+ks gqlkj~ ls ¼og cM+k prqj gS½A

eksjks pkdj csbeku~ ls ¼esjk ukSdj csbZeku gS½A

ldeZd fØ;k & iaokjh esa ldeZd fØ;k ds rhu :i feyrs gSa] tks fuEu izdkj gSa&

¼d½ iw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k & jke jksfV [kk ls ¼jke jksVh [kkrk gS½

lksgu vkEck csfpl~ ¼lksgu vke csp jgk gS½

¼[k½ viw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k & jkedfy us vkifj Vqfj yk iNju~ dks diM+k nsbl~A

¼jkedyh us viuh yM+dh dks iguus ds fy,

diM+k fn;k½A

¼x½ f}deZd fØ;k & egs'k yk buke~ fn;ks x;ksA

¼egs'k dks buke fn;k x;k½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 214

fØ;k:iks a dk fodkjfØ;k:iks a dk fodkjfØ;k:iks a dk fodkjfØ;k:iks a dk fodkjfØ;k:iks a dk fodkj

iaokjh cksyh esa fØ;k ds :iksa esa fodkj okP;] iz;ksx vFkZ vkSj dky ds dkj.k

gksrs gSaA budk fooj.k fuEu izdkj gS&

okP; & okP; rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

1- dr`ZokP;1- dr`ZokP;1- dr`ZokP;1- dr`ZokP;1- dr`ZokP; & jke x;ks ¼jke tk jgk Fkk½A fe i<~lq ¼eSa i<+rk gw¡½A

2- deZokP;2- deZokP;2- deZokP;2- deZokP;2- deZokP; & fcekj~ yk nok ns nsbl ¼chekj dks nok ns nhA

3- HkkookP;3- HkkookP;3- HkkookP;3- HkkookP;3- HkkookP; & vksyk py~ ds ufg gks;~ ¼mlls vc pyk ugha tkrk½A

iz;ksxiz;ksxiz;ksxiz;ksxiz;ksx & iz;ksx Hkh rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

1- drZ`fj iz;ksx1- drZ`fj iz;ksx1- drZ`fj iz;ksx1- drZ`fj iz;ksx1- drZ`fj iz;ksx & lhrk fpfB fy[k ls ¼lhrk fpV~Bh fy[krh gS½A

2- deZf.k iz;ksx2- deZf.k iz;ksx2- deZf.k iz;ksx2- deZf.k iz;ksx2- deZf.k iz;ksx & Vqjk u dqj~rk cuok;ks ¼yM+ds us dqrkZ cuok;k½A

3- Hkkos iz;ksx3- Hkkos iz;ksx3- Hkkos iz;ksx3- Hkkos iz;ksx3- Hkkos iz;ksx & Vqjk u Vqfj dks cqyk;ks ¼yM+ds us yM+dh dks

cqyk;k½A

vFkvFkvFkvFkvFkZ & vFkZ ik¡ap izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

1- fu'p;kFkZ1- fu'p;kFkZ1- fu'p;kFkZ1- fu'p;kFkZ1- fu'p;kFkZ & Vqjk us dqj~rk cuok;ks ¼yM+ds us dqrkZ cuok;k½A

2- lEHkkoukFk2- lEHkkoukFk2- lEHkkoukFk2- lEHkkoukFk2- lEHkkoukFkZ & fe dqnq] fe i<q ¼D;k eSa i<waxk½A

3- lansgkFkZ3- lansgkFkZ3- lansgkFkZ3- lansgkFkZ3- lansgkFkZ & xksiky us fy[kks gks;s ¼xksiky us fy[kk gksxk½A

4- ladsrkFk4- ladsrkFk4- ladsrkFk4- ladsrkFk4- ladsrkFkZ & vksu~ vf/kd dke dfj jgsl ym lqf[k gks;sl~A mls vf/kd

dke fd;k gksrk rks lq[kh gksrkA

5- vkKkFkZ5- vkKkFkZ5- vkKkFkZ5- vkKkFkZ5- vkKkFkZ & rq tk] rq cksy] m xgsA

dkydkydkydkydky

iaokjh cksyh esa dky ds rhuksa :i feyrs gSaA fgUnh vkSj cqUnsyh dh vU;

cksfy;ksa dh rjg gh iaokjh esa rhu dky gksrs gSa& orZeku dky] Hkwrdky vkSj Hkfo";

dkyA bldk fuf'pr fooj.k fuEu izdkj gS &

orZeku dkyorZeku dkyorZeku dkyorZeku dkyorZeku dky & orZeku dky esa ,dopu vkSj cgqopuA rhuksa :iksa] mRre

iq#"k] eè;e iq#"k vkSj vU; iq#"k esa mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA iaokjh cksyh esa tk^ vkSj

^cl~ /kkrq ds lkFk&lkFk orZeku dky esa vU; /kkrq,¡ Hkh iz;qDr gksrh gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 215

mRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"k & ns[kql ¼ns[k½ & fe ns[kql ¼eSa ns[krk gw¡½Avkolq ¼vko~½ & fe vkolq ¼eSa vkrk gw¡½Atklq ¼tk½ & fe tklq ¼eSa tkrk gw¡½Ans[k ltu~ & vkfe ns[kltu~ ¼ge ns[krs gSa½ vkfnA

e/;e iq#"k e/;e iq#"k e/;e iq#"k e/;e iq#"k e/;e iq#"k & [kklsl~ ¼[kk½ & rq [kklsl~ ¼rw [kkrk gS½AmBlsl ¼mB½ & rq mBlsl~ ¼rw mBrk gS½Acksylsl ¼cksy½ & rq cksylsl~ ¼rw cksyrk gS½ vkfnA

vU; iq#"k vU; iq#"k vU; iq#"k vU; iq#"k vU; iq#"k & Hkqd ls ¼Hkqd~½ & m Hkqd~ls ¼og Hkw¡[krk gS½Aekj ls ¼ekj½ & m ekj~ls ¼og ekjrk gS½AiM~ ls ¼iM~½ & m iM+ls ¼og fxjrk gS½ vkfnA

HkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdkyHkwrdky & iaokjh esa Hkwrdky ds :iksa vdeZd vkSj ldeZd /kkrqvksa ds :iLi"V fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA blesa Hkh nks opu vkSj rhu iq#"k :i feys gSaA izeq[k /kkrq,¡^tk^ ^gks ^cl^ ^bl^ ^dg^ ^ck^ vkfn feyrh gSaA

Hkfo";dkyHkfo";dkyHkfo";dkyHkfo";dkyHkfo";dky & iaokjh esa Hkfo";dky ds :i] /kkrq esa dky opu vkSj iq#"kn'kZd izR;; cuk;s tkrs gSa] ;s Ng gSaA mnkgj.k ds :i esa dj^ /kkrq ns[kh tk ldrh gS&

,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu,dopu cgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopucgqopu

mRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"k & d# dj~fcu~

e/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"k & dj~tks djks

vU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"k & djs djsl~ ¼vkfn½ blh rjg vU; /kkrqvksa dks Hkhle>k tk ldrk gSA

d`nUrd`nUrd`nUrd`nUrd`nUr

iaokjh cksyh esa fuEufyf[kr d`nUr la;qDr fØ;kin ds ?kVd cudj mi;ksxesa yk;s tkrs gSa &

fufeRrokpdfufeRrokpdfufeRrokpdfufeRrokpdfufeRrokpd

d- ^vu~ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin ^ dj~$vu~ ¾ dju~ ¼d#¡½A[k- ^vu~ vkSj ^yk^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;k in & cuko$vu~$yk ¾cukoy~yk ¼cukus ds fy,½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 216

viw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdviw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdviw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdviw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdviw.kZ fØ;k|ksrd

¼d½ vr~ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & ekj~$vr ¾ ekjr~ ¼ekjrs gq,½A

¼[k½ ^rk^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & lk³~x$rk ¾ lk³~xrk ¼crkrs½A

fØ;k lekfIrokpdfØ;k lekfIrokpdfØ;k lekfIrokpdfØ;k lekfIrokpdfØ;k lekfIrokpd

¼d½ ^ds izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & tksM+$ds ¾ tksM+ds ¼tksM+dj½A

¼[k½ ^[ks izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & cqyk;$[ks ¾ cqyk;~[ks ¼cqykdj½A

¼x½ ^duk^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & mV~$duk ¾ mV~duk ¼mBdj½A

¼?k½ ^[kuk^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & dV~$[kuk ¾ dV[kuk ¼djds½A

¼³½ ^[ku^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & gsM~$[ku ¾ gsM~[ku~ ¼[khapdj½A

¼p½ ^d^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & <qUM$dj ¾ <qUMdj~ ¼[kkstdj½A

¼N½ [kj^ izR;; ls cuus okys fØ;kin & cqyk;$[kj ¾ cqyk;[kj ¼cqykdj½A

Hkfo";okpdHkfo";okpdHkfo";okpdHkfo";okpdHkfo";okpd

dqN ,sls d`nUr izR;; & vko~$vu~dks ¾ vkou~dks ¼vkus dk½A

iw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdiw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdiw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdiw.kZ fØ;k|ksrdiw.kZ fØ;k|ksrd

¼d½ ^ykd^ izR;; & mVs$ykd ¾ mVsykd~ ¼mBrs ls gh½A

¼[k½ ^lfj^ izR;; & tk;$lfj ¾ tk;lfj ¼tkrs gh ls½A

¼x½ ^ij^ izR;; & vk;ks$ij~ ¾ vk;ksij ¼vkus ij½A

/kkrqlkf/kr laKk/kkrqlkf/kr laKk/kkrqlkf/kr laKk/kkrqlkf/kr laKk/kkrqlkf/kr laKk

izR;; ^uk^ & fcd~$uk ¾ fcd~uk ¼cspuk½ vkfn blh rjg lsA

iaokjh cksyh esa vO;;iaokjh cksyh esa vO;;iaokjh cksyh esa vO;;iaokjh cksyh esa vO;;iaokjh cksyh esa vO;;

ijlxZijlxZijlxZijlxZijlxZ & foHkfDr vkSj izR;;ksa ds vuqlkj gh laKk'kCnksa dk lEcU/k okD; ds

vU; ?kVdksa ls tksM+us dk dke ijlxZ djrs gSA iaokjh esa ijlxZ dh i;kZIr ppkZ

feyrh gS& eksjks cfguuksa xkuk dfgl~A ¼esjh cfgu us xkuk xk;k½A

1- lEiznk; dkjd esa ^yk^ ijlxZ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA dgha&dgha ^yk^ deZ

|ksrd gS& muyk lc~yk tsou~ yk cqyko ¼mu lck dks [kkus ds fy, cqyko~½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 217

2- dks lEcU/k dkjdh; ijlxZ |ksrd izR;; gS& fe lc~dks e³xyd~ vk;ksA¼eSa lcds ihNs ls vk;k½A

3- ^e^ vf/kdj.k dkj.k |ksrd ijlxZ gS& m [ksr~ ek yd~ x;ksA ¼og [ksr esals x;k½A

fuikr fuikr fuikr fuikr fuikr & iaokjh cksyh esa dfri; ,sls vO;; 'kCn gSa tks] okD; esa fdlh 'kCn;k in fo'ks"k ij cy nsus ds fy, ml 'kCn ;k in ds ckn iz;qDr gksrs gSaA ,sls 'kCnksadks ^fuikr^ dgrs gSa &

1- p~ laKk & Nkrkp~ ¼Nkrk gh½] HkaMkjkp~ ¼HkaMkjk gh½Afo'ks"k.k & dkjksp~ ¼dkyk gh½] ik.Mjksp~ ¼lQsn gh½AfØ;kfo'ks"k.k & vkxqp~ ¼vkxs gh½] vyxsp~ ¼vyxkgh½A

2- ,p laKk & ckisp ¼ckigh½] fdrkcsp ¼fdrkc gh½AloZuke & ekjksp~ ¼esjkgh½] rksjksp ¼rqEgkjk gh½Afo'ks"k.k & [kjkcsp ¼[kjkcgh½] nlsp~ ¼nl gh½AfØ;kfo'ks"k.k & fuiVsp~ ¼fcydqy gh½A

3- vks laKk & fdrkcksa ¼fdrkc Hkh½AloZuke & dksuks ¼dksbZ Hkh½] tksuks ¼tks Hkh½A

fØ;kfo'k s"k.kfØ;kfo'k s"k.kfØ;kfo'k s"k.kfØ;kfo'k s"k.kfØ;kfo'k s"k.k

fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkus okys vfodkjh 'kCn fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA iaokjhcksyh esa fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk foHkktu rhu izdkj ls fd;k x;k gS& :i ds vuqlkj]iz;ksx ds vuqlkj vkSj vFkZ ds vuqlkjA

1- :i ds vuqlkj1- :i ds vuqlkj1- :i ds vuqlkj1- :i ds vuqlkj1- :i ds vuqlkj & iaokjh cksyh esa rhu izdkj ds fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCn feyrsgSa & ewy] ;kSfxd vkSj LFkkuh;A

¼d½ ewy 'kCn & tcj] nqnqj] fQj] vkxs] ikNwA¼[k½ ;kSfxd 'kCn & ikgkV~ ys] vp~Nks ls] dgrs] pyr] [kkr~&[kr] dc~A¼x½ LFkkuh; & 1- laKk & Vqjk dks gkr~ ugkuks lsfrA ¼yM+ds ds gkFk NksVs gSaa½A

2- loZuke2- loZuke2- loZuke2- loZuke2- loZuke & fe [kkm¡ ¼eSa Hkh [kÅ¡xk½A

3- fo'ks"k.k3- fo'ks"k.k3- fo'ks"k.k3- fo'ks"k.k3- fo'ks"k.k & ijes'ojfu dksu cM+ks ¼ijes'oj ls dkSu cM+k gS½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 218

4- orZeku dkfyd dnUr4- orZeku dkfyd dnUr4- orZeku dkfyd dnUr4- orZeku dkfyd dnUr4- orZeku dkfyd dnUr & gfRr >qer vkols ¼gkFkh >werk gqvk vk jgk gS½A

5- Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr 5- Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr 5- Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr 5- Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr 5- Hkwrdkfyd d`nUr & ok Vqfj ?kcjkuks Hkkx~ x;ksA

6- iw.kZdkfyd d`nUr6- iw.kZdkfyd d`nUr6- iw.kZdkfyd d`nUr6- iw.kZdkfyd d`nUr6- iw.kZdkfyd d`nUr & m >kyM+k iM~ds ekj~ x;ks ¼og >kM+ ls fxj dj ej x;k½A

vO;; ds vU; izdkjvO;; ds vU; izdkjvO;; ds vU; izdkjvO;; ds vU; izdkjvO;; ds vU; izdkj

1-laca/k lwpd vO;;] 2- leqPp; cks/kd vO;;A

iaokjh cksyh dk okD;foU;kliaokjh cksyh dk okD;foU;kliaokjh cksyh dk okD;foU;kliaokjh cksyh dk okD;foU;kliaokjh cksyh dk okD;foU;kl

iaokjh cksyh esa NksVs vkSj cM+s nksuksa izdkj ds okD; feyrs gSaA iaokjh esa jpukdh n`f"V ls pkj izdkj ds okD; ns[ks tkrs gSa & ¼d½ lk/kkj.k okD;] ¼[k½ mi okD;]¼x½ feJ okD;] ¼?k½ la;qDr okD;A

d- lk/kkj.k okD;d- lk/kkj.k okD;d- lk/kkj.k okD;d- lk/kkj.k okD;d- lk/kkj.k okD; & lk/kkj.k okD; esa ,d mn~ns'; vkSj ,d fo/ks; gksrkgSA izR;sd okD; dk izeq[k vax mn~ns'; gSaA bls gh drkZ Hkh dgrs gSa& m ekuqlvUèkjk ls ¼og vkneh va/kk gS½A lk/kkj.k okD; ds ik¡p izdkj gksrs gSa& vdeZdh;],d deZdh;] f}deZdh;] drkZiwjd vkSj deZiwjdA

[k- miokD;[k- miokD;[k- miokD;[k- miokD;[k- miokD; & tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd ljy okD;ksa dks feykdj ,d okD;cuk;k tkrk gS] rc ,d okD; esa feyus okys nwljs okD; dks miokD; dgrs gSaAiaokjh cksyh esa miokD; nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & vkfJr miokD; vkSj fo'ks"k.kmiokD;A

vkfJr miokD;vkfJr miokD;vkfJr miokD;vkfJr miokD;vkfJr miokD; & tks iz/kku okD; gksdj nwljs okD;ksa ds vkfJr gksrs gSa&oksdk vk;ksoj~ fe tkgw¡ ¼mlds vkus ij eSa tkÅ¡xk½ ^oksdk vk;ks ij^ ;g vkfJrokD; gSA vkfJr miokD; ds rhu Hksn gSa&

¼v½ laKk miokD;] ¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD;] ¼3½ fØ;k fo'ks"k.k miokD;A

¼v½ laKk miokD;¼v½ laKk miokD;¼v½ laKk miokD;¼v½ laKk miokD;¼v½ laKk miokD; & iaokjh esa laKk miokD;ksa dk iz;ksx fuEufyf[krfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrk gS &

mn~ns'; ds :i emn~ns'; ds :i emn~ns'; ds :i emn~ns'; ds :i emn~ns'; ds :i esa & ;c~ ckr~ dksb ub tkur~ fd esgur dks Qy~ feyrsp~A¼;g ckr dksbZ ugha tkurk dh esgur dk Qy feyrk gS½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 219

deZ ds :i esadeZ ds :i esadeZ ds :i esadeZ ds :i esadeZ ds :i esa & vkfe ub tkur~ fd vkekjks Hkkx~ ek dk fyf[kr~A ¼ge ughatkurs fd gekjs HkkX; esa D;k fy[kk gS½A

iwfrZ ds :i eiwfrZ ds :i eiwfrZ ds :i eiwfrZ ds :i eiwfrZ ds :i esa & eksjks fopkj~ ls fd vc fetu~ lsok ek ftou yxk nsgqaA¼esjk fopkj gS fd vc eSa tulsok esa thou yxk nw¡xk½A

¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD;¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD;¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD;¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD;¼c½ fo'ks"k.k miokD; & iaokjh esa fo'ks"k.k miokD;ksa dk iz;ksx bu fLFkfr;ksaesa gksrk gS &

mn~ns'; ds lkFk mn~ns'; ds lkFk mn~ns'; ds lkFk mn~ns'; ds lkFk mn~ns'; ds lkFk & ;k Vqjk tks rqEgkjks ?kj vkols r dfga Hkkx x;ksA

deZ ds lkFkdeZ ds lkFkdeZ ds lkFkdeZ ds lkFkdeZ ds lkFk & ;k vkiqu] Hkkbyk tks vc ub jgs ekjr~ gksrksA

iwfrZ ds lkFkiwfrZ ds lkFkiwfrZ ds lkFkiwfrZ ds lkFkiwfrZ ds lkFk & ;o~ dksu~ lks ekuql~ ls tu~ vkiqu~] ek;fu tye~] ufga fy;ksA

¼l½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k miokD;¼l½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k miokD;¼l½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k miokD;¼l½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k miokD;¼l½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k miokD; & iaokjh cksyh esa ;s ik¡p izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

dkyokpddkyokpddkyokpddkyokpddkyokpd & tc~ ikfu~ ugha cjls rc~ vdky~ ifMl~A

LFkkuokpdLFkkuokpdLFkkuokpdLFkkuokpdLFkkuokpd & tgka rqe tkls ogka vkekjks HkkbZ ofMa jg~lsA

jhfrokpdjhfrokpdjhfrokpdjhfrokpdjhfrokpd & tlks rq [kklsl fio~lsl rlks lc [kkls fiolsA

ifjek.kokpdifjek.kokpdifjek.kokpdifjek.kokpdifjek.kokpd & tlks&tlks le;~ ijkr~ tkr~ rlks&rlks Hkko~ c<~lsA

dkjdokpddkjdokpddkjdokpddkjdokpddkjdokpd & rq cqjks uk ekuks r rqefu ;sd~ ckr dgw¡A

iz/kkuokD;iz/kkuokD;iz/kkuokD;iz/kkuokD;iz/kkuokD; & tks miokD; esa xkS.k u gksdj iz/kku gks mls iz/kku miokD;dgrs gSaA vksu~ vCH;kl dfj jgsl~ r ikl gks;sA ¼mlus vH;kl fd;k gksxk rks iklgksxk½A

¼x½ fefJr okD;¼x½ fefJr okD;¼x½ fefJr okD;¼x½ fefJr okD;¼x½ fefJr okD; & ftl okD; esa ,d okD; iz/kku gks vkSj mldsvfrfjDr ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd vkfJr miokD; gks rks mls fefJr okD; dgrs gSa& fe tsUnkoj~ ns[kso~ vksUnkcj~ m tfeu~ ij~ iMso gksrksA ¼eSaus ftl le; ns[kk] mlle; ij iM+k Fkk½A

¼?k½ la;qDr okD;¼?k½ la;qDr okD;¼?k½ la;qDr okD;¼?k½ la;qDr okD;¼?k½ la;qDr okD; & ftl okD; esa dksbZ miokD; iz/kku vFkok vkfJr ugks mls la;qDr okD; dgrs gSa & ^fnol Hkj~ dke~ dj~ uk jkfr lksos ¼fnu Hkj dkedj vkSj jkr Hkj lksoks½A

vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; ds izdkjvFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; ds izdkjvFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; ds izdkjvFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; ds izdkjvFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; ds izdkj

iaokjh cksyh esa vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD;ksa ds vkB izdkj feyrs gSa&

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 220

1- fof/kokpd1- fof/kokpd1- fof/kokpd1- fof/kokpd1- fof/kokpd & m ,sd iqLrd fy[krs ¼og ,d iqLrd fy[krk gS½A

2- fo'ks"kokpd2- fo'ks"kokpd2- fo'ks"kokpd2- fo'ks"kokpd2- fo'ks"kokpd & eso~ [kku~ tksx~rk u gk; ¼;g [kkus yk;d ugha gS½A

3- vkKkokpd 3- vkKkokpd 3- vkKkokpd 3- vkKkokpd 3- vkKkokpd & rksyk tkuks ikMs ¼rsjs dks tkuk iM+sxk½A

4- iz'uokpd4- iz'uokpd4- iz'uokpd4- iz'uokpd4- iz'uokpd & rksjk Vqjk dgka lafr \ ¼rsjk yM+dk dgk¡ gSa \½A

5- foLe;okpd5- foLe;okpd5- foLe;okpd5- foLe;okpd5- foLe;okpd & vjs! rksyk dk;~ Hk;~ x;ks \ ¼vjs! rq>s D;k gks x;k \½

6- lUnsgokpd6- lUnsgokpd6- lUnsgokpd6- lUnsgokpd6- lUnsgokpd & m bLdqy~yd vkor~ ps jgks ¼og Ldwy ls vkrk gh gksxk½A

7- ladsrokpd7- ladsrokpd7- ladsrokpd7- ladsrokpd7- ladsrokpd & ;fn ns'k~ ek jkejkt~ gksrkr lktjk lsA ¼;fn ns'k esa jkejkt gks tk;s rks vPNk gS½A

'kSyh dh n`f"V ls okD; izdkj & rhu Hksn

1- f'kfFky okD;1- f'kfFky okD;1- f'kfFky okD;1- f'kfFky okD;1- f'kfFky okD; & ;k eksfj iqLrd~ gk; ¼;g esjh iqLrd gS½A

2- lehd`r okD;2- lehd`r okD;2- lehd`r okD;2- lehd`r okD;2- lehd`r okD; & tlks ukxukFk rlks lk¡iukFk ¼tSl ukxukFk oSls lkaiukFk½A

3- vkorZqd3- vkorZqd3- vkorZqd3- vkorZqd3- vkorZqd & tlks&tlks] rlks&rlksA

fØ;k dh n`f"V ls okD; izdkj & rhu Hksn

1- drZiz/kku okD;1- drZiz/kku okD;1- drZiz/kku okD;1- drZiz/kku okD;1- drZiz/kku okD; & fe vki~yks ?kj ek lso~ ¼eSa vius ?kj esa gw¡½A

2- deZiz/kku okD;2- deZiz/kku okD;2- deZiz/kku okD;2- deZiz/kku okD;2- deZiz/kku okD; & xk; nqn~ nsls~ ¼xk; nw/k nsrh gS½A

3- Hkkoiz/kku okD;3- Hkkoiz/kku okD;3- Hkkoiz/kku okD;3- Hkkoiz/kku okD;3- Hkkoiz/kku okD; & vksyk Qy~ [kku ds vko~fnls ¼mldks Qy [kkus dh bPNk gqbZ½A

inca/kinca/kinca/kinca/kinca/k

tc ,d ls vf/kd 'kCn ,d ca/k gks rc mls okD; dgrs gSaA okD; inksa lscurk gSaA gj cksyh] Hkk"kk dh ,d in ca/k O;oLFkk gksrh gSA iaokjh esa ;s ik¡p izdkjds gksrs gSa & ¼d½ laKk inca/k] ¼[k½ loZuke inca/k] ¼x½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k] ¼?k½ fØ;kinca/k] ¼³½ fØ;k fo'ks"k.k inca/kA

'kCn ¼in½ Øe'kCn ¼in½ Øe'kCn ¼in½ Øe'kCn ¼in½ Øe'kCn ¼in½ Øe

iaokjh cksyh ds miokD;ksa esa lkekU;r% loZizFke drkZ rFkk mlds igys mldkfo'ks"k.k fQj deZ vkSj mlds igys mldk fo'ks"k] mlds ckn iwjd vkSj mlds igysmldk fo'ks"k rFkk var esa fØ;k vkSj mlds igys mldk fØ;kfo'ks"k.k vkrk gSaA ;fnoSdfYid inca/kksa dk iz;ksx u gks rks drkZ$deZ$fØ;k ij vk/kkfjr miokD; lajpukfeyrh gSA ;Fkk & Vqjk vkols ¼yM+dk vkrk gS½ drkZ $ vdeZd fØ;k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 221

fo'ks"k.k vius fo'ks"; ¼laKk½ ds Bhd igys vkrs gSaA ;fn mudk iz;ksxfØ;kRed inksa ds :i esa gksrk gS] rks os vius fo'ks"; ds ckn vkrs gSaA loZukeksa dslkFk rks ;gh fLFkfr feyrh gS& vksdks Hkkb gqlkj gS ¼mldk HkkbZ prqj gS½A

;fn laKkvksa ds iwoZ fo'ks"k.k vk tkrs gS]a rks budk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.kksa ds igysgksrk gSA ;Fkk & dqr~jk tksj~ yxk /kkols ¼dqRrk tksj ls Hkkxrk gS½A

fØ;kfo'ks"k.k lkekU;r% fØ;k ds igys vkrs gSa &

rqe cgkj~ x;kr~ ¼rqe yksx ckgj tkvks½A^u^ ;k ^ij^ ;qDr laKk ds :i lkekU;r% fØ;k ds igys vkrs gSaA

;Fkk & iqLrd Vscy~ ijk ls ¼iqLrd Vscy ij gS½A

lacks/ku & vks Vqjk! ckgsj tk;~ ¼vks yM+dk ckgj tkvks½Aiz'uokpd & rqe dc mBlsl~ ¼rqe dc mBrh gks \½A

foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;foLe;kfn cks/kd vO;;

vksgksA gqlkj Vqfj ckV pqfd ¼vksgks! gksf'k;kj yM+dh jkLrk Hkwy x;h½AvkxzgkRedrk& ;so~ [kku~ tkxr~ uk gk;~ ¼;g [kkus ;ksX; ugha gS½A

udkjkRed 'kCn & fe rqyk dfHkp] ufg ns[kso~ ¼eSaus rsjs dks dHkh ugh ns[kk½Aiaokjh esa ufg] edks] ub] uk] ukgkfr ¼ukg½ udkjkRed 'kCn gSaA

cyk?kkr fuikr & iaokjh cksyh esa NRrhlx<+h ds leku gh cy nsus ds fy, p*dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;Fkk& m dfgap~ ukg;~ ¼og dgha ugha gS½A

vf/k'kklu & vkdks Vqfjyk cqyko~ ¼mldh yM+dh dks cqykvks½A

fyax] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn ls laca/kfyax] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn ls laca/kfyax] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn ls laca/kfyax] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn ls laca/kfyax] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn ls laca/k

iaokjh cksyh esa fgUnh dh vU; cksfy;ksa dh rqyuk esa vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ vUrj;g gS fd orZekudky vkSj Hkfo";dky esa laKkvksa ds fyax ds vuq:i fØ;k ds fyaxesa ifjorZu ugha gksrk] fdUrq Hkwrdky esa vkSj ladsrkFkZ esa gksrk gS& Vqfj cfxpk ekvko~lsfl ¼yM+fd;k¡ cxhps esa vkrh gSaA½] jke ?kj~ x;ks ¼jke ?kj x;k½A

/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofu lewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡iaokjh esa Lojksa dk oxhZdj.k fuEukuqlkj gS &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 222

1- ftg~ok dh n`f"V ls1- ftg~ok dh n`f"V ls1- ftg~ok dh n`f"V ls1- ftg~ok dh n`f"V ls1- ftg~ok dh n`f"V ls & Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa thHk dk dkSulk Hkkx mBrkgS] bl n`f"V ls iaokjh esa cksyh esa Loj rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa %& mPp Loj & b] mAe/; Loj & ,] v] vksA fuEu Loj& vkA thHk dh fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij & vxz Loj& b] ,A dsUnz Loj & v] vkA i'p Loj& m] vksA

2- eq[k [kqyus dh n`f"V ls2- eq[k [kqyus dh n`f"V ls2- eq[k [kqyus dh n`f"V ls2- eq[k [kqyus dh n`f"V ls2- eq[k [kqyus dh n`f"V ls & lao`r & b] ,] v] vkA foo`r & m] vksA

3- ek=k ds vk/kkj ij3- ek=k ds vk/kkj ij3- ek=k ds vk/kkj ij3- ek=k ds vk/kkj ij3- ek=k ds vk/kkj ij & gzLo Loj & b] ,] v] vk] m] vksA nh?kZ Loj &bZ] ,] v] vk] Å] vksA Loj esa /ofu;ksa ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq O;fDrjsdh ;qXeA

1- b & fclu ¼,d uke½ ,& cslu2- b & fiu , & isu3- b & fiu vk & iku4- b & fHkd bZ & Hkh[k5- m & Hkqd Å & Hkw[k6- ,& csV ¼yksgs dh iV~Vh½ vks & cksV~ ¼vaxqyh½7- b & fMjk ¼ikS/kksa dh 'kk[kk;sa½ vks & Mksjk ¼vk¡[k½

Lojksa dk fo'ks"k fooj.kLojksa dk fo'ks"k fooj.kLojksa dk fo'ks"k fooj.kLojksa dk fo'ks"k fooj.kLojksa dk fo'ks"k fooj.k

g`Lo Loj dks mi;ksx esa ykus dh izd`fr gksus ds dkj.k g`Lork vkSj nh?kZrkeqDr:i ls ifjorZu'khy le> esa vkrh gSA lk/kkj.kr% ,d v{kj okys 'kCnksa dsf'k[kjLFk Loj nh?kZ ekywe iM+rs gSaA bu dkj.kksa ls izR;sd Loj ds g`Lo vkSj nh?kZ nksmio.kZ fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

b b mPp; Loj] lao`r Loj gS] ;g Loj /ofu'kCn ds vkfn e/; vkSj vUR; esa vkldrk gSAvkfn & fcBksok ¼foV~By Hkx-½e/; & fcRrk ¼gLruki½vUR; & pqfV ¼pksVh½

b bZ mPp Loj] vxz Lojlao`r] nh?kZ LojAvkfn Loj & bZV~ ¼bZaV½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 223

, , e/; Loj] vxz Lojlao`r Loj] g`Lo LojA;Fkk & vkfnA,M~dk ¼,d taxyh izk.kh½e/; & es.M~dh ¼Hkqtn.M dh Luk;q½

v% v e/; Loj dsUnz LojAlao`rLoj] g`Lo Loj ;Fkk%vkfn & vU;kM~ ¼vukj½e/; & dikV ¼diky½vUR; & fco~ ¼ly Hkjuk½

vk vk fuEu Loj] dsUnz LojAlao`r Loj] g`Lo LojA ;Fkk &vkfn & vktM~j ¼vatqfy½e/; & nkfM ¼nk<+h½vUR; & Mksjk ¼vk¡[k½

m m mPp Loj] i'p Lojfoo`Rr Loj] g`Lo LojA ;Fkkvkfn & cqjk ¼ikoMj½vUR; & vklq ¼vkJq½

Å mPp Loj] i'p Lojfod`r Loj] nh?kZ LojA ;Fkk &vkfn & Åjo ¼xUuk½e/; & Qwad ¼Qwaduk½vUR; & pkyw Vwjk ¼cnek'k cPpk½cks<w ¼vaxqyh½

¼vks½ e/; Loj] i'p Lojfoo`r Loj] g`Lo LojA ;Fkk &vkfn & vksr~jks ¼mruk½e/; & Mksr~fd ¼flj½vUR; & xjks ¼xyk½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 224

¼vkS½ e/; Loj] i'p Loj

foo`r Loj] nh?kZ LojA

;Fkk & i'p pVvkSA

vkfn & [kkSvk ¼T;knk j[kus okyk½

e/; & [kVkSvk ¼[kV~Vk½

la;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Loj

iaokjh esa nks Lojksa dk la;ksx Hkh feyrk gSA bl cksyh esa la;qDr Loj fuEu

izdkj gSa&

Loj la;ksxLoj la;ksxLoj la;ksxLoj la;ksxLoj la;ksx mnkgj.kmnkgj.kmnkgj.kmnkgj.kmnkgj.k

b$m ¾ bm flm ¼flag½

,$b ¾ ,b rksM~nsbl

v$b ¾ vb pbr~ ¼pSRr½] c<bZ ¼c<+bZ½

v$m ¾ vm [kmV~ ¼[kksV½] pkSmFk~jk ¼c<+bZ½

vk$b ¾ vkb nokb ¼nokbZ½] tckbZ ¼tokbZ½

vk$vk ¾ vkvk nkvkft ¼nknk½

vk$m ¾ vkm pkm~j ¼pkoy½] fctkmj ¼HkSalk½

vk$vks ¾ vkvks Hkkoksft ¼tsB½] ckvksfr csgV ¾ ¼dwi ckoM+h½

iaokjh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.kiaokjh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.kiaokjh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.kiaokjh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.kiaokjh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.k

iaokjh esa O;atuksa dk fojks/k Li"V djus ds fy, dqN O;atu /ofu;k¡ fuEu

O;frjsdh ;qXe&ekudksa ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gSa &

vkfn &

i~ iV~Vk ¼dej esa cka/kus dk iV~Vk½

o~ cksM~ ¼gtker djuk½

Hk~ Hkkj~ ¼otu½

r~ rk# ¼rkyq½

n~ nkn~ ¼nk:½

Hk~ HkksM~ ¼yisVuk½

Q~ QkV~ ¼Qkj½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 225

e/; &i~ dki~jk ¼Mjiksd½o~ dko~jk ¼dkSvk½i~ fij~ ¼fupksM+uk½Q~ fQj ¼?kweuk½r~ ekrk ¼pspd½Fk~ ekFkk ¼eLrd½

vUR; &r~ ckr~ ¼nhid dh ckrh½j~ ckj~ ¼vke dh ckSaj½n~ ikn~ ¼iknuk½y~ iky~ ¼Nr½j~ flj~ ¼flj½V~ iksV~ ¼isV½B~ ikB~ ¼ikB½

iaokjh O;atu /ofu;k¡iaokjh O;atu /ofu;k¡iaokjh O;atu /ofu;k¡iaokjh O;atu /ofu;k¡iaokjh O;atu /ofu;k¡

1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu1- Li'kZ O;atu & ;g Hksn mPpkj.k iz;Ru dk gSA bls LQksV /ofu Hkh dgrsgSaA Li'kZ ds iz;Ru }kjk ;s /ofu;k¡ mPpfjr gksrh gSaA buds mPpkj.k esa nks /ofumPpkj.k vaxksa dk ijLij iw.kZ Li'kZ gksrk gS] vkSj blfy, eq[kfooj esa 'okl ok;q dksdgha u dgha vo#) gksuk iM+rk gSA {k.k Hkj #d tkus ds ckn fQj okil /kDdknsdj fudyrh gSA LFkku ds vk/kkj ij buds fuEu izdkj gSa &

1- =~;ks"B~; oxZ & i~] Q~] c~] HkA2- nUR; oxZ & r~] Fk~] n~] /k~A3- ew/kZU; oxZ & V~] B~] M~] <~]A4- daB~; Loj & d~] [k~] x~] ?k~A

=~;ks"B~; oxZ=~;ks"B~; oxZ=~;ks"B~; oxZ=~;ks"B~; oxZ=~;ks"B~; oxZ

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

i~ ¼i~½ ;g v?kks"k] vYi izk.k] =~;ks"B; /ofu gSaA;g 'kCn ds vkfn] e/; vkSj vUR; esa vkldrh gSa&

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 226

vkfn & ikr~fu ¼ikih½e/; & dikj~ ¼diky½vUR; & ysi~ ¼ysi½

nUR; oxZnUR; oxZnUR; oxZnUR; oxZnUR; oxZ

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

r~ ¼r~½ ;g v?kks"k] egkizk.k fojfgr nUR; Li'kZèofu gSA blds mPpkj.k esa thHk dh uksadÅijh elwM+ksa dk Li'kZ djrh gSA ;g 'kCndh rhuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa vk ldrh gS&vkfn & rkj~ ¼rkyw½e/; & cRrk ¼ckr½vUR; & nkr ¼nkar½

ew/kZU; oxZew/kZU; oxZew/kZU; oxZew/kZU; oxZew/kZU; oxZ

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

V ¼V½ v?kks"k vYiizk.k] ew/kZU; Li'kZ /ofu gSAblds mPpkj.k esa thHk dk vxyk HkkxmyVdj dBksj rkyq dk Li'kZ djrk gSA;g Hkh 'kCn dh rhuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa vkldrh gS &vkfn & fVy~³fx ¼?kaVh½e/; & fVyfV~yk ¼[kaM;k i{kh½vUR; & fpeV~ ¼FkksM+k lk½

daB~; oxdaB~; oxdaB~; oxdaB~; oxdaB~; oxZ

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

d~ ¼d~½ ;g /ofu egkizk.k fojfgr daB~; Li'kZ]v?kks"k LQksVd gSA ;g 'kCn dh lHkhfLFkfr;ksa esa mPpfjr gksrh gS &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 227

vkfn & dksgks³~xk ¼dksguh½e/; & [kksd~yk ¼[kkyh½vUR; & ukd~ ¼ukd½

Li'kZ & la?k"khZ O;atu rkyO; oxZ & p~] N~] t~] >~A

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

p~ ¼p~½ iaokjh esa ^p^ miLou nks rjg ls iz;qDrgksrk gSA izFke ^p^ miLou rkyO; v?kks"kvYiizk.k ?k"kZ LQksVd gS vkSj f}rh; ^p^miLou nUR; v?kks"k LQksVd gS &vkfn & xEckj~ ¼xekj½e/; & gqp~fd ¼fgpdh½vUR; & dq#p ¼iSj dh ,sM+h½¼vU; mnkgj.k blh rjg½

ukflD; O;atuukflD; O;atuukflD; O;atuukflD; O;atuukflD; O;atu & ³~] ¥~] .k~] u~] e~] Ug~ A

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

³~ ¼³~½ ;g vYiizk.k daB~; vuqukfld gSA ;g /ofudsoy 'kCn ds e/;e esa vkrh gSAe/; & vk³~xwBk ¼vaxwBk½yk#³~xk ¼yky½i³~[kk ¼ia[kk½¼blh rjg vU;½

ikf'oZd O;atuikf'oZd O;atuikf'oZd O;atuikf'oZd O;atuikf'oZd O;atu & y~

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

y~ ¼y~½ ;g vYiizk.k ;qDr] nUR; l?kks"k ikf'oZdO;atu gSA ;g 'kCn ds vkfn] e/; vkSjvUR; esa vk ldrh gS &vkfn & ykr~ ¼iSj½e/; & cqy~yk ¼cqykuk½vUR; & xky~ ¼diksy½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 228

yqf.Br O;atuyqf.Br O;atuyqf.Br O;atuyqf.Br O;atuyqf.Br O;atu & ^j~

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

j~ ¼j~½ ;g iaokjh esa egkizk.k fojfgr nUR; l?kks"k/ofu gSA 'kCn dh rhuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa ;gmPpfjr gks ldrh gSAvkfn & jsl ¼fjfcu½e/; & cqjk ¼flj ds cky½vUR; & <kacj ¼VwVk&QwVk Hkkx½

la?k"khZ O;atula?k"khZ O;atula?k"khZ O;atula?k"khZ O;atula?k"khZ O;atu & l~ ¼'k~½ g~

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

l~ ¼l~½ ;g vYiizk.k nUR; v?kks"k ?k"kZ.k /ofu gS];g 'kCn dh rhuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa miyC/k gS Avkfn & liu~ ¼LoIu½e/; & f[klk ¼tsc½vUR; & ekl~ ¼ekal½¼vU; mnkgj.k blh rjg gSa½

v/kZLoj v/kZLoj v/kZLoj v/kZLoj v/kZLoj & ;~] o~

LofueLofueLofueLofueLofue miLoumiLoumiLoumiLoumiLou fooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.kfooj.k

e~ ¼e~½ ;g vYiizk.k rkyO; v/kZLoj O;atu /ofu gSA;g 'kCn dh rhuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa vk ldrh gS&vkfn & os:MM ¼vjaMh½e/; & xk;~fd ¼xk;dh½vUR; & lk;~ ¼?kiM+h½¼vU; mnkgj.k blh rjg½

la;qDr O;atula;qDr O;atula;qDr O;atula;qDr O;atula;qDr O;atu

iaokjh esa 'kCn ds vkfn e/;] vUR; esa O;atu la;ksx fn[kk;h nsrk gSA O;atula;ksx nks&rhu vkSj pkj O;atuksa dk iaokjh cksyh esa feyrk gSA O;atu la;ksx fuEuizdkj gSa &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 229

f}O;atukRed la;ksxf}O;atukRed la;ksxf}O;atukRed la;ksxf}O;atukRed la;ksxf}O;atukRed la;ksx &

d~$;~ D;kV~fy ¼dsVyh½[k~$;~ [;ky~ ¼[;ky½x~$j~ xzu~Fk ¼iqLrd½t~$e~ T;k ¼th½i~$;~ I;kyk ¼I;kyk½c~$;~ C;kt~ ¼C;kt½l~$y~ Lyksd~ ¼'yksd½

e/;e O;atu la;ksxe/;e O;atu la;ksxe/;e O;atu la;ksxe/;e O;atu la;ksxe/;e O;atu la;ksx &

d~$d~ gqDdk ¼gqDdk½[k~$o~ i[k~ok ¼i[kokM+k½x~$n~ ckst~nk ¼va/kdkje; Hkkx½?k~$;~ ck?k~;k ¼ck?k½p~$p~ xfPp ¼xPph½t~$u~ fct~uk ¼oh.kk½V~$B~ feV~Bw ¼rksrk½

vUR; O;atu la;ksxvUR; O;atu la;ksxvUR; O;atu la;ksxvUR; O;atu la;ksxvUR; O;atu la;ksx &

³$x~ po~j³~x ¼iwtk dh pkSd ds½u~$t~ xu~t~ ¼xat½u~$n~ [kku~n~ ¼[kkbZ½e~$c~ [kke~o ¼[kEHkk½

f=O;atukRed la;ksx f=O;atukRed la;ksx f=O;atukRed la;ksx f=O;atukRed la;ksx f=O;atukRed la;ksx & f=O;atukRed la;ksx dsoy e/; LFkku esa gh fn[kk;h nsrk gS &d~$r~$;~ eqd~R;kj ¼goynkj½³~$x~$M~ y³~x~Mk ¼yaxM+k½r~$u~$;~ iqrU;k ¼Hkrhtk½u~$M~$;~ mu~M;kj ¼,d[ksy½e~$c~$M~ xqe~cfn ¼xk¡B½j~$u~$t~ dj~u~ft ¼djath½n~$n~$;~ fon~n~;k ¼fo|k½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 230

prqFkZ O;atukRed la;ksxprqFkZ O;atukRed la;ksxprqFkZ O;atukRed la;ksxprqFkZ O;atukRed la;ksxprqFkZ O;atukRed la;ksx &

³~$x~$u~$;~ cks³~x~U;k

³~$x~$j~$;~ xks³~x~U;kcky ¼,d izdkj dk lkx½

u~$M~$x~$;~ yku~M~X;k ¼rsanqvk½

v{kj O;oLFkkv{kj O;oLFkkv{kj O;oLFkkv{kj O;oLFkkv{kj O;oLFkk

iaokjh cksyh esa de ls de ,d vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd pkj /ofu;k¡ gksrh gSaA

forj.k ds vk/kkj ij bl cksyh esa v{kjksa ds vkB izdkj gksrs gSaA ;s vkB izdkj

lksnkgj.k bl izdkj gSa &

1- Loj1- Loj1- Loj1- Loj1- Loj

v $ Bk;~ ¾ vBk; ¼;kn djds½

fl $ m ¾ flm ¼flag½

Hkk $ vksft ¾ Hkkvksft ¼tsB½

2- Loj vkSj O;atu2- Loj vkSj O;atu2- Loj vkSj O;atu2- Loj vkSj O;atu2- Loj vkSj O;atu

vd $ lk ¾ vdlk ¼phyk½

p $ br ¾ pbr~ ¼pSRr½

pk $ mj~ ¾ pkMj~ ¼pkoy½

3- O;atu vkSj Loj3- O;atu vkSj Loj3- O;atu vkSj Loj3- O;atu vkSj Loj3- O;atu vkSj Loj

vksr~ $ jks ¾ vksr~jk ¼mrjks½

d $ tk ¾ dtk ¼>xM+k½

ml~ $ Vks ¾ mlVks ¼>wBk½

fi $ jks ¾ fijks ¼ihyk½

4- O;atu&Loj vkSj O;atu4- O;atu&Loj vkSj O;atu4- O;atu&Loj vkSj O;atu4- O;atu&Loj vkSj O;atu4- O;atu&Loj vkSj O;atu

vt~ $ ju~ ¾ vt~ju~ ¼vth.kZ½

/kj~ $ fr ¾ /kjfr ¼/kjrh½

ck $ nj~ ¾ cknj~ ¼vkdk'k½

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 231

5- O;atu&O;atu vkSj Loj5- O;atu&O;atu vkSj Loj5- O;atu&O;atu vkSj Loj5- O;atu&O;atu vkSj Loj5- O;atu&O;atu vkSj Loj

Iyk $ yk ¾ I;kyk ¼I;kyk½ykUM~ $ X;k ¾ vkM~UX;k ¼rsanqvk½

6- Loj & O;atu vkSj O;atu6- Loj & O;atu vkSj O;atu6- Loj & O;atu vkSj O;atu6- Loj & O;atu vkSj O;atu6- Loj & O;atu vkSj O;atu

vkUn $ jk ¾ vkUn~jk ¼va/kk½vk³~x $ Bk ¾ vkaxBk ¼vaxwBk½vkMu~ $ x ¾ vk³~x ¼'kjhj½

7- O;atu & O;atu] Loj vkSj O;atu7- O;atu & O;atu] Loj vkSj O;atu7- O;atu & O;atu] Loj vkSj O;atu7- O;atu & O;atu] Loj vkSj O;atu7- O;atu & O;atu] Loj vkSj O;atu

v $ U;kM~ ¾ vU;kM~ ¼vukj½vo~ $ H;kl ¾ vo~H;kl ¼vH;kl½

8- O;atu & Loj] O;atu vkSj O;atu8- O;atu & Loj] O;atu vkSj O;atu8- O;atu & Loj] O;atu vkSj O;atu8- O;atu & Loj] O;atu vkSj O;atu8- O;atu & Loj] O;atu vkSj O;atu

eksM~uk & U;k ¾ eks³xU;k ¼is'kkc djuk½cks³~x & U;k ¾ cks³~xU;k ¼xkM+h ek[kus dk½

'kCn'kCn'kCn'kCn'kCn

'kCn ds laca/k esa MkW- jkes'oj vxzoky us fy[kk& ^/kkrq] izfrikfnr /ofuxzkeftl rjg Hkk"kk fo'ys"k.k ds ifj.kke gSa] ml rjg 'kCn rÙo ughaA og rks Hkk"kk dh,d ,slh bdkbZ gS] tks ckg~; txr ls viuk lh/kk izrhdkRed lEca/k j[krh gSA 'kCnesa O;kdjf.kd izR;; yxkdj gh og iz;ksxkbZ curk gS] vFkkZr~ ckg~; txr~ ds |ksrd'kCn dks Hkk"kk ds vUr%{ks= esa izos'k djus ds fy, dqN lEcU/k fu;eksa dk fuokZg djukiMrk gSA^1 blh rjg ls 'kCn ds ckjs esa MkW- d`".kyky gal us Hkh fy[kk& ^fgUnh dsrks D;k laLd`r ds Hkh lHkh 'kCnksa dk /kkrqxr vk/kkj <w¡< fudkyuk laHko ugha tkuiM+rkA^2 bl n`f"V ls 'kCnksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS& /kkrqt vkSj v/kkrqtAiaokjh esa nksuksa izdkj ds 'kCn feyrs gSaA iaokjh cksyh ds 'kCn &Loj vkSj O;atu nksuksals vkjEHk gksrs gSaA fooj.k fuEu izdkj gS &

Loj Loj Loj Loj Loj &

v & ls & vt~ ¼vkt½] vtju ¼vth.kZ½] vco ¼vk'p;Ztud½] v;~ekol~ ¼vekoL;k½] vlirky ¼vLirky½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 232

v & ls & vk³~x ¼'kjhj½] vk³~xu ¼vkaxu½] vkf³~x ¼pksyh½] vkB~ ¼vkB½] vkuftj~ ¼vathj½] vku~tu~ ¼vatu½A

b & ls & blsck ¼foBksck½] br~okj ¼jfookj½] bl~dwy~ ¼fo|ky;½] blrqy~ ¼LVwy½] bl~rfj ¼bL=h½A

m & ls & mpks ¼Å¡pk½] mp~Nko~ ¼mRlo½] mr~jk ¼mRrjk u{k=½] mn~cfr ¼mncRrh½A

, & ls & ,M+dk ¼taxyh tkuoj½] vksus ¼mldks½] vksgks ¼,d mn~xkj½A

O;atuO;atuO;atuO;atuO;atu

d & ls & dfV"k~ ¼gtker½] dikj ¼diky½] dcwnj ¼dcwrj½] dj~tk ¼dtZ½] dye~ ¼ys[kuh½A

[k & ls & [ku~fn ¼[kaMh½] [kkdl ¼[kl[kl½] [kkr~ ¼[kr½] [kkfr ¼yksgkj½] [kkjd ¼NksgkM+k½A

x & ls & x³~xkÅ ¼mRrj fn'kk½] xt+jk ¼os.kh½] xu~tk ¼xkatk½] xu~n ¼xa/k½] xu~ifr ¼x.kifr½A

?k & ls & ?ku~fV ¼?kaVh½] ?kke ¼ilhuk½] ?kql ¼?kwl½] ?kksfM+ ¼?kksM+h½Ap & ls & pbr ¼pS= ekl½] pmd ¼pkSd½] pn~d~ ¼pkd~½] pn~j ¼pknj½AN & ls & NVkd~ ¼NVkd½] NV~dk ¼pkcwd½] Nr~rk ¼N=h½] Ni~ij ¼NIij½At & ls & tfeu~ ¼tehu½] tjk;qt ¼FkksM+k½] toku~ ¼r#.k½] ftc~ ¼thHk½A> & ls & >d~ed ¼pded½] >x~M+k ¼>xM+k½] >ky>qy ¼la/;k@peduk½

>ksjk ¼Fksyh½AV & ls & Vdfy ¼rdyh½] Vk³~x ¼Vkax½] Vki~# ¼tkuoj ds xys esa ca/kh ?kaVh½

Vqfj ¼yM+dh½AB & ls & Bkd~j ¼yV~B½] Bsdk ¼rky½] Bksek ¼eki½AM & ls & Mcuk ¼MCck½] Mkdr~j ¼MkWDVj½] Mqi~fr ¼#eky½A< & ls & <xsy~ns ¼<dsyuk½] <sdqy ¼<sdqy½Ar & ls & riu~ ¼xehZ] Åc½] rc~yk ¼rcyk½] rekdq ¼rackdw½AFk & ls & Fku~ ¼Lru½] Fkku~ ¼diM+s dk Fkku½] FkqVk ¼dVk gqvk½An & ls & nd~fluk ¼nf{k.kk½] nj~tu ¼ntZu½] nkvkft ¼cki½A/k & ls & /kuq"k ¼bUnz/kuq"k½] /kjelkM+k ¼/keZ'kkyk½] /kqok ¼xHkZikr½Au & ls & u[k ¼u[k½] u³~xkjk ¼uxkM+k½] fuosn ¼uSos|½Ai & ls & ix~fM ¼ixM+h½] i³~[kk ¼ia[kk½] ifNuk ¼ilhuk½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 233

Q & ls & Qyyko~ ¼QSyko½] Qj~ ¼Qy½] Qkxqu ¼QkYxqu½Ac & ls & cby ¼cSy½] cfxpk ¼ckx½] cku~n ¼ck¡/kuk½AHk & ls & Hkxr~ ¼Hkor½] Hkkm ¼HkkŽ] Hkkft ¼Hkkth½] Hkqjk ¼xksjk½Ae & ls & ex~/kk ¼e?kk u{k=½] eM~ ¼ey½] ejkj~ ¼ekyh½] ekrj ¼ek=k½A; & ls & ;sd~ ¼,d½] ;srjks ¼bruk½] esj~ ¼osy½] ;sdknl ¼,dkn'kh½Aj & ls & jdr~ ¼jDr½] jkr~ ¼jkf=½] jke~Qj~ ¼jkeQy½] jksfV ¼jksVh½Ay & ls & y³~xksjk ¼yaxksVh½] yk[k ¼,d yk[k½] yksMk ¼yks<+k½] ykMq ¼yM~Mw½Ao & ls & od~ ¼myVh½] cufn ¼caMh½] ol~rj~ ¼oL=½] oksaok ¼vtokbu½Al & ls & ldkj~ ¼dy½] l³~d ¼'ka[k½] lu~rjk ¼larjk½] lkd~fj ¼lkady½Ag & ls & gdky ¼cqykok½] gi~rk ¼lIrkg½] gkr~ ¼gk;½] fg³~x ¼ghax½A

lqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjh

lqjygjh ds laca/k esa MkW- Hkksykjke frokjh dk ekuuk gS& fgUnh esa phuh Hkk"kkvkfn dh Hkk¡fr laxhrkRed Lojk?kkr cgqr egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSa] fdUrq okD; ds Lrj ijmlds }kjk fo'ks"k Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr djus esa lgk;rk vo'; yh tkrh gS^3A iaokjhcksyh esa Hkh lqjygjh viuk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krh gSA mnkgj.k ds :i esa ,d okD;fy;k tk ldrk gS & ^fe ldkfj vkgq¡^ ¼eSa lqcg vkÅ¡xh½

lkekU; vFkZ esa ;g okD; dy vkus dh lwpuk nsrk gS] fdUrq lqjygj dsifjorZu ds dkj.k ;gh okD; fuEu vFkZ dk |ksrd cu tkrk gS &

1- fe ldkfj vkgq¡ & ^ldfj^ 'kCn ij cy nsus ls ;g okD; fu'p;kRed |ksrd gSA

2- fe ldkfj vkgq¡ & ^vkgw¡^ ij cy nsus ls ;g okD; iz'uokpd gSA3- fe ldkfj vkgq¡ & ^fe^ ij vf/kd vkSj vkgq¡ ij de cy nsus ls ;g okD;

fpUrukRed gSA4- fe ldkfj vkgq¡ & ldkfj^ ij dqN vf/kd vkSj vkgq¡^ ij fdafpr~ de cy

nsdj cksyus ij ;g okD; Øks/klwpd gSA5- fe ldkfj vkgq¡ & ^fe^ ij cy nsus ls ;g okD; vk'p;Zcks/kd gSA

iaokjh cksyh esa 'kCnksa ij lqjygjh us viuk izHkko fn[kk;k gSA ;s 'kCn dbZizdkj ds gksrs gSaA tSls& vk'p;Zcks/kd] ?k`.kklwpd] lEcks/kulwpd] g"kksZn~xkj O;atdvkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 234

cyk?kkrcyk?kkrcyk?kkrcyk?kkrcyk?kkr &

iaokjh esa cyk?kkr Hkh ns[kus dks feyrs gSa] cyk?kkr ds dbZ Hksn Hkh fn[kk;h nsrsgSa& /ofu cyk?kkr] v{kj cyk?kkr] 'kCn cyk?kkr vkSj okD; cyk?kkr vkfnA

izfr/ofu 'kCn & vnjd & mnjd] vpkj & mpkj] pquk & mukAvuqfnr lkekftd 'kCn & iqfy&Fkkuk] dkxn~&iRrj] ctkj~&gkV] /ku&nkSyr]

nok&nk#A

fu"d"kfu"d"kfu"d"kfu"d"kfu"d"kZ

bl izdkj iaokjh cksyh e/;Hkkjr dh ,d micksyh ekuh tkrh gS] bldk {ks=rhu jkT;ksa dks Nwrk gSA bldh lhek js[kk bUgha jkT;ksa ls feydj fufeZr gksrh gSAiaokjh cksyh dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk ejkBh] ekyoh] NRrhlx<+h] c?ksyhvkSj fefJr 'kCnksa ls le`) gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ &

1- MkW- jkes'ojizlkn vxzoky( cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u( i`- 159- fo'o fo- fgUnh izdk'ku y[kuÅ% 19632- MkW- d`".kyky gal( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i( i`- 169-3- MkW- HkksykukFk frokjh( fgUnh Hkk"kk ( i`- 490-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 235

yks/kkUrh cqansyhyks/kkUrh cqansyhyks/kkUrh cqansyhyks/kkUrh cqansyhyks/kkUrh cqansyh

cqUnsyh ds iwohZ {ks= dh micksyh dks yks/kkUrh dgrs gaSA ;g cqUnsyh gehjiqjftys ds if'peh mÙkj Hkkx esa cksyh tkrh gSA bl cqUnsyh :i esa cqUnsyh ls gVdjLFkkuh; cksfy;ksa dk feJ.k ik;k tkrk gSA

yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh dh lhekjs[kk dk fu/kkZj.k MkW- gal ds vuqlkj gehjiqj ftysdk if'peksRrj Hkkx] jkB rglhy] tkykSu ftys ds mjbZ {ks= ls gksrk gSA1 yks/kkUrhdh O;qRifRr vkSj {ks= ds ckjs esa cgqr de lkexzh feyrh gSA

yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh dh O;qRifRr yks/kh jktiwrksa }kjk cksyh tkus ls ekuh x;h gSAnwljh vksj jkBkSj jktiwrksa dh vf/kd la[;k ds chp cksyh tkus ds dkj.k bldksjkBkSjh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& blds cksyus okyksa esa yks/kh jktiwrksadh la[;k vf/kd gksus ls bls yks/kkUrh^ dgk tkrk gSA cqUnsyh ds bl :i dks jkBkSjjktiwr Hkh cM+h la[;k esa cksyrs gSa] blls ;g ^jkBkSjh^ Hkh dgh tkrh gSA^2

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh dk tks :i cksyk tkrk gS] og dqN bl izdkj gS& cM+ Hkb;kdks C;ko gks xvksA dNq fnuu ds ckn lkSnkxj us ;ks ns[kcks pkgks fd muds csVuesa lcls T;knk gqfl;kj dks gS \ Åus vius pkjÅ yjdu dsa lkS&lkS :ib;k ns n,vkSj dvks fd ctkjsa tkdsa tks eusa vk; lks [kjn vkoA pkjÅ Hkb;k vius&vius:ib;k ySdsa ?kj lsa pysA mudsa jLrk esa ,d ryk feyksA os mrS #d x,A pkjÅus mrS jksVh cukdsa [kkbZaA fQj ctkjsa eupkgh phtsa [kjhnos pys x,A^3 bl izdkj

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 236

ykèkkUrh esa tks 'kCn iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa] muesa izeq[k :i ls ;s gSa & cM+ Hkb;k ¼cM+HkkbZ½] :ib;k ¼:i;k½] jLrk ¼jkLrk½] ryk ¼rykc½] pkjm ¼pkjks½] ctkjs ¼cktkj½]lhlk ¼niZ.k½] xqu ¼xq.k½] grkS ¼Fkk½] Fkfj;k ¼Fkkyh½] VkBh ¼Fkkyh½] mUugk ¼diM+k½]Åesa ¼mlesa½] iyd ekjrbZa ¼vk¡[k >idrs½] udfj;k ¼NM+h½] tqjs ¼bdV~Bs gq,½]ifr;kjk ¼tkudkjh ysus ds fy,½] dvkS ¼dgk½ vkfnA

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

cqUnsyh dk ,d :i gksus ds dkj.k yks/kkUrh dh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk izkekf.kdvFkok 'kq) cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA cqUnsyh dh rjg blesa laKk] loZuke] dkjd]foHkfDr;k¡] fØ;k,¡a] viO;;] Loj] O;atu] Lojyksi] lqj] Lojygjh vkfn ik;s tkrs gSa]ftldh foLr`r ppkZ izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds varxZr dh tk pqdh gSA

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

yks/kkUrh esa /ofu lewg izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gS] ij dqN ,slhfo'ks"krk,¡ gS] tks bldks izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls vyx LFkku Hkh fnykrh gSaA fo}kuksa dker gS fd yks/kkUrh yxHkx 'kq) cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA

gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr cqUnsyh dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk gS] fdUrq ml m)j.k esans[kcks pkgks] eupkgh] tgk¡ pkgsa rFkk igq¡p x;s] 'kCnksa esa gdkj dk yksi ugha gSAdgha&dgha [kM+h cksyh dk izHkko Hkh fn[kk;h nsrk gSA ckn] muds] vius izse] pys] osfd] pys x, vkfn 'kCn blh izdkj cgqyrk ls iz;qDr gksrs gSaA

;|fi jkB vkSj mjbZ {ks= esa izpfyr cqUnsyh :i esa dqN vUrj vo'; gS] fdUrqvfèkd vUrj u gksus ds dkj.k bu nksuksa {ks=ksa esa cksyh :i dks ,d gh cksyh ds :iesa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd ;s nksuksa :i jkB vkSjmjbZ {ks= ds :i gSa] ij okLro esa budk lhek foHkktu dfBu gSA jkB vkSj mjbZ {ks=ds e/; Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk og :i Hkh izpfyr gS] tks 'kq) cqUnsyh dgk tkrk gSAbl 'kq) cqUnsyh ds {ks= esa nf{k.k ls jkB dh cksyh vkSj mRrj ls mjbZ dh cksyh?kqlrh vk;h gSA ifj.kke Lo:i cqUnsyh ds bu rhuksa :iksa ¼e/; if'peh gehjiqj] jkBvkSj mjbZ {ks= dh cksyh½ esa cgqr de varj feyrk gSA ;g ns[krs gq, jkB {ks= lsmjbZ {ks= rd dh ¼gehjiqj ftys ds if'peh e/;Hkkx esa fLFkr] jkB ls tkykSu ftysls nf{k.kh Hkkx esa fLFkr] mjbZ rd dh½ cksyh dk ,d gh :i ekudj mls yks/kkUrhdguk vuqfpr u gksxkA yks/kkUrh esa ^vks ds LFkku esa ^vkS dk iz;ksx fn[kkbZ nsrk gS]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 237

tSlk fd ge cM+ks ¼cM+k cqjks&cjkS½] viuS ¼vius½] djkS ¼djks½] xvkS ¼xvks½ vkfn 'kCnksaesa ns[krs gSaA

vkdkjkUr dk vksdkjkUr vFkok vkSdkjkUr iz;ksx cqUnsyh ,oe~ dqN vU;if'peh fgUnh dh cksfy;ksa dh fo'ks"krk gS] fdUrq jkB vkSj mjbZ {ks= dh cksyh esa fj'rsls lacaf/kr dqN ,sls vkdkjkUr 'kCn Hkh gSa] tks ewy :i esa gh iz;qDr gksrs gSa& csVknn~nk] dDdk] eEek vkfn blh izdkj ds 'kCn gSaA

cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=h; :iksa dh rjg cqUnsyh ds ^yks/kkUrh^ :i esa Hkhvfèkdj.k dkjd dk ijlxZ ,dkjkUr vFkok ,sdkjkUr gksrk gSA ;Fkk& ?kjs vFkok ?kjS]ctkjs vFkok ctkjS] Nk¡ojs vFkok Nk¡ojS vkfnA

loZuke 'kCnksa esa r`rh; iq#"k ,dopu ^og^ ds fy, ^cks vFkok ^ckS dk iz;ksxgksrk gS] ftldk L=hfyax :i ^ck^ gSA

ladsrcks/kd fo'ks"k.k ;g] og ds fy;s ^tkS^ rFkk ^ckS^ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

yks/kkUrh&{ks= dh nf{k.kh lhek Nrjiqj ftys dh mRrjh lhek ls layXu gSAbl lhekorhZ Hkkx dh cksyh esa Nrjiqj ds mRrjh Hkkx dh rjg [kksa vFkok [kkSa dkiz;ksx Hkh feyrk gSA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh esa dgha&dgha [kM+h cksyh dk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA yks/kkUrhesa ^vks ds LFkku ij ^vkS^ dk iz;ksx vf/kd gqvk gSA vkdkjkUr dk vksdkjkUr vFkokvkSdkjkUr Hkh yks/kkUrh dh ,d fo'ks"krk gSA ijlxZ ,dkjkUr vFkok ,sdkjkUr gksrkgSaA loZuke r`rh; iq#"k ,dopu ^og^ ds fy, ^cks vFkok ^ckS dk iz;ksx gksrk gS]ftldk L=hfyax :i ck^ gks tkrk gSA [kksa vFkok [kkSa ds LFkku ij [kk^ dk iz;ksxfeyrk gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 401-

2- MkW- x.ks'khyky cq/kkSfy;k ( izk/;kid Mh-,-ch- bUVj dkyst] jkB ls izkIr dgkuh dk va'k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 238

cukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjh cqUnsyhcukQjh cqUnsyh

cqUnsy[k.M ds iwohZ {ks= dh cksfy;kas esa cuQjh] cuijh vFkok cukQjh viukegÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krh gSA cqUnsyh ds laiw.kZ {ks= dks dbZ vU; micksfy;ksa esa foHkkftrfd;k tkrk gSA cukQjh muesa ls ,d gSA MkW- fxz;lZu us fy[kk gS fd& cqUnsy[k.M,tsUlh dk mRrjh Hkkx vkSj iwohZ Hkkx eq[;r% cukQjh cksyh dk crk;k gSA bldsvfrfjDr mudh ekU;rk ds vuqlkj Nrjiqj ftys dk ykSaM+h {ks=] iUuk jkT; dkèkeZiqj ijxuk] ukSxk¡o] jsokbZ] xkSjhgj] csjhtkxhj rFkk vt;x<+ vkSj ckmuh jkT; HkhcukQjh Hkk"kk {ks= ds varxZr vkrs gSaA bldk {ks= gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.k iwohZ HkkxrFkk iwoZ esa c?ksy[k.M ds ukxkSn rFkk eSgj jkT; ds if'peh Hkkx rd foLr`r gSA^1

blds {ks= ds laca/k esa ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& orZekugehjiqj ftys dk leLr nf{k.k&iwohZ Hkkx] ftlesa egksck] eks?kk vkSj pj[kkjh rglhyfLFkr gS]* orZeku Nrjiqj ftys dh ykSaM+h rglhy rFkk orZeku iUuk ftys dhvt;x<+ rglhy ,oa mlesa layXu bl ftys dk iwohZ Hkkx cukQjh cksyh dk {ks=dgk tk ldrk gSA*2 MkW- fxz;lZu us bl cksyh ds cksyus okyksa dh la[;k rhu yk[kpkyhl gtkj pkj lkS crk;h gSA orZeku esa bl cksyh :i dks cksyus okys cgqr la[;kesa gSA cukQjh ds {ks= esa e/;izns'k dk mRrjh&iwohZ Hkkx rFkk dqN mRrjizns'k dkHkkx Hkh blds varxZr fy;k tkrk gSA cukQjh Hkh {ks= ds vuqlkj nks&rhu cksfy;ksadk fefJr :i gSA bl laca/k esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS & ^cukQjh ds tks :i izkIrgSa] mUgsa nks :iksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,d :i og gS ftls c?ksyh fefJrcqUnsyh dk :i dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj nwljk :i og gS] ftls cqUnsyh :i dgukvf/kd ;qfDrlaxr tku iM+rk gSA^3

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 239

MkW- gal us c?ksyh ds {ks= vkSj lhekvksa dks dqN fuf'pr {ks=ksa esa foHkDr fd;kgSA tgk¡ cqUnsyh dk LFkkuh; :i iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA muds vuqlkj cukQjh dstks {ks= gSa] os gSa& cqUnsyh iz/kku cukQjh] egksck pj[kkjh {ks= dh cukQjh] ykSaM+h {ks=dh cukQjh vkfnA bu {ks=ksa ds }kjk cukQjh dk lhekadu fd;k tkrk gSA

cukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrcukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrcukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrcukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrcukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRr

cqUnsyh dh cukQjh micksyh dh tc ge ppkZ djrs gSa] rc gekjs lkeus ,diz'u vkrk gS fd& cukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRr dgk¡ ls gqbZ \ MkW- gal us la{ksi esa dsoy,d okD; ds }kjk cukQjh 'kCn dh O;qRifRr crk nh gSaA muds vuqlkj& ;g izeq[k:i ls cukQjh {kf=;ksa dh cksyh gksus ds dkj.k cukQjh dgykrh gSA^4 /khjs&/khjsbldk {ks= foLr`r gks x;k gSA orZeku cukQjh esa vc dbZ vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn feytkus ds dkj.k 'kq) cukQjh dh èkkj.kk yxHkx lekIr gksrh tk jgh gSA cukQjh esavjch] Qkjlh ds lkFk&lkFk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa ds vU; 'kCnksa dk Hkh O;ogkj gksus yxkgSA ysfdu fQj Hkh cukQjh viuh Lora= igpku cuk, gq, gSA

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

tc ge fdlh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh dh ppkZ djrs gSa] rc ;g tkuuk vko';dgks tkrk gS fd ml Hkk"kk] cksyh] micksyh dh 'kCnlkeF;Z D;k gS\ 'kCnlkeF;Z lsrkRi;Z fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ;k cksyh ds 'kCn Hk.Mkj ls yxk;k tkrk gSA cukQjh dk Hkh'kCn Hk.Mkj foLr`r gS] blesa cgqr ls ,sls 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa] tks vU;{ks=h; 'kCnksa ls vyx gSa vkSj bl rjg ds 'kCn cukQjh esa cgqr vf/kd gSaA 'kCnlkeF;Z dh n`f"V ls cukQjh esa ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] os bl izdkjgSa& efugkj ¼O;kikjh½] oSa ¼os½] [kk&ihdSa ¼[kk ihdj½] O;kg ¼fookg½] djSa ¼djus½] ykuSa¼fy;s½] ryklSa ¼ryk'kus½] brS ¼;gk¡½] ryk ¼rkykc½] #[ku ¼o`{k½] Nk;h ¼Nk;k½] żml½] fcfV;k¡ ¼yM+fd;k¡½] [kk¡ ¼dks½] vksEgSa ¼muesa½] vks[kh ¼mldh½] grh ¼Fkh½] ewM+¼flj½] x?kjh ¼?kM+k½] lax ¼lkFk½] rks;s ¼rsjk½] ykmr ¼ykrh½] nvkS ¼fn;k½] lkapÅ¡¼lpeqp½] dksÅ ¼dksbZ½] gksgS ¼gksxk½] ubZa ¼ugha½] ew¡ ¼eq¡g½] vxk# ¼vkxs½] eu;heu ¼eugh eu½] iNkÅ¡ iNkÅ¡ ¼ihNs ihNs½] vksus ¼mlus½] yjdk ¼yM+dk½] gS ¼gks½] lgj¼'kgj½] ryck ¼rykc½] BSj ¼#d½] |kj ¼nsj½] vksgw ¼mldh½] tkSu ¼ftl½] Y;kcrh¼ykrh½] jghl ¼jbZl½] dkSUgkSa ¼dksbZ ugha½] jfgckS ¼jguk½] LokpS ¼lkpusa½] Mkjh ¼nh½]nSoks ¼nsuk½] yjdu ¼yM+dks½] Eok[kk¡ ¼eq>dks½] gok ¼gks½] ck[kks ¼mdlk½] ds[ks¼fdlds½] ys[k ¼yk;d½] Hks ¼gq,½] ek¡ ¼eSa½] mUuSa ¼mlus½] muek¡ ¼mlesa½] mbZ ¼og½]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 240

HkM+ok ¼tk;saxs½] gqbZxk ¼gks x;k½] ,s[ks ¼blds½] vksFks ¼mlls½] Mkfjl ¼Mk;k½] eqagh¼eq>s½] l;ku ¼toku½] ikNw&ikNw ¼ihNs&ihNs½A

cgqr ls ,sls 'kCn gSa] tks dbZ ckj cqUnsyh esa Hkh cksys tkrs gSa vkSj c?ksyh esa HkhaAtSls& blds djSa] djSa ds ykus] HkjS [kk] vksEgSa] vks[kh] rksc] ykmr] gk;ks] vk;s] cuk;sds ykus] iNkš&iNkš] vks[ksa] vksUgSa vkfnA ;s 'kCn c?ksyh cksyh esa gSa& t:j] ijarqbUgsa cqUnsyh dk c?ksyh :i gh dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa c?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnsyh ds gh 'kCndgk tkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^bUgsa c?ksyh ds iz;ksx u dgdjc?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnsyh ds gh iz;ksx dguk vf/kd ;qfDr laxr gksxkA nks cksfy;ksa dslhekorhZ {ks= dh cksyh dk tks :i mu nksuksa cksfy;ksa ds ijLij ds izHkko ls cu tkrkgS] ogh :i bl cqUnsyh iz/kku cukQjh dk gSA^ blesa vf/kdka'k ,dkjkUr 'kCn,sdkjkUr gksus ds lkFk gh vuqukfld Hkh gks tkrs gSaA tSls& oSa] dSa] djSa] ykuSa] ryklSa]eSa] fdukjSa] HkjSa] vksEgSa] lclSa] uSa] ,lSa vkfnA

blh izdkj egksck pj[kkjh [ks= esa tks cqUnsyh cksyh tkrh gSA mlesa Hkh c?ksyhdk feJ.k ns[kus esa vkrk gSA laKk 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cqUnsyh iz/kku cukQjh vkSj egksckpj[kkjh {ks= dh cukQjh nksuksa esa leku :i ls gksrk gSaA loZuke in Hkh nksuksa cksfy;ksads ,d tSls gSaA ^Å^ ladsr okpd fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx nksuksa esa gksrk gSA ijlxksZa esadsoy vf/kdj.k dkjd esa gh varj gSaA blh izdkj ykSM+h {ks= dh cukQjh esa ogloZuke dsoy ^o* jg tkrk gSA blh izdkj ;g dk ^g* Hkh yksi gks tkrk gSA c?ksyhdk ^ek* blesa ^e* jg tkrk gSA bl {ks= dh cksyh ds laca/k esa MkW- gal us fxz;lZudk lanHkZ nsrs gq, fy[kk gS& MkW- fxz;lZu us orZeku iUuk ftys dh vt;x<+ rglhyrFkk mlls layXu nf{k.k iwohZ Hkkx dks Hkh cukQjh {ks= esa cqUnsyh dk tks :i izpfyrgS] mls cukQjh ugha dgk tk ldrkA iUuk ftys dh iwohZ lhek c?ksyh Hkk"kh lrukftys dh if'peh lhek ls layXu gS] ftlds ukxkSn {ks= dks Hkh MkW- fxz;lZu uscukQjh {ks= ds varxZr cryk;k gSA ;g ukxkSn {ks= Hkh vc iw.kZr% cukQjh Hkk"kh ughajgkA bl {ks= dh cksyh c?ksyh gh gS] ftl ij cukQjh dk ukeek= dk izHkko vc 'ks"kjg x;k gSA^6

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

cukQjh ds laca/k esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^ge T;ksa&T;kas iwoZ dh vksj c<+rstkrs gSa] gesa cukQjh esa c?ksyh dk izHkko c<+rk fn[kk;h nsrk gSA vkxs tks okD; fn;s

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 241

gq;s gS muds izFke mnkgj.k gehjiqj ftys ds if'peh lhekorhZ Hkkx gS] tgk¡ ls 'kq)c?ksyh dk {ks= vkjaHk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ml cksyh :i esa c?ksyh dk feJ.kcgqr de feyrk gSA mls c?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnsyh gh dgk tk ldrk gSA f}rh;mnkgj.k gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.k&if'peh Hkkx&Segksck pj[kkjh {ks= ds cksyh :idk gSa] ftlesa gesa c?ksyh dk iwoZis{kk vf/kd feJ.k feyrk gSA^7

cqUnsyh dh vU; cksfy;ksa dh rjg cukQjh dk Hkh viuk O;kdjf.kd :i gSAcukQjh cksyh dk {ks= O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls le`) ekuk tkrk gSA 'kCn ,oa in HkhcukQjh esa egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSaA 'kCn dh n`f"V ls cukQjh esa 'kCn dk Lora=:i ls O;ogkj esa mi;ksx gksrk gS& ekSM+h] efugkj] fcfV;u] x?kjh] x?kjk] gS] dksugkSa] ryck] Toku] l;ku vkfnA blh rjg 'kCnksa ls feydj cukQjh esa in fuekZ.kHkh egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSaA

1- ,d cfu;k ds pkj yjdk jgsA2- lc fcfV;u esa ewM+ is cf<+;k&cf<+;k ryk iS ikuh HkjS [kks vk;hA3- Fkksjh |kj esa Å lgqj dh dS ,d fcfV;k¡ ryk is ikuh HkjS [kk vk;hA

bl izdkj cukQjh cksyh ds O;kdj.k esa Hkh vU; cksyh ds O;kdj.k ds :ifeyrs gSaA

laKklaKklaKklaKklaKk

cukQjh esa izk;% lHkh laKk 'kCnkas dk iz;ksx cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh esa leku :ils gksrs gq, fn[kk;k x;k gSA

fyaxfyaxfyaxfyaxfyax

cukQjh esa vU; cqUnsyh :iksa dh rjg fyax dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA blesaHkh iqfYyax vkSj L=hfyax fgUnh Hkk"kk dh rjg gh feyrs gSaA tSls& yjdk] cfu;k]fcfV;u] eksM+h vkfnA

loZukeloZukeloZukeloZukeloZuke

laKk dh rjg cukQjh esa Hkh loZuke dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;s loZuke cqUnsyhvkSj c?ksyh nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa leku :i ls cksys tkrs gSaA dqN loZuke bl izdkj gSa&cqUnsyh& mudkS] ckS] rSa] ÅdS] ÅuSa] mulSaA c?ksyh& muek] vksgw] tkSu] rksj] eksj]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 242

dkSugkSa] Eok[kka] eksgSa] ck[kkSa] ds[kSa] ok[kka vkfnA cukQjh esa Hkh loZuke ds N% Hksn ekusx;s gSa vkSj muds Hkh miHksn Lohdkj fd;s x;s gSaA loZuke dh n`f"V ls cukQjh esai;kZIr miHksn Hkh feyrs gSaA

fo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.k

laKk 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crykus okys fo'ks"k.k cukQjh esa Hkh feyrs gSaA ;sfo'ks"krk,¡ xq.k] n'kk vFkok ifjek.k dk cks/k djkrh gSA cukQjh esa Hkh ;s fo'ks"k.k lkrizdkj ds gksrs gSaA Øe'k% xq.kcks/kd] ifjek.kcks/kd] la[;kcks/kd] fu'p;kRed cks/kd]vfu'p;kRed ckèkd] fØ;kewyd cks/kd] loZukecks/kdA mnkgj.k& 1- ,d efugkjds pkj csVk grsA 2- efugkj mudks O;kg djsa ds ykus cgw rykls [kka pyksA 3- rSaQwVks x?kjk dke ek dkgs Y;korh gkA 4- eksj O;kg dkSugkS jghl ds laxs ;k xjhcds laxs gksgsA 5- viuh fcfV;k ds ykus uhd yjdk dh rykl ek¡ grkA 6- fcfV;kdk Tokc lqu ds euS eu cgqrS [kql HkkA

fØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;k

cukQjh esa tks fØ;k in ik;s tkrs gSa ;k feyrs gSa] os cqUnsyh dh vis{kk c?ksyhds vfèkd gSaA cukQjh esa fØ;k ds vkB :i fn[kk;h nsrs gSa& vdeZd] ldeZd]f}deZd] izsj.kkFkZd] viw.kZ] lgk;] la;qDr vkSj fØ;kRed fØ;kA dqN mnkgj.kfuEu izdkj gSa& cqUnsyh & grks] fudjks] vkcks] vkbZ] grh] ?kjsa] rsa] grs] cksyha] pyha xbZa]vkcks] cqykcks] iwaNks] cksyksA c?ksyh& jgS] Hks ¼gq,½] fVdxk] tk¡; ykxh] Y;korh] nhu]gqbZ] crk; ldr] lh[k ldr] lh[k tkvks] gqbZxk] LokpSa ykx] dg Mkfjl] gqbZxk]feyxSa] gok] crkck] dj nsvks] dgh csA iwoZdkfyd fØ;k :i cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksads gSaA cqUnsyh& HkjdSa] ludSaA c?ksyh& [kk; ih dSa] cuk;s dSa] vk;s dSaA fØ;kFkZdlaKk 'kCn cukQjh esa vf/kdka'kr% c?ksyh ds fy;s x;s gSaA tSls& djS ds] <w<+s dk] HkjSadk rFkk cukcS dkA

vO;;vO;;vO;;vO;;vO;;

cukQjh esa fgUnh dh rjg gh vO;; feyrs gSaA cukQjh esa Ng izdkj dsvO;; dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA cukQjh esa vO;; cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa esa lekuizek.k ls iz;qDr gq, gSaA ;s Ng izdkj ds vO;; fuEu gSa& fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] leqPp;cksèkd]foLek;kfncks/kd] ldjkRed rFkk udkjkRed] ijljxhZ; 'kCnkoyh vkSj fuikrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 243

mnkgj.k& cqUnsyh& iS] fQj] vkxs] vkSj] rqjrSa] vkSA c?ksyh& ySd] g~ok¡] Hkjs] ,Fks]euSeu] ,[ksA cqUnsyh vO;; iS rFkk vkS dk iz;ksx c?ksyh esa Hkh gksrk gSA

dkydkydkydkydky

cukQjh esa fgUnh dh rjg fØ;k ds rhu dky :i feyrs gSa& orZekudky¼#[ku dh N~;kg e Bgj xk½] Hkwrdky ¼O;kg djSa dk nqfyfgu <w<+s dk [kkfrjfudjkS½ vkSj Hkfo";dkyA

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

cukQjh cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gksus ds dkj.k bldh /ofu;k¡ ml {ks= dsvkl&ikl dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ls izHkkfor gSA cukQjh /oU;kRed n`f"V ls lkekU;cqUnsyh cksyh ls fHkUu gS] D;ksafd blesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk cqUnsyh ls gVdj c?ksyhds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k ik;k tkrk gSA c?ksyh dk feJ.k gksus ds dkj.k cukQjh esa /ofuxr fo'ks"krkvksa ds varxZr cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa ds vyx&vyx :i fefJrgksrs fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA cukQjh esa Loj] O;atu] 'kCn] izR;;] cyk?kkr] lqj rFkklqjygjh ds Lo:i dks Hkh i;kZIr varj ds lkFk ns[kk tkrk gSA /ofulewg ,oafo'ks"krkvksa dh n`f"V ls cukQjh dks MkW- d`".kyky gal us rhu fo'ks"krkvksa ds varxZrfo'ks"k :i ls foHkkftr fd;k gS& /oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡] :ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSjdkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡A

/oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡/oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡/oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡/oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡/oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡

/oU;kRed n`f"V ls cukQjh cqUnsyh esa cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyhds 'kCnksa dk vf/kd feJ.k fn[kk;h nsrk gSA eobZtkj {ks= dh cukQjh esa bldkèoU;kRed :i dqN bl izdkj gS& esjk&Eokj] rsjk&Rokj] lkspu&Lokpu] csVk&O;kVk]dsj&D;kj] ?kksjk&?okj vkfnA

,dkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr 'kCn Hkh izk;% ,sdkjkUr vkSj vkSdkjkUr mPpfjr gksrsgSaA tSls& lsa&lSa] dsa&dSa] tks&tkS] cks&ckS vkfnA

O;atuksa esa ^u^ ds LFkku ij ^y^ mPpfjr gksrk gSA tSls& tue&tye]fuacw&fyacw] uhe&yhe vkfnA blds foijhr y ds LFkku ij u dk iz;ksx Hkh izpfyrgSA tSls& ydM+h&udjh] udfj;k] ykus&ukus vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 244

cqUnsyh dh rjg gh ^y^ ds LFkku ij ^j^ mPpkj.k lkekU; :i ls feyrk gSAtSls& dkyks ¼dkyk½&dkjks] ryokj&rjokj] nhoky&nhokj vkfnA

^o^ ds LFkku ij e^ dk iz;ksx Hkh dbZ 'kCnksa esa gqvk gSA tSls& nhoku&nheku]toku&teku] yoax&yeax] nok[kkuk&nek[kkuk] daqoj&dqaej vkfnA

bl cqUnsyh dh lkekU; izo`fRr] gdkj yksi dh fo'ks"krk fn[kk;h nsrh gSAtSls& 'kgj&lgj] gkFk&gkr] Fks&rs] rqEgkjs&rqejs] cjQ&cji vkfnA cqUnsyh dh;g izo`fRr c?ksyh ds feJ.k dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k de gksrh fn[kk;h nsrh gSA

^.k^ ds LFkku ij ^u^] ^M+ ds LFkku ij ^j^] ^<+ ds LFkku ij ^M^ dk mPpkj.kHkh lkekU; cqUnsyh dh rjg gh feyrk gSA tSls & dkj.k&dkju] yM+dk&yjdk]<wa<+cks&<waMcks vkfnA

c?ksyh dk izHkko gksrs gq, Hkh cqUnsyh dh vuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr loZ= fn[kkbZnsrh gSA tSls & oS] djSa] ykus] Hkjsa vkfnA

:ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡:ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡:ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡:ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡:ikRed fo'ks"krk,¡

cukQjh esa vf/kdka'k L=hfyax laKk,¡ ,dkjkUr gksrh gSa] tks [kM+h cksyh dh rjggh cgqopu esa Hkh vifjofrZr jgrh gSaA os lkuqukfld gks tkrh gSaA tSls& [kcjsa]xqgkjsa vkfnA

bZdkjkUr L=hfyax laKk ds cgqopu :i esa ;k¡ izR;; yxk fn;k tkrk gSAtSls& ekSaM+h&ekSafM+;k¡] udjh&udfj;k¡ vkfnA

vdkjkUr iqfYyax laKk,¡ vksdkjkUr mPpfjr gksrh gSa] tks cgqopu :i esa,dkjkUr gks tkrh gSaA tSls& ?kksjks&?kksjs] x?kjks&x?kjs vkfnA

dqN vdkjkar iqfYyax laKk,¡ vius ewy :i esa gh O;og`r gksrh gSaA budkcgqopu :i vdkjkUr djus u^ izR;; yxk cuk;k tkrk gSA tSls& yjdk&yjdu]iydk&iydu vkfnA

cukQjh esa drkZ dkjd ds vfrfjDr dkjdksa ds nksuksa opuksa esa dqN laKk 'kCn,dkjkUr vFkok vdkjkUr gksrs gSaA tSls & Ngjs&ek] lgj&ek] ewM+ iS] C;ko dS]rykl ek¡] <wa<s+ [kk¡A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 245

dkjdksa ds ijlxZ cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa ds iz;qDr gksrs gSa] tks bl izdkjgSa&

drkZdrkZdrkZdrkZdrkZ & usa] uSa] usAdeZdeZdeZdeZdeZ & dk] dk¡] dksa] dkSa] ds] [ks] [kk¡] [kksaAdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.kdj.k & ls] lsa] [ksa] rsa] lksa] lkSa] luAlEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznkulEiznku & ykus] [kkfrj] dktsAviknkuviknkuviknkuviknkuviknku & dj.k dkjd dh rjgAlEcU/klEcU/klEcU/klEcU/klEcU/k & dksa] [kksa] dk¡] dk] dsj] D;kj] dsjks] D;kjks ¼jkS½A

;s ijlxZ iqfYyax :i esa c?ksyh dh izo`fRr dsvuqlkj dsj] D;kj] D;kjks gksrs gSa] ij L=hfyax esadsjh] D;kjh] ds] dh gks tkrs gSaA

vf/kdj.vf/kdj.vf/kdj.vf/kdj.vf/kdj.k & esa] ekSa] ek¡] ekgk¡] iSAdgha&dgha esa] ek] ek¡] ekgk¡] iSA

dgha&dgha esa] ek] ek¡ ds LFkku esa ^e^ rFkk ^iS^ ds LFkku ij ^i^ dk gh iz;ksxgksrk gS] tSlk fd ykSaM+h {ks= dh cukQjh esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

iq#"kokpd loZuke 'kCnksa ds lkekU; :iksa esa dksbZ mYys[kuh; :ikUrj ughafn[kk;h nsrkA buds fr;Zd~ :i fuf'pr gh cukQjh dk oSf'k"V~; O;Dr djrs gSaA ;sfr;Zd~ :i bl izdkj gSa &

izFke iq#"kizFke iq#"kizFke iq#"kizFke iq#"kizFke iq#"k & eksg] eks;] Eokg] eks] eksgha] ek;s] eksjks ¼jkS½] Eokj] EokjkS] ge]ge&gw¡] gesa] geSa] gEgSa] gekj] gekjks] gekvks] geko] gejkSA

f}rh; iq#"kf}rh; iq#"kf}rh; iq#"kf}rh; iq#"kf}rh; iq#"k & rw] rsa] rSa] rq&bZ] rks&gw¡] rksÅ¡] rk&gh] rks&gh] rksg] Rokg] rksj] rksjkS] Rokj] RokjkS] rqesa] rqekj] rqEgkj] rqEgkjks] rqekjks] rqejks] rks;] rksok;] rqevks] rqekvks vkfnA

r`rh; iq#"kr`rh; iq#"kr`rh; iq#"kr`rh; iq#"kr`rh; iq#"k & Å vFkok ok&ok&gw¡] ok&gs] okgha m,¡] vks&Å] ck&Å] mu] mudas] mu&gqu] cs] fcu] cuA

lEcU/k lwpd loZuke ^tks ¼[kM+h cksyh½ cukQjh esa ts vFkok T;k ¼L=hfyaxtk½] fr;Zd~] :i esa tsg] ts] T;k gksrs gSaA ^lks dk :i c?ksyh dh rjg rks vFkokrkSu gksrk gS] tks iwoZorhZ tkSu ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 246

cukQjh cqUnsyh dk c?ksyh&fefJr :i gS] blfy;s gesa blesa bu nksuksa cksfy;ksads fØ;k:i fey tkrs gSa] tks d`nUrh; vkSj la;qDr dky ds izk;% lHkh :iksa esafn[kk;h nsrs gSaA cukQjh esa fcuk lgk;d fØ;k ds rFkk lgk;d fØ;kvksa vFkokizR;;ksa ds ;ksx ls cuk;h x;h( nksuksa izdkj dh fØ;k,¡ jgrh gSaA izR;; yxkdjcuk;h x;h fØ;k,¡ izk;% c?ksyh ls gh vk;h tku iM+rh gSaA

fØ;k dk ;g :i [kM+h cksyh ¼lkfgfR;d fgUnh½ esa iz;qDr ugha gksrkA blscqUnsyh ds cukQjh :i dh ,d mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk gh dgk tkuk pkfg,A ugha gSds fy;s cukQjh esa ¼cqUnsyh ds dqN vU; :iksa esa Hkh½ ^ufga;k^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx gksrkgSA fØ;k ds lkekU; :i dh rjg bl fØ;k ds :i esa Hkh iq#"k vkSj opu ds vuqlkj:i&ifjorZu gksrk gSA ;g Hkwr&dkyhu fØ;k gSA c?ksyh Hkk"kh] dqN {ks=ksa esa Hkh blHkwrdkyhu fØ;k dk iz;ksx blh :i esa gksrk gSA

blesa cqUnsyh ds vU; :iksa dh rjg Hkfo"; dkyokph gkSa] gkS] gs] gS] gSa] gk¡izR;;ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

dkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡dkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡dkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡dkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡dkyfo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡

cukQjh cksyh esa dky laca/kh dqN ,slh fo'ks"krk,¡ ik;h tkrh gSa] tks cqUnsyh dsbl :i esa gh fn[kk;h nsrh gSa] tks blds vU; :iksa esa izk;% ugha feyrh] tSls&cukQjh dh orZekudkyhu dqN fØ;k,¡ fcuk iwoksZfYyf[kr dky izR;;ksa ds Hkh O;og`rgksrh gSaA ^ekjuk^ fØ;k dk lkekU; orZeku dkyhu :i iqfYyax nksuksa opuksa esa^ekjuks vkSj L=hfyax nksuksa opuksa esa ^ekjrka gksrk gSA djr] vkr] tkr] [kkr vkfnfØ;k ds :i Hkh blh izdkj ds gksrs gSaA

viw.kZ Hkwrdkyhu fØ;k esa grks ¼cqUnsyh&:i½ vFkok jgsa ¼c?ksyh&:i½ dkiz;ksx gksrk gS& ekjr grks] ekjr jgsaA

lfUnX/k Hkwrdky ds nks :i gksrs gSa & ,dopu& ekjrks ¼iqfYyax½] ekjrh¼L=hfyax½A cgqopu ekjrs ¼iqfYyax½] ekjrha ¼L=hfyax½A

cukQjh dh lkekU; Hkwrdkyhu fØ;k ds [kM+h cksyh vkSj iwohZ fgUnh dh rjgnks :i gksrs gSaA bu nksuksa :iksa esa ldeZd fØ;k gksus ij dky&jpuk deZokP; esagksrh gSA bl fLFkfr esa fØ;k ds fyax&opu deZ ds fyax&opu dh rjg gksrs gSavU;Fkk fØ;k dk fyax iq#"k ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA ;Fkk&

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 247

iqfYyax & eSaus ekjksa; ¼fdlh iqfYyax dks ekjk½AL=hfyax & eSaus ekj~;w ¼fdlh L=hfyax dks ekjk½A

r`rh; iq#"k ,d opu esa ekfjl] ekfjl vkSj ek#l dk Hkh iz;ksx feyrk gSA

vdeZd fØ;k esa r`rh; iq#"k ,d opu dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk] dsoy lkekU;Hkwr&:i dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;Fkk&

iq#"k ,dopu & dj ;k djksAiq#"k cgqopu & dj ;k fd, ¼djs Hkh½AL=hfyax ,dopu & dj ;k dh ¼djh Hkh½Acgqopu L=hfyax & dj ;k dh ¼dj Hkh½A

iwoZ Hkwrdky esa ^gkSa izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] tks okLro esa cqUnsyh dkHkfo";dky |ksrd izR;; gSA ;Fkk &^eSa ekjgksa dk vFkZ cqUnsyh ds vU; :iksa esa ^eSaek#¡xk^ gksrk gS] fdUrq cukQjh esa bldk vFkZ gksxk& ^eSaus ekjk^A ^ekjgks ds LFkku esa^ekjks gksa dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

dqN LFkkuksa esa gksa ds LFkku esa grks;^ rFkk grksa;^ izR;; dk Hkh iz;ksx ns[kk tkrkgSA

iwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKkiwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKkiwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKkiwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKkiwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKk

cukQjh ds iwoZdkfyd fØ;k vkSj fØ;kFkZd laKk&:i lkekU; cqUnsyh dhrjg gh gksrs gSaA

vfu;fer fØ;k,¡vfu;fer fØ;k,¡vfu;fer fØ;k,¡vfu;fer fØ;k,¡vfu;fer fØ;k,¡

cukQjh esa dqN ,sls fØ;k&:i Hkh iz;qDr feyrs gSa] ftUgsa cqUnsyh esa iz;qDrfdlh&fdlh fuf'pr fØ;k&:i ds vUrxZr ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj dhdqN fØ;k,¡ uhps nh tk jgha gSa &

vkmc] vkSc] vokc] ,cks] tSc & nsc] ysc] [kkcAvkvks] xk] xs] ncvks] nkS ncks] nhUg] nhUgksa] nhUghaA

;gk¡ ;g Lej.kh; gS fd lkekU; Hkwrdky dk dksbZ Hkh :i r`rh; iq#"k esaiz;qDr gks ldrk gSA nwljs] ^vkmc^ dk Hkfo";dkyhu :i ^,gkSa gksrk gS] fdUrq

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 248

dgha&dgha ^,scs dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA blh izdkj ^tSgksa dk :i ^tSc^ Hkh gksrk gSAbu vfu;fer fØ;k&:iksa ij c?ksyh dk izHkko Li"V gSA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd cukQjh dk {ks= vkSj lhek,¡ foLr`r gSaA bldh'kCn lkeF;Z cqUnsyh dh vU; {ks=h; cksfy;ksa dh rjg gh i;kZIr gSA O;kdjf.kd:ijs[kk ds varxZr cukQjh dk O;kdj.k Hkh cqUnsyh ds vU; cksfy;ksa ds O;kdj.k lsfHkUu gSA /ofu lewg vkSj fo'ks"krkvksa ds varxZr /oU;kRed fo'ks"krk,¡] :ikRedfo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj dky fo"k;d fo'ks"krk,¡ cukQjh dks cqUnsyh cksyh esa ,d egÙoiw.kZLFkku fnykrh gSaA fuf'pr :i ls cukQjh ,d le`) micksyh gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- fxz;lZu ( fyafXofLVd loZs vkWQ bf.M;k] [k.M 9] Hkkx 1 ( i`- 147-2- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 404-3- ogh ( i`- 404-4- ogh ( i`- 403-5- ogh ( i`- 405-6- ogh ( i`- 10-

7- ogh ( i`- 407-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 249

dqUnzh cqUnsyhdqUnzh cqUnsyhdqUnzh cqUnsyhdqUnzh cqUnsyhdqUnzh cqUnsyh

cqUnsyh ds iwohZ cksyh:i dks dqUnzh ekuk tkrk gSA ;g cqUnsyh ds iwohZ :i dk

,d mi:i gSA bldk {ks= gehjiqj ftys vkSj ckank ftys ds chp cgus okyh dsu

unh dk rVorhZ {ks= gSA dqUnzh dsu unh ds vkl&ikl ,d iV~Vh esa cksyh tkrh gSA

bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& gehjiqj ftys dh mRrj&iwohZ lhek ij dsu

unh izokfgr gksrh gS] tks gehjiqj vkSj ckank ftys dh lhek dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA

bl unh ds nksuksa vksj dh rVorhZ ldjh iV~Vh esa tks cksyh] cksyh tkrh gS] ogh dqUnzh

dgykrh gSA bldk ;g uke iM+us dk dksbZ fof'k"V dkj.k ugha tku iM+rkA laHko

gS fd dsu unh ds rVorhZ ladh.kZ ¼dqUn½ Hkkx esa cksyh tkus ds dkj.k gh ;g dqUnzh^

vFkok ^dqUnjh^ dgykrh gSA^1

MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^gehjiqj dh dqUnzh cqUnsyh ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj mlesa

c?ksyh fefJr gS] ij ckank dh dqUnzh c?ksyh ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj mlesa cqUnsyh fefJr

gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gehjiqj dh dqUnzh c?ksyh fefJr cqUnsyh :i gS] ij ckank dh dqUnzh

cqUnsyh fefJr c?ksyh gSA^2 dqUnzh gehjiqj vkSj ckank ftys ls feydj bldh lhekvksa

dks cukrh gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 250

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

dqUnzh cksyh cqUnsyh dk ,d ,slk :i gS tks cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa cksfy;ksads 'kCnksa ds feJ.k ls fufeZr gksrk gSA bl n`f"V ls dqUnzh cksyh dk 'kCn lkeF;ZcqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa ls feydj le`) curk gSA gkykafd dqUnzh ,d NksVs ls{ks= esa cksyh tkrh gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh blesa LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk izHkko bruk vf/kd gSfd ;g cqUnsyh dk vyx :i cu xbZ gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^blesadksbZ lansg ugha fd unh vFkok ioZr chp esa vkdj Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh dk :i ifjorZudj nsrs gSa] fdUrq dsu ds leku ,d NksVh unh cksyh ds :i esa bruk ifjorZu djldrh gS fd ,d gh cksyh nks fofHkUu ifjokjksa ¼if'peh fgUnh vkSj iwohZ fgUnh½ dhcksfy;ksa dk vax cu tkrh gSA vk'p;Ztud gS ;fn ge c?ksyh ds feJ.k dh U;wurkvkSj vf/kdrk dks gh cksyh ds :i foHkktu dk vk/kkj eku ysa] rks gesa gehjiqj ftysds egksck {ks= esa izpfyr cukQjh vkSj mlh ftys ds ecbZtkj {ks= esa izpfyr cukQjhdks nks fHkUu ifjokjksa dh cksyh ekuuk iM+sxk] D;ksafd mi;qZDr izFke {ks= dh cukQjhdh vis{kk f}rh; {ks= dh cukQjh esa c?ksyh feJ.k dh vf/kdrk gSA ge iwoZ foosfprcukQjh dh rjg dqUnzh ds Hkh nks {ks=h; :i rks eku ldrs gSa] fdUrq mls nks ifjokjksads cksyh ds :i esa foHkkftr dj nsuk gesa ;qfDrlaxr ugha tku iM+rkA^3

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd dqUnzh esa cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa gh cksfy;ksa ds'kCnksa ls blds 'kCn&lkeF;Z dh le`f) gksrh gSA ckank ftys esa tks dqUnzh dk :icksyk tkrk gS] mlesa 'kCn bl izdkj gSa & cfu;k¡ ¼O;kikjh½] yfjdk ¼yM+dk½] jgka;sa¼jgs½] mbZ ¼os½] dju ¼djus½] tksx ¼;ksx½] Hks ¼os½] rcfgu ¼rHkh½] ckg ¼mudk½] C;kg¼fookg½] djSadk ¼djus ds fy,½] cgw ¼o/kw½] [oktsa ¼<w<aus½] fudjk ¼fudyk½] oksg ¼og½]ek ¼esa½] vkvks ¼vk;k½] g~ok¡ ¼ogk¡½] ryS;k ¼rykc½] pquw nsj ek¡ ¼FkksM+h nsj esa½] HkjSadk¼Hkjus dks½] okgds ¼mldh½] jgk;s ¼jgh½] tkSu ¼tks½] ck ¼ml½] rs ¼ls½] ?kju ¼?kj½]tku ¼tkus½] eqM+s ¼flj½] uhd&uhd ¼vPNs&vPNs½] dgk;sa ¼dgus½] rksj ¼rsjk½] ãk¼gks½] nhUgsl ¼fn;k½] lghek ¼lp esa½] eksj ¼esjk½] gqbZ ¼gksxk½] egds ¼bl dkj.k½] gkS¼gw¡½] Hkk ¼gqvk½] Lokpu ¼lkspus½] ykHk ¼yxk½] nhusd ¼fn;k½] lquk;s ¼lquk½] uhd¼vPNk½] cj ¼oj½] gkeh ¼gk¡½A dqUnzh dks nwljs :i esa tks gehjiqj ftys ds vkl&iklcksyh tkrh gS] 'kCnkas dk tks :i feyrk gS] os 'kCn fuEu izdkj gSa & cksg ¼mudk½]fcpkj ¼fopkj½] dhUgsl ¼fd;k½] BSj ¼#d x;k½] rudbZ ¼FkksM+h½] HkkSr ¼cgqr½] okg¼ml½] grh ¼Fkh½] yjfd;k¡ ¼yM+fd;k¡½] ?kSyk ¼?kM+k½] lk¡r ¼lkr½] dkgs ¼D;ksa½] gs ¼gS½]lk¡psm¡ ¼lgh esa½] tslSa ¼ftlls½ vkfn 'kCnksa ds }kjk dqUnzh dk 'kCnHk.Mkj le`) ik;ktkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 251

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

blesa Loj vkSj O;atu fgUnh dh rjg gh mi;ksx gksrs gSaA laKk] loZuke]

dkjd] vO;;] fØ;kin vkfn cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh ds mPpkj.k ls ;qDr ik;s

tkrs gSaA bl izdkj bldh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk cgqr dqN izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg

gh gS] ysfdu mlesa LFkkuh; 'kCnksa ds dkj.k mPpkj.k dk varj vk x;k gSA

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

dqUnzh cksyh pw¡fd cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gS] bl dkj.k bldks /ofulewgksa esa nks

cksfy;ksa dh 'kCn /ofu;k¡ feyrh gSaA ,d cqUnsyh vkSj nwljh c?ksyhA ;s /ofu lewgxr

fo'ks"krk,¡ gh dqUnzh dks cqUnsyh ds vU; :iksa ls vyx djrh gSA dqUnzh cksyh dk :i

cqUnsyh ls vyx ugha gSA blesa vf/kdka'k laKk:i cqUnsyh ds gh feyrs gSa] ij

dgha&dgha c?ksyh dk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA

loZuke :i cqUnsyh dh vis{kk c?ksyh ds gh vf/kd gSa &

cqUnsyh & lcS] ok] rSa] esaA

c?ksyh & mbZ] ckg dk] oksg] muek¡] okgds] rksj] eksjA

ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k & ok] ck] mb¡ esa izFke nksuksa 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gSa] ftudk

cqUnsyh Hkk"kh c?ksyh {ks= esa Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gS] mb¡ c?ksyh dk :i gS] 'ks"k fo'ks"k.k :i

cqUnsyh ds gh gSaA

fØ;kinksa esa dsoy vkvks] tku yxha] gqbgS] lh[k ysr gÅ¡] fudj xbZ rFkk lqu

ds 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gSa] 'ks"k lHkh :i c?ksyh ds gSaA vO;; cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa ds

iz;qDr gSaA

dqUnzh ds nwljs :i ds varxZr gehjiqj ftys dh dqUnzh vkrh gS] bldh /ofuxr

fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gS& dqUnzh cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh dk ,d feJ.k gSA nksuksa ds

loZuke vkSj fØ;k:i gh iz;qDr ugha gSa] ij dkjdksa ds ijlxZ Hkh nksuksa ds gSaA

xBu cqUnsyh dk gS vkSj okD;jpuk Hkh cqUnsyh dh gh gS] fdUrq og vusd

LFkkuksa esa c?ksyh ls izHkkfor fn[kk;h nsrk gSA izk;% lHkh iw.kZdkfyd fØ;k,¡ c?ksyh dh

iz;qDr gSaA ^nhu^ fØ;k vo/kh dh gSA bl izdkj dqUnzh ds bl :i esa cqUnsyh] c?ksyh

vkSj vo/kh dk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 252

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd dqUnzh cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gSA bldh 'kCnlkeF;Z cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj vo/kh ls feydj le`) gSA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkizkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gS] ijarq blesa c?ksyh dk feJ.k ik;k tkrk gS vkSjfØ;kin dqN vo/kh ls fy;s x;s gSaA bl izdkj dqUnzh dk ewy cqUnsyh gS vkSj ;gcqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gS] ysfdu vius lkFk ;g c?ksyh vkSj vo/kh ds 'kCnksa dk vkSj/ofulewgksa dk feJ.k fy;s gq, gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 414-2- ogh ( i`- 414-

3- ogh ( i`- 415-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 253

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhfuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh dh ,d micksyh gS] tks ;equk ds nf{k.kh Hkkxksa esa tkykSu dsvkl&ikl cksyh tkrh gSA oSls rks ;g frjgkjh dk foLrkj ekuh tkrh gS vkSj bldscksyus okykas dh la[;k Hkh cgqr de gS] ijarq ;g cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh dk ,slk fefJr:i gS] tks dsoy blh Hkw&Hkkx esa O;oâr gksrk gSA

MkW- d`".kyky gal us bl lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS& ^tkykSu ftys ds if'peksRrjlhekorhZ Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk tks :i izpfyr gS] og fuHkV~Vk dgykrk gSA ;g okLroesa frjgkjh dk gh ,d fHkUu :i gSA^1 bl izdkj fuHkV~Vk frjgkjh dk ,d fHkUu :igksus ds dkj.k ,d NksVs ls {ks= dh micksyh gSA

lhekvksa ds laca/k esa ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- d`".kyky ds vuqlkj gS& ^mRrj esabldh lhek dUukSth Hkk"kk Hkkx ls layXu gS] ftlls bl ij dUukSth dk Hkh fdafprizHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl izdkj bl cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth dsfeJ.k ls cM+k vuks[kk cu x;k gSA^2

fuHkV~Vk esa cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gksus lsbldk 'kCn lkeF;Z le`) ekuk tkrk gSA 'kCn lkeF;Z dks le>us ds fy, ge

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 254

dgkuh ds dqN va'k dks ns[k ldrs gSa& ,d lkSnkfxj ds pkj yfjdk grsA lkSnkfxjdksa ,d yjfd;k ilan vk xbZA ok us yjdu ls dfgl ds ckdksa C;ko rqelu ek¡ls dsds lax dn~nÅ¡\ NksV yjdk dfgl ckdks C;ko cM~Ms Hkb;k ls dn~nsvksA C;kogksxkSA^ bl izdkj bl va'k esa rhuksa cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gks x;k gSA blesavk;s 'kCnksa dks ge vyx&vyx cksyh ds vuqlkj ns[k ldrs gSaA cqUnsyh& ,d]lkSnkfxj] pkj grs] yjfd;k] ilan] okus] yjdu] ls ckdks] C;ko] lax] yjdk] Hkb;k]ls gksxkS vkfnA c?ksyh& yfjdk] lkSnkfxj dk] dfgl] rqeleu ek¡ ls] dsds] dfglvkfnA dUukSth& dn~nÅ¡] cM~Ms] dn~nsvks vkfnA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd fuHkV~Vkcksyh dk 'kCn lkeF;Z rhu cksfy;ksa ls feydj le`) gqvk gSA

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

fuHkV~Vk dk ewy Lo:i cqUnsyh dk gksus ds dkj.k bldh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkizkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA dsoy vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn vkus ls fØ;kin vkSjvO;; cny tkrs gSaA fuHkV~Vk cksyh esa Loj] O;atu] laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] dkjdvkfn izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh feyrs gSaA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk esa rhu cksfy;ksads lekos'k ds dkj.k vkSj LFkkuh; 'kCnksa ds /ofulewg ds dkj.k dqN varj vo';vk tkrk gS] tks bls ,d Lora= micksyh dk LFkku fnykrh gSA

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

fuHkV~Vk esa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth dk feJ.k gksus dsdkj.k blds /ofulewg rhuksa cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa ls feydj curs gSaA MkW- gal usfuHkV~Vk dh /ofu lewgxr dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh ppkZ djrs gq, fy[kk gS& fuHkV~Vk Hkhfrjgkjh dh rjg cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh dk ,d fefJr :i gh gSA nksuksa esa vUrj ;ggS fd tgk¡ frjgkjh c?ksyh&iz/kku gS] ogk¡ fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh&iz/kku gSA ;g ns[krs gq,bls cqUnsyh&iz/kku c?ksyh dk gh ,d :i dgk tk ldrk gSA mRrj esa bldh lhekdUukSth Hkk"kh Hkkx ls layXu gS] ftlls bl ij dUukSth dk Hkh fdafpr izHkkofn[kk;h nsrk gSA bl izdkj bl cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds feJ.kls cM+k fofp= cu x;k gSA^3

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh cksyh dk og :i gS tks tkykSu ftyk ds if'peksRrj Hkkx esacksyk tkrk gSA bldk {ks= vkSj lhek,¡ ,d ftys ds NksVs ls fgLls rd gh lhfer

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 255

gSaA ysfdu fQj Hkh blesa cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gksus dsdkj.k bldk 'kCnlkeF;Z le`) gS vkSj bldh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk cqUnsyh dhO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk dh rjg gksrs gq, Hkh dqN gVdj gSA rhu cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dklekos'k gksus ds dkj.k blds /ofulewgksa esa ifjorZu vk x;k gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 417-2- ogh ( i`- 417-

3- ogh ( i`- 417-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 256

Hknkojh&raojx<+h cqUnsyhHknkojh&raojx<+h cqUnsyhHknkojh&raojx<+h cqUnsyhHknkojh&raojx<+h cqUnsyhHknkojh&raojx<+h cqUnsyh

cqUnsy[k.M ds mRrjh {ks= esa Hknkojh dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k :i ls gksrk gSA Hknkojhds {ks= dks ysdj fo}kuksa esa vyx&vyx er gSaA dqN fo}ku Hknkojh dk dsUnz fHk.Mftys dks ekurs gSa rks dqN Xokfy;j dksA izeq[k :i ls Hknkojh ds varxZr ^eqjSuk¼';ksiqj rglhy NksM+dj½ fHk.M vkSj Xokfy;j ftyk mRrjh {ks= ds varxZr gSA bldsvfrfjDr mRrjizns'k ds vkxjk] eSuiqjh vkSj bVkok ftys rFkk e/;izns'k ds mRrjhftyksa ls yxs gq, dqN nf{k.kh Hkkx Hkh blh {ks= ds varxZr ekus tkrs gSA bl {ks=esa 'kq) vFkok vkn'kZ cqUnsyh ls fHkUu blds rhu :i izpfyr gSa & ¼v½ czt fefJr:i] ¼c½ dUukSth fefJr :i rFkk ¼l½ [kM+h cksyh izHkkfor izèkku :iA ;s rhuksa :iHknkojh vFkok rksejx<+h dgs tkrs gSa A1 bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd cqUnsyh dkHknkojh :i e/;izns'k dk mRrjh {ks= rFkk mRrj izns'k dk if'peh {ks= vkSjjktLFkku dk dqN iwohZ {ks= blds varxZr vkrs gSaA

Hknkojh dh lhek vafdr djuk fooknkLin gSA vyx&vyx fo}kuksa us mldhvyx&vyx lhek js[kk fu/kkZfjr dh gSA MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us Hknkojh cksyhdk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u djrs gq, Hknkojh dks fHk.M ftys esa dsfUnzr fd;k gSA MkW-d`".kyky gal us bl ckr dks Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS& fdUghaa Hkh nks Hkk"kkvksa vFkokcksfy;ksa ds chp Hkh dksbZ HkkSxksfyd lhek js[kk ugha [khpha tk ldrhA ge tgk¡ ,dHkk"kk vFkok cksyh dk {ks= lekIr ekurs gSa] ogk¡ Hkh og Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh iw.kZr% lekIr

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 257

ugha gksrh] og mlds vkxs Hkh u tkus fdrus ehy rd nwljh Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh esa

?kqlh pyh tkrh gSA fQj Hkh gesa v/;;u dh n`f"V ls mudk {ks= rks fuf'pr djuk

gh iM+rk gSA^2

MkW- fxz;lZu us Hknkojh dks ,d fuf'pr lhek ds ckgj QSyh gqbZ Hkk"kk ds :i

esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA os fy[krs gSa& ^bl cksyh dk {ks= Hknkojh {ks= rd gh lhfer

ugha gSA ;g pEcy ls vkjaHk gksdj xquk rd QSyh gSA blds if'pe esa cztHkk"kk rFkk

gjkSfr ¼jktLFkku dh ,d micksyh½ dk {ks= rFkk iwoZ esa iaokjh cqUnsyh dk {ks= gSA

nf{k.k esa ;g ekyoh esa foyhu gks tkrh gSA vkxjk ftys esa ;g pEcy ds rVorhZ

vkxjk ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa cksyh tkrh gSA bVkok ftys dh ;equk vkSj pEcy ds e/

; esa fLFkr Hkkx esa Hkh Hknkojh gh cksyh tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;g ,d foLr`r {ks= dh

cksyh gSA^3 blh rjg ls Hknkojh ds {ks= dh lhek ds ckjs esa vkxjk xtsfV;j esa

fy[kk gS& ^vf/kdka'k tulewg czt cksyrk gS vkSj iwohZ izns'k dh cksyh izk;% varosZnh

gh gS] bls bl {ks= ds xzkeh.k xkaookjh^ dgrs gSaA ;g cqUnsyh dk ,d mi:i gS] tks

if'peh fgUnh dh ,d 'kk[kk gSA ;g cksyh ¼vEckg rglhy dh½ iwoZ uke Hknkoj ds

vkèkkj ij Hknkojh dgykrh gSA

Hknkojh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrHknkojh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrHknkojh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrHknkojh 'kCn dh O;qRifRrHknkojh 'kCn dh O;qRifRr

Hknkojh 'kCn dh vyx&vyx fo}kuksa us vyx&vyx O;qRifRr ekuh gSA ewy

:i ls vf/kdka'k fo}ku bl er ls lger gks tkrs gSa fd Hknkoj jktiwr lksygoha

'krh ds iwoZ gh bl {ks= esa vkdj cl x;s FksA dqN bfrgkldkj budk bl {ks= esa

izos'k ckjgoha 'krh esa crykrs gSaA jkT;kf/kdkjh gksus ij bu Hknkoj jktiwrksa dks o"kksZa

,d vksj fnYyh&vkxjk ds eqfLye 'kkldksa ls vkSj nwljh vksj Xokfy;j ds rksej

ujs'kksa ls la?k"kZ&jr jguk iM+kA ^ukSxok¡^ buds jkT; dk eq[; dsUnz rFkk jkt/kkuh

jgkA vc ;g ckg rglhy dk ,d lkekU; xzke gSA ^vkxjk xtsfV;j^ ds vuqlkj]

Hknkoj jktiwrksa dk jkT; vkxjk ds nf{k.kh Hkkx ¼orZeku ckg rglhy½ ls Xokfy;j

jkT; ds e/; rd ¼orZeku eqjSuk ftyk blh Hkkx esa gS½ FkkA Hknkoj jktiwrksa dh cksyh

gksus ds dkj.k gh cqUnsyh dk ;g czt&fefJr :i ^Hknkojh^ dgykrk gSA orZeku

Xokfy;j ftys ds mRrj&if'peh Hkkx esa Hkh cqUnsyh dk ;gh :i izpfyr gSA

Xokfy;j vusd o"kksZa rd rksej jktiwrksa dk x<+ jgk gSA bu rksej jktiwrksa dh Hkh

;gh cksyh gksus ds dkj.k bls ^raejx<+h^ vFkok ^rksojx<+h^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA^4

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 258

'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z'kCn lkeF;Z

'kCn lkeF;Z ls rkRi;Z Hkk"kk ;k cksyh ds Hk.Mkj ls yxk;k tkrk gSA MkW-';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^'kCn lkeF;Z ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd fdlh Hkk"kkesa fdruk le`) 'kCn Hk.Mkj gSA 'kCnksa dh fofo/krk vkSj vusdkusd lw{e Hkkoksa rFkkfofo/k oLrqvksa ds |ksrd 'kCnksa dh mifLFkfr gh ml Hkk"kk dk 'kCn lkeF;Z gSA^5

rkRi;Z ;g fd 'kCn gh Hkk"kk ;k cksyh ds izk.k gksrs gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dk 'kCnHk.Mkj ftruk O;kid gksrk gS] Hkk"kk dk {ks= Hkh mruk gh foLr`r gksrk tkrk gSAHknkojh Hkys gh cqUnsyh dh ,d micksyh gS] ijarq Hknkojh dk viuk vyx ,d foLr`r'kCn Hk.Mkj gSA mldk 'kCn lkeF;Z ewy cqUnsyh dk gksrs gq, Hkh cqUnsyh ls gVdjgSA Hknkojh esa ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx lkekU;tu djrk gS] mldh foLr`r ppkZ vkxsdh tk jgh gSA

lkekftd 'kCnlkekftd 'kCnlkekftd 'kCnlkekftd 'kCnlkekftd 'kCn

vU; cksyh dh rjg gh Hknkojh esa Hkh lkekftd Lrj ij {ks=h; 'kCnksa dkiz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA cksyh dk 'kCn lkeF;Z O;Dr djus ds fy, lekt dh fofHkUufLFkfr;ksa dk v/;;u vko';d gSA ^vkfFkZd fLFkfr] f'k{kk] jgu&lgu dk Lrj]tkfr ,oa oxZ&Hksn] izkd`frd lq[k&lqfo/kk ,oa lkekftd izfr"Bk vkfn ds vuqlkjcksyh esa O;og`r 'kCn Hk.Mkj viuk i`Fkd~ vfLrRo fLFkj djrk gSA euq"; lkekftdizk.kh gSA lekt dh fofHkUu fLFkfr;k¡] ekuoh; Hkkoksa] fopkjksa ,oa mn~xkjksa dhvfHkO;fDr esa var%izsj.kk ds Qy Lo:i ckg~; ifjorZu mifLFkr fd;s fcuk ughajgrhA fLFkfrtU; vkUrfjd mn~Hkkouk lkekftd Lrj ds vuqdwy i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ 'kCn:iksa dk Lo:i fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA vkfFkZd nf"V ls lEiUu ,oa lqf'kf{kr tu&leqnk;dh cksyh dk Lo:i fuf'pr :i ls fu/kZu ,oa vf'kf{kr oxZ dh cksyh ls fHkUu gksrk gSA^6

lkekftd Lrj ij Hknkojh esa ftu 'kCnksa dk ckj&ckj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS]os bl izdkj gSa& f'kf{kr oxZ esa pEcy] fla/k] fpV~Bh] nsgkrh] dkj] eksVj rFkk odkyr'kCn vf'kf{krksa esa Øe'k% pkfey] lsa/k] fpfB;k] nsgk;rh] dgfj;k] eksBj vkSj cdhykrcksys tkrs gSaA pk; cukus ds fy, dbZ izdkj ls cksyk tkrk gSA pk; ja/k jgh^ ¼fuEutkfr;ksa esa½] ^pk; id jbZ ¼eqLkyekuksa esa½] dkjrwl & dklrwj] egkoj & ekgkSj]ifjJe & iSljeA L=h] iq#"k fyax ds vuqlkj cksyh esa Hkh varj ik;k tkrk gSA tSls&^ge tk; jbZa ] ^ge cSBh gSa & blh rjg iq#"kksa esa ^ge [kk; j;s ] ^ge tk; j;s ] ^gecSBs gSa ] 'kCn feyrs gSaA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 259

xkfy;k¡ ;k vi'kCnxkfy;k¡ ;k vi'kCnxkfy;k¡ ;k vi'kCnxkfy;k¡ ;k vi'kCnxkfy;k¡ ;k vi'kCn

vU; {ks=h; cksfy;ksa dh rjg Hknkojh esa Hkh vi'kCn vkSj xkfy;k¡ nh tkrh gSaAlkekftd fLFkfr dh rjg nqoZpu dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA MkW- ';kelqUnjlkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^lkekU;r% xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa xqIrkaxksa dks y{; cukdj xkfy;ksadk iz;ksx gksrk gSA dgha&dgha Hkkokos'k esa yksx iq#"kksa rFkk fL=;ksa dh xkfy;ksa dsfy;s i'kqvksa ds uke dk iz;ksx djrs gSA tSls <ksj] dqfr;k vkfn iz;qDr djrs gSaAcksyh esa lkekU;r% nqoZpuksa rFkk xkfy;ksa dk iz;ksx cgqr gksrk gSA ;s iz;ksxtkucw>dj fdlh ds izfr fd;s tkrs gSa & Øks/k ds volj ij vkSj dHkh&dHkh Lusgizn'kZu ds fy, HkhA*7 bl rjg ds vi'kCn Hknkojh esa vf/kd ek=k esa feyrs gSaAmnkgj.k ds :i esa ge dqN 'kCnksa dks ns[k ldrs gSa& llqjs] lkysA HksUpks ¾ cfgudks ykafNr djrs gq,A fNujk ¾ iq#"k dh pfj=ghurk dk |ksrdA udVk ¾lkekftd vieku gksus dk vFkZA yidk ¾ yqDdkA iha/kk ¾ izd`fr fo#) O;fHkpkjdh O;atukA fc?kuh ¾ fuankFkZd 'kCnA cjsyk ¾ bZ";kZyqA VaVqxk yxks ¾ ?k`.kk ,oafrjLdkj ds vFkZ esaA Blkmuh dks ¾ ek¡ dks yk¡fNr xkyhA BBbZ ca/kks ¾ e`R;q vFkokloZuk'k dk |ksrdA ixjks mrs ¾ iojS mrs] ejks mrs] Hkkj esa tkvks vkfn 'kCn ds :iesaA [kle[kkbZ ¾ fo/kok ds fy;s] vU; 'kCn ekal [kkfu] jkaM+] jaMksA nekf'ku ¾pkfjf=d nqcZyrk dk izrhd] vU; 'kCn c>kfyu] dqYVk] ddZ'kkA Nksr ¾ cnekfludk lekukFkhZA gM+t# ¾ bZ";kZyq izo`fRr dh L=h] gM+tjk iq#"kksa ds fy;sA yqx;k ¾ifRu esa vR;f/kd vklfDr j[kus okyk iq#"kA xqyek ¾ o.kZ ladjA Nksyu ¾ loZnqxqZ.k laiUu L=h vFkok iq#"kA [klfe;klh ¾ ifr ds fo;ksx esa vR;f/kd O;kdqyrkdk izn'kZu djus okyh L=h vFkok ifr dh lkeus iz'kalk vFkok cM+Iiu dh ppkZ djusokyh L=h ds fy;sA

lacks/kulacks/kulacks/kulacks/kulacks/ku

Hknkojh esa L=h&iq#"k] c<+s&cw<+kas] cPpksa dks lacks/ku djus ds fy, vusd ns'kh;'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k& , ¾ fL=;k¡ vius ifr ds fy, mPpkj.kdjrh gSaA ,b ¾ nwj cSBs O;fDr dks fpYykdj iqdkjukA ,stw ¾ izkS<+ ,oa o`) O;fDr;ksads fy,A Hkb;kgksjs ¾ le o;Ld ;qofr;k¡ izse izn'kZu esa iz;ksx djrh gSaA dk;s dks¾viusiu dk Hkko O;Dr djus ds fy,A xqab;k ¾ leo;Ld ;qofr;ksa esa ijLijO;ogkj gksrk gS] lgsyh dh rjgA cSu ¾ izkS<+ fL=;k¡ leo;Ld L=h ds fy,A vksjs¾fuEu tkfr okyksa dkA yEcj ¾ mPp tkrh; O;fDr ds fy,A yyklsjh ¾ pqukSrh dsHkko esa iz;qDrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 260

vk'khokZnkRed 'kCn & vk'khokZnkRed 'kCn & vk'khokZnkRed 'kCn & vk'khokZnkRed 'kCn & vk'khokZnkRed 'kCn & [kq'kh jvks ¾ de vk;q okyksa dks vk'khokZn ds :iesaA bRrks c<+ks gks tk;s ¾ cPpksa dks cM+s gksus ds fy;sA ,sckrh jvks ¾ lkSHkkX;orh jgusdk HkkoA

lkSxa/k & lkSxa/k & lkSxa/k & lkSxa/k & lkSxa/k & dkYlnso dk dkSy ¾ dle] iq#"kksa ds fy;sA nsorkvksa ls lacaf/kr¾ekru dks dkSy] ctjax dle] egkofnu dks dkSy] nsfou dks dkSy] ckyk th dksdkSyA vorkjksa ls lacaf/kr ¾ jke/kbZ] bZ'oj dleA vius vkils lacaf/kr ¾ viuhlkSa] viuh dle] vivkSa dkSyA vU; ls lacaf/kr ¾ HkbTtbZ lksa] egrkjh dks dkSy]nn~bZ lksa] eksM+k dks dkSyA ifo= unh lacaf/kr ¾ xaxk lksaA lewg ls lacaf/kr ¾flXxjbZ] ?kj Hkj dks dkSyA gckbZ lkSxa/k ¾ NRrqj Nk;k esa Bk¡<+s] lkxj iS cSBs] ijkbZeM+b;k esa cSBs] Hkxoku tkus] eafnj rj gkr ilkjsaA

O;olk; ds vuqlkjO;olk; ds vuqlkjO;olk; ds vuqlkjO;olk; ds vuqlkjO;olk; ds vuqlkj

O;olk; vkSj thou ls lacaf/kr vusd 'kCn Hknkojh ds xzkeh.k :i esa feyrsgSaA ;s 'kCn vyx&vyx O;olk; esa dbZ izdkj ds cksys tkrs gSaA O;olk; dsvuqlkj 'kCn fn;s tk jgs gSaA

fdlku dh 'kCnkoyh fdlku dh 'kCnkoyh fdlku dh 'kCnkoyh fdlku dh 'kCnkoyh fdlku dh 'kCnkoyh & lkekU;r% [ksrh djus okyksa dks fdlku dgk tkrkgS vkSj muds dk;Z dks fdlkuh dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA d`f"k dk;Z esa iz;qDr gksus okys'kCn bl izdkj gSa & [ksr ¾ tqrkbZ djds cht cksdj Qly iSnk djus dk LFkkuA/kRrh ¾ [ksr ;k [ksrksa dk lewgA Vifj;k ¾ [ksr dk NksVk vkdkjA Vawdk ¾ Vifj;kls Hkh NksVs [ksrA ikj ¾ [ksr ds pkjksa vksj dh caf/k;kA iV~Bk ¾ [ksr dh tqrh gqbZfeV~Vh ds uhps dh Bksl HkwfeA dw¡M+ ¾ gYdh uksd ls [ksr esa gksus okyh js[kk,¡Aiqfy;k¾ dw¡M+ dk Hkhrjh HkkxA lsy ¾ [ksr esa flapkbZ djrs le; ty ds osx dksjksdus ds fy;s cuk;h x;h eksVh ykbusaA gjb;k ¾ [ksr ds vLFkk;h VqdM+sA tksr ¾gy pykus ;ksX; ueh;qDr HkwfeA g: ¾ gyA gjhl ¾ gy dk eq[; HkkxA vdqfj;k¾ Qk# ds uhps dk HkkxA ijsFkks ¾ tgk¡ eqfB;k yxrh gSA Qk# ¾ vdqfj;k dsfupyh lrg dk yksgs dk iryk uqdhyk VqdM+kA

blds vykok d`f"k esa dke vkus okys vU; vkStkjksa dks dbZ ukeksa ls iqdkjktkrk gSA tSls& dk¡Bh] x<+hy] lksr] gjsuh] tqvk¡] iapkjh] lSy] tksr] ukjks] i/kb;k]eqfB;k] iusfB;k] vkSxh] c[k#] yksM+] fe>kSuk] Mk¡M+h] nrqvk] Qk¡l] djksjk] phi]ftfj;k] [kksfy;k] ijksg] ik¡l] Nqfj;k] dhyk] ukjh] dlfu;k¡] ikM+] Hkhruk] ikB]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 261

fpjb;ka] rjek¡ph] oj~g] fdfj;k¡] feykbZ] jg¡V] ?kfj;k¡] rhj] pdyk] lwi ;k iukjkS]pdfy;k] rok] iVyh] ykB] dqRrk] [kjSuk] yk¡d] iwjk] xYyh] iSj] rM+doks] iklq Mkjoks][kjSjks nscks] nka;] VfV;k] rkaxjks ;k iapkxjksa] nsbZ] fVIi.kh] flyh] jkl] iVk] Hkql]ljk;rh ;k lkSguh xk¡B] uksuh vkSj djfi;kA

cSyxkM+h ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh &cSyxkM+h ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh &cSyxkM+h ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh &cSyxkM+h ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh &cSyxkM+h ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & /kqjk] gjsuk] fpjb;ka] iVyh] vVku]dVjk] HkkSjk] ijxt] pdhy] pdk] uxQks:] Bw¡fB;k¡] uk;] ux] iqBh] xqthysa] pksfV;k¡]/kok] vk¡mu] iV~Vs] vUnk] [kqqVjh] cfYn;k] >¡>kjh] m¡Vjk] if[k;k¡] flik;s] uDdh] tqgh]tksxks] lyhrk] lxksBk] [kMs+#vk vkSj dlu vkfnA

ukbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & ukbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & ukbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & ukbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & ukbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & drUuh ¾ dSaphA Nqjk ¾ mLrjkA ugUuh ¾uk[kwu dkVus dk vkStkjA flyh ¾ Nqjk dh /kkj yxkus dk iRFkjA cn~/kh ¾ flyhij jxM+us ds mijkar Nqjk Qsjk tkrk gSA daxk ¾ da?khA isVh ¾ Vhu dh NksVhcfDl;kA fcfy;k ¾ NksVh dVksjhA dye ¾ duiVh ij vk;s ckyksa dks dkVukA [kkSj¾ ekFks ij dqN pkSM+kbZ fdukjs ds cky dkVukA fxjnk ¾ flj ds vxz Hkkx ds ckyNqjk ls lkQ djukA ew¡N ¾ ew¡N ds cky feykukA rjokj dkV ¾ uqdhyh ew¡NAeD[kh dkV ¾ eD[kh ds vkdkj ds ew¡N ds cky dkVukA Mksjk ¾ irh ew¡NsA lQkpV¾ ew¡Ns gVkukA dfVax ¾ flj ds ihNs ds cky dkVukA eksVh ¾ eksVs vkdkj ds ckydkVukA cUn ¾ NksVs ckyksa dks cM+s ckyksa ls <dus okyh dfVaxA e'khu ¾ cky dkVusdh NksVh e'khuA thjk ¾ ckyksa dks vf/kd NksVk djus okyh e'khuA eksVh ¾ ckyksadks eksVk j[kus okyh e'khuA ckj NVckS ¾ ckyksa dh dfVaxA ckj cuckS ¾ eqaM ,oank<+h vkfn dfVaxA gtker ¾ nk<+h e¡wN ds cky dkVus dh fØ;kA

c<+bZ dh 'kCnkoyh& c<+bZ dh 'kCnkoyh& c<+bZ dh 'kCnkoyh& c<+bZ dh 'kCnkoyh& c<+bZ dh 'kCnkoyh& ydM+h dk dk;Z djus okys dks dkjhxj ;k c<+bZ dgktkrk gSA c<+bZ ds dk;Z esa vkus okys vkStkjksa ,oa vU; 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fuEu izdkjgksrk gSA mnkgj.k & fiM+h] [knsy] lwr] fB;k] xqfM+;k] fldatk] [kljk] xqfu;k] flyh]QqVk] vkjk] nqgRrh] grkjh] jksa/kh] cky cSafjxnkj jksa/kh] cekZ] fugkuks] fugkuh] dM+Uuk]iVkrh] :Unk] iqyUnk] f>jh dk :Unk] xksYph] yksgs dk :Unk] frdkSjk dBjsrk] Hkkmu]:[kkuh] ijxbZ] cM+k fugkukS] >wejk] ?ku] lqEeh] fcjh] NSuh] fiykl] tEcwj] la'kh]clwyk] clqfy;k] ikrke] fdokj] pkS[kV vkSj dhyh vkfnA

yqgkj dh 'kCnkoyh & yqgkj dh 'kCnkoyh & yqgkj dh 'kCnkoyh & yqgkj dh 'kCnkoyh & yqgkj dh 'kCnkoyh & yksgs dk dk;Z djus okys dks yqgkj dgk tkrk gSA;g yksgs ls d`f"k ,oa vU; {ks= ds gfFk;kj dks cukrk gSA yqgkj ds dk;Z esa iz;qDrgksus okys vkStkj fuEu izdkj gSa& nqdku] HkfV;k] tkyh] ia[kk] ifg;k] fugkbZ] ?ku]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 262

grkSjk] lalh] Nsuh] lqEeh] fcjh] jsrh] VkUuh] dksyk] dqaMh] /kok] xM~Mk] xM+lk] iLlk]g¡fl;k] [kqifj;k] Qk¡l dqjksjk] QkSajk] dqnjk] Vk¡dh vkSj vedVk vkfnA

feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okyksa dh 'kCnkoyh & feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okyksa dh 'kCnkoyh & feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okyksa dh 'kCnkoyh & feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okyksa dh 'kCnkoyh & feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okyksa dh 'kCnkoyh & feV~Vh ds crZu cukus okysdks dqEgkj dgk tkrk gSA dqEgkj iRFkj ds pkd ij feV~Vh dks crZuksa dk vkdkj nsrkgSaA mlds dk;Z dh 'kCnkoyh bl izdkj gS & ekVh] yhn] pdk] dhyk] ikV] pdjsVh]fi<+h] Fkik] pdksaM+h] dwaMs] /kkaxjks] [ksg] Nsu] Mgkj] ukn] eFku;k¡] eksuk] ilfUu;k¡]pqdkfj;k] dfYl;k] fn;k] ikjkS] xxjh] f?kYyh] unkSjk] cksjdk] xksyd] ?kksM+k] pfd;k]gk¡rh] cnd] vaxwjk] g¡fM+;k] p:vk] djok] xeyk] <ksyd] eBksyk vkSj fnofy;kvkfnA

/kksch dh 'kCnkoyh& /kksch dh 'kCnkoyh& /kksch dh 'kCnkoyh& /kksch dh 'kCnkoyh& /kksch dh 'kCnkoyh& fdlku ¾ ftuds diM+s /kksch /kksrk gSA lkSnkbZ ¾diM+ksa ds fy, elkys esa Mqck ds j[kukA gkSnh] jhBk] lkcqu] lksMk] jsvks] HkfV;k] yksgk¼izsl ;k bfLrjh½] iFkjk] lksVk] ?kkVq] yknh] lksvj] lwrd ;k ckj xqrks] dysÅ ;kèkqckbZ] x/kk vkSj lky vkfnA

Hkjcw¡tk ¼HkkM+ Hkwtus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh& Hkjcw¡tk ¼HkkM+ Hkwtus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh& Hkjcw¡tk ¼HkkM+ Hkwtus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh& Hkjcw¡tk ¼HkkM+ Hkwtus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh& Hkjcw¡tk ¼HkkM+ Hkwtus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh& dw¡M+s] vk¡[ksa] >hd] eqgjk]<duk] èkwjk] Ntuk] dPNqyk] xM~Mk] [kijk] >ksad] dwjks] ?kuk] lrqvk vkSj Qwyk vkfnA

pqjsyk ¼pwM+h cspus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh pqjsyk ¼pwM+h cspus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh pqjsyk ¼pwM+h cspus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh pqjsyk ¼pwM+h cspus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh pqjsyk ¼pwM+h cspus okyk½ dh 'kCnkoyh & pwM+h cspus dk /ka/kk djus okysdks pqjsyk] pqjsys] pqjsyks vkSj 'khlxj vkfn uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blds dk;Z esaiz;qDr gksus okyh 'kCnkoyh bl izdkj gS& vksM+h] Ncqfy;k] dVksjh] lksukckbZ] /kwi]Nk¡;] Iysu] jaxhyh] dk¡Vks] dM+k] dyqvk] dpsjk] ¶ysV] f>yfey] fgYy] lqjDdk]vksyh] vlhl] eqj~jh] mBwyk] vk[kr] usx vkSj ykSVrh dh pwM+h vkfnA

lqukj dh 'kCnkoyh & lqukj dh 'kCnkoyh & lqukj dh 'kCnkoyh & lqukj dh 'kCnkoyh & lqukj dh 'kCnkoyh & laLd`r ds 'kCn Lo.kZdkj ls ejkBh lks.kkj cuk gS]blh lks.kkj dk fod`r :i lqukj gks x;k gSA Hknkojh cksyh esa lqukj dks iksn~nkj 'kCnHkh O;og`r fd;k tkrk gSA lqukj ewyr% og O;olk;h tks lksus] pk¡nh dk O;olk;izeq[krk ls djrk gSA lqukj ds O;olk; esa iz;qDr gksus okys 'kCn bl izdkj gSa& lkSuksa¼lksuk½] pk¡nh] lwcjh] iDdh] FkDdk] lksuk] rkeksa ¼rkack½] tLrk] lhlks] ihrj] fugkbZ]grkSjk] tEew] dru~jh] fiykl] lM+lh] cadukj] Qawduh] trh] izsl] MkbZ lqfEe;k¡] fcjh]fpfefV;k] BIik] oekZ] dM+Uuk] NSuh] cV~V] dye] rkj [ksapr dh e'khu] ikfyle'khu] lalk] /kUuk] lknk iVjh] jstk] LVksi] dlkSVh] VksaVk] cq:'k] rstkc] lksjk] xaèkd]uej] dybZ] ia[kk] HkV~Vh] ?kfj;k] v¡xhBh] dk¡VkSa] dYnkj] flfYy;k] L;kabn] lkbZ]mrUuk] y:vk vkSj [kywVk vkfnA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 263

fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh & dPps ?kjksa esa [kijSy ls Nkou dh tkrhgSA ekSle ;k vU; vU; dkj.kksa ls [kijs o"kZ Hkj esa vO;ofLFkr gks tkrs gSaA o"kkZ dsiwoZ mu [kijksa dks fQj ls O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gSa] bl dk;Z dks fQjkbZ dgrs gSaAcgqr ls yksx fQjkbZ dk dk;Z djds viuk thou@;kiu djrs gSaA Hknkojh {ks= dhcqUnsyh esa fQjkbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh fuEu izdkj gS& [kijk] igsyk] vkSa/ksyk] ?kfj;k]igh] iy:] exjks] pkj] [kjkS] lsvks] HkUu] [kkMw] rksvk] Vk¡Vjks] fpYyk] [kqLlsyk] crk]fdUu] xq¡fn;k] xkj] jDlk] ilkj] xksanh] ilfUu;k¡] <qba;k¡] ipdjh vkfnA

xk;u ,oa oknd ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& xk;u ,oa oknd ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& xk;u ,oa oknd ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& xk;u ,oa oknd ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& xk;u ,oa oknd ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& Hknkojh {ks= ds xzkeh.k vapy esaxk;s tkus okys yksdxhrksa rFkk 'kgj ds yksxksa esa gksus okys 'kkL=h; laxhr esa dqNok| ;a=ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& <ksyd] rcyk] ethjk] >hadk] gjeqfu;k]MaMrky] [katjh] uxfM+;k] uxkM+kS] [kM+rky] lkjaxh vkfnA

[ksyksa ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& [ksyksa ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& [ksyksa ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& [ksyksa ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& [ksyksa ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& Hknkojh {ks= esa [ksyksa ls lacaf/kr nks izdkj dh'kCnkoyh ik;h tkrh gS& yM+dksa ds [ksy ls lacaf/kr vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds [ksy ls lacaf/krA yM+dksa ds [ksy ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& fxYyh MaMk] gqyd MaMk] dcM~Mh] pdpw¡ ;k pw¡ ?kksM+k] pEet jst] fBIiqj pksj] vkph&ikph] BM~M cSBk] [kks&[kks] dksM+k ekj]fify;k] x/kkekj] x/kb;k ekj] ewM+ FkIiM+h] rky ryS;k] paxk] rkSjh] vaVh] fVu fQLlh]<saM+h ekj ;k xrbZ ekj] fiyqyok] MqMqok] fe;k¡ekj] pqd pqd pyuh] eqph eqpk] dkBdBmok] HkkSj xM~M] Hkaxh jktk] VslwA

yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/kr [ksy 'kCnkoyh yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/kr [ksy 'kCnkoyh yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/kr [ksy 'kCnkoyh yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/kr [ksy 'kCnkoyh yM+fd;ksa ls lacaf/kr [ksy 'kCnkoyh & ipdqV~Vk] lRrk] rjS;k] xkSjs]egcqfy;k] f>af>;k] giDdw¡] dqp dqp ckrha] >wyk] fgMksajk] iqrfj;k¡A vU; 'kCn& FkqbZ]jsMh] nb;k] inkS] vklq] xPp] iVe iVk] csbeUVk] f[kleUVk] >qV~Vy] lPpy] ejckS]thckS] idckS] dPps xqbZ;k¡ vkfnA

i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh& iV~Vh] djksap] iksruk] cqn~ndk] gjh] ?kksaVk ;k?kqV~Vk] fdye] vksye] ekU=k] dDdk fdDdh] fdV fdUukA

cPpksa dh euksHkkokRed 'kCnkoyh& cPpksa dh euksHkkokRed 'kCnkoyh& cPpksa dh euksHkkokRed 'kCnkoyh& cPpksa dh euksHkkokRed 'kCnkoyh& cPpksa dh euksHkkokRed 'kCnkoyh& dqV~Vh ¾ fe=rk Hkax djus dkizrhdA NwV ¾ fe=rk R;kxus dk miØeA lykbZ ¾ ijLij lykgA dqndk ;kdqn~~nd ¾ mis{kk fefJr frjLdkj O;Dr djus ds fy, vaxwBk dks dM+k ,oa Vs<+kdjds fn[kkukA flaxV~Vk ¾ vaxwBs dks lhax dh rjg pqukSrh ds Hkko esa Vs<+k djdsfn[kkukA fryh&yh&yh ¾ fp<+kus ds fy, thOgk dh uksd ls maxyh dk Li'kZ djdsfn[kkukA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 264

bl izdkj 'kCn lkeF;Z ds oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ij Hknkojh cksyh ds lkekftdfLFkfr O;olk; ,oa o; ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa dks ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ij tks'kCn fn;s x;s gSa] os izR;sd {ks= ds 'kCnksa dk cgqr gh laf{kIr :i gSA ;FkkFkZ esa gens[ksa rks Hknkojh dk 'kCn lkeF;Z dkQh foLrr gSA ,d Hkko dks O;Dr djus ds fy, dbZ'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

bl lanHkZ esa MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& eqjSuk ftys esa cqUnsyh dkraoj?kkjh :i] bVkok esa dUukSth] tkykSu esa yks/kkarh :i] nfr;k esa cqUnsyh dk iaokjh:i vkSj Xokfy;j dh Mcjk rFkk fxnZ rglhyksa esa Øe'k% iapegyh] tVokjh vkSjHknkojh dk O;ogkj gksrk gSA fHk.M ftys dh lhekvksa ij fuEufyf[kr cksyh :iO;og`r gksrs gSaA

mRrjmRrjmRrjmRrjmRrj & raoj?kkjh] fldjokjh ,oa dUukSthA

nf{k.knf{k.knf{k.knf{k.knf{k.k & iaokjh] iapegyh] tVokjh ,oa HknkojhA

iwoZiwoZiwoZiwoZiwoZ & yks/kkUrh ,oa dUukSthA

if'pe if'pe if'pe if'pe if'pe & raoj?kkjh ,oa tVokjhA^8

vU; Hkk"kkvksa ,oa cksfy;ksaa dh rjg cqUnsyh dh Hknkojh cksyh dh Hkh viuhO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk gSA v{kjksa ds ckn 'kCn in dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ ekuh tkrhgS] tks Lora= :i ls O;ogkj esa mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA 'kCn ds :i ge ns[k ldrsgSa& eksM+k] HkSfl;k] cj[kokjks] iug;kbZ] nkSjckS] [kk;ckS] [kkS vkfnA blh rjg 'kCn lsfeydj Hknkojh esa Hkh in dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA in dh O;k[;k djrs gq, MkW-lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^'kCn dk O;kdjf.kd :i in dgykrk gSA in ds varxZrfoHkfDr;qDr 'kCn vkrs gSa vkSj ,sls foHkfDr;qDr 'kCn okD; dks lkFkZdrk iznku djrsgSaA* foHkfDr;k¡ laKkvksa] loZukeksa] fo'ks"k.kksa] /kkrqvksa rFkk fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa O;og`rgksrh gSaA foHkfDr;ksa ls la;qDr 'kCn in dgs tkrs gSa vkSj ,sls in okD; esa O;kdjf.kdlaca/k LFkkfir djrs gSaA tSls & HkSfl;k us [kqj [kq¡n dn~nvks] cSaxk usa xqM+;k; nvksck;] HkSafl;k pu~u xbZ vkSj cSaxk Vqjk; xvkSA^9

Hknkojh ds O;kdj.k dks le>us ds fy, O;kdj.k ds ewy rÙoksa dks le>ukHkh vko';d gSA ;gk¡ ij Hknkojh dk O;kdj.k] O;kdj.k ds ewy rÙoksa dh dlkSVhdj dldj ns[kk x;k gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 265

laKklaKklaKklaKklaKk

fgUnh dh rjg Hknkojh esa Hkh laKk,¡a rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSa& tkfrokpd]O;fDrokpd] vkSj HkkookpdA

tkfrokpd laKktkfrokpd laKktkfrokpd laKktkfrokpd laKktkfrokpd laKk & izkf.k;ksa] inkFkksZa vkSj LFkkuksa dk cks/k djkus okyh laKk,¡tkfrokpd laKk dgykrh gSaA tSls& pkSais ¼pkSik;k½] fpjbZ;k¡ ¼fpfM+;k½] uktq¼vukt½A

O;fDrokpd laKkO;fDrokpd laKkO;fDrokpd laKkO;fDrokpd laKkO;fDrokpd laKk & O;fDr fo'ks"k] oLrq fo'ks"k vFkok LFkku fo'ks"k ds :iesa iz;qDr gksus okyh laKk,¡a O;fDrokpd laKk dgh tkrh gSaA tSls& HkSfl;k ¼HkSal½]lqvk ¼rksrk½] xksÅ¡ ¼xsgw¡½A

Hkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKkHkkookpd laKk & fdlh Hkh xq.k n'kk vFkok Hkko dk cks/k djkus okyh laKk,¡Hkkookpd laKk,¡a dgykrh gSaA tSls& prqjkbZ ¼prqjrk½] paiVuk ¼pkykdh ;qDrfuiq.krk½ rFkk eksM+iu ¼cpiu½A

fyaxfyaxfyaxfyaxfyax

fgUnh 'kCnkuq'kklu esa fyax dks tkfr dk :i ekuk gSA Hknkojh esa Hkh fgUnhdh rjg gh nks fyaxksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS& iqfYyax vkSj L=hfyaxA iqfYyax ds varxZriq#"k fyax ls lacaf/kr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& ekSM+k] Å¡V] lk¡M+] iM+kvkfnA L=hfyax tSls& eksM+h ¼yM+dh½] Å¡Vuh ¼eknk Å¡V½] xb;k ¼xk;½] ifM+;k ¼HkSalf'k'kq½A

loZukeloZukeloZukeloZukeloZuke

tks 'kCn laKk ds cnys esa cksys tkrs gSa] mUgsa loZuke dgk tkrk gSA ;s innks 'kCnksa ds ;ksx ls cuk gSa] ftldk vFkZ lcds uke ds :i esa iz;qDr gksrk gSaAO;ogkj ds vuqlkj fgUnh dh rjg gh Hknkojh esa Hkh loZuke ds Ng Hksn fd;s x;sgSa & iq#"kokpd] fu'p;okpd] vfu'p;okpd] iz'uokpd] laca/kokpd vkSjfutokpdA

iq#"k okpdiq#"k okpdiq#"k okpdiq#"k okpdiq#"k okpd & Hknkojh esa iq#"k okpd loZuke ds rhu :i feyrs gSaA mRreiq#"k] e/;e iq#"k rFkk vU; iq#"kA bu rhuksa :iksa esa ,d opu ,oa cgqopu ik;s tkrsgSaA tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 266

mRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"kmRre iq#"k & ,dopu & 1- eSa rks vkt ukbZ tkrA2- esjkS dk dlwj cfu xvkSA

cgqopu & 1- ge rks vkt ubZ tkrA2- gevkS dk dlwj cfu xvkSA

e/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"ke/;e iq#"k & ,dopu & 1- rsausa isys dk;s dksa dgh rhA2- rqe rks cM+s vkneh gks egkjktA

cgqopu & 1- rqe lc usa isys dk;s dksa dgh rhA2- rqe flaxjs cM+s vkneh gks egkjktA

vU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"kvU; iq#"k & ,dopu & 1- ckusa >ksjk NqM+k; yvkSA2- tkusa vcs jksfVvÅ ukbZa [kkbZA

cgqopu & 1- fcUusa >ksjk NqM+k; yvkSA2- ftUusa vcS jksfVvÅ ukbZa [kkbZA

fu'p;okpdfu'p;okpdfu'p;okpdfu'p;okpdfu'p;okpd & fdlh Hkh dFku dh fuf'prrk O;Dr djus ds fy,fu'p;okpd loZukeksa dk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA blds nks Hksn gSa& fudVorhZ vkSjnwjorhZA

fudVorhfudVorhfudVorhfudVorhfudVorhZ & 1- tk xb;k cM+h ej[kw gSA2- tk eksM+k cM+ks Å/keh gSA

nwjorhZnwjorhZnwjorhZnwjorhZnwjorhZ & 1- ck xb;k cM+h ej[kw gSA2- ck eksM+k cM+ks Å/keh gSA

vfu'p;okpdvfu'p;okpdvfu'p;okpdvfu'p;okpdvfu'p;okpd & ftu okD;ksa ls vfu'p;kRed dFku dk cks/k gksrk gSAmUgsa vfu'p;okpd loZuke dgrs gSaA tSls& }kjsa dksÅ Vsj~jvkS] frgkbZ tsc esa dNwgSA

iz'uokpdiz'uokpdiz'uokpdiz'uokpdiz'uokpd & Hknkojh esa dbZ iz'uokpd loZuke dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAdks&dks] dk&dk rFkk dka& dka :i esa bldk iz;ksx feyrk gSA tSls & Hkka vkSj dksgrkS\ dVqfj;k esa dk ?kjks\] rqe dka x;s rs \

laca/kokpdlaca/kokpdlaca/kokpdlaca/kokpdlaca/kokpd & ftu loZukeksa ls laca/k O;Dr djus dk O;ogkj fd;k tkrkgSA mUgsa laca/kokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA Hknkojh esa ftu] fru] tkSu] rkSu vkfn loZukefeyrs gSaA tSls& tks py jvkS gks; lks pySA ftudksa tkus gks; frudks tku nsvksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 267

futokpdfutokpdfutokpdfutokpdfutokpd & Lo;a dks lacksf/kr djus okys loZuke dks fut okpd loZukedgrs gSaA Hknkojh esa bl izdkj ds loZuke fuEu :i esa feyrs gSa& viqu dksa dksiwNrA viqu rks pqi gsa HkS;kA viqu rks dkuwu is gkar /kjsa vkfnA

fo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.kfo'k s"k.k

fo'ks"k.k os 'kCn gSa tks laKk 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSaA ;s fo'ks"krk,¡ xq.k]n'kk] la[;k vFkok ifj.kke dk cks/k djkrh gSaA Hknkojh esa Hkh vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rjggh fo'ks"k.k lkr izdkj ds gksrs gSaA Øe'k% fooj.k fuEu izdkj gS &

xq.kcks/kdxq.kcks/kdxq.kcks/kdxq.kcks/kdxq.kcks/kd & os 'kCn tks laKk 'kCnksa ds xq.kksa voLFkkvksa ,oa fLFkfr;ksa dk cks/k djkrs gSaA xq.k cks/kd fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa& ¼v½ ehBks vke vPNks yxr ¼c½ yky/kksrh lw[k jbZA

ifjek.kcks/kdifjek.kcks/kdifjek.kcks/kdifjek.kcks/kdifjek.kcks/kd & laKk 'kCnksa dk ifjek.k cks/k djkus okys fo'ks"k.k ifjek.kcksèkd fo'ks"k.k dgs tkrs gSa & ¼v½ rud ikuh Mkfn~n;ksA ¼c½ fdr~rkS nwn ns jbZHkSafl;kA

la[;kcks/kdla[;kcks/kdla[;kcks/kdla[;kcks/kdla[;kcks/kd & laKk dh la[;k dk cks/k djkus okys fo'ks"k.k la[;k cks/kdfo'ks"k.k dgs tkrs gSaA ¼v½ pkj iqjha djcv Mjh drjcs dksaA ¼c½ rhljkS jkst gS musax;saA

fu'p;kRedcks/kdfu'p;kRedcks/kdfu'p;kRedcks/kdfu'p;kRedcks/kdfu'p;kRedcks/kd & fuf'prrk dk cks/k djkus okys fo'ks"k.k fu'p;kRedfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA ¼v½ lcds lc pys x;sA ¼c½ vVdh iS lsj Hkjks pwu ukbZ nsrdksÅA

vfu'p;kRedcks/kdvfu'p;kRedcks/kdvfu'p;kRedcks/kdvfu'p;kRedcks/kdvfu'p;kRedcks/kd & ftu fo'ks"k.kksa ls fuf'prrk dk cks/k u gks lds] mUgsavfu'p;kRed fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa& ¼v½ lSdUu vkneh fQj jvkS 'kDdj ds ykusA ¼c½rsaFkksjh ckr dkÅ dh eku tkvks djsA

fØ;kewydcks/kdfØ;kewydcks/kdfØ;kewydcks/kdfØ;kewydcks/kdfØ;kewydcks/kd & tks fo'ks"k.k :i ewy fØ;k :i esa dqN u dqN ifjorZudjus ls cu tkrs gSa] mUgsa fØ;kewyd fo'ks"k.k dgk tkrk gSA ¼v½ py~r cSjk ds vkjukbZ yxkbZ tkrA ¼c½ jksmr ekasM+k dksÅ ukbZ f[kykmrA

lkoZukfedcks/kdlkoZukfedcks/kdlkoZukfedcks/kdlkoZukfedcks/kdlkoZukfedcks/kd & loZukeksa ls lajfpr fo'ks"k.k lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dgykrsgSaA tSls& ¼v½ tSlks rsausa djks rSlkS Qy feykSaA ¼c½ okS ukSdj ukbZ iV~Vks tks vkos dhdS xvkS rksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 268

fØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;kfØ;k

ftu 'kCn ls fdlh dk dke djuk ;k gksuk le>k tk;s] mls fØ;k dgrs gSaAfØ;kvksa ds nks :i gksrs gSaA Hknkojh esa Hkh ;s :i ns[ks tk ldrs gSa & vdeZd vkSjldeZdA

vdeZdvdeZdvdeZdvdeZdvdeZd & ftu fØ;kinksa ds dk;Z] O;kikj ,oa Qy dk izHkko drkZ ij iM+rkgS] os fØ;k,¡a vdeZd dgha tkrh gSaA vdeZd fØ;kinksa esa deZ Li"V ugha gksrsA ¼v½xb;k pj jbZA ¼c½ eksM+k lks; jvksA

ldeZdldeZdldeZdldeZdldeZd & ftu fØ;kinksa ds dk;Z] O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ij u iM+dj deZij iM+rk gS] mu fØ;k inksa dks ldeZd dgk tkrk gSA ,sls okD;ksa esa deZ dk gksukvfuok;Z gSA ¼v½ pkdj lkpkS dj~jvkSA ¼c½ dkNh dNokbZ xksM+ jvkSA

vdeZd vkSj ldeZd fØ;kvksa ds vfrfjDr Hknkojh esa dqN vU; fØ;kin Hkhik;s tkrs gSa] os fuEu izdkj gSa &

f}deZdf}deZdf}deZdf}deZdf}deZd & bu fØ;kvksa ds lkFk nks deZ gksrs gSaA tSls& ¼v½ ck xk; dksa pkjkSMkn~nsvksA ¼c½ [kkV ij xn~nk fcNk; nsvksA

izsj.kkFkZdizsj.kkFkZdizsj.kkFkZdizsj.kkFkZdizsj.kkFkZd & tks fØ;k :i ewy /kkrq esa izR;; yxkdj cuk;s tkrs gSa] osizsj.kkFkZd fØ;k dgs tkrs gSaA tSls& ¼v½ iVSy us xjhc xekj dksa pksjh esa >wBksQlcknvkSA ¼c½ muusa ckds eksM+k dh idM+ djck nbZA

viw.kviw.kviw.kviw.kviw.kZ & ftu fØ;k :iksa ls dk;Z ds iw.kZ u gksus vFkok tkjh jgus dk cks/k gksrk gSA os viw.kZ fØ;k,¡ dgha tkrh gSaA tSls& ¼v½ jkr&fnu ckx ckfx;u dks[kVdk cukS jgrA ¼c½ pk; tc ikmusa vk tkrA

lgk;dlgk;dlgk;dlgk;dlgk;d & eq[; fØ;k ds lgk;d :i esa vkdj mlds vFkZ dks iw.kZrk iznkudjus okyh fØ;k lgk;d fØ;k dgykrh gSaA tSls& ¼v½ ckS ?kqfM+;k iS cSB xvksA

la;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;kla;qDr fØ;k & tc ,d okD; esa ,d ls vf/kd fØ;kin ,d lkFk vkrs gSa]rc mUgsa laa;qDr fØ;k dgk tkrk gSA tSls & ¼v½ fcV~Vks fnu Hkj g¡lr [ksry jbZA

fØ;kRed fØ;kfØ;kRed fØ;kfØ;kRed fØ;kfØ;kRed fØ;kfØ;kRed fØ;k & ,sls fØ;k :i izeq[k :i ls fØ;k esa u izR;; tksM+djvUR; ^vk^ dks ^,^ esa ifjofrZr djds cuk;s tkrs gSaA tSls& os ;k ckS gksrk gSAmnkgj.k& ¼v½ fljiap dkS eksM+k Mkd/kjh i<+os HkksikyS xvkSA ck rks cl [kkckS] ihckSdjr jgrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 269

vO;;vO;;vO;;vO;;vO;;

fgUnh vkSj cqUnsyh O;kdj.k esa vk;s vO;; dh rjg Hknkojh esa Hkh vO;;feyrs gSaA vO;; dh ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^ftu'kCn&:iksa esa fyax] opu] iq#"k] dkjd bR;kfn ds dkj.k dksbZ fodkj mRiUu ughagksrk] mUgsa vO;; dgk tkrk gSA vO;; 'kCn v $ O;; ds la;ksx ls cuk gSA ^v^dk vFkZ ^ugha gS vkSj O;; dk vFkZ ^[kpZ gksuk^ gSA bl rjg vO;; dk ljykFkZ ucnyus okyk 'kCn :i gSA vO;; izR;sd n'kk esa vius :i esa ;Fkkor jgrs gSa] muesaifjorZu ugha gksrkA^10 Hknkojh esa Ng izdkj ds vO;; feyrs gSaA tSls& fØ;kfo'ks"k.k¼;gk¡] ogk¡] tYnh½A leqPp; cks/kd ¼mj] vkSj½A foLe;kfncksèkd ¼g"kZ] 'kksd rFkkvk'p;Z½A ldkjkRed rFkk udkjkRed ¼gvkS] gka gka] ukbZa] ubZ½A ijlxhZ; 'kCnkoyh¼ckds laxS] ihB fiNkÅa½A fuikr ¼gh] Hkh] Hkj] rd½A

dkydkydkydkydky

Hknkojh esa fgUnh dh rjg fØ;k ds rhu dky :i feyrs gSa& orZekudky¼cfN;k nwèk pkSa[k jbZ½A Hkwrdky ¼fcV~Vks us ns[kks rks½A Hkfo";dky ¼cks dky ctkjs tsgs½A

/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡/ofulewg ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

Hknkojh cksyh cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i gksus ds dkj.k blds /ofulewgksa esa ml{ks= ds vklikl dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ;k cksyh dk izHkko ns[kk tkrk gSA Hknkojh ,dvksj czt ls lkE; j[krh gS rks nwljh vksj dUukSth ls] blfy, blesa ftu /ofu;ksadk izpyu gSA og cqUnsyh] czt rFkk dUukSth dk fefJr :i gSA bldh ppkZ djrsgq, MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^Hknkojh ?kkj dh lehdj.k dh izo`fRrtVokjs ds dlekj] xqRrkSj] nsojk] ';keiqjk] ify;k] /kelk vkSj tukSjk xzke esa miyC/k gks tkrh gSA blh rjg Hknkoj ?kkj ds dBoka] jfo;kiqjk] /kukSyh] ijkoZu vkSjenjiqjk vkfn xk¡o esa tVokjs dh mdkj cgqyk mPpkj.k fiz;rk vkSj ckYVh] ykUVsu]dUlk laKk 'kCn :i lgtrk ls miyC/k gSaA jtiwr ?kkj ds pkSjklh xk¡o if'pehlhek ij tVokjs dh mPpkj.k fo'ks"krk,¡ fy;s gq, gSa] rks nf{k.k iwoZ esa dNok;s ?kkjdh mPpkj.k fof'k"Vrk lgt gh ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA jtiwr pkSjklh dk dSjkSyh]fdVh] tkjsV rFkk xqj;k;ph vkSj tVokjs dk ?kewjh] HkM+sjk] egqvjh] nsgxk¡o] [ksfj;kpk¡nu] ckyk {ks=] laØe.k dk {ks= gSA jtiwr ?kkj dks Hknkoj ?kkj ls vyx djusokys xk¡o esa Hkh cksyh dh /ofu ds /kjkry ij ;gh fLFkfr gSA^11

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 270

cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i Hknkojh {ks= esa cksyh tkus okyh cksyh dh /ofuxrfo'ks"krkvksa dks le>us ds fy, /ofuxzkfed laxBu dk vk/kkj ysuk vko';d gS vkSjblds fy, /ofu;ksa ds Loj] O;atu] 'kCn] izR;;] cyk?kkr] lqj rFkk lewgxrfo'ks"krkvksa dks le>us ds fy, vkxs Åij crk;s vuqlkj la{ksi esa fooj.k fd;k x;kgSA

LojLojLojLojLoj

fgUnh dh vU; cksfy;ksa dh rjg cqUnsyh dh Hknkojh cksyh esa Hkh ewy nl LojO;ogkj esa mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA ;s Loj v{kj Hknkojh {ks= esa ;qXe mPpkj.kksa }kjkcksys tkrs gSaA tSls & Vd&Vdk] fcl&chl] pqd&pwd] lsj&lSj] dksy&dkSyA

Lojksa dh fLFkfrLojksa dh fLFkfrLojksa dh fLFkfrLojksa dh fLFkfrLojksa dh fLFkfr

Hknkojh esa Lojksa dh fLFkfr fuEu izdkj gS &

^v^ & vVd ¼xjt½] >ji ¼ijnk½] HkM+HkM+ ¼lksjxqy½A^vk^ & vkljks ¼Hkjkslk½] nckjks ¼ncko½] vM+k ¼vaMk½A^b^ & bdljks ¼bdgjk½] ufV;k ¼NksVs dn dk cSy½] <qfj ¼izlUu½A^bZ & bZlqj ¼bZ'oj½] ijhr ¼izsr½] tqjkbZ ¼Toj½A^m^ & mlkjkS ¼NIij½] umok ¼ukbZ½] cq<+Å ¼o`)½A^Å^ & ÅtjkS ¼LoPN½] xewdkS ¼eqDdk½] cukÅ ¼cukoVh½A^,^ & csyk ¼dVksjk½] ulsVk ¼my>u½] flxjs ¼lc½A^,s & ,slku ¼,sglku½] ulSuh ¼lh<+h½] djSA^vks & xksM+s ¼iSj½] vuksg ¼prqjkbZ½] foV~Vks ¼yM+dh½A^vkS & dkSy ¼lkSxa/k½] xBkSjk ¼xV~Bk½] ikjkS ¼?kM+s dk <Ddu½A

vuqukfldvuqukfldvuqukfldvuqukfldvuqukfld

vuqukfldrk cqUnsyh mPpkj.k dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ekuh tkrh gSA bl dkj.kHknkojh esa Hkh ;g vuqukfldrk vf/kd ek=k esa ns[kh tkrh gSA Hknkojh esa ftuvuqukfld Lojksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] os bl izdkj gSA mnkgj.k& ^va &vaxksVckS ¼viuk ysuk½] mj>aVk ¼my>u½A ^vka & vkad ¼vad½] xqykaV ¼iyVuk½A^ba & baxqfj;k ¼vaxqyh½] ftank ¼thfor½A ^bZa & bZaxqj ¼flUnwj½] eghankj ¼ukSdj½] pqjha¼pqfM+;k¡½A ^,a & ,axj ¼ikl½] xjsaV ¼xys rd½] lktsa ¼lfEefyr½A ^,as & ,sadkj

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 271

¼'k=qrk½] iusfB;k ¼cSyksa dks gkadus dh ydM+h½] e:dsa ¼eqf'dy ls½A ^vksa & vksax

¼uhan½] cxyksa;¡ ¼cxy ls½] >u~uksa ¼;gk¡ rd½A ^vkSa & pkSarjk ¼pcwrjk½] rM+dkSank

¼uohu mez dk½] ekSa ¼eq¡g½A

la;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Lojla;qDr Loj

cqUnsyh ds Hknkojh :i esa ftl izdkj ds la;qDr Loj feyrs gSa] os fuEu izdkj

gSa& v$vks ¾ vkSjk ¼vflafp xsgw¡½] v$m ¾ dkSok] v$vks ¾ jgukSA

Lojla;k sxLojla;k sxLojla;k sxLojla;k sxLojla;k sx

Hknkojh esa nks vFkok nks ls vf/kd Lojksa dk feyuk Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA bl

rjg ds la;ksx ls ftu Lojksa dk feyuk gksrk gS] muesa ls izR;sd dk viuk Lora=

vfLrRo lekIr gks tkrk gS vkSj ,d la;qDr Loj cu tkrk gSA tSls& v$, ¾ ,sA

v$v ¾ vdjkl ¼vM+pu½] v$vk ¾ vokj ¼nsj½] v$bZ ¾ Hkb;k ¼HkkbZ½] v$bZ ¾

ukbZ ¼uohu½] m$vk ¾ m?kkjkS ¼oL=ghu½] v$b$vk ¾ vb;k ¼nknh½] m$v$b$vk¾

fpjb;k ¼fpfM+;k½A

Hknkojh cksyh esa 'kq) fgUnh ds dbZ Loj yksi gksrs gSaA cqUnsyh cksyh dh Loj

yksi Hkh ,d fo'ks"krk ekuh tkrh gSA Loj fuEu izdkj ls yksi gksrs gSa& byk;ph ¾

yk;ph] iqfyl ¾ iqyl] /ofu ¾ /kquA

Loj foi;Z;Loj foi;Z;Loj foi;Z;Loj foi;Z;Loj foi;Z;

/ofu ifjorZu dh ,d fn'kk fo'ks"k dks Loj foi;Z; dgk tkrk gSA foi;Z; dk

'kkfCnd vFkZ myV tkrk gSA Hknkojh esa Loj foi;Z; ds dbZ mnkgj.k ns[kus dks

feyrs gSaA tSls & v ds LFkku ij b ¾ VekVj & fVekVj] v ds LFkku ij bZ ¾ vkx

& vkxh] v ds LFkku ij m ¾ lQsn & lisr] , ds LFkku ij vks ¾ xsgw¡ & xksagw¡A

Loj ifjorZuLoj ifjorZuLoj ifjorZuLoj ifjorZuLoj ifjorZu

Hknkojh cksyh esa ,sls cgqr ls 'kCn miyC/k gSa] ftuds Loj ifjorZu ls 'kCn dk

vFkZ gh cny tkrk gSA tSls& v ls vk ¾ xe ¼/kS;Z½] xke ¼xk¡o½A b ls bZ ¾ fcl

¼tgj½] chl ¼,d la[;k½A m ls Å ¾ cqjkS ¼cqjk½] cwjkS ¼'kdj½A vks ls vkS ¾ eksj

¼,d i{kh½] ekSj ¼nwYgs dk eqdqV½A

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 272

LojkxeLojkxeLojkxeLojkxeLojkxe

Hknkojh cksyh esa ,sls cgqr ls 'kCn izpfyr gSa] ftuesa gesa Loj dk vkxe Li"Vfn[kk;h nsrk gSA tSls & Luku & vLuku] L=h&bL=h] izdV& fijdV] I;kl &fi;kl] }kj&nqvkj] C;kg&fc;koA

O;atuO;atuO;atuO;atuO;atu

cqUnsyh esa iz;qDr gksus okys O;atu fgUnh ds ewy O;atu gh gSaA ;s O;atuHknkojh esa Hkh gksrs gSaA Hknkojh esa vV~Bkbl O;atuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAmPpkj.k dh n`f"V ls O;atuksa dk foHkktu bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS& Li'kZ& d~ [k~x~ ?k~ V~ B~ M~ <~ r~ Fk~ n~ /k~ i~ Q~ c~ Hk~A Li'kZ la?k"khZ& p~ N~ t~ >~A la?k"khZ ;k Å"e&l~ g~A ikf'oZd & y~A yqafBr& j~A vuqukfld & u~ e~A v)Z Loj & ;~ o~A Hknkojhcksyh esa O;og`r O;atuksa esa dqN /ofu;k¡ vYiizk.k vkSj dqN egkizk.k gSaA bl Lrj ijoxhZdj.k bl izdkj gksrk gS &

v & vYiizk.k & d~ x~ p~ t~ V~ M~ r~ n~ i~ c~Avk & egkizk.k & [k~ p~ N~ >~ B~ <~ Fk~ /k~ Q~ Hk~A

Hknkojh cksyh esa O;atu /ofu;ksa dk ?kks"k vkSj v?kks"k vk/kkj ij Hkh oxhZdj.kfd;k x;k gSA

v & ?kks"k & x~ ?k~ t~ >~ M~ <~ n~ /k~ c~ Hk~Avk & v?kks"k & d~ [k~ p~ N~ V~ B~ r~ Fk~ i~ Q~A

ukflD; O;atu /ofu;k¡ukflD; O;atu /ofu;k¡ukflD; O;atu /ofu;k¡ukflD; O;atu /ofu;k¡ukflD; O;atu /ofu;k¡

fgUnh esa ³] ¥] .k] u] e O;atuksa dks ukflD; dgk x;k gS] ysfdu cqUnsyh vkSjcqUnsyh dh Hknkojh cksyh esa bu /ofu;ksa dk yksi gks x;k gSA lkekU; :i ls ukflD;O;atu /ofu;ksa ds varxZr Hknkojh esa e vkSj u o.kZ dk mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk gSA ;sukflD; /ofu;k¡ Lojksa vkSj O;atuksa ds lkFk lkeku :i ls miyC/k gks tkrh gSA blizdkj dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj i;kZIr ek=k esa ik;k tkrk gSA O;atuksa ds lkFk ukflD;rk dsmnkgj.k i;kZIr :i esa feyrs gSaA tSls& ^d^& daxwjk ¼fdys ds f'k[kj½A ^[k^& [kaqM¼cky jfgr [kksiM+h½A ^x& xwaFku ¼my>k gqvk lwr½A ^?k^ &?kwal ¼fj'or½A ^p^& paV¼pkykd½A N^& Nwapk ¼Qy jfgr pus dk ikS/kk½A t^& taV] ftn ¼gB½A >^& >axk¼<hyk oL=½A ^V^& VaV ¼eksVh pknj½A ^B^& BaBuiky ¼fu/kZurk dk lwpd½A ^M^&

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 273

MaM ¼naM½ A ^<^ <kad ¼ok| fo'ks"k½A ^r^& rar ¼'kfDr½A ^Fk^& FkwFkjkS ¼eq¡g½A ^n^ &nanQanA ^/k^& /kkaxM+k ¼fefJr½A ^u^& uksau ¼ued½A ^i^& iaMks[kj ¼LFkku uke½A^Q^& QkaV ¼cVokjk½A ^c^& ckaV ¼i'kqvksa dk nkuk½A ^Hk^& HkqafV;k ¼Tokj dh ckyh½A^e^& earqj ¼ea=½A ^j^& jkaih ¼peMk dkVus dk vkStkj½A ^y^& yaxqfj;k ¼nsoh xhr½A^o^& foa?k ¼fo?u½A ^l^& lsaVk ¼yQaxk½A ^g^& gaMk ¼xSl dh ykyVsu½A

O;atu xqPNO;atu xqPNO;atu xqPNO;atu xqPNO;atu xqPN

Hknkojh esa tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;atu ,d lkFk vkrs gSa vkSj muds chpdksbZ Loj] /ofu xzke rFkk [kaMsrj /ofuxzke ugha vkrs] rc bls O;atu xqPN dgrs gSaA,slh 'kCn jpuk,¡ vkfn] e/;] vaR; dksfV;ksa esa feyrh gSaA tSls& X;kHku ¼xHkZ/kkj.kdjuk½] xDdM+ ¼eksVh jksVh½] >V~V ¼'kh?kzRkk½A

O;atu foi;Z;O;atu foi;Z;O;atu foi;Z;O;atu foi;Z;O;atu foi;Z;

tc ,d O;atu ds LFkku ij nwljs O;atu dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] rc O;atu foi;Z;dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA Hknkojh esa dqN O;atu foi;Z; bl izdkj gSa& d&x& izdV&izxVA d&[k & 'kadk&la[kkA [k&d & cq[kkj&HkqdkjA [k&N &eD[kh&eaNhA p&t & dehp&dehtA V&B & eksVj&eksBjA Fk&r & gkFk&gkarAM+&j & yM+kbZ&yjkbZA /k&n & nw/k&nwnA n&/k & unh&u/khA .k&u & izk.k&izkuAn&r & [kkn&[kkrA Q&i & lQsn&lqisrA c&d & eqlhcr&eqlhdrA r&/k &rkxk&/kkxkA Hk&e & [kaHkk&[kaekA ;&t & ;equk&tequkA y&j & dkyh&dkjhAu&y & uje&yjeA y&u & okYVh&okurhA

O;atu vkxeO;atu vkxeO;atu vkxeO;atu vkxeO;atu vkxe

ftu 'kCnksa dh jpuk esa O;atu /ofu;k¡ vkdj lfEefyr gks tkrh gSaA ,sls 'kCnksadks O;atu vkxe dh lhek ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA Hknkojh cksyh esa ,sls mnkgj.ki;kZIr ek=k esa feyrs gSaA tSls& vVk & vVkjhA v¡/ksjk & vaf/k;kjksaA mtsyk &mft;kjksA fdckj & fdjckjA fiNkM+h & fiNokjsaA tekur & tekuxrA tks'kh &tks;lhA lwnkS & lwnjkSA

O;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksiO;atu yksi

Hknkojh cksyh esa O;atu yksi dh izo`fRr ns[kus dks feyrh gSA tSls & g &xsagw¡&xksaÅ¡A ; & ck;nk&cknkA o & /otk&/ktkA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 274

'kCn'kCn'kCn'kCn'kCn

'kCnksa dh jpuk Loj rFkk O;atu /ofu;ksa ds la;ksx ls gksrh gSA Hknkojh esa Hkh'kCn jpuk ik;h tkrh gSA dqN 'kCn bl izdkj gSa & vaxk#a] vknkS] bdBkSjs] bZalqj]mykr] Å/ke] ,yd] ,sglku] vksjkS] vkSyV] ddjk] [kjh] xdfj;k] ?kj?kwyk] pepk]Nijk] tjcM~Mk] >u~uk] VVsjk] Bksljks] Mqdjk] <kad] rud] Fkku] nn~nk] /ku~u]ufu;kojkS] iV~Vh] Ql~lk] ck[kj] Hkcwr] eldka] jV~Vks] rhlM+] lenh] fgYykS vkfnA

'kCn fuekZ.k'kCn fuekZ.k'kCn fuekZ.k'kCn fuekZ.k'kCn fuekZ.k

Hknkojh esa 'kCn fuekZ.k /kkrq esa milxZ rFkk izR;; tksM+dj fd;k tkrk gS&1- milxksZa ds ;ksx ls cus 'kCn & vc & vkSxqu] dq & dqdje] nqj & nqjn'kk] v&veksy] Hkj & HkjisV] dq & dqtkr] v/k & v/kidkS] ,u & ,uc[kr] de dher]cn& cnpyuA 2- ij izR;;ksa ds ;ksx ls cus 'kCn& vkbZ & fiVkbZ] vkS & dqpjkS]vkÅ & fcdkÅ] ckjkS & mijckjkS] var & yM+ar] vkd & lM+kd] vkdkS & lukdkS]b;k & fdcfj;k] bZyks & HkM+dhykSA

lqjlqjlqjlqjlqj

Hknkojh cksyh esa ,d gh 'kCn ds lqj ds dkj.k fofHkUu Hkko O;Dr djus dh{kerk gSA ftl rjg fgUnh dh vU; cksfy;ksa esa Hkk"kk Hkh O;fDr ds /kjkry ij lqjdk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA mlh rjg Hknkojh esa Hkh mPpkj.k ds /kjkry ij lqj izHkkodkjhHkwfedk vnk djrs gSaA mPpkj.k dh fofo/krk ds dkj.k ^gvks 'kCn dbZ vFkksZa dkcksèkd gks tkrk gSA tSls&

gvks & nksuksa v{kjksa ij vf/kd cy&fu"ks/k lwpdAgvks & nwljs v{kj ij vf/kd cy&pqukSrh lwpdAgvks & izFke v{kj ij vf/kd cy&mis{kk lwpdAgvks & nksuksa v{kj ij lkekU; cy&Lohd`fr cks/kdAgvks & vafre v{kj ij izFke dh vis{kk vf/kd cy&vk';pZ cks/kdA

lqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjhlqjygjh

lqj ygj laca/k 'kCn dh lhek yk¡?kdj okD; dh lhek esa igq¡p tkrk gSA ,dgh okD; lqj ygj ds izHkko ls vusd vFkksZa dk cks/k djkus esa leFkZ gksrk gSA Hknkojhcksyh esa lqj ygj ds dkj.k tc ,d gh okD; dbZ rjg ls mPpkfjr gksdj vusdvFkZ nsrk gS] rc mldk egÙo /ofu ds /kjkry ij vius vki c<+ tkrk gSA tSls &

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 275

1- ckS /kn~nvkS yV~B ckusa&fu'p;&okpdA2- ckS /kn~nvkS yV~B ckusa&vk'p;Z&cks/kdA3- ckS /kn~nvkS yV~B ckusa&Øks/k&lwpdA4- ckS /kn~nvkS yV~B ckusa&iz'u&lwpdA5- ckS /kn~nvkS yV~B ckusa&fpUru&lwpdA

fu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Zfu"d"k Z

bl izdkj Hknkojh cqUnsyh ds mRrjh Hkkx dh ,d mi&cksyh ds :i esa ekU;rkizkIr gSA blesa ;gk¡ dh LFkkuh; vU; cksfy;ksa dk izHkko fn[kk;h nsrk gSA lexz :iesa tc ge Hknkojh ds /ofu lewgksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa] rc blesa tks vUrj fn[kk;hnsrk gS] og bl izdkj gS& vkSdkjkUr dh izo`fRr loZ= ik;h tkrh gSA vUR; /ofu;k¡vks rFkk vkS o.kZ ds e/; dh gSaA bl /ofu ds fy, i`Fkd ek=k fu/kkZfjr u gksus dhn'kk esa vkS dh ek=k dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA dUukSth Hkk"kh lhekorhZ; {ks= ds xk¡oesa ikSj&ikSjh] er&efr 'kCn:i feyrs gSaA tVckjs esa ?kj&?k#] gj&g# tSls mdkjcgqyk izo`fRr ik;h tkrh gSA tVckjs esa ckYVh&ckUVh :i O;ogkj esa ik;s tkrs gSaAczt fefJr Hknkojh ds O;ogkj {ks= tVckjs esa Hkfo";dky dh fØ;k,¡a pyaxkS] [kkxkSvkfn :i feyrs gSa vkSj dUukSth fefJr Hknkojh okys ?kkj {ks= esa budk :i pfygkSa][kk;gkSa vkfn feyrk gSA udkjkRed ugha 'kCn tVckjs esa ukusa] uk;usa ?kkj esa uka]dUukSth esa ukgha rFkk dkSjo cgqy xk¡o esa ubZa :i ik;k tkrk gSA Hknkojh esa dbZ Hkkxksaesa gdkj foYkqIrhdj.k dh izofRr Hkh ik;h tkrh gSA tSls& igykS&iSykS] egrkbZ&erkbZAbl izdkj Hknkojh Hkk"kk O;kdjf.kd n`f"Vdks.k ls cqUnsyh cksyh esa viuk vyx LFkkuj[krh gSA bldk {ks=] lhek,¡a] 'kCn&lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk rFkk fo'ks"krk,¡bldk Lora= :i fuèkkZj.k djus esa l{ke gSaA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 347&248-2- ogh(3- fyafXofLVd losZ vkQ bafM;k] [k.M 1] Hkkx 1 ( i`- 531-4- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 348-5- MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k ( Hknkojh cksyh dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u ( i`- 42-6- ogh ( i`- 43-7- ogh ( i`- 43&44-8- ogh ( i`- 93-9- ogh ( i`- 94-10- ogh ( i`- 113&114-

11- ogh ( i`- 122-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 276

cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa esa varj vkSj lekurkcqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa esa varj vkSj lekurkcqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa esa varj vkSj lekurkcqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa esa varj vkSj lekurkcqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa esa varj vkSj lekurk

cqUnsyh ,d foLr`r Hkw&Hkkx dh cksyh gSA bls Hkk"kk dk ntkZ Hkys gh u feykgks] ijarq viuh le`f) ds dkj.k cqUnsyh cksyh gksrs gq, Hkh ,d Hkk"kk dk egÙo j[krhgSA cqUnsyh cksyh dks foLrkj ls le>us ds fy, blds fofo/k Lo:iksa dh ppkZ foLrkjls vyx&vyx v/;k;ksa ds :i esa dh x;h gSA tc ge bl laiw.kZ Hkw&[k.M dkxgu v/;;u djrs gSa] rc vyx&vyx {ks=ksa esa cksyh tkus okyh cqUnsyh viuh{ks=h; fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k ,d vyx :i xzg.k dj ysrh gSA

cqUnsyh ds fofo/k Lo:iksa ds O;kdj.k esa varj vkSj lekurk gSA ;g varj vkSjlekurk {ks=] ml cksyh dh lhek,¡] 'kCn lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk vkSj /ofulewg,oa fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V djus dk ;gk¡ iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksadh lekurk vkSj vUrj dks bUgh ik¡p fcUnqvksa ds varxZr j[krs gq, vkSj blh vkèkkjij mu mi:iksa dh Lora= lRrk dks Li"V djus dk miØe fd;k x;k gSA

laiw.kZ cqUnsy[k.M {ks= esa cksyh tkus okyh cksyh dks cqUnsyh dk uke fn;k tkrkgS] ysfdu 'kq) cqUnsyh gS tks vius Lora= :i esa cqUnsy[k.M vapy ds chpksa&chpcksyh tkrh gS] ftlesa fdlh vU; Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k cgqr defeyrk gSA bl 'kq) cksyh dks gh cqUnsyh vFkok izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh laKk nh x;hgSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh cqUnsyh dk vk/kkj LraHk ekuh tkrh gSA bl [k.M ds varxZr

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 277

geus Hkh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dks vk/kkj ekudj cqUnsyh ds vU; {ks=h; Lo:iksa dsO;kdj.k esa varj vkSj lekurk dk rqyukRed vè;;u djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

vU; {ks=h; cksyh ds chp varj vkSj lekurk dh laf{kIr ppkZ vkxs dh tk jgh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj [kVksyk cqUnsyh

^[kVksyk cqUnsyh^ izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks cqUnsy[k.M ds mRrj iwoZesa cksyk tkrk gSA [kVksyk cqUnsyh Nrjiqj ds iwohZ] iUuk ds if'peh vkSj neksg dsmRrjh Hkkx esa fo'ks"k :i ls cksyh tkrh gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kkgS& ^bldk if'peh Hkkx Nrjiqj ftys dh iwohZ lhek ls layXu gSA Nrjiqj ftysdk iwokZsRrj Hkh geus iwohZ {ks= esa gh lfEefyr fd;k gS] ftldk dkj.k bl Hkkx dhcksyh ds :i dh iUuk ftys ds mRrjh vkSj iwohZ Hkkx ds cksyh :i dh lekurk gSAgeus bl Hkkx ds cqUnsyh :i dks cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh dk feJ.k dgk gSA iUuk dsbl vof'k"V if'peh Hkkx vkSj Nrjiqj ftys ds dqN Hkkx rFkk neksg ftys ds mRrjhlhekorhZ Hkkx ds cqUnsyh :i esa yxHkx lekurk gSA^1 blls Li"V gksrk gS fd[kVksyk cqUnsy[k.M ds mRrjh Hkkx esa cksyh tkus okyh cksyh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh [kVksyk cqUnsyh dk vk/kkj LraHk gSA [kVksyk cqUnsyh ds {ks=ds lacaèk esa MkW- fxz;lZu us fy[kk gS& ^bl {ks= esa fctkoj vkSj iUuk jkT; RkFkkjkeiqj ijxuk] pj[kkjh jkT; dk egkjkt uxj] [kkl Nrjiqj vkSj Nrjiqj jkT; ds¼vc Nrjiqj ftys ds½ nsojk rFkk jktuxj ¼[ktqjkgks {ks=½] ijxuk rFkk yqxklh]xjkSyh] vyhiqj] chgV rFkk fcygjh tkxhj vkrs gSaA^2

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

[kVksyk cqUnsyh dk O;kdj.k rks yxHkx izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh gh rjg gSAysfdu {ks=h;rk ds dkj.k blds /ofu lewgksa esa cgqr varj ik;k tkrk gSA [kVksykcqUnsyh ds vfèkdka'k 'kCn cqUnsyh ds t:j gSa] ijarq ;g c?ksyh dh lhekjs[kk dsutnhd gksus ds dkj.k blesa c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk i;kZIr iz;ksx gksrk gSA [kVksyk oklhtks cksyh cksyrs gSa] mlds eè;k{kj esa gdkj dk yksi feyrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- galus fy[k gS &

jmok emok dkr gSa] uk¡; ek¡; vfopkjAT;ksa [kVksy oklh rtsa] vPNj chp gdkjAA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 278

^[kVksyk oklh& e/;k{kj ls gdkj dk yksi djds ^jgqvk^ dks ^jmok^ ¼jgusokyk½] ^egqok^ dks ^emok^] ^dgr^ dks ^dkr^ dgrs gSaA ;s ^uk¡; ek¡^ ¼;gk¡ ogk¡½ dkfopkj Hkh ugha djrs] vFkkZr~ bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha djrsA ¼;s 'kCn lkxj ftys dhcqUnsyh esa gh iz;qDr gksrs gSa½A^3

bl izdkj [kVksyk cqUnsyh vius {ks=h; 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k izkekf.kdcqUnsyh ls vyx LFkku cukrh gSA O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls [kVksyk esa fo'ks"k varj ughaik;k tkrk] ysfdu /ofu lewgksa dh n`f"V ls blds rhu :i feyrs gSa & Nrjiqj dh[kVksyk] if'peh iUuk dh [kVksyk vkSj mRrjh neksg dk [kVksyk :iA blls Li"Vgksrk gS fd [kVksyk izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls cgqr dqN varj j[krh gSA

[kVksyk cqUnsyh esa tks 'kCn feyrs gSaA os LFkkuh; izHkko dks fy, gq, gSa vkSjizkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls esy u [kkrs gq, Hkh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dks foLr`r vkSj le`)cukrs gSaA

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls [kVksyk cqUnsyh Hkys gh gVdj viuk ,d vyx LFkkucukrh gks ijarq mldk vk/kkj izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa dkvkSj O;kdj.k dk iz;ksx iz/kku :i esa [kVksyk esa gksrk gSA ;g cqUnsyh dh fo'ks"krkgh dgh tk ldrh gS fd og vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dks vius esa vkRelkr~ dj ysrhgSA 'kCn lewg vkSj /ofuxr fo'ks"krk,¡ vyx gksrs gq, Hkh ;g ugha dgk tk ldrkfd [kVksyk cqUnsyh ugha gSA ;g mlds {ks=h;rk dk izHkko gS fd mlds 'kCn Hk.MkjvkSj /ofulewgksa esa varj vk x;k gS] ysfdu mlds ewy esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh gSAmldk O;kdj.k] mldk 'kCn lkeF;Z] mlds /ofu lewg lc feydj izkekf.kdcqUnsyh vFkok 'kq) cqUnsyh dks foLrkj nsrs gSaA bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fdizkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh [kVksyk cqUnsyh ds dsUnz esa gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyh

iaokjh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks cqUnsy[k.M ds nf{k.k esacksyk tkrk gSA e/;Hkkjr ds uxj /kkj] mTtSu rFkk nsokl ds vkl&ikl iaokjfuokl djrs FksA budh ,d 'kk[kk csauxaxk vkSj mldh lgk;d ufn;ksa] ckcu/kM+h]ck/k] pubZ] f?kljh] nso] lksu vkfn ds fdukjs HkaMkjk] ckyk?kkV rFkk flouh bu ftyksaesa cl xbZA nwljh 'kk[kk o/kkZ unh ds fdukjs fLFkr o/kkZ ¼vkohZ {ks=½ ukxiqj ¼dkVksy

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 279

lkolsj {ks=½ fNUnOkkM+k] cSrwy ftyksa esa cl xbZA iaokjh cksyh eq[;r% egkjk"Vª jkT;ds HkaMkjk] ukxiqj] o/kkZ] ;oreky] vejkorh rFkk e/;izns'k ds ckyk?kkV] flouh]fNUnokM+k ,oa cSrwy ftys ds nsgkrksa esa cksyh tkrh gSA egkjk"Vª esa cksyh tkus okyhiaokjh ij ejkBh dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ckyk?kkV ftys esa xkSaM+h] eqjkjh] yks/kkUrh]dks"Vh] gy~oh] NRrhlx<+h ¼[kYVkgh½ vkfn mi cksfy;k¡ cksyh tkus ds dkj.k blftys dh iaokjh ij mudk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl ftys ds okjkflouh] cSgj]ckyk?kkV rglhyksa vkSj dVaxh] ykycjkZ] ykath] [kStjykath mi rglhyksa ds uxjksaesa iaokj tkfr ds yksx iaokjh izHkkfor fgUnh cksyrs gSaA fdUrq xzkeksa esa ejkBh] ekyoh]cqUnsyh] c?ksyh fefJr cksyrs gSaA flouh] fNUnokM+k vkSj cSrwy ftyk cqUnsyh izHkkforgS] blfy, bl {ks= esa cqUnsyh vkSj ejkBh fefJr iaokjh cksyh tkrh gSA

bl izdkj iaokjh cqUnsyh ij cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk ejkBh vkSj ekyoh ds 'kCnksadk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu blds lkFk gh bldk vk/kkj izkekf.kd cqUnsyhgh ekuh tkrh gSA iaokjh cqUnsyh 'kCn lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd fo'ks"krk vkSj /ofu lewgds varj ds dkj.k izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls cgqr gVdj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

iaokjh cqUnsyh dk 'kCn lkeF;Z dbZ cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa ls feydj le`) gksrkgS] bl dkj.k bldh O;kdjf.kd fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkh mlh ds vuq:i viuk :i fu/kkZfjrdjrh gSa vkSj blh dkj.k bldh /oU;kRedrk cgqr dqN izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls vyxgSaA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

iaokjh cqUnsyh vkSj izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds chp ds varj dks le>us ds fy, nksuksacksfy;ksa ds O;kdj.k] 'kCn lkeF;Z vkSj /ofuxr fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>uk vko';d gSAiaokjh cksyh esa ftu vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj ftldsdkj.k iaokjh cqUnsyh dh ,d micksyh cu xbZ gSA os fuEu izdkj gSa& ejkBh& uojk¼ifr½] ckbdks ¼ifRu½] eksBksa ¼cM+k½] ejkV~;k ¼,d izdkj dh xkyh½] dksbZ ¼dqN½] jkrh¼jkr dks½] ykMw ¼yMMw½] rqfe ¼rqEgksa& rqe lc½] fe ¼eSa½] ldkj ¼nwljs fnu dk lcsjk½][kkY;k ¼uhps½] toj ¼ikl½] cl /kkrq ¼cSBuk½A

ekyoh & ukWo] vksdh] Hk; jbZ] jg~;ks] vksuk] vyky] rhuh] br] dgu] yX;ks]pY;ks] vk;ks] x;ks] ej~x;ks] mRrj~;ks] dlks ¼dSlks½] x;ks] ejj~;ks] eksjks rksjks] jgx;ksA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 280

NRrhlx<+h & Hkksyk] ejl] dfgl] nsbl] /kfjl] vkyk] cksfyl] ekfjl] if<+l]jbls] muyk] gksflyA

c?ksyh& taxy & ek¡] nbZ ¼nq;~½] ysbu] xbu] eksj] iwafNu] yfxu] nsf[ku] vkbu]nsbuA

cqUnsyh & gksrk] m ¼Å½] ubZ] djr] dksdh] /kM+h Hkj] /khj /kj] cuk;ns] pyuksaHk;ksa] jkrHkj] fVVju] [kk;yso] ?kksVrsa] vksdk] [kathj ¼ikxy½] lksaM] iqjkouyxkor&yxkor] end] FkVcM+] /kj[ks] vkvksA

fefJr 'kCn & [kku yk ¼[kku cqUnsyh dk yk ejkBh dk½] ejkBh ds deZ dkjddh foHkfDr ^yk^ vusd fgUnh ds 'kCnksa esa yxkdj ,d 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSA ;Fkk&dekmuyk] mrkyk ¼m/kkj ls½] ngjrhyk] [kkunkuyk] muykA ldkj HkbZ] cl x;ks]tcj x;ks ¼ejkBh] fgUnh½] LFkkuh; :i& gksfru vrk ¼vr,o½] vkijks ¼viuk½]dgd ¼vksj½] p?k ¼p<+½] ikynw ¼ikyw¡xk½ vkfnA

bl izdkj iaokjh esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa dk rks iz;ksx gksrk gh gS] D;ksafdizkekf.kd cqUnsyh bldk vk/kkj gSA lkFk gh vU; cksyh tSls& ejkBh] ekyoh]NRrhlx<+h] c?ksyh vkSj vU; fefJr 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

iaokjh cksyh O;kdjf.kd n`f"V ls Hkh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls dbZ n`f"V;ksa ls fHkUufn[kkbZ nsrh gSA blds Loj vkSj O;atu rks izkekf.kd dh rjg gh gSa] ysfdu tc os'kCn dk :i ysrs gSa] rc mudk :i cny tkrk gSA O;kdjf.kd n`f"V ls Hkh iaokjhesa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls i;kZIr Hksn ik;k tkrk gSA

blh izdkj /oU;kRed n`f"V ls Hkh iaokjh izkekf.kd ls cgqr gVdj gS] D;ksafdtSlk fd Åij dgk tk pqdk gS fd blesa dbZ cksfy;ksa vFkok Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa dklekos'k gks x;k gSA iaokjh esa /kkrqt vkSj v/kkrqt nksuksa izdkj ds 'kCn feyrs gSaA LojvkSj O;atu dh n`f"V ls ;fn ge iaokjh dks ns[ksa rks mlds 'kCn izkekf.kd ls vyxfn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

iaokjh cqUnsyh vkSj izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds 'kCn lewg] O;kdj.k vkSj /ofuxrfo'ks"krkvksa esa varj gksrs gq, Hkh bUgha n`f"V ls lekurk Hkh lkeus vkrh gSA iaokjhcqUnsyh cqUnsy[k.M ds nf{k.kh {ks= dh lhek fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA iaokjh esa vU; cksfy;ksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 281

ds 'kCn fey tkus ls cqUnsyh dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj le`) gksrk gSA O;kdj.k dh n`f"V lsblesa cqUnsyh dh rjg gh laKk vkSj loZuke feyrs gSaA fyax fo/kku Hkh izkekf.kdcqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA {ks=h;rk vkSj LFkkuh;rk ds dkj.k blds /ofu lewgksa esavo'; varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ysfdu ,slk ugha dgk tk ldrk fd cqUnsyh dk iaokjhesa dksbZ egRo gh ugha gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj iaokjh cqUnsyh ds O;kdj.k dhlekurk ds fy, iaokjh ds O;kdj.k dks foLr`r :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS] ftldhppkZ iaokjh cqUnsyh 'kh"kZd v/;k; esa foLrkj ls dh xbZ gSA fuf'pr gh iaokjhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk nf{k.kh :i gS] tks cqUnsyh dh nf{k.k&if'peh lhek dk fu/kkZj.kdjrh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj yks/kkUrh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj yks/kkUrh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj yks/kkUrh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj yks/kkUrh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj yks/kkUrh cqUnsyh

yks/kkUrh cksyh cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks cqUnsy[k.M ds gehjiqj vkSj tkykSuftyksa esa cksyh tkrh gSA yks/kkUrh dk {ks= fo'ks"krkSj ls gehjiqj ftys dk if'peksRrjHkkx gSA yks/kkUrh ds {ks= ds ckjs esa MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& yks/kkUrh gehjiqjftys ds if'peksRrj Hkkx] jkB rglhy rFkk tkyksu ftys ds mjbZ {ks= esa izpfyrcqUnsyh :i gSA^4 bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd yks/kkUrh dk dsUnz gehjiqj vkSj tkykSuftyk gh gSA blhfy, bl cqUnsyh :i esa cqUnsyh ls gVdj LFkkuh; cksfy;ksa dkfeJ.k ik;k tkrk gSA

yks/kkUrh dh mRifRr yks/kh jktiwrksa }kjk cksyh tkus okyksa ls ekuh tkrh gSAnwljh vksj jkBkSj jktiwrksa dh vf/kd la[;k ds chp cksyh tkus ds dkj.k bls jkBkSjhHkh dgk tkrk gSA MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& ^blds cksyus okyksa esa yks/khjktiwrksa dh la[;k vf/kd gksus ls bls yks/kkUrh dgk tkrk gSA cqUnsyh ds bl :idks jkBkSj jktiwr Hkh cM+h la[;k esa cksyrs gSa] blls ;g jkBkSjh Hkh dgh tkrh gSA^5

bl izdkj yks/kkUrh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk mRrjh if'peh :i ekuk tkrk gS]blesa LFkkuh; 'kCnksa vkSj /ofu lewgksa ds feJ.k ls izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls gVdj :ifn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

yks/kkUrh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i Hkys gh gS] ijarq blesa Hkh LFkkuh;'kCnksa vkSj /ofu lewgksa dk iz;ksx gksus ls cgqr varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bldk 'kCnlkeF;Z cqUnsyh dk gksrs gq, Hkh vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa ls le`) gSA mnkgj.k ds :i

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 282

esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa& ^cM+ Hkb;k dks C;ko gks xvksA dNq fnuu ds ckn lkSnkxj us;ks ns[kcks pkgks fd muds csVu esa lcls T;knk gqfl;kj dks gS \ Åus vius pkjÅyjdu das lkS&lkS :ib;k ns n, vkSj dvks fd ctkjsa tkdsa tks eusa vk; lks [kjhnykoA pkjÅ Hkb;k vius&vius :ib;k ySdsa ?kj lsa pysA mudsa jLrk esa ,d rykfeyksA os mrS #d x,A pkjÅ tuksa us mrS jksVh cukdsa [kkbZaA fQj ctkjs eupkghphtsa [kjhnus pys x,A^6 bl izdkj yks/kkUrh esa tks 'kCn iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa] muesaizeq[k :i ls ;s gSa*& cM+ Hkb;k ¼cM+s HkkbZ½] :ib;k ¼:i;k½] jLrk ¼jkLrk½] ryk¼rykc½] pkjm ¼pkjks½] ctkjs ¼cktkj½] lhlk ¼niZ.k½] xqu ¼xq.k½] grkS ¼Fkk½] Fkfj;k¼Fkkyh½] VkBh ¼Fkyh½] mUugk ¼diM+k½] Åesa ¼mlesa½] iyd ekjrbZa ¼vk¡[k >idrs½]udfj;k ¼NM+h½] tqjs ¼bdV~Bs gq,½] ifr;kjk ¼tkudkjh ysus ds fy,½] dvkS ¼dgk½vkfnA*

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd yks/kkUrh esa ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA os dsoycqUnsyh ds gh ugha gSa] cfYd mlesa c?ksyh vkSj vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn Hkh feys gSaAO;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gS] ysfdu /ofu lewgksa esa varj vk x;k gSAgdkj yksi dh izo`fRr blesa ikbZ tkrh gSA yks/kkUrh esa dgha&dgha [kM+h cksyh dkizHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tSls& ckn] muds] vius] izse] pys] os] fd vkfn 'kCnA

jkB vkSj mjbZ {ks= esa izpfyr cqUnsyh :i esa dqN vUrj vo'; gS] fdUrqvfèkd vUrj u gksus ds dkj.k bu nksuksa {ks=ksa dsa cksyh :i dks ,d gh cksyh ds :iesa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd ;g nksuksa Øe'k% jkBvkSj mjbZ {ks= ds :i gSa] ij okLro esa budk lhek foHkktu laHko ugha gaSA jkB vkSjmjbZ {ks= ds e/;Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk og :i Hkh izpfyr gS] tks 'kq) cqUnsyh dgk tkrkgSA bl 'kq) cqUnsyh ds {ks= esa nf{k.k ls jkB dh cksyh vkSj mRrj ls mjbZ dh cksyhdk izHkko gSA ifj.kke Lo:i cqUnsyh ds bu rhuksa :iksa ¼e/; if'peh gehjiqj] jkBvkSj mjbZ {ks= dh cksyh½ esa cgqr de varj feyrk gSA ;g ns[krs gq, jkB {ks= lsmjbZ {ks= rd dh ¼gehjiqj ftys ds if'peh e/;Hkkx esa fLFkr jkB ls tkykSu ftysds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa fLFkr mjbZ rd dh½ cksyh dk ,d gh :i ekudj mls yksèkkUrhdguk vuqfpr u gksxkA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

yks/kkUrh dks 'kq) cqUnsyh dk ,d :i gh dgk tkrk gSA 'kCn lkeF;Z esa tksvU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn feyrs gSa] mlls cqUnsyh dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj gh le`) gksrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 283

yksèkkUrh ds ewy esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh gSA jkB vkSj mjbZ {ks= ds e/; Hkkx esa cqUnsyh

dk tks :i izpfyr gS] og 'kq) cqUnsyh dgk tkrk gSA ;g vyx ckr gS fd mlds

vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa esa vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gks x;k gSA ysfdu blds

ckn Hkh yks/kkUrh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk gh ,d :i gS] tks dbZ n`f"V;ksa ls 'kq) cqUnsyh

ds lehi Bgjrk gSA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd yks/kkUrh dk 'kCn lkeF;Z]

O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk vkSj /ofu ,oa lewgxr fo'ks"krk,¡ izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds ,d vyx

:i dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyh

cukQjh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds iwohZ {ks= dh cksyh ekuh tkrh gSA bldks

cuQjh] cuijh vFkok cukQjh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g cqUnsy[k.M ds iwohZ

{ks= dh cksyh gSA blds LFkku vkSj {ks= ds laca/k esa MkW- fxz;lZu us fy[ks gS&

^cqUnsy[k.M ,tsUlh dk mRrjh Hkkx vkSj iwohZ Hkkx eq[;r% cukQjh Hkk"kk cryk;k gSA

blds vfrfjDr mudh ekU;rk ds vuqlkj pj[kkjh jkT; dk pany ijxuk] Nrjiqj

ftys dk ykSaM+h {ks=] iUuk jkT; dk /keZiqj ijxuk] ukSxk¡o] jsokbZ] xkSjhgkj] csjhtkxhj

rFkk vt;x<+ vkSj ckmuh jkT; Hkh cukQjh Hkk"kk {ks= ds varxZr vkrs gSaA bldk

{ks= gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.k iwohZ Hkkx rFkk iwoZ esa c?ksy[k.M ds ukxkSn rFkk eSgj

jkT; ds if'peh Hkkx rd foLr`r gSA^7

cukQjh cqUnsyh esa {ks=h; vkSj LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cgqrk;r ls feyrk gSA

ewy :i ls blds cksyus okys cukQj tkfr ds yksxksa dh la[;k rhu yk[k ipkl

gtkj ekuh xbZ gSA bl laca/k esa MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& ^orZeku gehjiqj

ftys dk leLr nf{k.k&iwohZ Hkkx] ftlesa egksck] eks?kk vkSj iUuk ftys dh vt;x<+

rglhy ,oa mlesa layXu bl ftys dk iwohZ Hkkx cukQjh cksyh dk {ks= dgk tk

ldrk gSA MkW- fxz;lZu us bl cksyh ds cksyus okyksa dh la[;k rhu yk[k pkyhl

gtkj pkj lkS crykbZ gSA orZeku tuo`f) ds vuqlkj ;g la[;k de ls de rhu

yk[k ipkl gtkj vo'; esa ekuh tk ldrh gSA^8

cukQjh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gksus ds dkj.k blesa cqUnsyh ds

lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh vkSj vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn cgqrk;r ls feyrs gSaA tc ge blds

O;kdj.k dh rqyuk izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls djrs gSa] rc O;kdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk blds

'kCn Hk.Mkj vkSj /ofuxr fo'ks"krkvksa dks Hkh /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 284

O;kdj.k eas vUrjO;kdj.k eas vUrjO;kdj.k eas vUrjO;kdj.k eas vUrjO;kdj.k eas vUrj

cukQjh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i Hkys gh gks] ijarq bldk 'kCnHk.Mkj vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa ls le`) gSA bl dkj.k bldh /ofuxr fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkhmlh ls fufeZr gksrh gSaA O;kdj.k esa cgqr de varj ik;k tkrk gS] ijarq /ofu esai;kZIr varj gSA cukQjh ds os 'kCn tks bls izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls vyx djrs gSa] osdqN bl izdkj gSa& efugkj ¼O;kikjh½] oSa ¼os½] [kk&ihdSa ¼[kk ihdj½] O;kg ¼fookg½]djSa ¼djus½] ykuSa ¼fy;s½] ryklSa ¼ryk'kus½] brS ¼;gk¡½] ryk ¼rkykc½] #[ku ¼o`{k½]Nk;jh ¼Nk;k½] Å ¼ml½] fcfV;k¡ ¼yM+fd;k¡½] [kk¡ ¼dks½] vksEgSa ¼muesa½] vks[kh¼mldh½] grh ¼Fkh½] ewM+ ¼flj½] x?kjh ¼?kM+k½] lax ¼lkFk½] rks;s ¼rsjk½] ykmr ¼ykrh½]nvkS ¼fn;k½] lkapÅ¡ ¼lpeqp½] dksÅ ¼dksbZ½] gksgS ¼gksxk½] ubZ ¼ugha½] eksa ¼eq¡g½] vxk#¼vkxs½] eu;heu ¼eu gh eu½] iNkÅ¡ iNkÅ¡ ¼ihNs&ihNs½] vksus ¼mlus½] yjdk¼yM+dk½] gS ¼gks½] lgj ¼'kgj½] ryck ¼rykc½] xkHkh ¼?kuh½] BSj ¼#d½] |kj ¼nsj½]vksgw ¼mldh½] tkSu ¼ftl½] Y;kmrh ¼ykrh½] jghl ¼jbZl½] dkSUgkSa ¼dksbZ ugha½] jfgckS¼jguk½] LokpS ¼lkspusa½] Mkjh ¼nh½] nSoks ¼nsuk½] yjdu ¼yM+dksa½] Eok[kk¡ ¼eq>dks½] gok¼gks½] ck[kks ¼mldk½] ds[ks ¼fdlds½] |k ¼nks½] ys[k ¼yk;d½] Hks ¼gq,½] ek¡ ¼eSa½] mUuSa¼mlus½] muek¡ ¼mlesa½] mbZ ¼og½] HkM+ok ¼orZu] ?kM+k½] Tokc ¼tokc½] nhu ¼fn;k½] ,sFks¼,sls½] ekjlc ¼jguk½] tk¡o ¼tk;xsa½] gqbZxk ¼gks x;k½] ,s[ks ¼blds½] vksFks ¼mlls½]Mkfjl ¼Mkyk½] eqagh ¼eq>s½] l;ku ¼toku½] ikNw&ikNw ¼ihNs ihNs½A

bl izdkj cukQjh esa {ks=h;rk dk izHkko Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tks blsizkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls vyx djrk gSA cukQjh ds tks {ks=h; :i gS] mlesa cqUnsyh iz/kku cukQjh] egksck pj[kkjh {ks= dh cukQjh] ykSM+h {ks= ¼Nrjiqj½ dh cukQjh izeq[k:i ls ns[kus esa feyrh gSA cgqr ls ,sls 'kCn gSa] tks dbZ ckj cqUnsyh esa Hkh cksys tkrsgSa vkSj c?ksyh esa HkhA tSls& blds djSa] djSa ds ykus] HkjS [kk] vkSEgSa] vks[kh] rksc]ykmr] gk;ks] vk;s] cuk;s ds ykus] iNkÅ¡&iNkÅ¡] vks[ksa] vksUgSa vkfnA ;s 'kCn c?ksyhcksyh esa gSa t:j] ijarq bUgsa cqUnsyh dk c?ksyh :i gh dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa c?ksyhizHkkfor cqUnsyh ds gh 'kCn dgk tkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^bUgsac?ksyh ds iz;ksx u dgdj c?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnssyh ds gh iz;ksx dguk vf/kd;qfDrlaxr gksxkA nks cksfy;ksa ds lhekorhZ {ks= dh cksyh dk tks :i mu nksuksacksfy;ksa ds ijLijrk ls cu tkrk gS] ogh :i bl cqUnsyh iz/kku cukQjh dk gSA^9

O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls cukQjh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls tSls&tSls vyx gksrh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 285

tkrh gSA mldk ,d vyx gh :i curk tkrk gS] tks bls cqUnsyh ls vyx djrkgSA cukQjh cksyh e/;izns'k ds mRrj&iwoZ esa cksyh tkrh gSA blds {ks= ds varxZrpj[kkjh jkT; dk pany ijxuk] Nrjiqj ftys dk ykSM+h {ks=] iUuk jkT; dk /kjeiqjijxuk] ukSxk¡o] jsokbZ] xkSjhgkj] csjhtkxhj] vt;x<+ vkSj ckouh jkT; Hkh blds

varxZr vkrs gSaA gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.k&iwohZ Hkkx rFkk iwoZ esa c?ksy[k.M ds ukxkSn

rFkk eSgj jkT; ds if'peh {ks= cukQjh varxZr ekus x;s gSaA cukQjh ds laca/k esa

MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ge T;ksa&T;ks iwoZ dh vksj c<+rs tkrs gSa] gesa cukQjh esa c?ksyh

dk izHkko c<+rk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA izFke mnkgj.k gehjiqj ftys ds if'peh lhekorhZ

Hkkx gS] tgk¡ ls 'kq) c?ksyh dk {ks= vkjaHk gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ml cksyh :i

esa c?ksyh feJ.k cgqr de feyrk gSA mls c?ksyh izHkkfor cqUnsyh gh dgk tk ldrk

gSA f}rh; mnkgj.k gehjiqj ftys ds nf{k.k&if'peh Hkkx&egksck pj[kkjh {ks= ds

cksyh :i dk gSa] ftlesa gesa c?ksyh dk feJ.k vf/kd feyrk gSA^10

'kq) cqUnsyh vkSj cukQjh cqUnsyh ds O;kdj.k esa rks fo'ks"k varj ugha gSA ijarq

/ofu esa varj vo'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] bldk dkj.k LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk fey tkuk gSA

cukQjh èoU;kRed n`f"V ls lkekU; cqUnsyh ls gVdj cksyh ekuh x;h gS] D;ksafd

blesa cUnsyh ds 'kCnksa ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk vf/kd feJ.k fn[kk;h nsrk

gSA eobZtkj {ks= dh cukQjh esa bldk /oukRed :i dqN bl izdkj gS &

esjk&Eokj] rsjks&Rokj] lkspu&Lokpu] csVk&O;kVk] dsj&D;kj] ?kksjk&?okj vkfnA

cukQjh esa ,dkjkUr vkSj vksdkjkUr 'kCn Hkh izk;% ,sdkjkUr vkSj vkSdkjkUr

mPpkfjr gksrs gSaA tSls& lsa&lSa] dsa&dSa] tks&tkS] cks&ckS vkfnA O;atuksa esa ^u^ ds

LFkku ij y^ mPpkfjr gksrk gSA tSls & tue&tye] fuacw&fyacw] uhe&yhe vkfnA

blds foijhr y ds LFkku ij u dk iz;ksx Hkh izpfyr gSA tSls& ydM+h&udjh]

udfj;k&ykus&ukus vkfnA

cukQjh esa cqUnsyh dh rjg gh ^y^ ds LFkku ij ^j^ mPpkj.k lkekU; :i esa

feyrk gSA tSls & dkyks ¼dkyk½&dkjks] ryokj&rjokj] nhoky&nhokj vkfnA

cukQjh esa ^o^ ds LFkku ij ^e^ dk iz;ksx Hkh dbZ 'kCnksa esa gqvk gSA tSls&

nhoku&nheku] toku&teku] yoax&yeax] nok[kkuk&nek[kkuk] daqoj&dqaej vkfnA

cukQjh esa cqUnsyh dh lkekU; izo`fRr gdkj yksi dh fo'ks"krk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

tSls & 'kgj&lgj] gkFk&gkr] Fks&rs] rqEgkjs&rqejs] cjQ&cji vkfnA cqUnsyh dh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 286

;g izo`fRr c?ksyh ds feJ.k dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k de gksrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

cukQjh esa ^.k^ ds LFkku ij ^u^] ^M+ ds LFkku ij ^j^] ^<^ ds LFkku ij ^M^ dk

mPpkj.k Hkh lkekU; cqUnsyh dh rjg gh feyrk gSA tSls & dkj.k&dkju]

yM+dk&yjdk] <wa<+cks&<waMcks vkfnA

cukQjh esa c?ksyh dk izHkko gksrs gq, Hkh cqUnsyh dh vuqukfldrk dh izo`fRr

loZ= fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA tSls& oS] djSa] ykus] Hkjsa vkfnA

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

cukQjh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i gSA blesa Hkys gh vU;

cksfy;ksa vFkok Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gks x;k gks] ysfdu blds ewy esa

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh gSA 'kCn lkeF;Z vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dks le`) djrk gSA

ysfdu ewy 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gh gSaA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk FkksM+s cgqr varj ds lkFk 'kq)

cqUnsyh dh gh gSA gdkj yksi dh izo`fRr blesa Hkh ikbZ tkrh gS] tks cqUnsyh dh ,d

izeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd cqUnsyh ds ,d :i esa cukQjh viuk

LFkku j[krh gSA 'kq) cqUnsyh vFkok izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls dbZ n`f"V;ksa ls blesa

,d:irk ikbZ tkrh gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dks cukQjh cqUnsyh ,d foLrkj nsrh gS] ,d

lef) nsrh gSA fuf'pr :i ls cukQjh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk iwohZ :i gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj dqUnzh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj dqUnzh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj dqUnzh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj dqUnzh cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj dqUnzh cqUnsyh

dqUnzh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks cqUnsy[k.M ds mRrjh&iwohZ

Hkkx esa cksyk tkrk gSA dqUnzh cqUnsyh] cqUnsyh dk mRrjhiwohZ :i gSA bl dkj.k bldk

{ks= gehjiqj ftys dh mRrjh&iwohZ lhek tks dsu unh ds ikl gS vkSj ckank ftys dh

lhek ls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^gehjiqj ftys dh

mRrj&iwohZ lhek ij dsu unh izokfgr gksrh gS] tks gehjiqj vkSj ckank ftys dh lhek

dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSaA bl unh ds nksuksa vksj dh rVorhZ ldjh iV~Vh esa tks cksyh]

cksyh tkrh gS] ogh dqUnzh dgykrh gSA bldk ;g uke iM+us dk dksbZ fof'k"V dkj.k

ugha tku iM+rkA laHko gS fd dsu unh ds rVorhZ ladh.Zk ¼dqUn½ Hkkx esa cksyh tkus

ds dkj.k gh ;g ^dqUnzh^ vFkok ^dqUnjh^ dgykrh gSA^11 bl izdkj dqUnzh dk {ks=

gehjiqj vkSj ckank ftys ds chp cgus okyh dsu unh dk rVorhZ {ks= gS] tks ,d

iV~Vh ds :i esa laf{kIr :i ls foLr`r gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 287

dqUnzh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd vFkok 'kq) cqUnsyh dh mRrjh&iwohZ lhek js[kk dkfuèkkZj.k djrh gSA blesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx cgqrk;rls gqvk gSA dqUnzh cqUnsyh ds Lo:i dk fu/kkZj.k 'kCn lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kkvkSj /ofu lewgxr fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gSA dqUnzh cqUnsyh ij c?ksyh ds'kCnksa ds izHkko dh ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& gehjiqj dh dqUnzhcqUnsyh ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj mlesa c?ksyh fefJr gS] ij ckank dh dqUnzh c?ksyh ijvkèkkfjr gS vkSj mlesa cqUnsyh fefJr gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gehjiqj dh dqUnzh c?ksyhfefJr cqUnsyh :i gS] ij ckank dh dqUnzh cqUnsyh fefJr c?ksyh gSA^12 dqUnzh cqUnsyhdk ,d :i vo'; gS] ijarq blesa c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gks tkus ds dkj.k ;gizkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls ,d vyx gh LFkku j[krh gSA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

dqUnzh vkSj izkekf.kd cqUnsyh esa lcls igyk varj rks 'kCn lkeF;Z dk gSAdqUnzh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa ij rks vk/kkfjr gS gh] lkFk gh bldk 'kCnHk.Mkj c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa ls le`) gSA bl lanHkZ esa MkW- gal us fy[kk gS& ^blesa dksbZlansg ugha fd unh vFkok ioZr chp esa vkdj Hkk"kk vFkok cksyh dk bruk :iifjorZu dj ldrh gS fd ,d gh cksyh nks fofHkUu ifjokjksa ¼if'peh fgUnh vkSj iwohZfgUnh½ dh cksfy;ksa dk vax cu tkrh gS] ;fn ge c?ksyh ds feJ.k dh U;wurk vkSjvf/kdrk dks gh cksyh ds :i foHkktu dk vk/kkj eku ysa] rks gesa gehjiqj ftys dsegksck {ks= esa izpfyr cukQjh vkSj mlh ftys ds eobZtkj {ks= esa izpfyr cukQjhdks nks fHkUu ifjokjksa dh cksyh ekuuk iM+sxk] D;ksafd mi;qZDr izFke {ks= dh cukQjhdh vis{kk f}rh; {kss= dh cukQjh esa c?ksyh feJ.k dh vf/kdrk gSA ge iwoZ foosfprcukQjh dh rjg dqUnzh ds Hkh nks {ks=h; :i rks eku ldrs gSa] fdUrq mls nks ifjokjksads cksyh ds :i esa foHkkftr dj nsuk gesa ;qfDrlaxr ugha tku iM+rkA^13

dqUnzh cqUnsyh esa ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cgqr gksrk gSA os 'kCn bl izdkj gSa&cfu;k¡ ¼O;kikjh½] yfjdk ¼yM+dk½] jgka;sa ¼jgs½] mbZ ¼os½] dju ¼djus½] tksx ¼;ksx½]Hks ¼os½] rcfgu ¼rHkh½] ckg ¼mudk½] C;kg ¼fookg½] dkjSadk ¼djus ds fy,½] cgw ¼oèkw½][oktsa ¼<wa<us½] fudjk ¼fudyk½] oksg ¼og½] ek ¼esa½] vkvks ¼vk;k½] g~ok¡ ¼ogk¡½] ryS;k¼rykc½] pquw nsj ek¡ ¼FkksM+h nsj esa½] HkjSadk ¼Hkjus dks½] okgds ¼mldh½] jgk;s ¼jgh½]tkSu ¼tks½] ck ¼ml½] rs ¼ls½] ?kju ¼?kj½] tku ¼tkus½] eqM+s ¼flj½] uhd&uhd¼vPNs&vPNs½] dgk;sa ¼dgus½] rksj ¼rsjk½] ãk ¼gks½] nhUgsl ¼fn;k½] lghek ¼lp esa½]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 288

eksj ¼esjk½] gqbZ ¼gksxk½] egds ¼bl dkj.k½] gkS ¼gw¡½] Hkk ¼gqvk½] Lokpu ¼lkspus½] ykx¼yxk½] nhusd ¼fn;k½] lquk;s ¼lquk½] uhd ¼vPNk½] cj ¼oj½] gkeh ¼gk¡½A dqUnzh dsnwljs :i esa tks gehjiqj ftys ds vkl&ikl cksyh tkrh gS] 'kCnkas dk tks :i feyrkgS] os 'kCn fuEu izdkj gSa& cksg ¼mudk½] fcpkj ¼fopkj½] dhUgsl ¼fd;k½] BSj ¼#dx;k½] rudbZ ¼FkksM+h½] HkkSr ¼cgqr½] okg ¼ml½] grh ¼Fkh½] yjfd;k¡ ¼yM+fd;k¡½] ?kSyk

¼?kM+k½] lk¡r ¼lkr½] dkgs ¼D;ksa½] gs ¼gS½] lk¡psm¡ ¼lgh esa½] tslSa ¼ftlls½ vkfn 'kCnksa

ds }kjk dqUnzh dk 'kCn Hk.Mkj le`) ik;k tkrk gSA

dqUnzh cqUnsyh dh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA dsoy

/ofu lewgxr fo'ks"krk,¡ vyx gks xbZ gSa] ftldk dkj.k blesa c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk

vkSj LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk vf/kd iz;ksx gksuk gSA dqUnzh cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh ls vyx

ugha gSA blesa vf/kdka'k laKk :i cqUnsyh ds gh feyrs gSa] ij dgha&dgha c?ksyh dk

izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

loZuke :i cqUnsyh dh vis{kk c?ksyh ds gh vf/kd gSa &

cqUnsyh & lcS] ok] rSa] esaA

c?ksyh & mbZ] ckg dk] oksg] muek¡] okgds] rksj] eksjA

ladsr okpd fo'ks"k.kladsr okpd fo'ks"k.kladsr okpd fo'ks"k.kladsr okpd fo'ks"k.kladsr okpd fo'ks"k.k & ok] ck] mb¡ esa izFke nksuksa 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gSa]

ftudk cqUnsyh Hkk"kh c?ksyh {ks= esa Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gS] mb¡ c?ksyh dk :i gS] 'ks"k

fo'ks"k.k :i cqUnsyh ds gh gSaA

fØ;kinksa esa dsoy vkvks] tku yxha] gqbgS] lh[k ysr gÅ¡] fudj xbZ rFkk

lqu ds 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gSa] 'ks"k lHkh :i c?ksyh ds gSaA vO;; cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa

ds iz;qDr gSaA

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

dqUnzh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk mRrjh iwohZ :i gSA bl n`f"V ls ;g cqUnsyh

ds djhc gSA blesa c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx Hkys gh cgqr gqvk gks] ijarq blds ewy

'kCn cqUnsyh ds gh gSaA c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k bldk ,d

vyx Lora= :i cu x;k gSA cgqr ls 'kCn cqUnsyh ds gh gSaA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk

FkksM+s cgqr varj ds lkFk izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh gh gSaA dqUnzh dh /ofu lewgxr

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 289

fo'ks"krk c?ksyh ds 'kCnksa dks fy;s gq, cqUnsyh dh gh gSA dqUnzh cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh

ls vyx ugha gSA blesa vf/kdka'k laKk :i cqUnsyh ds gh feyrs gSaA loZuke :i

cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh nksuksa ds feyrs gSaA fØ;kinksa esa xBu cqUnsyh dk gS vkSj okD;

jpuk Hkh cqUnsyh dh gh gSA nksuksa fØ;k vof/k ls yh xbZ gSA bl izdkj dqUnzh cqUnsyh

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds {ks= 'kCn Hk.Mkj dks le`) djrh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks tkykSu ftys dsif'peksRrj Hkkx esa cksyk tkrk gSA bls frjgkjh dk ,d :i ekuk tkrk gSA frjgkjhesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh dk feJ.k Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA frjgkjh ;equk dsrVorhZ ik¡p ftyksa ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa cksyh tkrh gSA ;s ftys gSa& tkykSu] gehjiqj]ckank] Qrsgiqj vkSj dkuiqjA fuHkV~Vk tkykSu ftys ds if'pe mRrj Hkkx esa cksyhtkrh gSA bl dkj.k bldk {ks= tkykSu ftyk ds if'peksRrj Hkkx esa gh lhfer ekukx;k gSA MkW- d`".kyky gal us bl lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS& ^tkykSu ftys ds if'peksRrjlhekorhZ Hkkx esa cqUnsyh dk tks :i izpfyr gS] og fuHkV~Vk dgykrk gSA ;g okLroesa frjgkjh dk gh ,d fHkUu :i gSA^14

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh esa LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk feJ.k cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa feyrk gSAblesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds 'kCnksa dk fofp= laxe fn[kkbZnsrk gSA fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh frjgkjh ds varxZr vkrh gS vkSj frjgkjh ,d foLr`rHkw&Hkkx esa cksyh tkrh gSA cgqr dqN fuHkV~Vk frjgkjh dk :i fy;s gq, gSA lhekvksads laca/k esa ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- d`".kyky gal us fy[kk gS& ^mRrj esa bldh lhekdUukSth Hkk"kk Hkkx ls layXu gS] ftlls bl ij dUukSth dk Hkh fdafpr izHkko fn[kkbZnsrk gSA bl izdkj bl cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds feJ.k ls cM+kfofp= cu x;k gSA^15 fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh] izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk ,d :i gksrs gq, Hkhblds 'kCn lkeF;Z] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk rFkk /ofu lewgxr fo'ks"krkvksa esa i;kZIrvarj vkSj lekurk feyrh gS] tks bl izdkj gSA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh Hkys gh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk ,d :i gS] ijarq blesa c?ksyhvkSj dUukSth cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn fey tkus ls blds 'kCn Hk.Mkj esa cgqr varj feyrkgSA fuHkV~Vk cksyh Hkys gh ,d NksVs ls {ks= esa cksyh tkrh gks] ijarq blesa cqUnsyh]

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 290

c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth cksyh ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gksus ls bldk 'kCn lkeF;Z le`) ekuktkrk gSA vius 'kCn lkeF;Z ds dkj.k gh fuHkV~Vk dks ,d cksyh :i esa Lohdkj fd;kx;k gSA fuHkV~Vk cksyh ds 'kCn lkeF;Z dks le>us ds fy, ge dgkuh ds dqN va'kdks ns[k ldrs gSa& ^,d lkSnkfxfj ds pkj yfjdk grsA lkSnkfxj dks ,d yjfd;kilan vk xbZA okus yjdu ls dfgl ds ckdksa C;ko rqelu ek¡ ls dsds lax dn~nÅ¡\NksV yjdk dfgl ckdks C;ko cM~Ms Hkb;k ls dn~nsvksA C;ko gksxkSA^ bl izdkj blva'k esa rhuksa cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gks x;k gSA blesa vk;s 'kCnksa dks gevyx&vyx cksyh ds vuqlkj ns[k ldrs gSaA cqUnsyh& ,d] lkSnkfxj ds pkj yjdkgrs] yjfd;k] ilan] okus] yjdu] ls ckdks] C;ko] lax] Hkb;k] ls gksxkS vkfnAc?ksyh& yfjdk] lkSnkfxj dk] dfgl] rqe rqelus ek¡ ls] dsds] dfgl vkfnAdUukSth& dn~nÅ¡] cM~Ms] dn~nsvks vkfnA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd fuHkV~Vk cksyhdk 'kCn lkeF;Z rhu cksfy;ksa ls feydj le`) curk gSA

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh dh O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSAvU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn vk tkus ds dkj.k blds O;kdj.k esa T;knk varj rks ugha vk;kgS] ijarq èofu lewg esa i;kZIr varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh esa /ofu ds :iesa mPpkj.kxr varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fuHkV~Vk esa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh vkSjdUukSth dk feJ.k gksus ds dkj.k blds /ofu lewg rhuksa cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa lsfeydj curs gSaA MkW- gal us fuHkV~Vk dh /ofu lewgxr fo'ks"krkvksa dh ppkZ djrsgq, fy[kk gS & fuHkV~Vk Hkh frjgkjh dh rjg cqUnsyh vkSj c?ksyh dk ,d fefJr :igh gSA nksuksa esa vUrj ;g gS fd tgk¡ frjgkjh c?ksyh&iz/kku gS] ogk¡ fuHkV~VkcqUnsyh&iz/kku gSA ;g ns[krs gq, bls cqUnsyh&iz/kku c?ksyh dk gh ,d :i dgk tkldrk gSA mRrj esa bldh lhek dUukSth Hkk"kh Hkkx ls layXu gS] ftlls bl ijdUukSth dk Hkh fdafpr izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl izdkj bl cksyh dk :i cqUnsyh]c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds feJ.k ls cM+k fofp= cu x;k gSA^16 bl izdkj fuHkV~VkcqUnsyh cksyh esa cqUnsyh] c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gksus ds dkj.k blds/ofu lewg esa varj vk x;k gS vkSj ;gh varj bls ,d Lora= cksyh dk LFkku fnykrkgSA ;gh bldh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk if'peksRrj :i gS] tks bls cqUnsyh lstksM+rk gSA rhu cksfy;ksa dk feJ.k gksrs gq, Hkh fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh ds djhc gh Bgjrh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 291

gSA ;g cqUnsy[k.M vkSj cqUnsyh cksyh dh lhekjs[kk dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA 'kCn lewgesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds 'kCnksa dk feJ.k gksrs gq, Hkh fuHkV~VkcqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax gSA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk izkekf.kdcqUnsyh dh rjg gh gSA èofu lewg c?ksyh vkSj dUukSth ds gksrs gq, cqUnsyh dsmPpkj.k ls fufeZr gksrs gSaA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd fuHkV~Vk cqUnsyh] cqUnsyhdh if'peksRrj lhekjs[kk dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA

izkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh ¼raojx<+h½ cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh ¼raojx<+h½ cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh ¼raojx<+h½ cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh ¼raojx<+h½ cqUnsyhizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh ¼raojx<+h½ cqUnsyh

Hknkojh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk og :i gS] tks e/;izns'k ds lkFk&lkFkmRrj izns'k] jktLFkku] egkjk"Vª ds dqN {ks=ksa rd QSyk gSA izeq[k :i ls Hknkojhds varxZr ^eqjSuk ¼';ksiqj rglhy NksM+dj½ fHk.M vkSj Xokfy;j ftyk mRrjh {ks=ds varxZr gSA blds vfrfjDr mRrjizns'k ds vkxjk] eSuiqjh vkSj bVkok ftyksa ds e/;izns'k ds bu mRrjh ftyksa ls yxs gq, dqN nf{k.kh Hkkx Hkh blh {ks= ds varxZr ekustkrs gSaA bl {ks= esa 'kq) cqUnsyh ls fHkUu blds rhu :i izpfyr gSa& ¼v½ cztfefJr :i] ¼c½ dUukSth fefJr :i rFkk ¼l½ [kM+h cksyh izHkkfor iz/kku :iA ;srhuksa :i Hknkojh vFkok rksejx<+h dgs tkrs gSaA^17 bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd cqUnsyhdk Hknkojh :i e/;izns'k dk mRrjh {ks= rFkk mRrj izns'k dk if'peh {ks= rFkkjktLFkku dk dqN iwohZ {ks= blds varxZr vkrk gSA

Hknkojh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dk mRrjh if'peh :i gSA bldh lhekjs[kk pkjjkT;ksa ls feydj fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA bl n`f"V ls Hknkojh le`) micksyh ekuh tkrhgSA Hknkojh ,d ,slh cksyh gS tks ewy :i ls cqUnsyh gksrs gq, Hkh vius vanj vU;cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn Hk.Mkj dks le`) fd;s gq, gSA blesa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFkjktLFkkuh vkSj LFkkuh; 'kCnksa dk cgqrk;r ls iz;ksx gksrk gSA Hknkojh ,d le`)cksyh gSA

O;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varjO;kdj.k esa varj

Hknkojh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ls lcls igys rks 'kCn lkeF;Z dh n`f"V lsvyx fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA Hknkojh cqUnsyh esa ftrus izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa dk iz;ksxfd;k tkrk gS] mrus gh jktLFkkuh ,oa vU; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;ktkrk gSA 'kCn lkeF;Z le`) dsoy cqUnsyh ds 'kCnksa ds cy ij gh ugha gS] cfYd vU;cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa ls feydj le`) gqvk gSA O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk ds varxZr blesa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 292

O;kdj.k rks izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh gh gSA ijarq blds lanHkZ esa MkW- ';kelqUnjlkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& ^eqjSuk ftys esa cqUnsyh dk raoj?kkjh :i] bVkok esa dUukSth]tkykSu esa yks/kkarh :i] nfr;k esa cqUnsyh dk iaokjh :i vkSj Xokfy;j dh Mcjk rFkkfxnZ rglhyksa esa Øe'k% iapegyh] tVokjh vkSj Hknkojh dk O;ogkj gksrk gSA blizdkj fHk.M ftys dh lhekvksa ij fuEufyf[kr cksyh :i O;og`r gksrs gSaA

mRRkj & raoj?kkjh] fldjokjh ,oa dUukSthAnf{k.k & iaokjh] iapegyh] tVokjh ,oa HknkojhAiwoZ & yks/kkUrh ,oa dUukSthAif'pe & raoj?kkjh ,oa tVokjhA^18

bl izdkj Hknkojh dk O;kdj.k dqN FkksM+s cgqr varj ds lkFk cqUnsyh dk ghgSA blesa laKk] loZuke] fyax] opu] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k vkfn 'kq) cqUnsyh ds gSaA ysfduvU; Hkk"kkvksa vFkok cksfy;ksa ds 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gks tkus ds dkj.k blds /ofulewgksa esa varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Hknkojh cksyh cqUnsyh dk mRrjh :i gksus ds dkj.kblds /ofu lewgksa esa ml {ks= ds vklikl dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ;k cksyh dk izHkko ns[kktkrk gSA Hknkojh ,d vksj czt ls lkE; j[krh gS rks nwljh vksj dUukSth ls] blfy,blesa ftu /ofu;ksa dk izpyu gS] og cqUnsyh] czt rFkk dUukSth dk fefJr :i gSAbldh ppkZ djrs gq, MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k us fy[kk gS& Hknkojh dh lehdj.kdh izo`fRr tVokjs ds dlekj] xqRrkSj] nsojk] ';keiqjk] ify;k] /kelk vkSj tukSjkxzke esa miyC/k gks tkrh gSA blh rjg Hknkoj ?kkj ds dBoka] jfo;kiqjk] /kukSyh]ijkoZu vkSj enjiqjk vkfn xk¡o esa tVokjs dh mdkj cgqyk mPpkj.k fiz;rk vkSjckYVh] ykUVsu] dUlk laKk 'kCn :i lgtrk ls miyC/k gSaA jtiwr ?kkj ds 84 xk¡oif'peh lhek ij tVokjs dh mPpkj.k fo'ks"krk,¡ fy;s gq, gSa] rks nf{k.k iwoZ esadNok;s ?kkj dh mPpkj.k fof'k"Vrk lgt gh ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA jtiwrh dkdSjkSyh] fdVh] tkjsV rFkk xqj;k;ph vkSj tVokjs dk ?kewjh] HkM+sjk] egqvjh] nsgxk¡][ksfj;k pk¡nu] ckyk {ks=] laØe.k dk {ks= gSA jtiwr ?kkj dk Hknkoj ?kkj ls vyxdjus okys xk¡o esa Hkh cksyh dh /ofu ds /kjkry ij ;gh fLFkfr gSA^19

Hknkojh esa ewy 10 Loj O;ogkj esa mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa tSls& Vd&Vdk]fcl&chl] pqd&pwd] lsj&lSj] dksy&dkSyA Lojksa dh fLFkfr vuqukfldrk la;qDrLoj] Loj la;ksx] Loj yksi] Loj foi;Z;] Loj ifjorZu] Lojkxe] O;atu ukfld]O;atu /ofu;k¡] O;atu xqPN] O;atu foi;Z;] O;atu vkxe] O;atu yksi] 'kCn fuekZ.k]lqj] lqj ygjh vkfn esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rqyuk ls i;kZIr varj feyrk gSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 293

O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡O;kdj.k esa lekurk,¡

Hknkojh cqUnsyh esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dh rjg gh cqUnsyh ds 'kCn feyrs gSaA bln`f"V ls Hknkojh cqUnsyh izkekf.kd cqUnsyh ds leku gh gSA ewy ckr ;g gS fdizkekf.kd cqUnsyh vU; cqUnsyh :iksa dk dsUnz gS] blfy, cgqr lh lekurk,¡ lHkh esa,d tSlh feyrh gSaA O;kdjf.kd n`f"V ls Hkh Hknkojh dk O;kdj.k cqUnsyh dh rjggh gSA mlesa cgqr de varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Hknkojh pw¡fd ,d ,sls {ks= dh cksyhgS] tgk¡ {ks=h; Hkk"kk,¡ ,d nwljs ls vyx fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA bl dkj.k mlds /ofuesa varj vo'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] ysfdu og /ofu cqUnsyh dk iqV fy;s gq, feyrh gSA

cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh cksyh esa Lojksa dh la[;k nl gS] tks ,d lekurk gSA Lojksadh fLFkfr Hkh nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa ,d lh gSA vuqukfldrk cqUnsyh mPpkj.k dh ,dizeq[k fo'ks"krk ekuh tkrh gS vkSj ;g cqUnsyh ds lHkh :iksa esa feyrh gSA la;qDr Loj]Loj la;ksx] Loj yksi] cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh nksuksa esa 'kq) fgUnh dh rjg gh feyrsgSaA O;atu Hkh Hknkojh vkSj izkekf.kd nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa ,d ls gSaA ukflD; O;atuèofu;k¡ cqUnsyh vkSj Hknkojh nksuksa cksfy;ksa esa yqIr gks xbZ gSaA buds LFkku ij e^ vkSj^u^ dk gh mPpkj.k gksrk gSA bl izdkj Hknkojh cqUnsyh ds mRrjh Hkkx dh ,dmi&cksyh ds :i esa ekU;rk izkIr gSA Hknkojh esa cqUnsyh] dUukSth dk fefJr :icksyk tkrk gSA blfy, blds /ofu lewgksa esa cqUnsyh ds lkFk&lkFk czt vkSj dUukSthdh /ofu;k¡ Hkh feyrh gSaA pwafd Hknkojh dk {ks= eqjSuk vkSj Xokfy;j ds vkl&ikldk gS vkSj blesa mRrjizns'k rFkk jktLFkku dh dqN lhek,¡ izos'k dj x;ha gSaAblfy, blesa ;gk¡ dh LFkkuh; vU; cksfy;ksa dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lexz :iesa tc ge Hknkojh ds /ofu lewgksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa] rc blesa tks vUrj fn[kkbZ nsrkgSA og bl izdkj gS & vkSdkjkUr dh izo`fRr loZ= ik;h tkrh gSA vUR; /ofu;k¡ vksrFkk vkS o.kZ ds e/; dh gSaA bl /ofu ds fy, i`Fkd ek=k fu/kkZfjr u gksus dh fn'kkesa vkS dh ek=k dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA dUukSth Hkk"kh lhekorhZ {ks= ds xk¡o esaikSj&ikSjh] er&efr 'kCn :i feyrs gSaA tVokjs esa ?kj&?k#] gj&g# tSls mdkjcgqyk izo`fRr ik;h tkrh gSA tVokjs esa ckYVh&ckUVh :i O;ogkj esa ik;s tkrs gSaAczt fefJr Hknkojh ds O;ogkj {ks= tVokjs esa Hkfo";dky dh fØ;k,¡ pyaxkS] [kkaxkSvkfn :i feyrs gSa vkSj dUukSth fefJr Hknkojh okys {ks= esa budk :i pfygkSa][k;gkSa vkfn feyrk gSA udkjkRed ugha 'kCn tVokjs esa ukusa] uk;usa] ?kkj esa uka]dUukSth esa ukgha rFkk dkSjo cgqy xk¡o esa uba :i ik;k tkrk gSA Hknkojh esa dbZ Hkkxksaesa gdkj foyqfIrdj.k dh izofRr Hkh ik;h tkrh gSA tSls& igykS&iSykS] egrkbZ&erkbZA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 294

bl izdkj Hknkojh Hkk"kk O;kdjf.kd n`f"Vdks.k ls cqUnsyh cksyh esa viuk vyx LFkkuj[krh gSA

bl [k.M esa geus izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dks vk/kkj ekudj vU; {ks=h; cksfy;ksadks ftuesa [kVksyk] iaokjh] yks/kkUrh] cukQjh] dqUnzh] fuHkV~Vk vkSj Hknkojh dks ysdj,d rqyukRed vè;;u djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA izkekf.kd cqUnsyh gh 'kq) cqUnsyhgSA blfy, og leLr cqUnsyh dk vk/kkj LraHk gSA bl [k.M esa izkekf.kd cqUnsyh dslkFk vU; {ks=h; cksfy;ksa ds 'kCn Hk.Mkj] O;kdjf.kd :ijs[kk vkSj /ofu lewgxrfo'ks"krkvksa dks varj vkSj lekurk dk fcUnq cuk;k gSA vr% ;g fuf'pr :i ls dgktk ldrk gS fd cqUnsyh ,d le`) vkSj foLr`r cksyh gSA

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ1- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 40-2- MkW- fxz;lZu ( fyafXofLVd losZ vkWQ bafM;k] [k.M 9] Hkkx 1 ( i`- 459-3- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i] i`- 451-4- ogh ( i`- 401-5- ogh ( i`- 401-6- MkW- x.ks'khyky th cq/kkSfy;k ( iz/;kid Mh-,-ch- bUVj dkyst jkB ls izkIr dgkuh dk va'k-7- MkW- fxz;lZu ( fyafXofLVd losZ vkWQ bf.M;k] [k.M 9] Hkkx 1 ( i`- 147-8- MkW- d`".kyky gal ( cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i ( i`- 404-9- ogh ( i`- 405-10- ogh ( i`- 407-11- ogh ( i`- 414-12- ogh ( i`- 414-13- ogh ( i`- 415-

14- ogh ( i`- 417-

15- ogh ( i`- 417-16- ogh ( i`- 417-17- ogh ( i`- 347&248-18- MkW- ';kelqUnj lkSufd;k ( Hknkojh cksyh dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u ( i`- 93-19- ogh ( i`- 122-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 295

ifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"V

cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa ds losZ{k.k ds fy;s eSaus lwpd fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k gSbl fof/k ds ,d laf{kIr lwpd dgkuh dk cqansyh ds fofHkUUk vapyksa esa iz;ksx dh tkusokyh cqUnsyh esa bldk vuqokn djkdj {ks=xr~ LFkkuh; fo'ks"krkvksa dks Kkr djus dkiz;kl fd;k gSA

yksd esa viuh ckr dks dgkfu;ksa] dgkorksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh vfHkO;Dr fd;ktkrk gSA ;g vfHkO;fDr furkUr ekSfyd vkSj LokHkkfod gksrh gS blfy;s mijksDrlwpd dgkuh ds vuqokn ds lkFk&lkFk bu lHkh lwpdksa ls muds }kjk iz;qDr dhtk jgh ,d&,d dgkuh dks Hkh vius losZ{k.k dk fo"k; cuk;k gSA fu'p; gh budgkfu;ksa ls izkIr fu"d"kZ furkUr ekSfyd ,oa lansg ls ijs gSA

eq[; lwpd & fgUnheq[; lwpd & fgUnheq[; lwpd & fgUnheq[; lwpd & fgUnheq[; lwpd & fgUnh

ekfyd eSa vi<+k vkneh gw¡] ij gk¡] tks dqN Hkh eSaus iqjkus yksxksa ls lquk gS] mlseSa dgrk gw¡A firkeg dgrs Fks fd x<+igjk x<+ ds jktk Ånu'kkg cgqr vPNs FksA;s cqUnsy[k.M gS ;gk¡ igys dksbZ jtokM+k ugha FkkA jktk Ånu'kkg cM+s /kekZRek Fks]ijes'oj dks igpkurs FksA vc rks jktkvksa us /keZ dks /kksdj ih fy;k gSA jktkÅnu'kkg ds jkT; esa dksbZ nq%[kh u Fkk] iztk dh cgw&csVh dks jktk ek¡&csVh dh rjgekurs FksA >wB cksyus okys dh os thHk f[kpok ysrs FksA o`)] ckyd] Å¡p uhp lHkhls os izse ls feyrs Fks] muds iq.; izrki ls iztk lq[kh FkhA ,d ckj os vius fdysdh nhokj ij [kM+s Fks] pkjksa rjQ ns[k jgs Fks fd brus esa eksrh rky esa Luku dj jgh,d L=h ij la;ksx ls jktk dh utj iM+ x;h utj ds iM+rs gh mudks og vPNhlh yxhA cksys& jktk jke bu vk¡[kksa dks D;k ,slk ns[kuk pkfg,\ nks lqb;k¡ ykvksvkSj dgk tkrk gS fd mUgksaus viuh nksuksa vk¡[k lqb;ksa ls QksM+ yh FkhA lp vkSj >wBrks ns[kus okys tkurs gSa ij lquh ckr dgrk gw¡ fd b/kj mUgksaus tSls gh lqb;k¡eaxkdj viuh vk¡[ksa QksM+h] Hkxoku us [kq'k gksdj mu ij lksus dh o"kkZ dhA ,slseuq";ksa dks /kU; gS] tks brus pfj=oku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlh dh rSlh gks x;haA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 296

mUgkasus fQj iq.; /keZ fd;k vkSj iztk dks cgqr lq[kh cuk;kA fof/k dh xfr dks dqNugha dg ldrsA jktk ds bu xq.kksa dh iz'kalk fnYyh ds ckn'kkg rd igq¡ph fdÅnu'kkg ds ;gk¡ lksus dh o"kkZ gqbZA ckn'kkg viuh QkSt lfgr Ånu'kkg ds ;gk¡igq¡pk] ijUrq Ånu'kkg ds lSfudksa us fdys ds Hkhrj gh yM+us dh rS;kjh iwjh dj yhAtxg&txg ij xqtZ ij rksisa yxk nhaA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBk fn;s] fQj ,slh yM+kbZgqbZ fd ftl eSnku ij 'k=q dh QkStsa Fkha] xksyk ,sls fxj jgs Fks fd flikfg;ksa ds yRrkmM+ tkrs FksA

cM+s yksx dgrs gSa fd Ånu'kkg thr x;s] ij ?kj ds Hksnh us mUgsa gjok fn;kgksrkA Ånu'kkg dks tSls gh ;g jgL; irk pyk] og cgqr gh Øq) gqvk] ml Hksnhdks canh cuk;kA ml Hksnh ea=h ls tc ckj&ckj iwNk tk jgk Fkk fd nq'eu dgk¡gksxk\ og dgrk Fkk fd og fdys ij p<+ jgk gksxk] dHkh dgrk fdys ij p<+sxkvkSj dHkh dgrk fd fdys ij p<+ pqdk gksxkA Hksnh dh ,slh ckrsa lqudj jktk [kwcg¡lk] D;ksafd mlus vius nhoku dks Hkstdj ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk yh Fkh vkSjnksuksa rjQ ls ?ksjdj ckn'kkg dks canh cuk fy;k FkkA dgrs gSa fd ftl ij bZ'ojdh d`ik gksrh gS] mldk dksbZ dqN ugha fcxkM+ ldrkA

nf{k.kh {ks= ¼lwpd Øekad& 1½nf{k.kh {ks= ¼lwpd Øekad& 1½nf{k.kh {ks= ¼lwpd Øekad& 1½nf{k.kh {ks= ¼lwpd Øekad& 1½nf{k.kh {ks= ¼lwpd Øekad& 1½

ekyd eSa fcuk i<+ks vkneh dk cksy ldrA iqjkus vkneh tks dgr rs oks dgjgks gw¡A gekj cki nkns dgrrs fd x<+igjk x<+ ds jktk ds Ånu'kkg cgqr vPNsgrsA bgs cqUnsy[k.M dgr gSa ;gk¡ igys dksb jtokM+k oxSjk uba grksA jktkÅnu'kkg cgqr iq.k;kRek grs] Hkxoku ls igpkurs grsA vc rks jktk egkjktkvksa us/kje [kksa no gSA jktk Ånu'kkg ds jkt esa dksb nq%[kh ugha jgr rks] iztk dh cgwfcfV;u [kas jktk viuu dh rjgs ekurrs] tks >wB cksyks rks Ådh thHk [ksa f[kpokysrrs] cqM~<k] toku] yjdksa lcu ls gsyesy ls fey fgrs] muds iqUu vkfljokn lsaiztk lq[kh jgrrhA ,d c[kr os vius fdys dh nhoky is BkM+srs ?ksj Qsj ns[krrs fdbruba esa eksrhrky esa [kksjjbZ ,d vkSjr iS /kksdk lsa jktk dh fu?kk iM+ xbA fu?kkiM+rb ls jktk [kksa >Vdk lks yxksA jktk cksys jke&jke bu vk¡[ku [ks ,slks ubZns[kus rks] ,slks dgks tkr gS fd jktk us nks lqb;u ls viuh nksb vk¡[ksa Nsnha oSlsbHkxoku us [kq'k gksds lquuks cjlkuksa 'kq# dj nvks] ,sls vknfeu [ksa /kUu Hkkx gS tksbrus Hkkxoku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[kas cSlb dh cSlsb gks xbZaA muus fQj [kwc /kje djedjs vkSj iztk dks [kwc lq[k n;sA fo/kkrk dh ys[kuh&gksugkjh [ksa dNw uba dg ldr

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 297

jktk ds bu vPNs dkeu dh [kcj fnYyh rd iksaph fd Ånu'kkg jktk ds brs lqUukscjlksA fnYyh dks ckn'kkg viuh QkSt QkaVk lfgr Åmu ds brs ikSapksA ijÅnu'kkg ds QkstQkVk us fdys ds vanjb yM+u dh rS;kjh dj ybA t?ks&t?ksBk¡o&Bk¡o ¼xqtZu isa½ rksi yxk nbZa vkSj cM+s&cM+s xksyk pyku okjs [ksa fcBk fn;sA fQj,slh yM+kb HkbZ fd xksyksa ls QkSt /kqj/kku mM+ xbA

fl;ku dgr fgrs fd Ånu'kkg thr x;s] ?kj dks Hksn;ku gjok nsrks] tSlbÅnu'kkg dks irk pyks oks cM+ks xqLlk Hkvks] muus Hksnh [kksa dSn dj yvksA Å Hksfn;kls ckj&ckj iwNrrs fd nq'eu fdrs fdrs gSa oks dgrk fdys is p<+ jgks gksgs] dcÅ¡dgrrks fdys is p<+ gs vkSj dcgw¡ dgr rks fd oks fdys is p<+ pqdks gksgsA Hksfn;kdh >wBh ewVh ckrsa lquds jktk [kwcb g¡lksaA dkgs fd Åus ea=h [ksa Hkst dsa QkSt cqykyb vkj ckn'kk [kksa dSn dj yvksA dgr gSa tsis Hkxoku [kq'k gsa Å dks dksÅ dNwuba foxk<+ ldrA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d fe;k¡ ,d chch Fks] oks dk dke djr rs ,d eky xqtkj ?kj goynkjhdjr Fks brrs ds ckn dk Hko] chch us dgh fd mudh ,d Nksdjh HkbZA rks ok chchdk dgr gS fd esa ej tkÅ¡ rks esjh cPph [kksa cgqr rdyhQ gksgs fQj brrs ds cknesa chch fgrh rks ej xbZ rks cPph] fe;k¡ nksbZ grs oks cPph [kksa [kku fi;u [kksa /kjnsosa vkSj goynkjh dju tk;s iqjk cLrh esa ,d eqlyekuuh jkrrh rks ok cPph lsadgrrh fd csVk rw vius cCck lsa dfg;ks fd nwljh chch ys vk;s rks cCck dgr fdcsVk rw tc rd lhadk iS dha jksVh fudkj dsa ubZ [kkcs] rc rd rsjs ykuas nwljh vEekubZa ykÅ¡A Qsj tc oks dke is pyks x;ks rks ok eqlyekuuh vkbZ Åus iwaNh rks Å¡yjdh us dgh fd cCck dgr rks fd tc rd gkFk ls lhadsa iS dh jksVh ubZ fudkjuyxaw] rc rd nwljh vEek ubaZ ykÅ¡ brrs esa eqlyekuuh us dgh fd csVk Mfy;kvksaèkk ys vkSj lhds dh jksVh [kk ys rks Å¡ Nksdjh us ck Mfy;k vks/kk ds lhds dhjksVh [kk ybZ tc vksdks cki vkc rks ck dku yxh gek; ykus nwljh vEek ys vkvksAvc os nwljh chch ys vk;sA dqN fnu ckn ck chch ds ,d Nksdjh iSnk HkbZA brrsds ckn ck Nksdjh gqfl;kj Hkb tc gqfl;kj Hkb ck Nksdjh rks Åds ?kj ,d lqjbxS;k grh rks ekSlh nkbZ dgr fd rw lqjb xS;k [ks pjku tk vc brus ds ckn esa cktkos pjku [ksa tkos rks ok ekSlh nkb >wBs dkVs Vwadk ck¡/k nsos vkSj pjku Hkst nsos tcok xb;k [kksa pjku tkos rks jeuk esa lw[ks dkVs VqdM+k NksM+ ds [kk; rks ck xb;u

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 298

us ns[kh fd tk eks [kksa pjku vkr gS vkSj jksr dk; gS fQj brrs ds ckn esa xb;kcksyr gS ck Nksdjh ls fd csVk rw jksÅr dk;s gS \ ck dgr gS fd esjh ekslh nkbfd ,d Nksjh vkSj gS vksds twBs dkVs VqdM+k esgs j[k nsr gS esjs iS [kacr ub;ka ,slsjksÅr gw¡ fQj brus ds ckn ck xS;k dgr gS csVk rw ts #[ks VqdM+k eks[kks [kck nsvkSj eksjks nw/k rw ihys rks jkst nw/k ihrs ihrs tk Nksdjh eLr gks xbZA brus ds cknesa ekSlh erkbZ dgr gSa fd ckgj dh vko gok lw[ks VqdM+k fdrrs Qk;ns ean gS fdtk Nksdjh eqVk xbZ vkSj esjh tk >ksdjh vPNks [kkds Hkh nwcjh gS fQj brrs esa ekSlhnkb dgr gS fd vks ckbZ vc rw er tk;s vc NksVh ckbZ tkgsA oks vc NksVh ckblw[ks VqdM+k ckn dsa xb;k pjku vkSj cM+h ckbZ dks eky [koku yxh rks ekSlh nkbus dgh fd Nksdjh rks fQj eLr gks jbZ gS vkSj eksjh Nksdjh dh dÅuk lh ukdyfudy jb gSA rks ok fQj cksyh fd ubZa ckbZ rw gh tk pjku rks ekS[kh nkbZ dgr gSfd viuh fcfV;k lsa fd csVk rw yqdh&yqdh tb;ks vkSj nsf[k;ks dh tk dk djr gSrks ok xbZ rks Åus ns[kh fd Åus lw[ks VqdM+k xb;k dks f[kyk das nw/k ihyo rks rqjrb?kj ykSVh vkSj vkrsbZ eka lsa cksyh eka eka viu tksu jksVh [kkr gS ok xb;k dks nsdsFku ls [kwc nw/k fi;r gS rks dgr gS fd jk¡M nw/k ihdsa eqVk jbZ gS ,d dke djsa fdxb;bZ usa jsgs rks nw/k dgka ls ih;sA rks ckus pqan;krh j[k ybZ vkSj VwVh lh Vifj;kesa lks xbZA bRrs esa fe;k¡ vk;s M~;wVh ls rks chch cqyk; jbZ rh rks fe;k¡ dgr gSa fdchch dk ckr dgw¡ ,d tyhy vkvks fgrks rks vksus dg no fd rqekjs brs tks lqjbxS;k gs mldk xks'k dkV das [kk;s rcbZ rsjks isV Bhd gksos fQj bRrs ds ckn fe;k¡dgr gSa fd dkSu cM+h ckr dky xS;k nsgs rks rw dky yok yb;ks xks'k rks ok chchvPNh gks xb rks xS;k ck¡/k nb Nksdjh us Å¡ Nksdjh dks tk ckr irk pyh rks ÅNksdjh us Hkqulkjs xS;k NksM+ ds pjku pyh xb rks ok xb;k dgr gS fd csVk dkckr gS csVk rw cM+s Hkqulkjs ys vkbZ pjku [ksa rks ck cksyh fd ekSlh nkbZ rsjks xks'k [kkupkgr gS ,slsa ys vkbZ Hkqulkjs lsaA dky ekjgs rks dSlks d#a eas] rks ok cksyh fd csVkrsjs ikl pkj iS;k gS rks dqekj ds?kj ls ,d eM+dh ys vb;ks vkSj xqipki dVu dsckn esjs gM+xk ¼gM~Mh½ eM+dh esa j[k nbZ;ks vkSj tgka esjks xkscj Myr gS ogha xkM+nb;ks vksus oSlsbZ djks dqN fnu ds ckn ,d uxj Hkkst Hkvks oks brus ds ckn lc [kkux;s vkSj ok Nksjh dks ?kj rkdu dks fcBky x;s rks ck vk¡[ksa ewans #ykbZ lh vkbZ rksvksus dgh fd esjh xS;k us dgh fd esjh xS;k eka us dgh Fkh fd gM~Mh dh eM+dhxqckj esa xkM+ nbZ;ks mlus eVdh m[kkjh rks ok esa bUnzklu dks ?kksM+k fudyks nwljsgkFk Mkjks rks xguks xq#vk iwjks Jaxkj fudjks igjs igjs Åus fonk ds igj vksM+ dastc lkenh HkbZ vkSj ?kksM+s ds rji T;ksafd ns[kh ?kksM+k us yQkjk ns rks ok pV ok is

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 299

cSB xbZ tSls gh cSBh oSlsgh uxj Hkkst ds rjQ lUuk xoA g~vka rks reke vknehtqM+ks rks lcus dgh fd dksbZ ckbZ vk jgb gS rks jktk dks [kcj nbZ rks Å[kksa vRijmBkdsa yS xbZ tc Hkhrj xbZ rks ok cksyh fd ckbZ cfguh tYnh f[kok nks vkSj ?kksM+kesa fcBk nks tSls gh ckbZ cfgus fcBkyu ds ykbZ rks lquu dh ,d pIiy gqbZa fxj xbZrks ok pIiy Ådh erkbZ usa mBkbZ vkSj viuh eksM+h [ksa ispku yoA iS ok eksM+h erkbZdh ckr u lqudsa ?kqjok is cSBdsa gok gks xbZA dqN fnuk ckn ok eksM+h lksus dh ikydhesa cSBdsa vkbA Å[kksa ns[krbZ lsa Ådh lkSrsyh ek¡ us xjs ls yxk yo vkSj vius djsiS cgqr iNrkbZA fQj ok eksM+h vius lax esa viuh lkSrsyh eka] csu] Hkkba;ksa vkSj firkdksa Hkh ys xbZ vkSj bZ rjg lsa Åus cnh dks cnyks usdh ls pqdkvksA

lwpd Øekad & 1ia- nso'kadj 'kqDyk] diqj/kk] ftyk& fNUnokM+k] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 2lwpd Øekad & 2lwpd Øekad & 2lwpd Øekad & 2lwpd Øekad & 2

ekfyd eSa vi<+ vkneh dk dj ldr gksaA ij tks dNw eSaus cw<+s vknfe;ksa ls

lquha gS ck rqels dsr gksaA nkn tw dsr rs dS x<+igjk dks jktk Ånu'kkg HkkSr vPNks

grksA tks cansy[k.M gS tgk¡ iSysa dÅ¡ dks jktokM+k ubZa grksA jktk Ånu'kkg cM+ks

/kekZRek grksA oks ijes'oj dksa iSpkur rksA vc rks jktu~ us /kje dksa /kksds ih yoA

jktk Ånu'kkg ds jkt esa dksb nq[kh ubZa grks ijtk dh cgq csVh dksa jktk viuh ek¡

csVh dh rjg ekur rksA >wB cksyos okjs dh os thHk fudjok ysr rsA cw<+s&ckyd]

Å¡p&uhp lcu lsa izse ls feyr rksA ckds iqUu ijrki ls ijtk lq[kh grhA ,d csj

oks vius fdys dh nhokj iS [kM+ks FkksA pkjbZ rjQ ns[kks Fkks dS bRrs esa eksrhrky esa

lijbZ cS;~;j iS la;ksx ls jktk dh fuxk iM+ xbZA rks ckds xksyh lh yx xbZA oks

cksyks jke jke bu vk¡[ku ls dk ,slks ns[kusa pkfg,A nks lwtsa eaxk dsa viuh nksb vka[ksa

Qksj ybZA lp vkSj >wB rks nS[kos okjs tkur gSaA ij lquh lquh ckr dsr gksa dS brs

muus tSlbZa vka[ksa Qksajh Hkxoku us [kq'k gksdsa muiS lksus dh cjlk dj nbZA ,sls

vknehu [kksa /kUu gSa tks bRrs /kje djdsa ijtk dksa cgqr lq[kh cukbZA Hkxoku dh

xfr dksa dksbZ ubZa ds ldrA jktk ds bu xquu dh izlalk fnYyh ds ckn'kkg rd

ikSaphA dS Ånu'kkg ds tgka lksus dh cjlkr HkbZ gSA ckn'kk; viuh Qkst lsr

Ånu'kkg ds tgk¡ ikspksa ijUrq Ånu'kkg ds flikb;u usa fdys HkhjrbZa yM+osa dh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 300

rS;~;kjh iwjh dj ybZA txka txka iS xqtZ iS rksais yxk nbZa cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBkj

n;sA fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkb dS tk eSnku iS nq'eu dh QkstSa grha] xksyk ,sls fxj j;srs

dS flikb;au ds yRrk mM+ tkrrsA

cM+s vkneh dsrrs dS Ånu'kk; thr xo] iS ?kj ds Hksnh us mus gjok no gksrksA

Ånu'kkg dksa tSlbZ bl ckr dks irks pyks oks HkkSr xqLlk HkoA okus Hksnh dks cUnh

cukoA ck Hksnh ea=h ls tc csj&csj iwNh tk jbZrh dS nq'eu fdrs gks;xks] oks dsr

rks dS fdys iS p<+ jgk gks;xksA dcš dsr rks dS fdys iS p<+sxks vkSj dcš dsrrks

dS fdys iS p<+ xo gks;xksA Hksnh dh ,slh ckrs lqudsa jktk [kwc galksA dk;dksa ds

ckus viuh nhoku dksa Hksat dsa ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk ybZ grh vkSj nksÅ rjQ

ls ?ksjdsa ckn'kk; dksa cUnh cuk yo grksA dsr gSa fd tkiS bZ'oj d`ik gksr gS ckdks

dksb dNq ubZa foxkM+ ldsA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d Mqdfj;k grh] ckdks ,d eksM+k grks] ckdks eksM+k lkS Å¡V pjkr rks] Mqdfj;kjksVh nsos tkr rh] lks oks Å¡ eSa u tk;] lks Mqdfj;k cksyh rw Å¡Vu esa u tk;xks rksukgj ls [kok nÅ¡xhA lks cks Mj ds ekjsa Å¡Vu esa tk;A ,d fnuk nkS iSyoku grsAlks nksuksa vkil esa dS j;s ds viu yM+SaA iS viuh yM+kbZ dkSu ns[ksxksA Mqdfj;k jksVhysds dM+hA iSyoku ok lsa cksys dh Mqdfj;k rw Bsj gejh yM+kbZ ns[kA Mqdfj;k cksyhcsVk eks; Vse ubaZ;ka] rks ,d dke djks ds ,d tk gkFk iS vk tko vkSj ,d tk gkFkiSA nksbZ tus yM+rs pfy;ksa eSa ns[kr pyksaxhA ok Mqdfj;k ds yM+dk us ns[ks dS vktrks Mqdfj;k ykgj Y;kbZ [kckusa dksaA vc eksM+k us lksph Å¡Vu ;s bdV~Bs dj y;s vkSjiapk esa lkSbZ;su ck¡/k y;s vkSj ewM+ iS ySdsa Hkx xoA Åij ,d phy eaMjk jb rhAphy Åij Åij Å¡V ys xb] eksM+k jhrks js xo jktk dh eksM+h egu iS lks jbZrh] phyus Å¡V NksM+s rks os jktk dh eksM+h dh vk¡[k esa fxjs rks ,d xekju usa ckdh vk¡[k dhfdjfdVh ds lkSb Å¡V fudkjs] vkaxu Hkj x;] jkuh dh vk¡[k ls valqvk fxjs rks oslkSbZ Å¡V cg x;A

lwpd Øekad & 2ljnkj flag] ixkjk] ftyk & xquk] e-iz-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 301

lwpd Øekad & 3lwpd Øekad & 3lwpd Øekad & 3lwpd Øekad & 3lwpd Øekad & 3

ekfyd eSa vi<+ vkneh dk dg dls gw¡A ij gk¡ tks dNw eSaus iqjkus yksxksa ls

lquha gS ck dg ldw¡ gw¡A gekjs vkts dgr Fks fd x<+igjk ds jktk Ånu'kkg cgqr

vPNs vkneh FksA ;s cqansy[k.M gS ;gk¡ igys dksbZ jtokM+k ugha FkkA jktk Ånu'kkg

cM+ks /kekZRek FksA ijes'oj gs iSgpkurs FksA vc rks jktkvksa us /keZ gS /kksds ih yo gSA

jktk Ånu'kkg ds jkt esa dksb nq[kh uk FkkA iztk dh cÅ cSVh dks jktk ek¡ csVh

dh rjg ekur FksA >wB cksyos okjs dh os thHkh f[kpok ysr FksA cw<+s] cPpk] Å¡p uhp

lHkh ls os izse ls feyrs FksA muds iq.; izrki ls iztk lq[kh FkhA ,d ckj os vius

fdys dh nhoky is [kM+s FksA pkjksa rjQ ns[k j;s FksA brus esa eksrhrky esa lijr L=h

ij la;ksx ls jktk dh fu?kk iM+ xbA fu?kk ds iM+rs gh mUgs xksyh lh yxhA cksyks

jke jke bu vk¡[kksa gs dk fn[kuksa pkfg,A nks lwth cqyok ds muus viuh nksb vk¡[k

QksM+ ybZA lp vkSj >wB rks ns[kosbZ okjs dg ldr gSaA nksbZ vk¡[ksa QksM+rs gh Hkxoku

us lksus dh cj"kk djhA ,sls euq"; /kUu gSa tks ,sls pfj=oku gSA jktk dh vk¡[k tSlh

dh rSlh gks xbZA muus fQj iqUu /kje fd;k iztk dk cgqr lq[kh cukoA fof/k dh

xfr gsrq dNq uba dg ld gSa jktk ds bu xq.kksa dh izlalk fnYyh ds ckn'kk; rd

igqaph fd Ånu'kkg ds >k¡ lksus dh cjlkr HkbZA ckn'kkg viuh QkSt lfgr

Ånu'kkg ds >k¡ igqapk ijUrq Ånu'kk; ds lSfudksa us fdys ds Hkhrj yM+us dh iwjh

rS;kjh dj ybZ txs yxs xqtZ iS rksi yxk nbZA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBkj n;s fQj

,slh yM+kbZ HkbZ ftl eSnku ij nq'eu dh QkSt Fkh xksyk ,sls fxj j;s rs fd flikb;ksa

dh ftanh mM+ tkr FkhA

cM+s ykxs dgr rs fd Ånu'kk; thr x; ij ?kj ds Hksnh us mUgsa gjok fn;k

gksrkA Ånu'kk; gs tSls tk ckr dks irks pyks cgqr xqLlk HkoA okus Hksnh gs cUnh

cuk yoA ck Hksnh ea=h ls ckj ckjs iwaNh tk jgh Fkh ds nq'eu dgk¡ gS ckus db fd

nq'eu fdys ij p<+ jo gksgs] dHkh dgr Fkks ds fdys ij p<+sxks vksj dHkh dr Fkks

ds fdys ij p<+ xo gks gsA Hksnh dh ,slh ckr lqudsa jktk [kwc galks dk;ls ds ckus

vius nhoku gS Hkst dS ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk yb grh nksb rjQ ls ?ksj ds

ckn'kk; gS cUnh cuk yoA dSgsa this b'oj dh d`ik gkscs gSa ckdks dksb dNw ub

fcxkM+ ldsA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 302

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d fdlku FkksA ckds pkj ekSM+k FksA fdlku cM+ks esgurh Fks oks viuks le;

csdkj ugha tku nsr FkksA pkjks eksM+k vyx&vyx fopkj ds grsA fdlku cgqrfQdj djr Fkks ds esjs ckn eSaus tks cM+h esgur djh gS ck csdkj tk gS blfy, ckus,d fopkj djksA vkSj pkjb eksM+k gS ,d ,d lsj /kku ns nbA vkSj viuks dke djrksjgksA pkj eghuk ckn ckus cM+s eksM+k gs cqyko vkSj iwaNh csVk ok /kku dks dk djks ckusdb eSaus rks ckgs Qsad nb] nwljs eksM+k gs cqyko vkSj iwaNh ckus dgh eSaus pkoy cukds[kk yo] rhljs dh ckjh vkb ckus dgha eSaus esjs iM+kslh gs ckscs ns nbA v[kjh esa pkSFksekSM+k dh ckjh vkb ckus dgh firkth rqe esgur djrs eSaus Hkh ns[k ns[k ds [ksr gs[kksnks vkSj cb esa /kku cks nbA fdlku cM+ks [kqlh Hkvks vkSj rhuksa eksM+k gS lax ySds[ksr esa xo vkSj vPNh Qly fn[kkb rhuksa eksM+k gSa 'kje yxh vkj muus db dsnn~nk ge Hkh ,salb esgusr djds rqEgsa fn[kk gSaA fdlku cksyk eksM+k gks le; vkSjesgur csdkj ugha tk;A tk rqe [kqn vka[k ls ns[k j; gks ifjJe ls y{eh vkosA

lwpd Øekad & 3Jh ukjk;.k ikyhokj] iqvk¡[ksM+k QkeZ] gks'kaxkckn] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 4lwpd Øekad & 4lwpd Øekad & 4lwpd Øekad & 4lwpd Øekad & 4

ekfyd eSa vi<+ vkneh dk dg ldw¡A ij gk¡ tks dNq iqjkus yksxksa ls lquks gSck; eSa crk jc gw¡A nn~nk dsr fd x<+igjk ds jktk Ånu'kkg cgqr vPNs vPNs grsAtks caqnsy[k.M gS >k¡ is dksb jtokM+k uba grksA jktk Ånu'kkg ds jkt esa dksb nq[khuba grksA iztk dh cÅ fcfV;u [kksa jktk viuh ek¡ fcfV;k tSlh ekur FkksA >wBhcksyos okjs dh os thHk f[kapok ysr rsA cw<+s] cPpk] Å¡p uhp lHkh lsa izse lsa feyr grsAmuds iqUu izrki lsa iztk lq[kh grhA ,d c[kr os vius fdys dh HkhB iS BkM+s grsAvkSj lc dqnÅ ns[kr rsA brrs esa eksrhrky esa lij jb ,d yqxkb iS la;ksx lsa jktkdh fuxk iM+ xbA fuxk ds iM+rb lsa mu[kksa xksyh lh yxhA cksys jke jke dk tsvk¡[ku ;s ,slks ns[kusa pkfg, \ nks lwth eaxkds nks vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA >wBh lPph rksHkxoku tkus lquh lquh dSj;A vk¡[ku ds QwVrsba Hkxoku us [kq'k gksds muisa lksus dhcjlk dj nbA ,sls vkneh /kUu tks brus vPNs gSaA ok jktk dh vk¡[kas tSls grha Åalhgks xbZaA muus fQj fcykr iqUu /kje djks vkSj iztk [kksa cgqr lq[kh cukoA fofèk dhxfr dks dNq uba ds ldrA jktk ds bu xquu dh izlalk fnYyh ds ckn'kk; rd

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 303

iksaphA dS Ånu'kkg ds brs lksus dh cjlk HkbA ckn'kkg viuh QkSt lesr Ånu'kk;ds brs iksapks ijUrq Ånu'kk; ds flib;u us fdys Hkhrjba yM+os dh iwjh rS;kjh djyb grhA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBkj n; grs fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkb dh tkau eSnku iSnq'eu dh QkSt grha Åis xksyk ,sls fxj j;s grs fd flikb;au ds yRrk mM+ tkr rsA

cM+s yksxs dsoks gS fd Ånu'kk; thr x; ij ?kj ds Hksnh u mUgsa gjok nogksrsA jktk ;s tSlb tks irks pyks rks os cgqr xqLlk HkoA muus Hksnh [kksa cUnh cukyoA tc Hksnh ea=h ls ckj ckj iwaNks tk jo Fkks fd nq'eu dka gqb;s] oks dsr grks fdysis p<+ jo gqb;s] dcÅ¡ dsrrks dS fdys ij p<+sxks] vkSj dcÅ¡ dsrrks fdys is p<+ xogqb;sA Hksnh dh ,slh ckr lqudsa jktk [kwc g¡lsA dk;ls ds muus vius nhoku [kksaiksapk dSa ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyck yb grhA nksÅ rjQ ls ?ksj ds ckn'kk; [kkSacUnh cuk yo rkSA dsr gS fd tsis b'oj dh d`ik gksr gS ckdks dksb dNw uk fcxkM+ldsA

lwpd Øekad & 5lwpd Øekad & 5lwpd Øekad & 5lwpd Øekad & 5lwpd Øekad & 5

ekyd esa vui<+ vkneh gksa] dk dj ldr gksa] tks dNw eSaus iqj[ku lsa lqukgS ck;s eSa dr gksaA iqjkus tus dsr rs dh x<+igjk x<+ ds jktk Ånu'kk; cM+s vPNsgrsA tks cqUnsy[k.M gS fgauk igysa dksuÅ¡ jktk ub grksA jktk Ånu'kk; cM+s /kjedrkZ grs os ijes'oj [kksa igpkur rsA vktdy rks jktu us /kje [kksa /kksds ih yogSA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[kh u grsA jktk iztk dh cgq fcfV;k [kksajktk erkb fcfV;k ekur rsA >wV cksyS;u dh os tho f[kapok ysr rsA cw<+s eksM+k] Å¡ps]uhpu lcb lsa os izse ls feyr rsA muds iqUu izrkiu lsa iztk lq[k Hkksxr rhA ,dle; os fdys dh Hkhr iS BkM+s rsA lc rusa fprs j; rsa brs db esa eksrh ryk esa ukjb,d tuha iS la;ksx lsa jktk dh utj ijhA utj ijru gh mudsa xksyh lh yx xbAcksys jke jke bu vk¡[ku dksa dk ,slksa ns[kuks pb;sA nks lwtsa fy;ko vkSj ,fl dsrgSa dS muus vkiba nksb vk¡[ksa lwtu ls Qksj Mkjha grhaA >wBh lk¡ph rks ns[kcs okjs tkusaeSa rks lquh lquk;h ckr dsr gksa dS brs muus lwtksa e¡xk;ds viba vk¡[ksa Qksj] Hkxokuus [kq'kh gksds fcu iS lksuksa cj"kkoA ,sls euq";u [kksa /kUu gSa tks bRrs Å¡ps pky pyuds grsA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSalh dh rSalh gks xbaA muus fQj iqUu /kje djks vkSj iztk[kksa cM+ksa lq[kh cukoA fo/kkrk dh xr dNw dgha uba tkrA jktk ds bu xquu dhizla'kk fnYyh ds ckn'kk ykS iksaph os Ånu'kk; ds fguka lksauksa cj"kksA cn'kk vib QkStlqUnk Ånu'kk; ds fguka iksapksA Ånu'kk; ds flikba;u us fdys ds Hkhrjs cM+s

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 304

xksyankt fcBkj n; fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkb gS tksau eSnku esa csjh dh QkStsa grhaA xksyk,slsa fxj j; rs dS flikba;u ds yRrk mM+ tkr rsA

cM+s yksx dÅr gSa ds Ånu'kk; thr xo ij ?kjb ds Hksn;k uSa ok;s gjok nogksrksA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlba tk Hksn dks irks pyks oks xqLlk HkoA okus Hksfn;k dksaidjok yoA ck Hksfn;k ea=h ls tc csj&csj tk jb grh ds nq'eu dk¡ gqb;s oks drrks dS oks fdys iS p<+ jo gqb;s] dcÅ¡ dsr rks fdyS is p<+sxks vkSj dcÅ¡ dr rks dSfdyS is p<+ pqdks gqb;sA Hksfn;k dh ,slh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwc g¡lksA ck¡us vi;anhoku dksa Hkstdsa iM+ksl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk ybrh vkSj nksÅ rjQ lsa ?ksj dsackn'kk dksa idjok yo grksA dsr gSa dS tksau iS blqj dh fdjik gksr gS ckdks dksbdNw uba fcxkM+ ldrA

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Hkb;k vFkkb iS cSB tk vks eSa rqe lc[kksa ,d fdlk lqukÅr gksaA cSBdsa lquksaA,d f'kdkjh rhj deku ySdsa Mk¡x esa xoA lc fnuk fQjr jo ckus fpjS;aub ekjosdh lksp ybA oks f'kdkjh #[k ds uspsa rhj deku rkau dsa BkMks gks xvksA fpjSa;k ok;sns[kru mM+cs dksab Hkb dS Åij fpjSa;u [kksa ,d ckt mM+r fn[kkuksaA fpjSa;u lksphmM+r gSa rks ckt [kkÅr gS vkSj cSBs js;sa rks tks f'kdkjh ekjsa Mkjr gSA os euba euHkxoku [kksa lqeju yxhaA brsd esa ,d ckeh esa lsa lkai fudos Åusa f'kdkjh [kksa Mlysuk] HkM+HkM+k dsa chu frjNks gksdsa ckt dsa ykdsa yxksA brs f'kdjh ej xo mrs cktej xvks Hkxoku dh yhyk ls os nksÅ fpjS;ka cp xbaA tb ls tks ckr db gs &ekju gkj ls cM+ks gs tx esa ikyugkj

lwpu Øekad & 5?ku';ke nkl ;ksxh] djSjk] tksxhiqjk] djSjk] ftyk & f'koiqjh] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 6lwpd Øekad & 6lwpd Øekad & 6lwpd Øekad & 6lwpd Øekad & 6

ekfyd eSa fcuk i<+ks fy[kks vkneha dk dj ldrA vdsys gk¡ tks dNw eSaus iqjkusyksx¡u lsa lquks gSa lks Å, eSa dgr gksaA cCCkk dgr rs fd x<+igjk x<+ ds jktkÅnu'kk; [kwc vPNs grsA tks cqUnsy[k.M vk; brS igyk¡ dksuÅ¡ jtokM+ks u grksAjktk Ånu'kk; cM+s èkekZRek grs] ijes'oj [kk¡ igpkur grsA vc rks jktu us /kje[ksa /kksdsa ih yo gSA jkt Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dkSuÅ¡ nqf[k;k u grksA ijtk dh cgq

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 305

fcfV;u [kk¡ jktk erkb fcfV;k¡ lks ekur rsA >wBh cksyu ckyu dh thc f[kapok ysrrsA cw<+s] okjs] Å¡p uhp lcb lsa izse ls feyr rs muds iqUu izrki esa ijtk lq[kh grhA,d csj cs vius fdys dh fHkfr;k iS BkMs grsA pk¡jÅ rjQ ns[kr rs fd bRrs esaeksrhrky esa lijr ,d yqxkb ds mij jktk dh utj ij xbA utj ds ijru musaxksyh lh yxhA cksys jke&jke b vk¡[ku [kk¡ ,slks u ns[kks pkfg,A nks lqth Y;kovkSj dgr gSa fd muusa viuh nksb vk¡[ksa lqba;u ls Qksj yba rksA lPpks vkSj >wBks rksns[kcsb ckjs tkur gSa ge rks lqukb ckr dgr gSa fd tSlb muus lwth e¡xk dsa vk¡[ksaQksjha Hkxoku usa [kq'kh gksdsa muds Åij lksusa dh cjlk dj nb ,sls vkneha /kUu gSatksau brrs pfj=oku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlh grha cSlb gks xbaA muusa fQj dsa iqUu/kje djks vkSj viuh ijtk [kk¡ [kwc lq[kh cukoA fo/kkrk dh erh [kk¡ dksÅ dNw ubads ldrA jkt ds b xquu dh izlalk fnYyh ds cknlk ykS igqaph dS Ånu'kk; dsbrs lksaus dh cjlk HkbA cknlk viuh QkSt QkVk ySdsa Ånu'kk; ds brs igq¡pks vdsysaÅnu'kk; ds flikba;u usa fdys ds Hkhrjba Hkhrj yM+kb dh iwjh rS;kjh dj ybatgxu t¡gxu xqjtu ds Åij rksisa yxk yba cM+s&cM+s rksiph cSBk n; fQj yjkbHkb dS tksau eSnku esa nq'eu dha QkStsa grha mrs xksyk ,slsa fxj j; grs dS flikba;uds yRrk ls mM+r rsA

cM+s yksxu dks dgcks gS ds Ånu'kk; thr x;s vdsysa ?kj ds Hksfn;k us gjokgo gksrksA Ånu'kk; [kk¡ tSlb b jgL; dks irks pyks os cgqr xqLlk¡ Hk;s muusa Hksnh[kk¡ cUnh cuk yoA Å Hksnh ea=h lsa tc csj&csj iwNks tk jo rks dS nq'eu dgk¡ gwgs Å dgr rks dS fdys ds Åij p<+ jo gwgs dHkÅ¡ dgr rks fdys iS p<+ gS vkSjdHkÅ¡ dgu yxr rks dS fdys iS p<+ xo gwgsaA Hksnh dh ,slh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwcg¡lks] dk; ls muus viuh nhoku [kk¡ Hkstds usaxj dh lSuk cqyokdsa cUnh cuk yogrksA thiS Hkxoku dh fdjik gksr gS] Ådks dksÅ dNw uba fcxkM+ ldrA

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,d efUnj grks Å esa Hkxoku vkSj iqtkjh jgr rs Hkxoku th jgl yhyk djutkr rs Årb ufn;k ds fdukjsa ,d xMfj;k viuh xS;k¡ pjkÅr rksA Hkxoku th usÅ xMfj;k lsa dgh gesa Å ikj fudkj nks Åusa dgh pyks rqe gek; da/kk iS cSB tko]Hkxoku th Åds da/kk iS cSB ds ikj gks x;A Hkxoku th usa dgh vc rqe ykSV tkoÅusa dgh ge rqek; laxs pych fQj os nksb tusa pys vk;A Hkxoku th dgu yxsrqe brb }kjs esa cSB tko dksÅ[ksa vku u nbvksA Hkxoku 'kadj th MwaBk cSy iS vk;

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 306

Åus dgh tks Hkwr lks Dok pyks vkmrA gek; Hkxoku th Mjk tSgsa lks Åusa mUgsa MaMkySdsa Hkxk no fQj Hkxoku th vk; vkSj Åusa d¡/kk iS cSBkjks vkSj pyks vkoA Hkxokulsa oks cksyks ds Hkwr vk; rs lks ge usa musa MaMk ysdsa Hkxk no grks Hkxoku th dguyxs os 'kadj th vk; rqeus mu[kk¡ dk; Hkxk noA os Hkwr ls yxr rsa lks geus lksphdS gek; NksVks ls Hkxoku Mjk tsgSaA

lwpd Øekad & 6Jh jkef[kykou lksuh] eaMyk & rglhy iUuk] ftyk iUuk] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 7lwpd Øekad & 7lwpd Øekad & 7lwpd Øekad & 7lwpd Øekad & 7

ekyd eSa vui<+ vkneh gksa tks cqtjxu }kjk lquks Å;s dbr gSa ckck dkrgrs ds x<+iSjk ds jktk Hkksr vPNs grs;A tks cqUnsy[kaM fg;k¡ isys dksuÅ¡ jkt ubagrksA jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksr cM+ /kjekRek grs] vkSj ijes'oj [kks iSpkur rsA vc rksjktu us /kje [kksa NksM+ noA Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[k esa u grksA iztk dhcÅ fcfV;k dk viuh fcfV;k Hkk¡r ekur rsA yojh crkr rks Ådh thc f[kpok ysrrsA cw<+s okjs lcb lsa izse lsa feyr rsA muds iqUu ijrki lsa iztk lq[kh jkr rhA ,dnba;k vius fdys dh HkhaV iS BkMs rsA pkjÅ dksn gsr rsA brsd esa eksrh ryok esalijjb ,d yqxkb iS mudh utj ijhA ns[kr uba musa xksyh lh yxhA jktk us dofd b vk¡[ku lsa ,slk u ns[kks pkb;sA jktk us viuh nksb vk¡[ksa lqth lsa Qksj MkjhaAtSlb jktk us vk¡[ksa Qksjh mlb Hkxoku usa muis lksauksa cj"kkoA /kUu gSa ,sls euql tkspfjRoku gSA jktk dh vk¡[ksa T;ksa dh R;ksa gks xbaA fQj jktk us [kwc iqUu djks vkSjiztk [kksa lq[kh cukoA czãk dh xfr dfBu gSA jktk ds bu xquu dh cM+okjh fnYyhds ckLlk yks iksaph ds Ånu'kk; dh QkSt iSyka lsa yjS ds ykus rS;~;kj grhA xqjtuds Åij rksisa /kjk ybaA cM+s&cM+s xksyUnkt cSBkjsA fQj ,slh yM+kb HkbA tkSau txkiS nq'eu QkStsa grha mrs ,sls xksyk fxjs dS flikb;au ds yRrk mM+ x;A

l;kus dkr dS Ånu'kk; dh th HkbA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlb irk pyksa dS ?kjds Hksnh us mus gjok no gksrk] os Hkksr Øks/k esa Hk;A muus iwaNh ds csjh dgk¡ gq, Åusado ds cSjh fdys iS p<+r gqb,] dcgwa dr ds fdys iS p<+ co gq,A Hksnh dh ckrsa lqudsajktk [kwc g¡lsA muxs nhoku [kksa Hksat dsa ,saxj ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk yb rh nksbdhn ls ?ksj ds ckLlk [kksa canh cuk yo grksA dkr vk; dS thdks Hkxoku dh d`ikgksr gS lks Ådks dksÅ dNq uba dj ldrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 307

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,d tusa x; rs ijns'ksA muusa eyd eksjsa dekba ewlj esa dksy dsa Hkj ybaA ?kjsfuxs xSy esa ,d dsa <+ksjsa ijSA jkr dsa lks x;A Å ?kj dh yqxkb us ns[kks ds ewljxjo gS lks viuh ?kj xb vkSj cYns ls mudks ys xbA tc os txs rc ns[kks ds gekjsewlj pksjh pyks xoA lksp djdsa ?kjs pys vk;A fQj c<+b lsa ewly cjok; vkSjxkM+h esa /kjdsa vksb ds nksjSa esa iksaps;] vkSj fpYykus ckb ,d iqjkuksa ns tko vkSj nksu; ys tkoA ykyp esa ok yqxkb oks elwj ns xb vkSj nks u; ys xbA xkao ds vkSjnksjs lks os cksys ds gesa dkÅ ls daqu ewlj cyankousaA

lwpd Øekad & 7dsljh izlkn pkScs] csMjh] ftyk & Nrjiqj] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 8lwpd Øekad & 8lwpd Øekad & 8lwpd Øekad & 8lwpd Øekad & 8

ekyd ge viM+k vkneh dh tku ldr gsa ij gk¡ tks dNq geus iqjkusvknfe;ksa ls lquks gs mls esa dgr gksaA gejs vkts dgr grs ds x<+igjk fdys dsjktk Ånu'kk; cgqr vPNs grsA tks cqUnsy[k.M gsa brs isys dksuÅ lks jtokM+ks ughagksrksA jktk Ånu'kk; cM+s /kekZRek grs Hkxoku dksa ekur grs vc mu jktksa us /kje[kksa /kksds /kjnvks gSA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksuÅ Hkh nq[kh us grksA ijtk dhcgq fcVksa [kks jktk erkb fcfV;k tSlks ekur grs >wB cksycs ckjksa dh os thHk f[kpokysr rsA cw<+s] ckjksa] Å¡p uhp tkr ds lc ls izse ls feyr gsrsA muds iqUu ds mn;lsa ijtk Hkksr lq[kh grhA ,d csj cs vius fdys dh fnokj is <kM+S grs pkjb vksj ns[kjv grs ds bRrs esa eksrhyky esa lijjb ,d yqxkb isa tksx ls jktk dh utj ij xbAutj ds ijrÅ¡ mu[kksa xksyh ls yx xb os cksys jke&jke bu vk¡[kksa [kksa dk ,sls ns[kpt~t;sA nks lwth ys vkvks vkSj db tkr gs ds muus viuh nksb vk¡[ksa lwth ls Qksjyb grhaA lkph >wBh rks ns[kcs okjs tkur gqb;sa euksa lqquh&lquh ckr ds jvs gsa dstSlb muus lwth eaxk ds [kqn dh vk¡[ksa Qksjh Hkxoku us [kqlh gksds muis lksus dhcjlk djh ,sls vkneh [kks /kUu gsa tks vPNs pkypyu ds grsA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlhgrs Ålb gks xb fQj muus iqUu /kje djks vkSj ijtk [kksa Hkksr lq[k nvksA fc/kkrkdh xr [kksa dNq ub tku ldrA jktk ds bu xquksa dh [kcj fnYyh ds ckPNk dsfyaxk iksagph dS Ånu'kk; ds bRrs lksus dh cjlk Hkb gS ckPNk viuha lsuk [kksa ysdsa Ånu'kk; ds bRrs igqaps euks Ånu'kk; dh lsuk usa fdys dh Hkhrjba yM+os dh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 308

lcjh rS;kjh dj yb grhA lc txk xqjtks isa rksisa yxk nba grha vkSj isysa uEcj dsxksyankt cSBk n;s fQj ,slh ?keklku yM+kb Hkb ds nq'euksa ds yRrk mM+ x;sA

l;kus yksx dgr gS ds Ånu'kk; thr x;s euks ?kjb ds Hksnh us mu[kksa gjcknvks gksrksA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlb tks jsl dks irk pyk cks Hkksrb xqLlk vvks muusaHksnh [kksa ckan nvksA vc vks Hksnh ea=h ls cjs&csj iwNks xvks d nq'eu fdrs gqb, cksdgr grks ds fdys is p<+ jvks gqb, dcÅ¡ dsr rks fdys is p<+gs vkSj dcgq dsr rksds fdys is p<+ xvks gqb,A Hksnh dh ckrksa ls jktk [kwcb g¡ls dk;lsa muusa viuhnhoku [kksa iksapk dsa fyaxk ds jktk dh lSuk cqyok yb vkSj nksb fdrÅ lsa ?ksj dsckPNk [kksa cUnh cuok yo grkA dgr gsa ds tsisb Hkxoku dh d`ik gksr gsa vksdksdksÅ dNq uba dj ldr gSA

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,d jktk grs mudh ,d ekSM+h grh ck HkkSrb lqanj grhA ,d fnuk ck ekSM+hvius laxh lkfFkuksa ds laxs taxy ?kwecs [kksa fudjhA mrS ?kwer&?kwer HkkSr leS chrxvksA tc ck taxy esa ?kqM+ck iS cSBdsa ?kwer tk jg rh] rcb ,d yjdk vkvks vkSjdsu yxks ds jktdqekjh th tk lkjh eSaus vius gk¡rksa ls cukb gS] rqe ys yksjktdqekjh us [kqlh ls ck lkjh ys yb vkSj dsu yxh ds ge rqek; gk¡r ls cukb HkbvkSj lkfM+;ksa [kksa vkSj dijk ns[kksa pkgr rks yjdk vks jktdqekjh [kkSa vius ?kjsa yqvkys xvksA jktdqekjh vksdks dke ns[kds HkkSrb [kqlh Hkb vkSj dsu yxh ds ,slks yxrgS ds lc NksM+dSa rqek; brs j;s vk;sa vkSj tk fcan~;k lh[k y;sa] dijk cquckS lh[ky;sa rks ckS yjdk lkspu yxks ds tk jktdqekjh rks eksa [kksa ilan djr gSA vcjktdqekjh dh lckjh vk¡xsa pyh rc vks[kksa ,d yjdk feykS vksds dans iS ,d lqisndcwrj cSBkS rksa ckSj yjdk vks dcwrj lsa ckrsa dj jo rks rks jktdqekjh [kksa cM+hvpjt yxks ck dsu yxh rqe lc ifN~N;ksa ls ,slb ckr dj ldr gks rks vksusa dbfd go ge dj ldrA rks jktdqekjh vkslsa dsu yxh ds ,slksa yxr gS lc NksM+NkM+ds rqek; ikl jSu yxs vkSj rqels tk fcn~;k lh[ksa rks ckS yjdk ch lkspu yxks dstk jktdqekjh eks[kksa pkgu yxh vkSj cks rks vksdh lqanjrk iS iSyb ls jh>kS rksA vcjktdqekjh dh lckjh vk¡xsa cM+h rks jktdqekjh dks tqj p<+ vkvksA vksdsa laxs ckjsvks[kksa ,d cSn ds ikl yqvk x;s vkSj cSn us vksdh ,slh nckb djh ds ck fcydqyBhd&Bhd gks xb] jktdqekjh tk ckr ns[kdsa nax jS xb ds vks cSn ds brS ,d lsa,d dfBu jksx ckjs Bhd gks tkrA ck vks cSn ls Hkh HkkSrb [kql Hkb vkSj dsu yxh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 309

ds gesa vxj les feyks rks ge rqek;s laxs jS ds jksfx;ksa dh lsok djgSaA rks ckS cSnyjdk ch lkspu yxks ds tk jktdqekjh eks[kksa pkgu yxh ckS ch vks[kksa ilan djuyxhA vc jktdqekjh Bhd&Bkd gksdsa vk¡xsa pyh rks ,d eqlhcr esa fcn xb ck isM+ksadh yrkvksa esa fcn dS yVd xb vkSj mrS ,d lji cSBks grks vksds laxh lkFkh lcgsjku gks x;s ds vc cs jktdqekjh dh tku cpk ybA jktdqekjh cpkvks&cpkvksfpYyk jb rhA vksdh vkokt lqudS ,d HkkSrb chj yjdk tks HkkSrb lqanj grks mrsvkvks vkSj vksusa jktdqekjh dh tku cpk ybA jktdqekjh vkslsa HkkSr [kql Hkb vkSjdsu yxh ds esa ,sls chj vkneh ds laxs jScks ilan djgksa tkSu us eksjh tku cpkbAtc jktdqekjh viusa ?kjsa ykSVh rks vksds firk HkkSrb [kql Hk;s vkSj dsu yxs ds rqeC;kc tksx gks xb gks ge rqekvks C;ko HkkSrb cM+s jktk ds yjdk ds laxs dj gSa] rksck jktdqekjh dSu yxh ds firkth rqe eksjks C;ko dksb jktk ds laxs usa dfj;ks esarks ,sls vkneh ds laxs C;ko djgksa tks prqj] cylkyh] lqanj gks;sA rks jktk us iwjsjkt esa tks fMaMkSjk fiVck no ds jktdqekjh dks Loacj jpks tkusa gS] tkSu yjdk ;sY;kd ds gks; cs ;sesa Hkkx yscs njckj esa vk;sA tk ckr mu pkjS yjdksa us ch lquhrkS cs ch mrS vk;s vc cs pkjS tuS tk fopkjr rs ds jktdqekjh geb [kksa pqusA ijjktdqekjh us vks yjdk [kkSa viuks cj pqukS tkSu vksdh tku cpkb rhA lcusa dbds rqeus vksb [kksa dk; pqukS tcfd cs pkjS tuS ,d ls c<+dsa ,d gr rks jktdqekjhdsu yxh ds tkSj yjdk chj vkSj lqanj rks gSb] laxs b prqj vkSj cqf)eku lksb gS,slsa b gekvks cj cucs ykd gSA mudh lknh /kwe&/kke ls HkbZ vkSj vks jktdqekjhusa vius prqj&chj cylkyh ifr ds laxs HkkSrb vPNsa lsa jkt pykvksA vks jktdqekjhus iSlksa dks jktikV dks eksg usa djds viuh cqf) lsa prqj vkSj chj ifr pquksaA lkstks ds tksx grks lks vksdh ftanxh lqnj xbZA

lwpd Øekad & 8Jh dLrwj pan tSu] djgn] ftyk & lkxj] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 9lwpd Øekad & 9lwpd Øekad & 9lwpd Øekad & 9lwpd Øekad & 9

ekfyd eSa rks cw<+ vkneh gksa eSa dk dj ldr gksaA vdsysa gk¡ tks dwN eSausiqj[ku ls lquks gS ck eSa dr gksaaA iqj[kk dÅr rs dS x<+igjk x< dks jktk Ånu'kk;HkksrÅ vPNks grksA tks cqUnsy[k.M gS brs dkSauÅ jtckMks ugha grksA jktk Ånu'kk;cM+ksb /kjekRek grksA oks ijes'oj dksa [kwcÅ ekur rksA vc rks jktu us /kje [kksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 310

èkksads ih yo gSA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksuÅ¡ nqf[k;k u grksA ijtk dh cÅfcfV;k [kksa jktk viuh erkb fcfV;k dh rjg ekur rksA >wB cksyos ckjs dh os thc

f[kpok ysr rsA cw<+s] ckjs Å¡p uhaps] lcba ls cMsÅ izse ls feyr rsA muba ds iqUu

lsa iztk lq[kh grhA ,d csj os vius fdys dh Hkhr iS BkMs rsA pksrjik ns[k j; rsA

ds brrba esa eksrh rky esa lijjb ,d yqxkb iS jktk dh fuxk latksx ls ijhA fuxk

ijruba jktk ds rqid lh yxhA cksys jke jke bu vk¡[ku dks dk tksb ns[kus rks

Y;ko nks lwtk vkSj yksxu dks dscks gS ds muus viuh nksÅ vk¡[ksa lwtu ls Qksj ybarhA >wB vksj lp rks ns[kcs ckjs ds ldr gSa ij lquh lqukb ckr rks tks gS dS brs

muusa tSlba lwtksa [kksa eaxk ds viuh vk¡[ksa Qksjh Hkxoku usa [kq'kh gksdsa muis lksuksa

cjlk nvks ,sls yksxu dks /kUu gS tks brsd pfj= ckjs gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlh grha

cSlb gks xbaA muus fQj ls iqUu /kje djks vkSj iztk [kksa cM+ks lq[kh cukoA fc/kkrk

dh xfr [kks dksÅ uba tkurA jktk ds bu xquu dh izlalk fnYyh ds ckn'kk rd

uks iksaph ds Ånu'kk; ds brs lksusa dh cjlk HkbA ckn'kk viba Qkst ysdsa Ånu'kk;ds brs iSapksa iS Ånu'kk; ds flikb;u us fdys Hkhrjb yjcS dh iwjh rS;kjh dj yb

rhA tk¡xu rkaxu xqjtu iS rksisa /kj nba cM+s cM+s xksyankt cSBkj n;sA fQj ,slh yjkb

yjh dS th eSanku iS csjh dh Qkstsa grh mrs xksyk ,sls fxj j; rs dS flikba;u ds

/kqj~js mM+ x;sA

cM+s yksx dr gSa ds Ånu'kk; thr x; rs vdsysa /kj ds Hksfn;k us musa gjokno gksrksA iS Ånu'kk; dks tSlsba tks Hksn dks irks pyk os HkkSrb xqLlk Hk;sA muusa

Hksnh dks idjok yoA ck Hksfn;k ea=h lsa csj csj iwNh tk jgb rh ds nq'eu fdrs gqb;s

rks okS dÅr rks dS fdys iS p<+ jo gq, dcÅ dr grks ds fdys iS p<+ gSa vkSj dcÅ¡

dr rks ds fdys iS p<+ xo gq,A Hksfn;k dha ts ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwcba galks dk; ds

ckus vi;a nhoku dksa ikSapk ds f<axk ds jktk dh QkSt cqyok yb rh vkSj nksÅ rjQ

ls ?ksj dsa ckn'kk dksa cUnh cuk yo rksA dr gSa dS tkSau is b'oqj dh d`ik gksr gSckdksa dkÅ uba fcxkj ldrA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d cw<+kS fy<+b;k grksA ckS taxy esa tkjvkS rkSA ck; ,d dkxn dkS Vwadk

feykSA ckusa ck Vwadk dkxn dks mBk yvkSA rc cks fy<+b;k fy<+b;u lsa ckSyksa dS eSaiV~Vhnkj gksa esjs ikl iV~VkS gSa lcjs fy<+b;u uSa ck cw<+s fy<+b;ka dh iwaN esa ,d MaMk

ckan~nvks vkSj ck, viukS eqf[;k ekus yvkSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 311

gqavka] chpka] unh ds rhj esa ddjh [kjcwtk yxs rsA mudh lkSanh&lkSanh lqxanlsa cw<+s fy<+b;k dh ykj Vidu yxhA ckusa lcjs fy<+b;u dksa fcjokjh esa ?kldSaddjha [kjcwtk [kkcs dh dSnbA fQj cksÅ [kkcs ?kql xvkSaA j[kokjs uSa rhu iySardqRrk gqydkj nvsA lcjs fy<+b;k rkS fcjokjh ÅydSa Hkx~xvs vdsysa ckSa cw<+kSa fy<+b;ku Hkx ikvkS] dkvs dS ckdh iwap esa cankS MaMk fcjckjh esa fcn xvkSA rc dqRrk ck,phFu yxsA cw<+s fy<+b;k uSa lc fy<+b;k fpYyk dSa cksys dS cksb iV~VkS fy[kk nks] osdqRrk rks eku tSa gSaA rkiSa cw<+s fy<+b;k uSa db dS fg;ka rks ckr dqi<+u esa fc/khA dkSdvS] v[kjh esa dqRru uSa ck cw<+s fy<+b;k dkSa phFk&phFk dSa ekM~MkjkSA

lwpd Ø & 9MkW- ';ke fcgkjh JhokLro] laso<+k] ftyk & nfr;k] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 10lwpd Øekad & 10lwpd Øekad & 10lwpd Øekad & 10lwpd Øekad & 10

egkjkt eSa vi<+ vkneh dk dS ldrA tks dNqd eSaus cw<+s iqjkus yksxu ls lquhcsb drA vtk dcw djs] x<+igjk ds jktk Ånu'kk Hkksrb uksusa grsA cs /kje djeesa fo'okl djr rs blqj [kksa phur rsA vcds jktu~ dh dks dusaA musa dks ikÅrAiztk [kksa cÅ fcfV;k dh ukba ekur rsA dkyksa d¡;A

,d csj dk HkoA eksrhryk esa ,d tuha lijr ns fn[kkuha lks muus lwtsa cqykdsaviuh nksb vka[ksa Qks MkjhaA jktk ds ,sls pfj= [kksa ns[k dsa Hkxoku usa muiS lksus dhcjlk dj nbA Ånu'kk iS lksusa dh cjlk ns[k dsa fnYyh ds cknlk is p<+kb dj nbAÅnu'kk ds xksyanktu us nq'eu dh QkStu ds 'kjhju dh /ktha /ktha mM+k n;haA

dscs ckjs tk dr gSa fd Hksnh usa vk tks lc dNw djksa rks lks Ånu'kk us Å[kksaidj dsa cnqvk cuk yoA fQj mlsa iwNha ds nq'eu fdrs gqb;s lks Åus db ds p<+jo gqb;s] rud esa fQj cksyks p<+os okvks gqb;s] dc p<+b u xo gks;A Hksnh dh ckrsalqudsa jktk [kwc f[kyf[kykusa] dk; ds muus vius nhoku [kksa Hksat dsa djds ds jktkdh lsuk cqyk yb vkSj nksb rjQk¡ ls ?ksj ?kkj ds ckn'kk [kksa ca/kqvk cuk yoA dbtkr gSa thiS d`ik jke dh gksb Ådks dk djgS dksbA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,salsa&,salsa ,d Mhyk vkS iRrk grks bu nksb tuu esa Hkksr nksLrh grh] tc vk¡nhvkÅrrh rks Mhyk iRrk iS cSB tkr rks iRrk mM+ ub ikÅr rks vkSj tc ikuha ojlr

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 312

rks rks Mhyk iS iRrk gks tkr rks thlsa ikuh ?ky ub ikÅr rksA nksb;u eSa gks xbyjkb muusa db eSa cM+ks vkSj muus db eSa cM+ksA nksb;au esa ruk¡ ruha pyhA ,d fnukvk¡nh vkb vkb lks iRrk iM+ xo vkSj ikuh vko lks Mhyk xy xoA dscs dks eryctks vk; ds esy esa rks lq[k gS vkSj QwV esa nq[k gSA

lwpd Øekad & 10Jherh dyk oekZ ¼fcUnq½] fuokM+h] ftyk& Vhdex<+] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 11lwpd Øekad & 11lwpd Øekad & 11lwpd Øekad & 11lwpd Øekad & 11

ekyd esa vi<+k vkneh dk dj ldr gksaA ij gk¡ tks dqN iqjkus yksxu ls lquksaÅ[kksa esa dr gksaA cCck dr rs dS x<+igjk x<+ jktk Ånu'kkg HkkSr vPNs rsA tkscqUnsy[k.M gS brs isys dksuÅa jtokM+ks ub rksA jktk Ånu'kkg Hkksr /kjekRek grsAos ijes'oj [kksa ispkur grsA vc rks jktk us /kje [kkSa /kksdsa ih yoA jktk Ånu'kkgds jkt esa dksb nq[kh uba rksA ijtk dh cm fcfV;u [kksa jktk viuh erkb fcfV;k¡dh ukba ekur rsA >wy cksyos okju dh os thc f[kapok ysr rsA cw<+s] eksM+h] ekSM+] Å¡pksa]uspksa lcu lsa os izse lsa feyr rsA muds iqUu ijrki lsa iztk lq[kh rhA ,d csj osvius fdys dh HkhV isa BkM+s rsA pkjÅ¡ vksj ns[k j; rs ds brus esa rky esa lijr ,dyqxkb iS mudh fuxk latksd lsa ij xbA fuaxk ds ijr musa xksyh lh yxhA cksysjke&jke bu vka[ku lsa lsa ,slks uba ns[kus rksA nks lwtsa fy;ko] vkSj ,slh db tkrdS muusa viuh nksÅ vka[ksa Qksj ybaA lkaph&>wBh rks ns[kos ckjs tkusa eSa rks lquh lquhckr ;k dr gksa ds tSlsb muusa lwtu lsa viuh vk¡[ksa Qksjh Hkxoku us [kql gksdsa mudsÅij lksusa dh cjlk djhA ,sls vkneu [kksa /kUu gSa tks brus vPNs pkypyu ds gSaAjktk dh vka[k tba dh rba gks xbaA muusa fQj iqUu /kje djs vksj ijtk [kksa lq[khcukoA fo/kkrk dh xfr er [kksa dNq uba dS ikÅrA jktk ds bu xquu dh izlalkfnYyh ds ckn'kk rd iksaph ds Ånu'kk; ds brs iksapksA iS Ånu'kk; ds flikb;uusa fdys Hkhrjb ycjs dh rS;kjh dj yb grhA txka txka is xqtZ iS rksisa yxok nbaAcM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBk n;A fQj ,slh yjkb Hkb ds tkSau eSnku iS cSjh dh QkSatsa rha]xksyk ,sls fxj j; rs ds fliku ds yRrk mM+ tkr rsA

cM+s yksxu dks dScks gS ds Ånu'kk; thr x;] iS ?kj ds Hksfn;k us musa gjokno gksrksA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlb ;k Hksn dks irks pyks os Hkksrb xqLlk Hk;] muusa Hksfn;k[kksa c¡nok noA ck Hksfn;k lsa ea=h ls csj&csj iwNks xo dS cSjh dk¡ gqb;s \ cks dr rks

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 313

ds fdyS iS p<+ jo gqb;s] dcÅ¡ dr rks fdyS iS p<+s vkSj dcÅ¡ dr rks ds fdys iSp<+ xo gqb;sA Hksfn;k dh ,salh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwc g¡lksaA dk; ds Åus vius nhoku[kksa Hkstdsa cxy ds jktk dh QkSt cqyck yb rh vkSj nksuÅ¡ vksj lsa ?kj dsa ckn'kk[kksa canck yo rksA tk db tkr ds Hkxoku this n;k djr Ådks dksÅ dNw ubafcxkj ikÅrA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d csj ,d Å¡V [kksa pjrh csjka xj; esa ,d M¡xjk vM+ xoA Ådks ekyd ,dprqj vkneh ds fyaxk tkdsa cksyks ekjs Å¡V [kksa xjs esa ,d [krk gks xo dNq vks[kndj nksA Å prqj vkneh us vVksdsa irk feyk yo dS b Å¡V ds xjs esa dksuÅ¡ QyvM+ xoA Å¡usd fcnh lsa ,d iFkjk xj; ds b ctkÅ¡ vkSj nwljks Åij lsa /kjdsa b'kkjslsa cnk no] thlsa xj; esa vM+ksa Maxjk QqV xo vkSj Å¡V vPNks gks xoA ,d ewj[kvkneh us ns[k dsa lksp yb dS ge Hkh ,slb vkS[kn djsaA ,d csjh dh ckr ds ,dvkneh ds xj; esa lkalÅ¡ dks [krk gks xo ewj[k vkneh usa tslb Å¡V dh ukab iFkjkls xjkS ncko lkS fcpkjs vkneh dh tku dM+ xbA ,b lsa db tkr ds gj dke [kksalksp le> dsa djcks vPNks gksrA

lwpd Øekad & 11Jh :iukjk;.k fepZokjk] ftyk & yfyriqj] mRrjizns'k

lwpd Øekad & 12lwpd Øekad & 12lwpd Øekad & 12lwpd Øekad & 12lwpd Øekad & 12

ekfyd eSa vui<+ vkneh gksa dk dj ldr gksaA ij gk¡ tks dNw iqjkusvknfe;u lsa lqukS gsa Å, eSa dsr gksaA cCck dr rs dS x<+iSjk x<+ ds jktk Ånu'kk;eqRrd vPNs grsA tks cqansy[k.M gS brs iSysa dksuÅ¡ jtokM+ks ub grksA jktkÅnu'kk; cM+s /kjekRek grsA ijes'oj dksa isapkur rsA vc rkS jktu usa /kje dksa èkksdsaih yo gSA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksuÅ¡ nq[kh ub grksA ijtk dh cÅ fcfV;kdksa viuh erkb fcfV;k ekur rsA >wB cksycs okju~ dh cs tcku f[kpok ysr rsA cwM+s]ckjs] Å¡p uhap lcba lsa izse lsa feyr rsA muds iqUu ijrki lsa ijtk lq[kh grhA,dcsj cs vius fdys dh Hkhr is BkaM+s grsA pkjÅ¡ rji fprSj; rsA brsd esa eksrh rykesa lijr ,d vkSjr iS latksx lsa jktk dh utj ikSaphA utj ijr ub mudksa xksyhlh yxhA cksys jke jke bu vk¡[ku dksa dk ,slksa ns[kks pb;sA nks lqb,a e¡xk dsa viuhnksÅ vka[ksa Qksaj ybaA lk¡ph&>w¡Vh rks ns[kcs ckjs tkusa ij lquha lqukb dS j; ds tslb

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 314

muusa vk¡[ksa Qksajh Hkxoku us muds Åij lqUus dh cjlk djhA ,sls vknfe;u dksa èkUu

gSa tks brsd pfj=oku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlh dh rSlha gks xba fQj muusa eqyd iqUu

/kje djks vkSj ijtk dksa lq[kh cukoA fo/kkrk dh xfr dksa dNw uba dS ldr gSaA

jktk ds bu xquu dh ijla'kk fnYyh ds ckn'kk uksa iksaphA dS Ånu'kk; ds brs lqUus

dh cjlk HkbA cknlk viuh QkSt laXxs Ånu'kk; ds brs iksapsA vdsys Ånu'kk;

ds lSudu usa fdys ds Hkhrjb yjcS dh rS;~;kjh dj ybA t¡xk t¡xk eqRrd cM+h cM+h

rksisa yxk nbaA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt fcBk n; fQj ,slh yjkb Hkb dS tkSau eSnku iS

nq'eu dh QkStsa grha] xksyk ,sls fxj j; rs dS flikb;u ds fpFkM+k mM+ tkr rsA

cM+s yksx dr gSa ds Ånu'kk; thr x; vdsys ?kj ds vknfe;¡u us musa gjck

no gksrksA Ånu'kk; dksa tSlb tks jgL; dkS irkS pyks os Hkksr xqLlk¡ Hk;A Å¡usa Hksnh

[kksa canh cukoA Å Hksnh ea=h lsa tc csj&csj iwNks tk jo rks dS nq'eu fdrS gqb;s

rks dr rks dS fdis iS p<+ jo gqb,] dHkš dr rks ds fdys iS p<+ pqdkS gqb,] dHkš

dr rks fdys iS p<+gS vkSj dHkš dr rks dS fdys iS p<+ pqdks gqb,A Hksnh ea=h dh

,slh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwcb g¡lkS dk; ds Åusa vius nhoku [kksa iksapk dsa ,saxj ds jktk

dh lsuk cqyk yb grh vkSj nksb rjQ lsa ?ksj dsa ckn'kk; [kksa canh cuk yo rksA dr

gSa dS tkSau iS Hkxoku dh fdjik gksr gS Ådks dksÅ dNw uba fcxkj ldrA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

Hkksr iqjkuh ckr gS ds ,d xk¡o esa ,d HkkSr xjhc vkneh jgr rksA oks nwljudh etwjh dj&dj dsa vius ifjokj dk ikyu djr rksA ,d fnuka cks eqf[k;k ds brsgj gk¡du xoks vkSj tc Åusa [ksr esa tksrcks 'kq: dj n;ks rks tksrr m, [ksr esa ,dlksus dh eqgj feyhA eqgu Åusa nqdk ybA thlsa dkÅ[kksa bdks irks u pys] vkSj tccks [ksr ls gj <hy ds ?kjsa vkvks lks viuh yqxkb lsa cksyks ds vkt gesa eqf[k;k dks[ksr tksrr esa eqgj feyhA lks Ådh yqxkb cksyh dS vc vPNks j[kks blsa viuh xjhchnwj gks tSgs vkSj dkÅ dh eatwjh u dUuS ijS] vkSj viu dks ifjokj [kwc vPNh rjklsa jSA ----------------------------

lwpd Ø % 12vkseizdk'k] orZeku jsYos dkyksuh] eÅjkuhiqj] >kalh] mRrjizns'k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 315

lwpd Ø & 13lwpd Ø & 13lwpd Ø & 13lwpd Ø & 13lwpd Ø & 13

ekyd ge vui<+ vkneh dk dg ldrA ij tks dNq gesu ijkus vknfe;ulsa lquksa gS ck;s ge dgr gSaA ckck dgr rs ds x<+igjk ds jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksr vPNsgrsA tk cqUnsy[k.M gS brs iSy dksuÅ¡ jtokM+k uba grksA jktk Ånu'kk; cM+sèkjekRek grs b'oj dks iaspkurrsA vc rks jktu~ us /kje dks /kks; dsa ih yoA jktkÅnu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[kh uba grksA turk dh cgq csfV;u dksa jktk viuhek¡ fcfV;k dh rjg ekurs grsA >wB cksyos ckyu dh thHk f[kapok; ysr gsrsA cw<+scPpu Å¡p&uhp lcls vPNh rjk ls feyr gSaA muds /keZ iqUu lsa turk lq[kh grhA,d csj os viuh fdys dh fnoky iS BkM+s grsA pkjÅ rjQ ns[k j; rsA ds brus esaeksrhrky esa lijr ,d tuh iS latksx ls jktk dh fuxkg ij xbA fuxkg ds ijrb[ku mudsa xksyh lh yxhA cksys jke&jke ts vk¡[ku dksa ,slks uba ns[ksa pba;s rksAmuus nks lqb eaxk; dsa viuh vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA >wBh lkaph rks ns[kos okjs tkur gerks lquh lqukb dS j; ds tSlba muus viuh vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA >wBh lkaph rks ns[kos okjstkur ge rks lquh lqukb dS j; ds tSlba muus viuh vk¡[ksa Qksjh rks Hkxoku us [kq'kgks;ds mu iS lksus dh cjlk djhA ,sls vknfe;u dksa /kUu gS tks brus vPNs gSaA jktkdh vk¡[ksa tSlh dh rSlh gks; xba muus fQj /kje iqUu djks vkSj iztk dksa Hkksr lquhcukoA fo/kuk dh xr dksa dks tkusa jktk ds bu xq.ku dh izlalk fnYyh ds ckn'kk;ykSa iksap xb ds Ånu'kk; dsa brs lksus dh cjlk HkbA ckn'kk; viuh Qkst ysdsa

Ånu'kk; das ikSapsA vdsys Ånu'kk; ls lSudu us fdyk ds Hkhrjb Hkhrj yM+os dh

iwjh rS;kjh dj yb txk&txk iS xqtZ iS rksais yxok nbaA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBk;

n;A fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkb ds tkSau txk iS nq'eu dh QkStsa grha xksyk ,sls fxjr rs

ds flikb;u ds yRrk mM+ tkrrsA

cM+s vkneh dgr dS Ånu'kk; thr x; vdsysa ?kj d fHkfn;au us mUgsa gjok;

n; gksrsA Ånu'kk; dksa tSlb tk irk pyks os Hkksr xqLlka Hk;A muus fHkfn;k ea=h

dksa idM+k; y;A yc ck fHkfn;k lsa csj&csj iwNh tk jo grks ds nq'eu dgk¡ gS rks

oks dgr rks dSa fdyk iS p<+ jo gks; dcgqa dgr rks fdyk iS p<+ gSA vkSj dcgqa

dgr rks ds fdyk iS p<+ xo gks;A fHkfn;k dh ,slh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwc g¡ls dk;

lsa muus vius nhoku dksa Hksat ds ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk; yb grhA vkSj nksÅ

rjQ lsa ?ksj ds ckn'kk dks cUnh cuok; yo grksA dkr gSa ds tkis Hkxoku dh d`ik

gksr gS] ckdks dksÅ dNw uba dj ldrA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 316

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,d dkNh ekrs grsA os dNokjh esa ijok lsa isM+u esa ikuh ns j; rsA rks mrs

ls ,d Bkdqj fudjSA os dkNh ekrsa ls cksys dk; ekrs d¡qvk esa ls ikuh dks Hkj nsrs

gSA dkNh ekrs cksys cki rqek;A rks Bkdqj cksys gek; cki dqvk esa ls ikuh Hkjr gSa

rks musa BaM uba jbA dkNh cksys cM+s ckj ds ihjk gks rks mM+k nks iyhA Bkdqj us iYyh

Y;k dsa dqvk esa Mkj nbA tc Qly rS;kj gks xb rks Bkdqj vk; vkSj dkNh ls cksys

dkNh ekrs Qly vk/kh vk/kh djkA dkNh ekrs cksys fd rqeus esgur djha\ ck; esa

tks vk/kh&vk/kh djsaA Bkdqj cksys gek; cki dq¡vk esa ls ijok HkjrrsA dkNh ekrs cksys

geu djsa iapk;r yxk yks iapu us Bkdqj ds i{k esa QSlyk ns noA nwljh lky tc

Bkdqj lkc dkNh ekrs ds [ksr ls fudjs rks dkNh ekrs us Mjk ds nwj ls dS nb ds

Årb ÅrbA Bkdqj lkc mrb ls ykSV x,A tc Qly nqckjk rS;~;kj Hkb rks Bkdqj

fQj cVokjs ds ykus vk x,A fQj iapk;r yxhA dkNh cksys ds ge rks tkos ds ykus

dbrh ds Ålba ÅlbaA Bkdqj cksys geus le>h ds ijb lky ?kkabA rc fQj ls

Qly vk/kh&vk/kh cVh vkSj dkNh us Bkdqj lsa ckrb djoks NksM+ noA

lwpd Øekad & 13

lqjsUnz flag lsaxj] fNfj;k] jsa<j] tkykSu] m-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 14lwpd Øekad & 14lwpd Øekad & 14lwpd Øekad & 14lwpd Øekad & 14

ekyd esa vi<+k vkneha dk dj ldr gks] iS gk¡ tks dNw Hkh eSaus cw<s+ yksxulsa lquksa grks Å[ksa dgr gksaA cCck dgr rs dh x<+igjk x<+ ds egkjkt Ånu'kk;cgksr cf<+;k grsA ;ks ¼tks½ cqUnsy[k.M vk; brs isgyk dksÅ jtokM+k u grksA jktkÅnu'kk; cgkr /kjekRek gsrs] Hkxoku [ksa tkur grsA vc rks jktu usa /kje [ksa èkksdsaih yo gSA egkjkt Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[kh u grksA ijtk dh cgw csVh dksjktk ek¡ cfgu dh rjg ekur rsA tks dksÅ >wBks cksyr grks mudh os thHk fudjokysr rs] cw<+ks yjdk] NksVks cM+ks] lcb lsa os cM+s izse lsa feyr rsA muds iqUu ijrkilsa ijtk cgksr lq[kh grhA ,d nba;k¡ os vius fdyks dh fHkfV;k iS BkM+s grs vkSjpkjÅ vksj dsa ns[kr grs dh bRrsa esa eksrh ryk isa lijr Hk;h ,d yqxkb iS latksxlsa jktk dh utj ij x;hA Å[ksa ns[kruba mu[kk¡ xksyh ls yxhaA cksys bu gs jkevk¡[ku [ksa dk ,slÅ ns[kus grksA nks lqba Y;ko vkSj crkr gSa fd muusa viuh nksÅvk¡[kh lqba;u ls Qksj yba grhaA >wBh vksj lk¡pksa ftuus ns[kks gS csb tkur gSa ij egwrks lquha lquh ckru [kksa dgr gksa fd tSlb muusa lqba e¡xk dsa viuh vk¡[kh Qksjh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 317

Hkxoku usa [kq'kh gksads muis lksuksa dh cjlk djhA fd ,sls vkneh [ksa /kUu gS tks bRrspfjroku~ pky&pyu ds vPNs gSaA jktk dh vk¡[kha tSlha grha Ålb gks xbA muusfQj vksjÅ iqUu /kje djks vksj ijtk dks Hkksrb lq[kh cukoA Hkxoku dh xfr dkstkusa jktk ds b xquu dh cM+kb fnYyh ds jktk ykSa iksaph fd Ånu'kk; ds brs lksausdh cjlk Hkb gSA ckn'kk viuh QkSt QkVs lesr Ånu'kk; ds brs iksapks] vdsysaÅnu'kk; ds flikg¡u usa fdys ds Hkhrjb yM+sa dh iwjh rS;kjh dj yb grh tgxk¡tgxk¡ iS xqjtu is rkisa /kjok nba cM+s&cM+s rksiph fcBok n; fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkbdh tkSau rjQ [ksa cSjh dh Qkstsa grha xksyk ,sls fxjr grs ds flikgu ds yRrsÅ mMtkr rsA

cw<+s vkneh crkÅr gSa fd Ånu'kk; thr x; grs iS ?kj dks Hksf/ka;k us gjokgo gkrksA vdsays Ånu'kk; [ksa tSlb tks irk yxks rks Å ogksr ukjkt HkoA ÅusaHksnh [ksa cUnh cukoA Å Hksnh ea=h lsa tc db nb;k¡ iwNks tkr dh cSjh dgk¡ gksgsAÅ dgr rks dh Å fdys iS p<+r gksgs] dHkÅ¡ dgr rks fd fdys iS p<+ gS vkSj dHkÅ¡dgr rks fd fdys iS p<+ xo gksgsA ckrsa lquds jktk [kwc g¡lks dk; dh Åusa viuhnhoku [ksa igq¡pk [ksa uhaxj ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk yb grh vkSj nksÅ dksn lsa ?ksj dsafnYyh ds jktk [ksa canh cuk yo grksA ,b lsa dgr gSa dh tsis Hkxoku lwnks gS ÅdksdksÅ dNw ugha fcxkj ldr gSA

lwpd Øekad & 14Jh lwjt flag ;kno] vdBksagk] gehjiqj] m-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 15lwpd Øekad & 15lwpd Øekad & 15lwpd Øekad & 15lwpd Øekad & 15

ekyd esa vi<+k dk ds ldr gksaA iS gk¡ tks dNw eSaus iqjkus yksxu ls lquksa gSlks vkb;s dr gksaA ij cCck gjsa drrs dS x<+iSjk ds jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksrb uksusa grsAtks cqUnsy[kaM gS] brs iSyka dksauaÅ jtckM+ks uba grksA jktk tw Ånu'kk; HkksrbèkekZRek grs ijeslqj [kha iSapkur rSA vc rks jktu us /kje [kksa /kksdsa ih yo gSa jktÅnu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[kh u grksA ijtk dh cÅ;sa fcfV;u [kksa jktk viuherkb fcfV;k tSlks ekur rsA ykch dSos ckju dh os thc ruck ysr rsA cw<+ks] ckjks]Å¡p uhp lcb lsa cM+s izse ls feyr rsA muba ds iqUu ijrki ls ijtk lq[k esa grhA,dcsj cs vius fdy dh HkhaV iS BkaM+s grsA pÅ rjQk ns[kr rs fd ,rsd esa eksarh rykesa lijr ,d tuh iS latksx ls fuxk ijhA fuxk ds ijru musa rks xksyh lh yxhAcksys jke&jke bu vk¡[ku [kksa dk ,slÅ vk ns[kcksa cnks rksA nks BÅvk lwtk eaxkdsa muus viuh nksb vk¡[ksa Qksj yba grh lkaph >wBh rks ns[kcs ckjs tkur gqb;sa iS eS

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 318

rks lquh lquh vk dsjcA brk¡; muus tSalb lwtk eaxk dsa vka[ksa Qksjh Hkxoku usaijlUu gksdsa mu iSa lksaus dh cj"kk djhA lkalÅ¡ ,sls ekuq"k /kUu gS tks brus 'kq)dksaBk ds gSaA jktk dh vk¡[kas cslb dhcslb gks xbA muus fQj ls iqUu /kje djks vkjijtk [kksa Hkksr lq[kh cukcA foèk dh yhyk [kksa dk ds ldrA jktk ds bu xquu dhij'kalk fnYyh ds ck'klk yks ikSaph ds brs lksuksa cjlks lks ck'klk vius Qkst ikVslsr Ånu'kk; ds brs iksapks iS Ånu'kk; ds flikb;au us fdys ds Hkhrjba yM+cs dhiwjh rb;kjh dj yba taxk&taxk xqjtu iS rksisa yxk nba cM+s&cM+s xksynkt cSBkn;A fQj ,slks tqn~n Hk;s dh th eSnku iS nq'eu ds flikb grs Års ,sls xksyk fxjdS flikba;u d yRrk mM+ tkr rsA cM+s cw<+u dks dscks gs ds Ånu'kk; dh fot;Hkb iS ?kj ds Hksnh us musa gjck no gksrsA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlb b jgldh Hkud ijhos Hkksrb xqLlk Hk;A muusa Å Hksnh [kksa dSn dj yoA Å Hksnh lsa ea=h ls tc csj csjiwaNcs ds nq'eu fdrs gqb;s] rks os dsos dS fdys iS pM+r gqb;s] dcÅ dSos ds p<+s] rksdcÅ dSos ds fdys iS p<+ pqdks gqb;sA ,slh ckrsa lquds jktk Hkksr gals dk; ds muusvius ijksl ds jktk dh lSuk isyba cqyk ds vkSj ?ksj dsa ck'klk [kksa canck yc rksAdsr gsa ds th is blqj dh fdjik gksr gsa lks Ådks dksÅ dNw uba foxkM+ ldrA

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,d jktk rs] muds yjdk ,d rksa muus lsph eSusa dksb rhjr uba dh lkjrhcksys dsyjdk fl;kuk gks xvksA jktikV yjdk [kksa lkSai nsA vki rhjrksa dksa pystkoA jktk pys x;A tks [ksrh ds gjk;rs euk; tkr gSaA cxhpk esa dksgy cksyhAjktk dks yjdk cksyks ds tks dkSu tkuoj gSa cksys ds dksgy gS tk ,ds cksys lsa dkgksr gSa ,ds cksys lsa cM+k lqHHk gksr gSa tsdks tks dNq iqUu djus gks; rks lqHHk gksrgSa jktk ds yjdk us [ktkusa ls iblk fudkj dsa xjhcksa [kksa noA firkth muds rhrksals vk;A mrs ds xjhc cM+s vktkn gks d;A tc jktk vk; rks muus [ktkaph lsfglkcyoA rqEgkjs yjdk us ftuks ls iblk fudkj dsa xjhcksa [kksa ck¡V noA jktk usa12 lky ds ykusa yjdk [kksa ns'k ls fudkj noA tc yjdk pykS] dksb dijk uba]dksb ?kksjk uba] iSny fudkj noA dksgyk cksyks , dksgy rsa iki dh Hkkxh gSa rsa mnukdÅ¡ usa cksyrh rks jktk dks yjdk ?kj lsa usa fudkjks tkrksA dksgy us dksgyk ls dghds geko iki nwl dSlsa gqb;sA dksgyk cksyks 12 lky rsa lax ns tc rqekjsa iki nwjgqb;sA dksgy bLoj dh uk¡o ysads cksyh blqj gesa ekuqLk tksuh nsA dksgy us bruhdsrksa ck lrjk lky dh yjduh gks xbA Å yjdk ds fyaxk iksaphA Hkb;k dgk¡ tk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 319

j;s gks \ gek; cki usa ?kj lsa fudkj gesa ?kj lsa ck;js dj noA yjduh cksyh Hkb;klaxs yqvk; pyksA ge rqesa uba rqvk; tk j;s laXxsaA rqek; ckjs vk tSgsa rks gesaijslkuh gqb;sA ckb cksyh ds ge rqesa ckjk lky lax nSgsaA tc nksb pys ,d ckojhds fyaxk ,d isM+ks grks vksds Nk¡;js esa nksb cSB x;A dq¡vk¡ esa lk¡i eSanjs dksa yhyosds ykus Vbr fj rksA ,sus tc ns[kksa rks buus vius tk¡x dks ek¡l fudkj dsa ckcjhesa Mkj noA ljQ vksds [kwu [kksa lwlu yxks brusa esa esanjs usa Hkx yoA tc viuherkb da ikSpks ds vkt gek;s izku cp x;sA vjs csVk rqr rks iki ds Hkkxh gks x;scks yjdk ckjk lky ds ykusa nsl ls fudkjks xvks gSA tc ckS xSy fuxgS rks vksdsxksM+s nq[k gSaA eSnjks cksyks dSa erkjh gekj iki dSlsa nwj gqb;sA ckjk lky lax ns]rqekvks iki gy gks tSgsaA yksViksV dsa eSnjkas cjmxk cu xoA tc jktk ds yjdk dsfyaxk iksapksA rqe dk¡ tk j; gks Hkb;kA ge Hkb;k nsl dh fpark [kkSa tk j;s gSaA eSnjksacksyks gesa yqvk; pyksa Hkb;k ge ckjk lky lax nSgsaA lji viuh ekrk ds iksapksaAvkt rks ekrk esa HkSr vkuan esa gSaA dk; csVkA eanjksa [kksa Vj~j j; rs] ,d xSyjs usviuks ek¡l m[kkj dsa Mkj no ckojh esa vjs csVk cM+s iki ds Hkkxh gks x; rqeA Åyjdk ckjk lky ds ykusa Å [kksa nsl fudkjks gSa] ekrk gekjks iki dSlsa gy gqb;sAtko csVk ckjk lky lax nsA 'kcj lsa uko ysdsa ljQ ekUl gks xoA yjdk ds ikliksapksa vkSj os pkjÅ¡ feydS vk¡xsa pysA mu pkjb;u usa Å yjdk dh ckjk lkys HkkSr lgk;rkdjh vkSj m;s var esa jktikV nqvk dsa os rhuba tusa viuh viuh tksuh esa pys x;sA

lwpd Øekad & 15Jh iz;kxnkl nqcs] Mqej] ftyk &neksg] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 16lwpd Øekad & 16lwpd Øekad & 16lwpd Øekad & 16lwpd Øekad & 16

ekfyd esa vi<+k gksa dk dj ldr gksaA tks dNq iqjkus yksxksa ls lquh gS cbge dr gSaA cCck dsr rs dS x<+iSjk ds jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksr vPNs grsA tks cqansy[k.MgS brs dksÅ jtokM+ks uba grks jktk Ånu'kk; cM+s /kekZRek grsA ijes'oj [kksa ispkurrsaA vc rks jktu usa /kje [kks /kksdsa ih yo gSaA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[khu grksA iztk dh cÅ fcfV;u [kksa jktk viuh cÅ fofV;k ekur rsA >wBh cksycsckjs dh cs thHk [khpck ysr rsA cw<+s cPpk Å¡p uhp lcb ls izse lsa feyr rsA mudsiqUu izrki ls iztk lq[kh jr rhA ,d csjka os vius fdys dh HkaV iS BkM+s grsA pkjÅrjQ ns[k j;rs brus esa eksrhrky esa lijb ,d vkSjr is jktk dh utj ijhA utjds ijrba Å[kksa xkyh ls yxh cksys jke jke bu vka[kksa dks ,slks uba ns[kus grksA nks

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 320

lwtsa eaxck dsa viuh nksb vka[ksa Qksj ybaA tSls dsa muus vka[ksa Qksjha Hkxoku us[kq'kgksdsa muis lksuh dh cjlk dj nbA ,sls ekuql /kU; gSa tks brus pfjrcku gSaA mudhvka[ksa tSlh dh rSlb gks xbaA muus fQj iqUu /kje djksA iztk [kksa muus Hkksr lq[khcukcA fo/kkrk dh xrh [kksa dNw uba dS ldsaA jktk ds bu xquu dh iz'kalk fnYyhds ckn'kk; uks ikaphA Ånu'kk; ds brs lksaus dh cjlk Hkb ckn'kk; viuh QkSts ysdsaÅnu'kk; ds brs iksapksaA Ånu'kk; ds lSfudksa us Hkhrjba yM+os dh rS;kjh dj ybgrhA txka txka xqjt isa rksisa yxk nba rhaA cM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBk n; rs fQj ,slhyM+kb Hkb fd ts eSnku iS 'k=q dh QkSt grh ds mrs ,sls xksyh fxjs ds flikb;ksa dsyRrk mM+ x;sA

cM+s yksxksa dks dscks gS dS Ånu'kk; thr xo ij ?kj dks Hksnh musa gjok nsrksAÅnu'kk; [kksa tSlsdh b ckr dks irks pyks os Hkksr xqLlk Hk; muusa Hksnh [kksa cUnhcuk;kA Å Hksnh lsa ckj&ckj tc iwaN j; rs dS nq'eu fdrs gqb;s rks oks dsr rks dsfys iS p<+ jo gqb;sA dHkh dsr rks ds fdys iS p<+sxkA dHkh dsr rksa ds fdys iS p<+pqdksa gqb;sA Hksnh dh ,slh ckrsa lquda jktk Hkksr g¡lksA jktk us viuh nhoku [kksa Hkstdsa ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqyk yb rhA nksuksa rjQ ls ?ksj ds okn'kk [kksa cUnh cukyo rksA ft isa b'oj dh d`ik gksr gS Ådks dksb dNw foxkM+ uba ldrA

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pkj Hkb;k grs rks os fcxj cki erkb ds grsA rhu dh 'kknh gks xba rha ,ddh 'kknh uba Hkb grhA cs vius esur etwjh djr rsA dqN fnu esur etwjh djrdjr gks x;A ,d fnuka mudks cM+ks Hkb;k cksyksa ge rks U;kjs gks j;A rks e>yksHkb;k cksyks ds ge Hkh gks j;A eqgYyk cLrh ds cksys dkjs rqe U;kjs gks j; rks b gYds[kksa jksVh dks ns;A db ,d dke djksa fd tks ,d,d fnuksa rhub Hkb;ksa ds [ks;A ,dfnuka xo ltyh Hkkstkb ds] HkkHkh eks; dysck ns nksA HkkHkh cksyh d ruud tks vkaxuyhics jo gS] fQj ns jbA cks dsu yxksa ds rwa rks tYnh ls tYnh nsa eksdksaA ltyhHkkStkb cksyh dh dkSu rqesa csyk dh dyh vk jb gs ls cM+s ?kksM+k iS p<+s vk x; ÅusaxM+b /kjdsa cks mrs ls vk xoA vkSj cks ck;jsa py no fQj Åus ,d egkRek dh èkwuhVkjhA egkRek us iwaNh ds rw dNq Hkh ekax ys rc Åus csyh dh dyh ekaxh ck;s csykdh dyh lkr leqanj ikj feyh vkSj cks [kq'kh [kq'kh ?kjs vkoA

lwpd Øekad & 16Jh /khjk] canjkoBks] rglhy & dqjokb] fofn'kk] e-iz-

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 321

lwpd Øekad & 17lwpd Øekad & 17lwpd Øekad & 17lwpd Øekad & 17lwpd Øekad & 17

ekfyd eSa vui<+ vkneh gksa] dk dj ldr gSaA cw<+s iqjkus yksxu ls lquh gSck;s dgr gSaA ckck dgkrS ds x<+igjk ds jktk cgksr vPNs vkneh FksA th rkscqansy[kaM gS b;k¡ iSys dksÅ jtokM+ks grks ub;ksaA Ånu'kk; cM+s /kekZRek FksA osijes'oj dks Hkksr ekurSA vktdy dsjktu us /keZ /kks; ds ih yoA jktk Ånu'kk;ds jkt esa dksÅ nq[kh uba jgrksA iztk dh cÅ fofV;usa dksa jktk viuh eka csVh dhukba ekurSA >wB cksycs okju~ dh yhHk f[kpok; ysrSA cw<+k cPpk Å¡p uhp flcrsa izselas feyrSA mudsa iqUu izrki rsa iztk lq[kh jgkrhA ,d csj fdys dh nhoky iS [kM+sns[k j;rs ds brusa esa eksrhrky iS ,d tuha ugk; jb is fuxk ijhA fuxk ijrb xksyhlh yxhA vkSj cksys jke jke bu vk¡[ku dksa ,slks ns[kks pb;s ;saA vkSj cksys nks lqbaY;ko vkSj lqb eaxk; ds nksÅ vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA lkph >wBh rks ns[kcs ckjs tkurSa ijlquh lqukb dgr gSaA tSlb fcuusa lqb ls vk¡[ksa QkSjh ds [kq'k gSo das Hkxoku us lksausdh cjlk dj nbA /kUu gS ,sls vknfe;ksa dksa ds cs brus pfj=oku gS vkSj jktk dhvka[ksa tSlh dh rSlh g~oS xbaA fQj fcuusa /kje iqUu djks vkSj turk dks lq[kh cukoAb'cj dh xfr dks tku ldr gSA jktk ds bu xquksa dh iz'kalk fnYyh ds ckn'kkgrd iksap xbA ds Ånu'kk; ds brs p<+b dj nbA ysfdu Ånu'kk; dh QkSt usafdys Hkhrjb yM+cs dh iwjh rS;kjh dj ybA BkSj&BkSj iS cqtksZa iS rksisa yxok; nbaAcM+s&cM+s xksyankt cSBkn~n;A fQj ,slh yM+kb Hkb ds eSnku esa xksyk fxjSa lc QkStds yRrk ls mM+r fn[kkosaA

cw<+s iqjkus dgr gSa ds Ånu'kk; thr rks x; ysfdu ?kjS ds Hksnh us gjok; n;gksr;A Ånu'kk; dksa tSlba ekywe ijh cksrb xqLlk Hko vkSj Hksnh;s cUn djck;s noAtc Hksnh ea=h ls csj csj iwNksa xo ds nq'eu dgk¡ gks;xks rc cw dgr rks ds fdySiSa p<+ jo gks;xks] dcÅ¡ dgr rks ds fdys iS p<+ pqdksa gks;xks] dcÅ¡ dgs ds fdySiS p<+sxksA jktk Hksnh dh ,slh ckrsa lqudsa cgksr g¡ls dk;lsa ds fcuusa viuh nhokusaHkstdsa f<axk ds jktk dh QkStsa cqyk; yba vkSj nksÅ yax lsa ?ksj ds jktk dksa cUnhcuk; yoA dgr gSa ds tk iS b'oj dh d`ik gksr gS ckdks dksÅ dNw u fcxkjldrA

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,d csj ,d Bkdqj us caxyk cuckvks NS% lkr dksfj;k etwjh iS vk; igysacxyk dkS BkV cuksa fQj ckds Åij ?kkl ¼Qwl½ frjkS fQj ckrjsa c/kh ckds ckn

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 322

frorjh c/ku yxh dksfj;u uSa lksph th Bkdqj rkS tkusa ds cSj ckrjsa c/kok;xkS Bkdqj?kj esa ?kqls brusa eksa dksfj;k Hkkftx, tc csb dksfj;k ,d'kky okfn cb jLrk fudjsfcuusa cb txg iS ns[kks dh caxyk Nfo jgks gS vkil esa dgku yxs viqu vPNs j;sfd Hkftx, ugha rks 'kky fo/ks jkgr rsA

lwpd Øekad & 17Jh jtuflag rksej] fuokth dk uqjk] eqjSuk] ftyk & eqjSuk] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 18lwpd Øekad & 18lwpd Øekad & 18lwpd Øekad & 18lwpd Øekad & 18

ekyd eSa vui<+ vkneh dk dl ldr gSaA tks dNq iqjkus vkneksa lsa lquksa gSalks vkidks lquk; nsr gSaA ckck dgrS x<+igjk ds jktk Hkksr cf<+;k vkneh grSA tkscqansy[kaM gS brs igysa dksuÅ¡ jtokMks us grksA jktk Ånu'kk; cM+S /kjekRek grSAHkxoku dksa tku grSA vc rks jkt us /kje dksa /kksdsa ih yo gSaA jktk Ånu'kk; dsjkt esa dksÅ nq[kh uba grksA iztk dh cgw fcfV;u dksa viuh cgw fcfV;u tSls ekUrgrSA >wB cksyos okjs dh os thHk [kSap ySr;A cw<+s okjs Å¡p uhp lcds y; izse lsfeyr grSA muds iq.; izrki ls lq[kh grhA ,dckj os viuh ifn~n;k iS [kM+s grSApkjksa rjQ ns[k j; FksA fd brus esa eksrhrky esa lijjb ,d tuha isa utj ijhA utjiM+rksab muds xksyh lh yxhA cksys jke jke ,slks dcÅ¡ uba ns[kks pb;sA fcuusa lqbae¡xk; viuh nksÅ vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA >wBh lkaph rks ns[kos okjs tkusa ge rksa lquha lquhacrkÅr gSaA tSlsb fcuus vk¡[ksa Qksjh muiS b'oj us lksuksa cj"kkoA /kUu gSa ,slsvknfe;u dksa tks ,sls pfj=oku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[k tSlh dh rSlb g~o xbaA fcuusfQj /kje iqUu djksa iztk dks lq[kh dn~noA b'oj dh xfr dks dksÅ u tkUrA dsjktk xq.ku dh iz'kalk fnYyh ds ckn'kkg ykSa iksaphA ds Ånu'kk; ds brsa lksuksa cLlksagSA ckn'kkg viuh QkSt ysds jktk ds brs ikSapsA ijUrq Ånu'kk; ds lSfudksa usHkhrjb yM+os dh rS;kjh dj ybA fQj ,slh yjkb Hkb dSa tksau txka iS nq'eu dhQkSt grh mrs ,sls xksyk fxjs ds flikb;u ds >Uuk mM+ x;sA

cM+s vkneh dSj; ds Ånu'kk; tho xo ij ?kj ds Hksnh u gjok; no gksrsAtc Ånu'kk; dksa tk ckr dks irk pykS rks oks cM+ks xqLlka HkoA okusa Hksnh pqxy[kksjdksa cUn dj yoA ok Hksnh ea=h lks tc csj csj iwNks tk; jc grks dS nq'eu fdrSgks;xks oks dg jo grks dS fdys iS p<+ jo gks;xksA dcgqa dkr rks ds fdys iS p<+sxksAdcÅ¡ dkr p<+ pqdk gks;xkA Hksnh dh ,slh ckrs lquds jktk [kwc galksA dk; lksa

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 323

ds cku vius f<axk ds jktk dh lsuk nhoku dks Hkstds cqyk; ybrh vkSj cksj nksÅyax ?ksjds jktk dks HksaM yo grksA dkr gSa ds tk iS b'oj dh d`ik gksr gS mldhdksÅ dNq u fcxkj ldr gSA

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,d lwjk j;] ,d cgjk] ,d yaxM+k] ,d uaxk j; vkSj ,d ywyk j;A ts lcjspkjÅ ik¡p pksjh djos dks fudjsA tc lqukj ds njokts ds ikl iksaps rks va/kks cksyrkg ds #d tko lc tusa dS gesa dksÅ fn[kkb ns joA rks brusa esa cgjk cksyks ds [kj[kj dh vkokt rks geÅ¡ vk; jb gS rks ywyk cksyks vku nS nks&nks gkFk mM+saxsA brusaeSa yaxM+k cksyksa ds Hkt yS budks dNw fo'okl ukba rks uaxk cksyksa dk yqVokb nso dkfey tqj dSaA

lwpd Øekad & 18Jh ljuke ckcw 'kekZ] beysaMk] fiM+kSjk] ftyk & fHk.M] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 19lwpd Øekad & 19lwpd Øekad & 19lwpd Øekad & 19lwpd Øekad & 19

lkc esa vi<+ vkneh gksa dk ds ldr tks dNw eSaus cw<+s yksxu lsa lquks gS ck;sdrA cCck crkÅ;r rs jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksr vPNs grsA tks cqUnsy[kaM gS fg;k¡ iSysadksuÅ¡ jkt uba grksA jktk Ånu'kk; HkkSr /kjekRek grSA Hkxoku [kksa tkur rsA vcrks jktu us /kje dkS lR;kukl dj MkjksA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksÅ ijs'kkuuba grksA turk dks cÅ fcfV;u [kksa jktk viuh erkb fcfV;u dh rjS ekur rsA>wBh cksyos okju dh thHk f[kpok ysrs rsA cw<+s cPpk gYds cM~Ms lcÅ lsa os izse lsafeyr rsA muds iqUu ijrki lsa turk pSu esa grhA ,d nQs os vius fdys dh HkhriSa BkM+s rs] dS bRrs esa eksrhrky esa lijr Hkb ,d tuha ds Åij jktk dh ufxk iksaph]ns[kruba muas xksyh lh yxhA jke jke dSdsa du yxs tS vk¡[ku dk ,slks ns[kus pb;sAnks lwtsa fy;ko vkSj do tkr gS ds fcuus viuh nksÅ vk¡[ksa lwtu ls Qksj ybaAlPph >wBh rks ns[kos okjs tkur gqb;sa ij lquh lquk;h crk joA dS tSlb muusa lwtsaeaxok dsa vka[ksa Qksjh Hkxoku us [kqlh gksds fcu iS lksus dh cjlk dj nbA ,slsvkneu [kksa /kUu gS tks vkpju ds brsd iDds grsA jktk dh vka[ksa tSlh grha oSlbgks xbaA fQj muusa iqUu /kje djks vkSj ijtk [kksa Hkksrb lq[kh cuko bZ'oj dhxfr[kksa dNq uba ds ldrA jktk ds bu xquu dh cM+kb fnYyh ds ckl'kk yks iksaph ds

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 324

Ånu'kk; ds uka lksus dh cjlk HkbA ckl'kk viuh QkSt QkaVs ds laxs Ånu'kk; dsuk iksapksaA ysfdu Ånu'kk; ds flikba;u us fdys Hkhrjb yM+os dh rS;kjh iwjh djybA BkSj BkSj iS xqjtu iS rksisa yxok nbaA cM+s cM+s rksiph cSBjok n;A fQj ,slhyM+kb Hkb ds tkSau eSnku esa nq'eu dh QkStsa grha] mrs ,sls xksyk fxj j; grs ds mrsflikba;u ds yRrk ls mM+ j; rsA

cw<+s yksxu dks dScks gS ds Ånu'kk; thr x;s grsA ysfdu tc musa irks pyksds ?kjb ds Hksnh us mus gjok no gksrks rks os Hkksrb xqLlk Hk; vkSj ck;s idjok dsacUnh cuk yoA ck Hksnh ea=h ls tc csj csj iwNks tk jo rks ds nq'eu dk gqb;s rksckS dr rks ds fdys iS pM+ jo gqb;sA dcÅ¡ dr rks fdys is p<+ gs rks drÅ¡ drrks fdys i p<+ xvks gqb,A ckdh ,slh ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwcb g¡ls dk; ls muusviuba nhoku [kksa Hkt ds djds ds jktk dh Qkst cqyk yb grh vkSj nksÅ rjQ ls?ksj dsa ck'klk [kksa cUnh cuk yo grksA db tko ds tkSau is Hkxoku dh esjckuh gksrchdks dksb dNw uba fcxkj ldrA

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,d isM+s iS ,d fpjS;k dks ?ksalqvk /kjks rksA ck esa ckds cPpk grs vkSj cks isM+ksaxSy ds djdsaba grksA cb xsy lsa jkstkuk ,d gkFkh dM+r rksA oks ck isM+s esa VDdjekjr tkr rks thlsa cs cPpk fgy tkr rsA fcpkjh fpjS;k 'kke dsa viuh fpjok dvkcs is ok lsa dr rhA rks fpjok usa ck lsa crkb dS rsa ckds ?kjs tkdsa gruha lsa Åjkuksans vkb;sA vkSj dS vkb;s ds vkLrs lsa le; tk¡; rks vPNh ckr uba rks yksxu&yksxufcn tS;rks dBk lh QwBk tS;A tSlh ck usa lquh rSlb tkdsa gruha [kksa lquk nbAgruh lqu dsa xqLlk esa yky gks xbA du yxhA cM+ks rso yksx ykr /kj ns; rks rSau rso yksx u rso cPpk lcdh pVuh cV ts;sA cM+h vkb mjkuka nsos ckjh] gV tklsaAfcpkjh fpjS;k jksmr Hkx vkb vkSj vkdsa lcb foFkk fpjok [kksa lqukbA fpjok usa dbvkt rxsa pqu ds ykusa pyh tk eSa ns[krA Vse lsa fQj gkrh vko vkj VDdj ekjhAfpjok mM+ks lwaM ds Nsn esa gksadsa fnekx esa py xo vkSj Hkhrj dkVu thVu yxksAthlsa gkrh ds izku xM~M cM~M gkSus yxsA csgks'k lks gksds fxj xo vkSj fpYY;kuyxksA fpYy;kVks lqu dsa gruh nkSjh vkbA ysfdu ckdh let esa dNw uk vk; dsdk djkSaA gkrh lsa iwNsa Hkh rks oks ekjs rdyhQ ds dNw crk Hkh u ik;saA tc ckdhle> esa vkb ds fpj;k dks dNw djks dje rks ub;k rc rd fpjS;k Hkh vk xb ns[krub gFkuh ckds ikou esa ykSV xb vkSj gkFkh [kksa cpkos d ykus fourh djks rks fpjS;k

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 325

du yxh dS geus db rs dS tk fnuk yksxu fcn tS;s rks dBk lh QV ts;sA gruhdh fourh iS vkf[kj fpjS;k us fpjok [kksa cqyk yoA Å fnuk ls gkFkh us ck xSyb NkSM+nbA db tkr gS dS ljh fcjckb ns[kdsa ckis ykr iu /kjks uba rks gks ldr dkauÅ¡ljks dk¡Vks yx ldrA

lwpd Øekad & 19Jh izHkqn;ky fnudj] ljlb] HkkaMsj] ftyk & Xokfy;j] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 20lwpd Øekad & 20lwpd Øekad & 20lwpd Øekad & 20lwpd Øekad & 20

ekyd esa vi<+ vkneh dk dg ldr gksa] ij tks dNw eSaus iqjkus yksxu ls lquhaÅ;s dSr gksaA nn~nk dr grs ds x<+iSjk ds jktk Ånu'kk; Hkksrb vPNs grsA tkscqansy[kaM gS] brs iSysa dkSuÅ¡ jtokM+ks uba grksA jktk Ånu'kk; cM+s /kekZRek grsijes'oj [kksa phur rsA vc rks jktu~ us /kje [kksa /kksds ih yo gSA jktk Ånu'kk;dsjkt esa dksauÅ¡ nq[kh uba grksA iztk dh cgw csVh ,sa] jtk viuh erkb] fcfV;k ekurgrsA ykch dgcs ckjs dh os thc f[kpok ysr grsA cw<+s] ckjs] Å¡p] uhp lcb lsa osizse lsa feyr grsA ,d csj cs vius fdys dh HkhB iS BkMs grsA pkjÅ¡ vksj ns[kr rsdS brsd esa eksrryk esa ygk; jgh ,d vksjr iS latksx lsa jktk dh fuxk ijh fuxkds ijrba musa xksyh lh yxhA cksys jke&jke bu vk¡[kksa [kksa ,slks uba ns[kus grks vkSjnks lwtksa ls viuh nksÅ vk¡[ksa Qksj ybaA lk¡ph >wBh rks ns[kcS okjs tkusa eSa rks lquhlqukb dSr gksaA dS tSlb muusa vk¡[ksa Qksjha] Hkxoku us [kq'kh gksadsa mu iS lksuksa cj"kkoA/kUu gSa ,sls vkneh tks brsd pfj=oku gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa tSlh dh rSlb gks xbaAvksusa fQj iqUu /kje djks vkSj iztk dks lq[kh cukoA fof/k dh xrh [kksa dNw uba dsldrA jktk ds bu xq.kksa dh izlalk fnYyh dh ckn'kk; rd iksaph dS jktk Ånu'kk;ds brs lksusa dh cj"kk Hkb] ckn'kk; viuh QkSt ySdsa Ånu'kk; ds brs ikSapksaA iSÅnu'kk; ds lSfudksa us isyba ls fdys ds Hkrhjb yjos dh rS;kjh dj yb grhA txstxs xqjt iS rksisa yxk nba cM+s cM+s xksyankt cSBk n;] fQu ,salh yjkb Hkb dS tkSaueSnku is nq'eu dh Qkstsa grha] mrs ,sls xksyk fxjs ds nq'eu ds yRrk mM+ x;sA

cM+s yksx dSr gSa ds Ånu'kk; thr x; grs iS ?kj ds Hksfn;k usa vksdksa gjokno gksrksA Ånu'kk; [kksa tSlb tks Hksn dkS irkS pykS] cks Hkksr xqLlk HkvkSA vksaus ÅHksfn;k ea=h [kksa cUnh cukoA Å Hksnh ea=h lsa tc csj&csj iwNh tk jbrh dS nq'eufdrs gqb;s cks dSr rks dS fdys iS p<+ jo gqb;s] dcÅ¡ dSr rks dS fdyS iS p<+sxks vkSj

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 326

dcÅ¡ dSr rks dS fdyS iS p<+ pqdks gq,;sA Hksnh dh ,slha ckrsa lqudsa jktk [kwcba g¡lksdk;s dS vksus vius nhoku [kksa Hkstdsa ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqykb grh vkSj nks rjQls ?ksj dsa ckn'kk; [kksa canh cuk yo grks dSr gSa dS tkSaau iS b'oj dh d`ik gksr gSckdks dksÅ dNw uba fcxkj ldrA

lwpd Øekad & 20Jh eqjyh/kj frokjh] djsyh] ftyk & ujflagiqj] e-iz-

lwpd Øekad & 21lwpd Øekad & 21lwpd Øekad & 21lwpd Øekad & 21lwpd Øekad & 21

ekyd esa vIi<+ vkneh D;k dj ldrk gw¡] ij gka tks dqN Hkh eSaus iqjkus yksxksals lquk gS mlh dks dgrk gw¡A cqM~<k yksxu dk dguk gS fd x<+igjk x<+ ds jktkÅnu'kk; cgqr vPNs FksA ;g cqansy[k.M gSA ;gk¡ igys dksb jtokM+k ugha Fkk jktkÅnu'kk; cM+s iqUukRek FksA Hkxoku dks fipkurs FksA vc rks jktkvksa us iqUu /kje dksih Mkyk gS] [kre dj Mkyk gSA jktk Ånu'kk; ds jkt esa dksb nq[kh ugha grkAiztk dh cgq csfV;ksa dh jktk bTtr djrk FkkA >qV~Bk cksyus okyksa dh jktk thHkdkV ysrk FkkA cqM~<k] cPPk] ÅPpk] fuPpk lc ls jktk izse lsa feyrk FkkA ,d ckjjktk fdys dh HkhaV ij [kM+k Fkk fd eksrh uke ds rkykc esa vkax /kks jgh ,d L=hij utj iM+h] mudks /kDdk yxkA cksys f/kDdkj gS bu vk¡[kksa dks bl izdkj ughans[kuk Fkka lPpk >qV~Bk rks ns[kus okys tkurs gSa ij lquh dgha ckrksa ls irk pyrkgS fd jktk us lwtsa eaxk dj viuh vk¡[ksa QksM+ yh FkhA mu jktk us ftl c[kr viuhvk¡[ksa QksM+h Hkxoku us izlUu gksdj lqUuk cjlk;kA bl izdkj ds vknfe;ksa dks /kU;gS] tks brus pfj=okys gSaA jktk dh vk¡[ksa igys tSlh gks xb muus fQj ls vPNs dkefd;s iqUu fd;s vkSj iztk dks cgqr lq[kh cuk;kA HkkX; dh pky dks dksb ugha le>ldrk jktk ds bu xq.kksa dh cM+okjh fnYyh okys cknlk ds ;gk¡ rd igq¡ph fdÅnu'kkg ds ;gk¡ lqUuk cjlkA cknlk viuh QkSt ds lkFk Ånu'kkg ds jktigqapkA ij Ånu'kkg ds lSfudu usa fdys ds Hkhrjb Hkhrjb yM+us dh rS;kjh dj yhAtxs&txs cqtZ esa rksisa yxkba vkSj cM+s&cM+s xksyk nkxusokjs fcBk fn;sA vkSj bldsckn bl izdkj yjkb gqb fd nqLeuksa ds yRrk mM+ x;sA

cqM~<k yksx dgrs fd mn~nu'kkg thr x;s ij pqxyh djus okys vkneh usmudks gjk fn;k gksrk Ånu'kkg dks tSls gh bl pqi ckr dk irk pyk og cgqrukjkt gqvk mlus pqxyh djus okys dks dSn fd;kA ml pqxyh djus okys ls

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 327

ckj&ckj ;s iw¡Nk tk jgk Fkk fd nq'eu dgk¡ ij gksxk rks og dHkh dgrk fdys ijp<+sxk] dHkh dgrk fd p<+ pqdk gksxk] dHkh dgrk p<+ jgk gSA Hksnh dh ckrsa lqudjjktk cgqr g¡lk D;ksafd mlds ikl ds jktk dh lsuk cqykdj cknlk dks idM+ fy;kFkkA dgrs gSa ftl ij Hkxoku [kql jgrk gS] mldk dksb vkneh dNq ugha fcxkjldrkA

dgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuhdgkuh

,d jktk ds pkj iq= FksA cM+s yM+ds dk uke /kjek igkM+ FkkA fuR; jkstviuk ,d lwck nku djus dk mldk /kUnk FkkA cgqr jkst rd ds nku djrs Hk;svkf[kj jkst muds ?kj&?kj esa fojks/k gksus yxkA ?kj Hkkbu&Hkkbu esa fojks/k gksus yxkfd ;s gj jkst nku djrs gSa vkSj dpsjh esa U;k; djrs gSa vksj budk dksb /kank ughagsA brusa Hkkbu esa fojks/k djds dksb /kank ub djus dk rc jktk us ns[kk fd vc fojks/k gks x;k gekjs ?kj esa vc pyks viqu fudj ds cuokl gks vk;s vc pyrs&pyrsjktk ds ikl tks /ku vk;k Fkk jktk ds ikl mudks Hkh nku djrk pykA vkf[kj esajktk ds ikl dksb pht ugha jgkA nku djus ds fy;sA jktk us viuh jkuh dks ijVj[k fn;k ogk¡ ls dksb xYyk ikuh fy;k fQj jktk dk nku djuk pkyw jgkA fuR;jkstA vc pyrs&pyrs cgqr nwj fudy x;s ikuh fi;u dq¡vk ds ikl x;s tc ikuhdks ns[k jgs Fks ,d lqukj ,d dksY;gk ¼yM+S;k½ 'ksj Hkh fn[kk mlds dgk ;gk¡ rksrhu tu iM+s gSa esa ikuh dSls ih;qa rks vanj ls oks rhuksa us vkokt yxkb fd Hkb;kgesa fudky yksaA buusa dgk fd eSa dSls fudky ldrk gw¡ igys lqukj dk fudkjk fQjckn esa dksY;k dks fudkjk] nksuksa us feydj fQj 'ksj dks fudkjk vc pkjksa tu ogk¡jg pysA dksY;gk vkSj 'ksj rks taxy dh jkLrk idM+ ds Hkkx x;sA lqukj vkSj /kjekigkM+ jgk nksuksa lkFk esa pys rks tgk¡ lqukj jgrk Fkk ogk¡ igq¡pkA vc lqukj ds ;gk¡nks pkj fnu jg pqdk ,slk djrs& djrs pan jkst fcrk;s vkSj ogk¡ ls jktk ds ;gk¡ukSdjh yx x;sA vc tc dke iSa pyk rks mudks HkSlh pjkus dk dke yx x;kAvc Hksalh pjkrs&pjkrs cgqr fnu chr x;sA dksY;gk feyk taxy esa mudh tkuigpku fQj gks x;hA cksyk cgqr fnuu ckn feys vkvks cSBks fQj nks yky fn;kmlds yky idM+k vkSj ?kj vk;kA rhljs jkst 'ksj feyk 'ksj ls Hkh fipku HkbA rqeftruk pkgks tsoj tqM+o ys tkvks vc ;s viuk ?kj eqgjk j[k ds Hksalh cka/k fn;kAvc ,d fnu jktk dh yM+dh oks yky dks ns[k ds vius ?kj pyh xb vkSj mlus?kj esa vius e¡Ms FksA oks yM+dh oks yky dks ns[k ds vius ?kj pyh xb vkSj mlus?kj esa vius ek¡ cki dks crk;k fd gekjs Hksalh okys ds ;gk¡ nks yky e¡Ms gSA brus

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 328

esa jktk us lksph fd ;s yM+dh D;k crk jg gSA vc Hksalh pjkus okys dwa cqyk;k oksiwaNu yxks fd& rwus yky dgk¡ ls yk;k dgk¡ ls yk;k Åds Åij tks chrh ckr FkhÅusa crk;k brusa esa yjdh us gB idM+h dh gekjk Lo;aoj gksuk pkfg;s vc jktkfopkj esa iM+k fd ukSdj ds lkFk dSls fo;kg nsaA vc uksdj dks cksyb;s fd nks ykyvkSj ykvks uba rks rksi dh VksaVh esa mM+k nsaxsA vc oks HkSalh pjkusa okyk ykSV ds vk;kvkSj cksyk dksY;gk ds ikl vkSj iwaNk fd Hkb;k nks yky vkSj ns nksA dksY;gk cksykfd eSa 'kadj th ikl ls yk;k gw¡ rw tkrk gS rks tk vc HkSalh dh 'kadj th ds iklx;kA 'kadj th cksys Hkxoku ds ikl ls yk;k gw¡] Hkxoku th cksys vc vk;s gks rksrhu BÅvk ys tkvksaA jktk ds ;gka vk;s jktk dks crk fn;s rks jktk us viuh yjdhgkj fn;k vc Lo;aoj jp fn;s mudh 'kknh gks pqdh cgqr fnu rd jktk ds iklyM+dh nkekn jgs ckn esa jktk us vk/kk /ku fn;kA ogk¡ ls /kjek igkM+ jgk cgqrfnuu esa tks cM+h jkuh dks ijV j[ks Fks oks nsl vk;s vkSj jkuh dks ijV NqM+k;s tcogk¡ ls pys rks vius ?kj esab; vk x;s vkSj [kk ih;s vkSj jkt fd;s dgkuh fgrhlks [kre gks xbA

lwpd ua- & 21uke & f'koyky jkgaxMkys] xzke & bankSjh] & vk"Vk] ftyk & flouh] e/;izns'k

lkjr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd cqUnsy[k.M dh lkaLd`frd] ,sfrgkfld]lkfgfR;d ijEijk,¡ vR;ar le`) gSa] ftudk cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa ij izHkko iM+kgSA lexz cqUnsy[k.M dk ewY;kadu cqUnsyh ds fofo/k :iksa ds vk/kkj ij gh laHko gSAbu fofo/k :iksa esa cqUnsy[k.M dh og vkRek fojkteku gS] tks cqUnsyh lekt vkSjlaLd`fr dh vyx igpku cukrh gSA cqUnsyh ds bu fofo/k :iksa dk Hkk"kk'kkL=h; v/;;u blfy;s Hkh vko';d Fkk fd vk/kqfud ehfM;k ds izHkko esa ,d i`Fkd~ Hkk"kkbZpsruk tUe ys jgh gS] tks dkykUrj esa yksdcksfy;ksa ds Lo:i dks foLe`r djk nsxhAdqy feykdj bl v/;;u ds ek/;e ls cqUnsyh dks lkaxksikax :i esa ijhf{kr gh ughafd;k tk ldrk] cfYd Hkk"kk'kkL= ds bfrgkl esa mls lajf{kr Hkh fd;k tk ldrkgSA

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 329

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ

iqLrda si qLrda si qLrda si qLrda si qLrda s

uxsUnz % fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl fnYyhjes'kpanz JhokLro % cqUnsy[k.M % lkfgfR;d] ,sfrgkfld] lkaLd`frd oSHko lanHkZ xzaFk] ckWnkMkW- d`".kyky gal % cqUnsyh vkSj mlds {ks=h; :i] iz;kx 1978MkW- yrk nqcs % cqUnsyh ds /ofuxr foHksnksa dk v/;;u] lkxj 1980MkW- d`".kyky gal % fuekM+h vkSj mldk lkfgR;] fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] iz;kx

izks- cyHknz frokjh cqUnsyh lekt vkSj laLd`fr] lqfiz;k izdk'ku] lkxj 1995

MkW- }kjdk izlkn feJ % Hkkjrh; vkn~; bfrgkl dk v/;;u 1972ia- Hkxo)r % Hkkjro"kZ dk o`gr~ bfrgkl okjk.klhizks- ,l-,e- vyh % nh T;ksxzkQh vkWQ iqjk.k] fnYyh 1971MkW- okxh'k 'kkL=h % cqUnsy[k.M dh izkphurk] cukjldkfynkl % es?knwr % dk'khMkW- foUls.V ,- fLeFk % vyhZ fgLVªh vkWQ bf.M;k] vkDlQksMZ 1924izks- gsepUnz jk; pkS/kjh % uUn;qxhu Hkkjr] lanHkZ % laiknd & ds-,uhyd.B 'kkL=h % uUnekS;Z ;qxhu Hkkjr] okjk.klh 1969ds- ekdZl ,dksuksfeDl vkSj fQyklQh esuqfLØIVl~ vkWQ 1844 eksldks] 1961if.Mr xksjsyky frokjh % cqUnsy[k.M dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] dk'kh laor 1990MkW- oklqnso fo".kq fejk'kh % dypqfj usj'k vkSj mudk dky] Hkksiky 1965okdkVd jktoa'k dk bfrgkl rFkk vfHkys[k 1979] ubZ fnYyhts-,Q- ¶ysV % dkjil bUlfØIlu bafMdsje okY;we 3] dydRrk 1988okV~VslZ] ;ksu pokax] oksy 2MkW- fxz;lZu % Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k % [k.M 9 % izdk'k fgUnh lfefr y[kuÅ] lwpuk foHkkx mRrjizns'kizks- cyHknz frokjh % cqUnsyh lekt vkSj laLd`fr izkphu ,oa e/;dkyhu lanHkZ lkxj 1995ia- gfjgj fuokl f}osnh % e/;Hkkjr dk bfrgkl izFke [k.M Xokfy;j] 1956ch-ch- yky % vkfdZ;ktkWth bu bf.M;k] fnYyh] 1965ch-ds- ?kks"k % fgLVªh ,.M dYpj vkWQ nh bf.M;u ihiqy [k.M 1ia- d`".knRr cktis;h % nh pkykdksfyfFkd dYpj vkWQ nh csrok csyh ¼vkfdZ;ktkWyhdy dkaxzsl,.M lsfeukj 1972½ e/;Hkkjrh,l-,u- pØorhZ % tuZy vkWQ jk;y ,f'k;kfVd lkslkbVh] caxky ¼1944½fMVSjk ,.M isVjlu % LVMht bu nh vkbl ,t bu bf.M;k ,.M ,lksf'k,VsM lqeu dyplZ¼okf'kxVu] 1939½MkW- ,u- etwenkj % jslst ,.M dYplZ vkWQ bf.M;kMkW- Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k; % izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] cukjlts- iqdtyLdh % tuZy vkWQ nh jk;y ,f'k;kafVd lkslk;Vh vkWQ xzsV fczVsu ,.M vk;jySaM] yanu 1939e/;Hkkjr] e/;izns'k] mRrjizns'k ds pEcy okys Hkkx,p-lh- jk; % tuZy vkWQ nh fcgkj ,.M mM+hlk fjlpZ lkslk;Vh] iVuk

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 330

,l-ds- pVthZ % ,- Mh- iqlkydj fgLVªh ,.M dYpj vkWQ nh bafM;u ihiqy] [k.M 1 1952 cacbZlrh'kpanz dkyk % eksgutksnjks rFkk fla/kq lH;rk] fnYyhds-,u- ifUudj % , losZ vkWQ bf.M;u fgLVªh] fnYyh,-ch- dhFk % fjyhtu ,.M fQykWlkQh vkWQ osn ,.M mikfu"kn~ Hkkx 2MkW- oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky % ikf.kuh dkyhu Hkkjr 1975 okjk.klhjke/kkjh flag fnudj % laLd`fr ds pkj v/;k;] jkedey izdk'ku] fnYyhch-th- xks[kys % izkphu Hkkjrnkeksnj /kekZuUn dkslEch % izkphu Hkkjr dh laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk 1965MkW- Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k; % Hkkjrh; lekt dk ,sfrgkfld fo'ys"k.kt;pUnz fo|kyadkj % Hkkjrh; bfrdkl dh :ijs[kk % Hkkx 1MkW- Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k; % Hkkjrh; lekt dk ,sfrgkfld fo'ys"k.kjes'k pUnznRr % izkphu Hkkjro"kZ dh lH;rk dk bfrgkl Hkkx 12f'kolgk; prqosZnh % lrh'kpUnz lkU;ky dh caxky iqLrd ij vk;Z tkfr vkfdZ;ktkthdy losZ % Hkkx 17jked`".k Hk.Mkjdj % bf.M;u dYpj Hkkx 6dk'khizlkn tk;loky % Qkfju bUQ~yq,U; bu ,U'kV bafM;kE;kSaj % vkSfjftuy laLd`fr VSDV~l,-,y- ck'ke % vn~Hkqr Hkkjr vuqoknjfrHkkuflag ukgj % izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd vkSj lkaLd`frd bfrgkl] ubZ fnYyh 1990,fixzkfQ;k bf.M;kia- d`".knRr cktis;h % lkxj Fkwz fn ,tst] lkxj 1964MkW- jek'kadj f=ikBh izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] 1968] iVukvkj- lh- etwenkj % ,'kaV fgLVªh vkWQ bf.M;k] 1962 iVukvycs:uh dk Hkkjr % vuqoknd&larjkelh-ch- oS| % fgLVªh vkWQ fgUnw esfMdy baf.M;k] Hkkx 2f'kolgk; prqosZnh % vk;Z tkfrd`".k feJ % izcks/k pUnzksn; vuq Vsyjds'koizlkn feJ % pansy vkSj mudk jktLo dky] foU/;Hkwfeia- yksdukFk flykdkjh % egkdfo txfud vkSj mudh yksd xkFkk dkO;] vkYgk] vfHkuo izdk'ku] lkxjMkW- cyHknz frokjh % dfooj fo".kqnkl vkSj mudh jkek;u dFkk] lkfgR; Hkou] bykgkcknjk/kkdey eqdthZ % Hkkjr dh laLd`fr vkSj dyk] iz;kxBkdqj y{e.k flag % vksjNk dk bfrgkl] >k¡lhd`".k dfo Jh ohj pfjrke`r] vizdkf'krvc/k fcgkjh ik.Ms;% mRrj e/; dkyhu Hkkjr] iz;kxvkj- ch- jlsy % nh VªbCt ,.M dkLV~l vkWQ nh lsUVªy izkfoUlst bafM;k] Hkkx 2,-ch- fLeFk % vyhZ fgLVªh vkWQ bafM;k] r`rh; laLdj.k] vkDlQksMZ 1957d`".kuan xqIrk % cqUnsyh dgkor dks'k] >k¡lhMkW- foylu % bfM;u dkLV Vkbi izsl ,.M eSllZ] CySd cqMJhikn ve`r Mkaxs % Hkkjr vkfn vkfne lkE;okn ls nkl izFkk rd dk bfrgklo- dsYys vkSj e- dksokytksu % ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn lekt ds ekDlZoknh fl)kar dh :ijs[kk]ekLdks lksfo;r :lMkW- lquhfr dqekj pkVqT;kZ % Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kk vkSj fgUnhMkW- ';kelqanj nkl % fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; okjk.klhMkW- ukeojflag % fgUnh ds fodkl esa viHkaz'k dk ;ksx okjk.klh

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 331

txnh'k izlkn dkSf'kd % Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa dk bfrgkldhfrZyrk % izFke iYyoMkW- n;kuan JhokLro % fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl % izFke [k.M xksj[kckuhvkpk;Z jkepUnz 'kqDy % fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl okjk.klhMkW- cyHknz frokjh % cqUnsyh yksd dkO;] Hkkx 2 cqUnsyh ihB] lkxjvfHkuo xqIr % Hkkjr ukV~; 'kkL= % 17@49&50MkW- jk/ks';ke f}osnh % fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; esa Xokfy;j {ks= dk ;ksxnku] Xokfy;jFks?kukFk % xhrk i|kuqokn] vk;Z Hkk"kk iqLrdky;] ukxjh izpfj.kh lHkk] dky'k ds lkStU; ls izkIrizfrA fo|keafnj eqj ¼Xokfy;j½ esa lqjf{kr gSA ¼e/;ns'kh;½ Hkk"kkMkW- f'koizlkn flag % lwjiwoZ cztHkk"kk fo fo izdk'ku] okjk.klhds'ko xzaFkkoyh % [k.M 1 okjk.klhcqUnsy oSHko % Hkkx 1 >k¡lhMkW- HkxhjFk feJ jhfrdkO; fo fo izdk'ku] okjk.klhMkW- jkedqekj oekZ % fgUnh lkfgR; dk vkykspukRed bfrgkl] iz;kxMkW- izse'kadj % jkedkO; vkSj rqylh ok.kh izdk'kud`".k nkl % cqUnsy[k.M ds dfo iwokZ)Z] iUuk 1968Jh mRreyky xksLokeh % egkdfo Jh xksjyky Hkkx 2Jh vEckizlkn JhokLro % v{kj vuU;] vkxjkcqUnsy oSHko % Hkkx 2 >k¡lhgfjlsod feJ % dke:i dFkk dkO;] Xokfy;jfgUnh lkfgR; dk vrhr] okjk.klhvkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh % fgUnh lkfgR;] okjk.klhizcks/k ipklkBkdqj % dfoRr laxzg]cqUnsy oSHko % Hkkx 3] >k¡lh';kelqanj ckny % cqUnsyh dk Qkx bfrgklgjukFk xzUFkkoyh] >k¡lhfdj.k nwr] nfr;kMkW- ,e-ih- tk;loky % , fyaxofLVdLVMh vkWQ cqUnsyh] gkWySaMy{ehpUnz uquk % cqUnsy[kaMh Hkk"kk O;kdj.k ,oa 'kCndks"k Hkwfedk] >k¡lhMkW- jkeLo:i JhokLro % cqUnsyh yksd lkfgR;] vkxjkMkW- jketh'kj.k nkaxh % >k¡lh ftys dh cksyh dk Hkk"kk 'kkL=h; v/;;ud`".kkuan xqIr % cqUnsyh[k.Mh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; >k¡lhMkW- ';kelqanj lkSufd;k % fHk.M ftys dh cksyh dk vuq'khyu] Xokfy;jMkW- deyukjk;.k nqcs % ujflagiqj ftys dh cqUnsyh[k.Mh cksyh dk ladkfyd v/;;uMkW- dkfeuh cqUnsyh Hkk"kh {ks= ds LFkku vfHk;kuksa dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u % Fkhfll Xokfy;j] 1985

MkW- dkfeuh vkapfyd LFkku vfHk/kku vuq'khyu] dkuiqj 1983

MkW- ';kefcgkjh JhokLor % cqUnsyh ds jklks dkO;] FkhfllMkW- lhrk fd'kksj] nfr;k ftys dh cksyh rFkk fgUnh ds loZuke] vO;; rFkk dkjdksa dk v/;;u] FkhfllMkW- nqxkZ izlkn JhokLro % Hkkjrh; lkfgR;ckcwjke lDlsuk % lkekU; Hkk"kk foKku] iz;kxMkW- jkes'oj izlkn vxzoky % cqUnsyh dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;uA fo'o fo- fgUnh izdk'ku y[kuÅ % 1963

’ÈãŒ‹Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ê·Ê ‡ÊÊSòÊ 332

MkW- x.ks'khyky th cq/kkSfy;k % izk/;kid Mh-,-ch- baVj dkyst jkB ls izkIr dgkuh dk va'kMkW- ';kelqanj lkSufd;k % Hknkojh dk Hkk"kk oSKkfud v/;;u

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