Cold War – Class 3 – Berlin –

Eastern Europe KGB VS CIA –

Spies and SpyingJoe Boisvert

Fall 2011 and Spring 2012

Soviet Union Caused Terror and Fear Behind Iron Curtain

KGB

Behind the Iron Curtain Including Berlin

The Berlin Wall Being Built

Check Point Charlie Sight of Many Close Confrontations during 28 Years Wall was in place

The Wall is 96 miles long The Wall was in place for 28 years Note: Before the wall was put in place

dividing east from west Berlin one east German was escaping to the west every three minutes.

This was causing a brain drain and a labor shortages in the east and the Wall was their solution to keep the people in the Eastern Zones of East Berlin.

Facts About the Wall

Very few people escaped by climbing the wall. It was well protected by 90,000 soldiers and

agents. There was a separate concrete wall on both

sides of the border with 60 to 90 yards of dead man land separating the two walls.

The area between the walls wee patrolled by dogs, guards, and over looked by watch towers.

The inter-core had man traps, barbed wires, search lights, and sand areas where footsteps could be observed.

Facts About the Berlin Wall

Hiding in convoy trucks, in cars under the floorboards and in trunks under boxes.

There were attempts and some successes in flying over the wall.

The most frequent method to escape was to bore a tunnel from a cellar in the east to a cellar in the west.

The biggest problem was informers. It was estimated that their were over 900,000

informers at any one time

The East Germans Never Lost Their Will and Continued to try and Escape for 28 Years- Ways to Escape

American Music British Music especially the Beatles Peace – Freedom and Love Hippie Posters American Propaganda or the Truth Voice of America Western Papers and Books Western Movies and TV

Things Forbidden in Eastern Europe

Against the Law in East Berlin

Voice of America

Voice of AmericaBroadcast the Truth Via the Radio Waves

Behind the Iron Curtain

Dark Legacy of East Germany's Secret Police

44444000Stasi 40 Years of

Terror90,000 to control 17

MillionSecret Files on Citizens of

Eastern Europe

They used Informers, Secret Jails, Physical and Psychological Torture

They could destroy private lives, keep you out of University, or refuse you a job – they controlled the lives of the East German Citizens

Secret Police

The West had all the consumer goods

The East had poor goods and severe shortages

For example the wait for a car was seven years

The Officials of East Europe had to keep what the West had secret, but it was a secret that could not be kept.

East Vs. West

During the Cold War espionage between East and West was on the increase (CIA vs. KGB)

Spies stole secret about the Atomic Bomb They stole secrets about Weapons They spied on Submarine Capabilities They spied on Troop Strength and location

and movements They tried to evaluate each other true

strengths in terms of industrial and military capability and even how far the other side would go in combat.

Goals of Spying – East vs. West

Gary Powers – Captured and TriedEnded in Spy Swap

Kim PhilbyIn 1941 Philby joined the British intelligence, MI6, despite the fact that he had been working for the Soviet intelligence since 1933. MI6 only realized he was a double agent in 1963, 

Robert Hanssen

Who worked in counterintelligence, sold out to the Soviets in 1979, after only three years at the bureau. Hanssen continued to sell secrets even after the fall of the Soviet Union. 

The End Class 3