A 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Test and a 4-Week ...

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้Ÿ“่—ฅไฝœ่ชŒ(Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci.) 26(2) : 157 - 169 (2018) ISSN(Print) 1225-9306 ISSN(Online) 2288-0186 http://www.medicinalcrop.org http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2018.26.2.157 157 Sprague-Dawley Rats ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ 26 ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ 4 ์ฃผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ—˜ ๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„* 1 ยท ์ด๋ฌด์ง„* , *** 1 ยท ์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ* , *** ยท ์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ* ยท ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ* ยท ์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ **** ์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„**** ยท ์„œํ˜•์‹** ยท ์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€* ยท ๊น€์ข…์ถ˜*** ยท ์กฐํ˜„์šฐ* โ€  * ํ•œ์•ฝ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ, ** ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”ํ•™์œตํ•ฉ์‹œํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, *** ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋…์„ฑํ•™๊ต์‹ค, **** ํ•ด๋‚จ์ž์—ฐ์˜๋†์กฐํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ธ A 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Test and a 4-Week Recovery Test of Cassia tora L. Water Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats Jong Hyun Nho* 1 , Mu Jin Lee* , *** 1 , Ho Kyung Jung* , ***, Ji Hun Jang*, Mi Ok Sim*, Min Cheol Jang****, Ju Hyun Yong****, Heung Sik Seo**, Byeong Kwan An*, Jong Choon Kim*** and Hyun Woo Cho* โ€  *National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung 59338, Korea. **Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gwacheon 13810, Korea. ***College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea. ****Heanam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Heanam 59021, Korea. ABSTRACT Background: Cassia tora L., an annual or perennial plant of the Fabaceae family, is traditional medicine with various biological activities, including anti-constipation and, anti-inflammation. Chemical compounds such as anthraquinone glycoside and naphtha- lene derivatives have been isolated from this plant. Cassia tora L. is a common contaminant of agricultural commodities, but is toxic to cattle and poultry. Methods and Results: To investigate the potential toxicity, Cassia tora L. aqueous extract (CO) was administered orally to rats for 26 weeks at 0 (control), 300, 1,500 and 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day (n = 10 for male rats for each dose). The positive control comprised ani- mals orally administered anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day. There was no treatment-related mortality. An increase in the kidney weight was observed at 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day of CO and anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day. Macrophage infiltration in the colon was observed at CO 1,500 and 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day and anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day, but there were no significant toxicological changes in the incidence and severity of the finding. Conclusions: The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of CO was 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day in male rats and no target organs were identified. In addition, 300 ใŽŽ/ใŽ was found to be the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for systemic toxicity under the condi- tions of the study. Key Words: Cassia tora L., Herbal Medicine, Anthraquinone, Chronic Toxicity, NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) ์„œ ์–ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.) ๋Š” ์ฝฉ๊ณผ (Leguminosae) ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์‹œ์•„, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค (Parson and Cuthbertson, 1992). ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ( ๆฑบ ๅญ, Cassiae semen) ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช… (Cassia obtusifolia L.) ์˜ ์ข… ์ž๋ฅผ ์นญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„  ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…์ž ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Hong et al., 2012). ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋Š” anthraquinone ๊ณ„์—ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ emodin ๊ณผ alaternin, โ€  Corresponding author: (Phone) +08-61-860-2873 (E-mail) [email protected] Received 2018 January 9 / 1st Revised 2018 February 6 / 2nd Revised 2018 March 6/ 3rd Revised 2018 March 20 / Accepted 2018 March 21 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Transcript of A 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Test and a 4-Week ...

้Ÿ“่—ฅไฝœ่ชŒ(Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci.) 26(2) : 157 โˆ’ 169 (2018) ISSN(Print) 1225-9306ISSN(Online) 2288-0186

http://www.medicinalcrop.org

http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2018.26.2.157

157

Sprague-Dawley Rats์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ 26์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ

๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ 4์ฃผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ—˜

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„*1ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„*

,***

1ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ*

,*** ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ* ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ* ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ ****

์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„**** ยท์„œํ˜•์‹** ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€* ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜*** ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ*โ€ 

*ํ•œ์•ฝ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ, **ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”ํ•™์œตํ•ฉ์‹œํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ***์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋…์„ฑํ•™๊ต์‹ค, ****ํ•ด๋‚จ์ž์—ฐ์˜๋†์กฐํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ธ

A 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Test and a 4-Week Recovery Test of Cassia tora L. Water Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Jong Hyun Nho*1, Mu Jin Lee*,***

1, Ho Kyung Jung*,***, Ji Hun Jang*, Mi Ok Sim*, Min Cheol Jang****,

Ju Hyun Yong****, Heung Sik Seo**, Byeong Kwan An*, Jong Choon Kim*** and Hyun Woo Cho*โ€ 

*National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung 59338, Korea.**Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gwacheon 13810, Korea.

***College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.****Heanam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Heanam 59021, Korea.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cassia tora L., an annual or perennial plant of the Fabaceae family, is traditional medicine with various biologicalactivities, including anti-constipation and, anti-inflammation. Chemical compounds such as anthraquinone glycoside and naphtha-lene derivatives have been isolated from this plant. Cassia tora L. is a common contaminant of agricultural commodities, but is toxicto cattle and poultry.Methods and Results: To investigate the potential toxicity, Cassia tora L. aqueous extract (CO) was administered orally to rats for26 weeks at 0 (control), 300, 1,500 and 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day (n = 10 for male rats for each dose). The positive control comprised ani-mals orally administered anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day. There was no treatment-related mortality. An increase in the kidney weightwas observed at 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day of CO and anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day. Macrophage infiltration in the colon was observed at CO1,500 and 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day and anthraquinone 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day, but there were no significant toxicological changes in the incidenceand severity of the finding. Conclusions: The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of CO was 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day in male rats and no target organswere identified. In addition, 300 ใŽŽ/ใŽ was found to be the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for systemic toxicity under the condi-tions of the study.

Key Words: Cassia tora L., Herbal Medicine, Anthraquinone, Chronic Toxicity, NOEL (No Observed Effect Level)

์„œ ์–ธ

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)๋Š” ์ฝฉ๊ณผ (Leguminosae)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”

์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์‹œ์•„, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์ „

์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค (Parson and

Cuthbertson, 1992). ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (ๆฑบ ๅญ,

Cassiae semen)๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช… (Cassia obtusifolia L.)์˜ ์ข…

์ž๋ฅผ ์นญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„  ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…์ž

๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Hong et al., 2012).

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋Š” anthraquinone ๊ณ„์—ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ emodin๊ณผ alaternin,

โ€ Corresponding author: (Phone) +08-61-860-2873 (E-mail) [email protected] 2018 January 9 / 1st Revised 2018 February 6 / 2nd Revised 2018 March 6/ 3rd Revised 2018 March 20 / Accepted 2018 March 21This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

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cassiaside, rubrofusarin ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ

๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Choi et al., 1994, 1996, 1997). ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์—์„œ

๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ anthraquinone ๊ณ„์—ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ aurantio-obtusin์€ ์•„๋‚™

ํ•„๋ผ์‹œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ

์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (Kim et al., 2015), chrysophanol ๊ณผ physcion์€ ์ฝœ

๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค (Wei et al., 2012).

๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ loperamide๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋ณ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ

ํ‚ค๊ณ  (Nho et al., 2016), ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ (Yen and Chung,

1999; Yen and Chuang, 2000)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ

๋ฉฐ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ (Kim et al., 2007,

2009; Yi et al., 2016), ๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ™œ์„ฑ (Luo et al., 2011), ๊ณ 

์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ (Liu et al., 2009)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„

ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ•œ์•ฝ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ

๊ฐ„์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•œ์•ฝ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž 

์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ํ•œ์•ฝ์žฌ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋…์„ฑ

๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค (Kim et al.,

2008).

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™ฉ๊ธฐ, ํ–ฅ๋ถ€์ž, ํšŒํ–ฅ๋ชฉ, ์ƒ์ง€, ์›์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž์›์‹

๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ

(Oh et al., 2006; Park et al., 2013; Han et al., 2013,

2015, 2016), ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋Š” ๋žซ๋“œ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— 5%์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ

๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•”์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋นˆํ˜ˆ ๋˜๋Š”

๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ๋‹ค ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ (Voss and

Brennecke, 1991), ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ 5,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ์˜ ๋†๋„๋กœ ๋‹จํšŒ

ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Ayodele

et al., 2015).

์„๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia occidentalis seed)๋Š” ๋ณถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด์ˆ˜์— ์นจ์ง€

ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์•„๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ (subchronic

toxicity)์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  (Essaโ€™a and

Medoua, 2013), ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

2,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ์˜ ๋†๋„์—์„  2 ๊ฐœ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ,

1,300ใŽŽ/ใŽ์˜ ๋†๋„๋กœ 5 ๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—

์„œ ํ‘์ƒ‰์ƒ‰์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค (Nadai et al., 2003).

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋…์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”

์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ

๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํšจ๋Šฅ ์ด์ „์— ๋”์šฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ผํ™˜

์œผ๋กœ 26 ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ์งˆ์ , ์–‘

์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€œ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ (์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ

ํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „์ฒ˜ ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ 2014-136ํ˜ธ)โ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 26 ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ

๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ 4 ์ฃผ ํšŒ๋ณต ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

1. ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ

์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ถ๋„ ์˜์ฃผ์‹œ

์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆผ์•ฝ์ดˆ (Jecheon, Korea)์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ

๋’ค ๋™์‹ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•œ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์ข…๊ธธ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ์‹๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋™์ •์„

๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ™•์ฆํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ ํ•œ์•ฝ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ ํ•œ์•ฝ์ž์›

๋ณธ๋ถ€์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋Š” ๋ฉธ๊ท ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜์„ธํ•œ ๋’ค, 50โ„ƒ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด

์šฉํ•ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž๋Š” ๋ฏน์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ„

์‡„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฆ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 10 ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ํ™˜๋ฅ˜ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฐฉ

๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 50โ„ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 3 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 3 ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ 15ใŽ fluted qualitative filter paper circles

(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA)๋ฅผ ์ด

์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ณผ์•ก์„ ๋™๊ฒฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ phosphate

buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4)์— ๋…น์ธ ๋’ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋‹น 10 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์”ฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ, ์ €๋†๋„ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ (๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ

์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ, 300ใŽŽ/ใŽ), ์ค‘๋†๋„ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ (๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž

๋ฌผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ, 1,500ใŽŽ/ใŽ), ๊ณ ๋†๋„ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ (๊ฒฐ๋ช…

์ž ๋ฌผ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ, 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ), ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ๊ตฐ (negative control,

anthraquinone, 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ)์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „์—

๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ์šฉ ์กด๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 26 ์ฃผ๊ฐ„

1 ์ผ 1 ํšŒ ์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ• (์ œ์ • 1991๋…„ 5์›” 31์ผ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ

4379ํ˜ธ, ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐœ์ • 2015๋…„ 1์›” 20์ผ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ 13023ํ˜ธ)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ

ํ•œ ํ•œ์•ฝ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ ํ•œ์•ฝ์ž์›๋ณธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด

์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (์Šน์ธ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: 2016-01-01), ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ๋“ฑ์˜๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ

์ค€ (์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „์ฒญ ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ 2014-136ํ˜ธ), ํ•œ์•ฝ (์ƒ์•ฝ)์ œ์ œ

๋น„์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€ (์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „์ฒญ ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ B1-2014-3-014ํ˜ธ)

์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ํ’ˆ์›๋ฃŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€ (์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „

์ฒญ ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ 11-1470000-002515-01ํ˜ธ)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜

์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์€ 3 ์ฃผ๋ น ์ˆ˜์ปท SD (Sprague-Dawley) ๋žซ๋“œ๋ฅผ ใˆœ

์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํŠธ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค (Seongnam, Korea)์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์ž… ์‹œ

๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์™ธ๊ด€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ž์ €์šธ๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5 ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ๋งค์ผ 1 ํšŒ ์‚ฌ๋ง, ์•ผ์œ”, ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„, ๊ฑฐ

์‹, ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฐฐ์„ค์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜

์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆœํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์ผ์— ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์ค‘

๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ

์€ CO2 ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋งˆ์ทจ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์•ˆ๋ฝ์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

์˜จ๋„ 20 ยฑ 2โ„ƒ, ์Šต๋„ 55 ยฑ 5%, 12 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ช…์•”์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋„

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ‰๊ฐ€

159

150 - 300 Lux๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ์‚ฌ์œกํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์šฉ ๊ณ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ

teklad global 18% protein rodent diet (2918C, Harlan

Laboratories Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA)์™€ ์žฅํฅ๊ตฐ ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ์„

ํ•„ํ„ฐ์œ ์ˆ˜์‚ด๊ท ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ณผ ํ›„ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์œ ์„ญ์ทจ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ

1) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ

์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „์ฒญ์˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ

๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 1 ์ผ 1 ํšŒ ์•ผ์œ”, ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„, ๊ฑฐ์‹, ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰

๋ฐ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฐฐ์„ค์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , 1 ์ผ 2

ํšŒ ๋นˆ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 26 ์ฃผ

๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ๋ณต๊ตฐ์€ 30 ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2) ์ฒด์ค‘์ธก์ •

๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ผ (ํˆฌ์—ฌ์ „), ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ์ฃผ

1 ํšŒ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์ผ์— ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์ผ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์€ ์ ˆ์‹

์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ฒด์ค‘ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3) ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •

ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ผ

๊นŒ์ง€ 1 ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 7 ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •

ํ•˜์—ฌ 1 ์ผ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‚ฌ์œก์ƒ

์ž ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋™๋ฌผ์ˆ˜๋‹น ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4) ๋‡จ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹น 5 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ 26 ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต 4 ์ฃผ์— ๋‡จ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ๋‡จ (๋ฐฐ์„ค ํ›„ ์•ฝ 3 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๋‡จ)๋ฅผ

์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•„๋ž˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ๋‡จ ์ฑ„์ทจ ์ค‘

์—๋Š” ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ญ

์ทจํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹น 5 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€ ์ „ ์•ฝ 18 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ ˆ์‹์‹œ

ํ‚จ ํ›„, ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์ผ์— isoflurane์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜ˆ

์•ก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์•ฝ 1ใŽ–์„ BD Vacutainerโ„ข

glass blood collection tube with K3 EDTA (Thermo Fisher

Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA)์— ๋„ฃ์€ ํ›„, IDEXX

ProCyte DX hematology analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories Inc.,

Westbrook, ME, USA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ (erythrocyte

count, RBC), ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ (hemoglobin, HGB), ํ—ค๋งˆํ† ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์น˜

(hematocrit, HCT), ํ‰๊ท ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์šฉ์  (mean corpuscular

volume, MCV), ํ‰๊ท ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ๋Ÿ‰ (mean corpuscular

hemoglobin, MCH), ํ‰๊ท ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ๋†๋„ (mean

corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC), ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ˆ˜

(platelet, PLT), ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ (leucocyte count, WBC), ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„

์œจ (WBC differential counting)๊ณผ ๋ง์ƒ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ (reticulocytes,

Reti)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

6) ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ค‘ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™

์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ 3,000 rpm์œผ๋กœ 10

๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์›์‹ฌ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์„ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ lactate

dehydrogenase (LDH) ๋ฐ creatine kinase (CK)์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ํ—ค

ํŒŒ๋ฆฐ ํ•จ์œ  tube์— ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  3,000 rpm์œผ๋กœ 10 ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์›์‹ฌ

๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์ธ FUJI DRI-CHEM 4000i (Fujifilm,

Dokyo, Japan)๊ณผ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ EasyLyte (Medica Co.,

Bedford, MA, USA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ alanine aminotrasferase (ALT),

aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),

gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen

(BUN), creatinine (Crea), total bilirubin (T-Bili), total

protein (TP), chloride (Cl), sodium (Na)๊ณผ potassium (K)์„

์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

7) ๋ถ€๊ณ ํ™˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€๋‚ด ์ •์ž๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‹œ ๊ตฐ๋‹น 5 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ž๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ, ์šฐ ๋ถ€๊ณ ํ™˜์„ ์ ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘

๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ถ€๊ณ ํ™˜์€ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ 

์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ขŒ์ธก ๋ถ€๊ณ ํ™˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ •์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ 1% bovine serum albumin

(BSA)๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ Dulbeccoโ€™s phosphate buffered saline pH

7.4 (DPBS)์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์•ฝ 10 ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •์ž๋†๋„

๋กœ ํฌ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”ผํŽซ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์— ๋„๋งํ•œ ํ›„

Diff-Quick์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 200 ๊ฐœ์˜

์ •์ž ์ค‘ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ •์ž์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ž๊ธฐํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ •์ž๊ธฐํ˜•๋ฅ  (%) = (๊ธฐํ˜•์ •์ž์ˆ˜ / ์ด ์ •์ž์ˆ˜) ร— 100

8) ๋ถ€๊ฒ€

์‚ฌ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋นˆ์‚ฌ๋™๋ฌผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์กด๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ „์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์กฐ

์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์œก์•ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

9) ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •

๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹น 5 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Šต์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก

์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ˆ์‹์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ขŒ

์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

160

10) ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ถ€๊ฒ€์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งน์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ

์กฐ์ง์„ ์ ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ 10% neutralized buffered formalin pH 7.1

(10% NBF, ์ค‘์„ฑ์™„์ถฉํฌ๋ฅด๋ง๋ฆฐ์šฉ์•ก, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Inc., Waltham, MA, USA)์— ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ณ ํ™˜์€

davidson hartmanโ€™s fixative solution (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St.

Louis, MO, USA)์— ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์‚ญ์ •, ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ํฌ๋งค๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ 

์ธ ์กฐ์ง์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์กฐ์ง์ ˆํŽธ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„,

H&E (hematoxylin & eosin) ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ฒด์ค‘, ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰, ๋‡จ๋Ÿ‰, ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ˜ˆ

์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ

์œ„ํ•ด Leveneโ€™s ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„, ์ผ์›๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ (One-way

ANOVA) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ (์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€: 5%)์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ •

์œผ๋กœ Scheffe ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ฒ€์ • (์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€: ์–‘์ธก 5% ๋ฐ 1%)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜

์˜€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ด์งˆ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํ›„

๊ฒ€์ •์œผ๋กœ Dunnettโ€™s T3 ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€: ์–‘์ธก 5% ๋ฐ

1%)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋“  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ (Statistical Package

for Social Science Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฆ์ƒ

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ (CO 300, CO

1500 ๋˜๋Š” CO 3000) ๋ฐ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ

์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ, ์‹์ด๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ณ€ (soft stool)์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž

Fig. 1. Body weights and food consumptions in male rattreated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinonefor 30 weeks. (A); body weights of male SD rats. (B);food consumptions of male SD rats. AQ; anthraquinone,CO 300 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day; aqueous extract of Cassia tora L.(300 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day), CO 1,500 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day; aqueous extract ofCassia tora L. (1,500 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day), CO 3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day;aqueous extract of Cassia tora L. (3,000 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day).

Table 1. Summary of clinical signs of male rat treated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinone for 30 weeks.Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

No.of animals

SignsWeek of dosing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

G110

Abnormal findings

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

G210

Abnormal findings

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0CO 300

G310

Abnormal findings

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

CO 1500

Soft stool โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 5 7 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

G410

Abnormal findings

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

CO 3000

Soft stool โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

G510

Abnormal findings

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6AQ 100

Soft stool โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

AQ; anthraquinone, CO; Cassia tora, test material (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day).

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ‰๊ฐ€

161

(CO) 1,500 ๋ฐ 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ 16 - 26 ์ฃผ

์— 5 - 10 ๋ก€, ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ 17 -

26 ์ฃผ์— 1 - 4 ๋ก€์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž

300ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„  ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‹œ

ํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋…์„ฑํ•™์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ

๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค (Table 1).

Table 2-1. Change in body weights of male rat treated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinone for 26 weeks.Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

Week of dosing

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

G1 Mean 77.8 140.9 202.3 264.3 333.8 363.7 399.3 428.9 453.3 470.7 488.8 501.5 513.4 523.5

0 SD 0 5.5 007.7 014.1 015.6 019.0 021.1 026.4 028.8 032.8 036.2 038.9 042.2 042.5 043.0

G2 Mean 78.8 142.4 211.3 269.4 341.4 374.5 418.5 436.1 464.5 486.4 503.0 511.1 525.5 531.0

CO 300 SD 0 5.1 007.4 009.5 018.6 026.5 029.7 032.2 038.1 043.4 048.6 049.0 051.5 050.6 048.5

G3 Mean 77.5 142.1 206.9 263.4 326.7 358.3 381.3 408.1 434.5 455.6 473.1 484.6 496.5 519.1

CO 1500 SD 0 2.7 006.5 007.0 012.1 018.7 25.0 035.1 038.4 041.7 043.7 042.9 041.4 043.3 033.6

G4 Mean 78.7 141.7 208.2 265.8 334.4 368.9 393.6 417.2 445.2 464.1 486.1 496.5 508.9 518.5

CO 3000 SD 0 3.6 008.4 014.9 018.8 025.2 025.8 031.5 034.3 036.7 037.8 038.8 040.0 040.3 038.9

G5 Mean 75.6 139.1 195.8 253.1 326.3 339.6 369.5 391.6 414.9 435.8 451.4 447.3 462.1 475.0

AQ 100 SD 0 4.0 007.6 011.4 012.6 024.4 021.8 026.5 031.0 028.9 031.2 033.3 035.6 034.8 034.6

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

Week of dosing

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

G1 Mean 548.5 564.6 576.7 596.0 609.4 621.4 627.7 637.5 647.8 654.2 661.2 669.9 679.1

0 SD 050.4 054.6 062.7 063.2 66.2 070.2 069.3 073.6 075.2 077.6 079.9 082.6 083.0

G2 Mean 560.5 577.6 588.9 609.5 621.4 629.8 638.5 646.1 656.1 663.5 674.7 681.1 691.6

CO 300 SD 053.8 055.6 054.9 055.1 058.0 060.0 060.7 060.4 063.3 062.4 063.7 065.7 065.2

G3 Mean 531.4 545.2 558.1 573.8 589.1 597.1 604.7 614.0 624.1 631.0 632.0 645.6 654.9

CO 1500 SD 044.1 047.3 049.5 048.3 047.2 045.8 047.8 048.4 048.3 048.1 062.1 050.6 050.7

G4 Mean 537.3 545.8 546.7 570.3 582.0 596.5 601.8 612.0 620.3 633.7 642.9 653.7 661.3

CO 3000 SD 042.0 041.3 051.6 050.1 050.3 050.0 050.9 054.2 053.6 058.3 056.9 058.6 058.3

G5 Mean 495.3 508.3 518.7 535.7 548.6 552.0 563.4 568.7 578.3 589.1 600.0 604.2 617.5

AQ 100 SD 036.9 035.4 036.4 034.3 040.2 043.5 045.5 050.3 052.2 054.9 056.3 056.3 059.9

Table 2-2. Change in body weights of male rat treated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinone for weeks of recovery.

Sex; Male (g)

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day)

Week of recovery

1 2 3 4

G1 Mean 652.0 655.6 660.0 672.4

0 SD 084.2 089.6 092.6 096.6

G2 Mean 693.4 695.8 702.0 716.4

CO 300 SD 074.3 075.3 075.8 080.0

G3 Mean 673.4 678.0 681.8 696.6

CO 1500 SD 66.9 063.5 061.2 061.4

G4 Mean 663.8 667.0 673.8 690.8

CO 3000 SD 072.6 074.6 074.5 077.0

G5 Mean 592.0 600.2 609.8 623.0

AQ 100 SD 040.9 041.6 039.9 043.0

Values are expressed as means ยฑ SD of ten rats. AQ; anthraquinone, CO; Cassia tora, test material (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day). n = 5. Significantly differentfrom the control; *p < 0.05.

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

162

2. ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ 26 ์ฃผ ๋ฐ 4 ์ฃผ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค

ํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ

(CO 300, CO 1500 ๋˜๋Š” CO 3000)์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ

์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ

100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ 6 ์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต 4 ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€

์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ (p < 0.05)์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ

๋‹ค (Fig. 1A, Table 2-1, Table 2-2).

์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ์€ ์นด์Šค์นด๋ผ์‚ฌ๊ทธ๋ผ๋‹ค, ํ”„๋ž‘๊ตด๋ผ, ์„ผ๋‚˜, ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋“ฑ

์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์œ ๋ž˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ

(Hardman and Limbrid, 1995), ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ์„ ๋žซ๋“œ์— 938

ppm ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์‹์ด ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 2 ์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ

ํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Dodd et al., 2013). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ

ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ์„ญ์ทจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฒด์ค‘

๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€

์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3. ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ

์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ

๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ

์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 26 ์ฃผ์งธ์— ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์ด 26.3 -

29.7 g์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (Fig. 1B, Table 3-1, Table 3-2).

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์™€ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ๋†๋„์˜ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ

ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹์ด์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๋‡จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์‹œ 1,500 ๋˜๋Š” 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ๋†๋„์—

Table 3-1. Change in mean food consumption of male rat treated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinone for 26 weeks.Sex; Male

Group/Dose

(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

AnimalID

Week of dosing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

G1 Mean 14.2 16.4 21.2 26.1 27.5 28.6 27.6 27.2 27.4 26.5 26.6 27.2 26.3 26.0 29.4 30.0 29.7 29.6 29.3 29.6 29.2 29.7 29.9 29.4 29.7 28.8

0 SD 00.7 01.2 00.5 03.3 1.4 01.2 01.0 01.2 02.4 02.6 02.9 02.4 01.7 02.1 03.4 03.2 03.0 02.8 02.6 03.0 02.9 03.1 03.0 02.5 01.8 02.8

G2 Mean 13.1 16.2 22.1 24.9 27.7 28.9 27.2 26.8 26.7 26.5 26.4 26.7 25.4 25.1 28.9 29.6 28.8 29.9 29.5 27.2 28.4 28.8 29.1 29.4 28.9 28.0

CO 300 SD 03.7 02.8 01.9 01.5 00.1 00.5 00.0 00.1 00.7 00.5 00.1 00.3 00.1 00.5 02.5 02.8 02.3 02.2 02.7 02.3 02.3 02.3 02.2 01.8 01.2 01.5

G3 Mean 15.7 16.7 22.2 25.4 27.0 28.3 26.3 26.3 26.5 25.9 26.0 26.5 25.4 25.8 28.4 28.9 28.5 29.5 29.2 27.3 28.5 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.3 27.6

CO 1500 SD 00.5 00.5 02.1 01.1 02.4 01.4 00.0 00.9 00.7 01.7 01.5 00.9 00.2 00.1 02.7 02.4 02.2 02.5 02.7 02.1 02.4 02.5 02.5 02.2 01.5 01.9

G4 Mean 15.2 16.2 21.9 25.1 27.0 27.7 26.5 26.1 27.0 26.5 27.5 27.6 26.3 26.4 27.6 28.0 27.4 28.9 29.1 28.1 28.9 29.0 29.3 29.2 28.8 28.6

CO 3000 SD 00.7 10.4 10.8 02.4 01.9 01.3 01.0 00.1 01.0 00.1 00.2 01.7 00.2 01.7 02.6 02.3 02.0 02.0 02.6 02.0 02.1 02.1 02.3 01.8 01.3 01.5

G5 Mean 14.7 15.9 20.1 23.9 25.7 26.5 25.4 25.1 25.6 24.2 25.0 23.2 24.3 25.2 27.1 27.6 27.8 28.0 26.6 26.5 27.7 26.6 29.1 28.6 28.5 27.9

AQ 100 SD 00.2 02.5 05.3 00.9 01.2 00.5 01.8 01.9 01.7 02.7 00.8 02.7 02.0 02.8 03.2 02.9 02.9 03.0 02.8 02.8 03.0 02.5 02.8 02.3 01.5 01.9

Values are expressed as means and standard deviation (SD) of ten rats. AQ; anthraquinone, CO; Cassia tora, test material (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day). n = 10.

Table 3-2. Change in mean food consumption of male rat treated with Cassia tora L. extract and anthraquinone for weeks of recovery.

Sex; Male (g)

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

AnimalID

Week of recovery

1 2 3 4

G1 Mean 27.3 32.1 33.1 31.9

0 SD 04.4 04.5 04.1 04.7

G2 Mean 28.1 32.5 33.4 32.7

CO 300 SD 03.3 03.4 03.4 03.9

G3 Mean 26.3 33.2 33.5 32.9

CO 1500 SD 01.9 4.4 03.6 04.1

G4 Mean 29.7 33.8 35.1 34.1

CO 3000 SD 02.6 02.9 02.7 03.0

G5 Mean 27.5 32.0 33.8 30.7

AQ 100 SD 04.3 05.0 04.3 04.0

Values are expressed as means and standard deviation (SD) of ten rats. AQ; anthraquinone, CO; Cassia tora, test material (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day). n = 5.

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ‰๊ฐ€

163

์„œ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์† ํฌ๋„๋‹น (glucose)์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž

์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ผ€ํ†ค์ฒด (ketone body)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉฐ sepcific

gravity (๋น„์ค‘)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ณ€์˜ pH๋Š” ์ •

์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€

์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ (bilirubin), ์šฐ๋กœ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒ

(urobilinogen)๋ฐ ์•„์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ (nitrite)์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ ์ฆ

๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ

์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ (Table 4-1), ํšŒ๋ณต

๊ตฐ (Table 4-2) ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘ํ•™์ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ

๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ (Table 11) ๋‡จ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์— ์˜

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 4-1. Individual of urinalysis results in main groups.Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

0CO 300

CO 1500

CO 3000

AQ 100

Color

Negative 5 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 5

1+ โˆ’ 5 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ โˆ’ 2 โˆ’ โˆ’

3+ โˆ’ โˆ’ 3 5 โˆ’

Glucose

Negative 5 4 2 2 5

Trace โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’

1+ โˆ’ โˆ’ 2 3 โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Bilirubin

Negative 4 3 2 2 2

1+ 1 1 2 1 3

2+ โˆ’ 1 1 2

Ketone body

Negative 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Trace 1 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

1+ 2 2 3 1 3

2+ 1 2 2 4 2

Specificgravity

โ‰ค1.005 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’

1.010 โˆ’ 2 3 4 2

1.015 1 2 1 โˆ’ 1

1.020 3 1 1 โˆ’ 1

โ‰ฅ1.025 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1

Occult blood

Negative 2 3 1 โˆ’ 3

Traceintact

1 โˆ’ 2 1 โˆ’

Tracelysed

1 1 2 4 2

1+ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

pH

โ‰ค7.5 3 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

8.0 2 1 2 2 1

8.5 โˆ’ 3 3 3 4

โ‰ฅ9.0 โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Protein

Negative โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Trace โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 1 โˆ’

1+ 1 2 2 1 1

2+ 4 3 2 3 4

Urobilinogen 0.2 5 3 3 3 3

(EU/ใŽ—) 1.0 โˆ’ 2 2 2 2

โ‰ฅ2.0 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

NitriteNegative 4 5 3 2 5

Positive 1 โˆ’ 2 3 โˆ’

Table 4-2. Individual of urinalysis results in recovery groups.

Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

0CO 300

CO 1500

CO 3000

AQ 100

ColorNegative 5 5 5 5 5

1+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Glucose

Negative 5 5 5 5 5

Trace โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

1+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

BilirubinNegative 5 4 5 4 5

1+ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ 1 โˆ’

Ketone body

Negative 2 2 4 2 1

Trace 3 3 1 3 4

1+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Specific gravity

โ‰ค1.010 4 4 3 1 2

1.015 1 โˆ’ 2 2 3

1.020 โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ 2 โˆ’

1.025 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

โ‰ฅ1.030 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Occult blood

Negative 4 4 3 3 3

Traceintact

โˆ’ โˆ’ 2 1 โˆ’

Tracelysed

1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 2

1+ โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ 1 โˆ’

2+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

pH

โ‰ค7.5 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

8.0 โˆ’ 2 2 1 โˆ’

8.5 4 3 3 4 5

โ‰ฅ9.0 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

Protein

Negative โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1

Trace 5 5 4 3 1

1+ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 1 1

2+ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ 1 2

Urobilinogen 0.2 5 4 5 5 5

(EU/ใŽ—) โ‰ฅ1.0 โˆ’ 1 โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

NitriteNegative 5 5 5 5 5

Positive โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

164

5. ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‹œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ (EOS, eosinophil)์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€

์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ (p < 0.05)์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค

๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Table 5-1).

์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 1.50 ยฑ 0.42%

๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด CO 1500 ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 0.80 ยฑ 0.16%,

CO 3000 ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 0.84 ยฑ 0.29%, ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ 0.80

ยฑ 0.23%๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ

๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋…์„ฑํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๋œ๋‹ค

(Table 5-1).

4 ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ๋ณต์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋’ค CO 300 ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ

Table 5-1. Summary of hematological parameters in main groups.

GroupAnimal

ID

RBC HGB HCT MCV MCH MCHC PLT WBC WBC differential counting (%)

(106/ใŽ•) (g/ใŽ—) (%) (fl) (pg) (g/ใŽ—) (103/ใŽ•) (103/ใŽ•) NEU LYM MONO EOS BASO

G1 Mean 9.13 15.60 50.70 55.50 17.10 30.90 1183.00 15.20 16.40 74.90 6.90 1.50a 0.34

0 SD 0.40 00.70 03.00 02.30 00.30 01.10 0131.00 02.90 02.20 02.90 1.89 0.42 0.17

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G2 Mean 8.99 15.00 48.50 54.00 16.80 31.00 1060.00 15.50 16.50 72.50 9.50 1.30ab 0.24

CO 300 SD 0.46 00.50 01.30 01.70 00.40 00.60 0089.00 01.20 02.10 02.60 2.15 0.37 0.13

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00G3 Mean 8.94 15.40 49.70 55.70 17.20 31.00 1053.00 13.90 18.90 71.60 8.50 0.80b 0.20CO

1500SD 0.52 00.70 02.80 02.00 00.50 00.50 0019.00 03.80 09.30 08.40 1.83 0.16 0.12

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00G4 Mean 9.23 15.70 50.30 54.50 17.00 31.20 1162.00 13.50 24.30 65.60 8.90 0.84b 0.28CO

3000SD 0.64 00.90 03.10 00.90 00.30 00.30 0146.00 03.10 09.30 08.60 2.66 0.29 0.08

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00G5 Mean 8.66 14.90 47.90 55.40 17.20 31.10 1190.00 12.00 20.50 70.10 8.28 0.80b 0.26

AQ 100 SD 0.31 00.20 01.10 02.20 00.50 00.40 105.00 01.30 02.60 03.90 1.97 0.23 0.11

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 005.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

*Means with the different letters (a-b) are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Scheffeโ€™s multiple range test. โˆ’; non-significant.

Table 5-2. Summary of hematological parameters in recovery groups.Sex; Male

Group/Dose

(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

AnimalID

RBC HGB HCT MCV MCH MCHC PLT WBC WBC Differential Counting (%)

(106/ใŽ•) (g/ใŽ—) (%) (fl) (pg) (g/ใŽ—) (103/ใŽ•) (103/ใŽ•) NEU LYM MONO EOS BASO

G1 Mean 9.48a 15.80 49.90 52.70 16.70 31.60 1145.00 14.40ab 13.80 75.70 8.88 1.30 0.26

0 SD 0.15 00.40 00.70 00.10 00.20 00.30 077.00 2.50 02.60 03.90 1.74 0.19 0.05

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 005.00 5.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G2 Mean 8.78b 15.30 47.80 54.40 17.50 32.10 1059.00 13.30a 16.10 73.70 8.92 1.04 0.26

300 SD 0.53 00.70 03.10 01.20 00.50 00.80 0037.00 3.10 07.40 09.50 2.37 0.35 0.11

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 5.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G3 Mean 9.25ab 15.80 49.40 53.40 17.10 32.00 1143.00 12.80a 13.20 76.40 8.92 1.22 0.22

1500 SD 0.43 00.50 01.70 01.10 00.50 00.40 264.00 1.80 03.90 04.70 2.15 0.47 0.18

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 005.00 5.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G4 Mean 9.09ab 15.30 48.50 53.60 16.90 31.50 1142.00 18.00b 15.90 75.70 6.96 1.18 0.28

3000 SD 0.67 00.70 02.30 03.90 01.10 00.70 177.00 4.20 02.40 02.90 1.84 0.42 0.08

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 5.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G5 Mean 9.00ab 15.50 48.30 53.70 17.30 32.10 1124.00 13.20a 14.70 75.80 8.10 1.18 0.26

100 SD 0.35 00.30 01.10 01.60 00.60 00.30 0064.00 2.90 00.60 03.20 3.35 0.11 0.09

N 5.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 05.00 0005.00 5.00 05.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

*Means with the different letters (a-b) are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Scheffeโ€™s multiple range test. -; non-significant.

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ‰๊ฐ€

165

(RBC)์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ

(WBC)์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†

์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๋กœ์„œ ๋…์„ฑํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. (Table 5-2).

6. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‹œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ALP (alkaline phosphatase) ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 392.2

ยฑ 79.9 U/โ„“๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  CO 1500 ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด 310.4 ยฑ 27.0 U/โ„“,

์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ด 288.8 ยฑ 28.9 U/โ„“๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜

Table 6. Summary of biochemical parameters in main groups.Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

AnimalID

AST ALT T-BIL ALP BUN TP CRE GGT Na Cl K

(U/ โ„“ ) (U/ โ„“ ) (ใŽŽ/ใŽ) (U/ โ„“ ) (ใŽŽ/ใŽ—) (g/ใŽ—) (ใŽŽ/ใŽ—) (U/ โ„“ ) (mmol/ โ„“ ) (mmol/ โ„“ ) (mmol/ โ„“ )

G1 Mean 76.80 23.40 0.34 392.20a 13.00 6.90 0.36 1.00 146.80 7.20 099.20

0 SD 19.00 05.30 0.21 079.90 01.90 0.50 0.05 0.00 001.70 1.80 001.30

N 05.00 05.00 5.00 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 005.00 5.00 005.00

G2 Mean 83.00 27.40 0.32 354.40ab 14.20 6.80 0.38 1.00 147.70 7.10 100.40

CO 300 SD 26.10 14.00 0.11 030.70 01.60 0.30 0.04 0.00 002.20 1.20 001.10

N 05.00 05.00 5.00 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 005.00 5.00 005.00

G3 Mean 75.80 33.40 0.30 310.40b 14.00 6.80 0.44 1.00 146.60 8.60 099.70

CO 1500 SD 07.10 15.40 0.07 027.00 01.30 0.20 0.09 0.00 001.20 2.20 000.60

N 05.00 05.00 5.00 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 005.00 5.00 005.00

G4 Mean 81.60 23.40 0.30 339.80ab 13.80 6.70 0.38 1.00 147.10 6.90 100.40

CO 3000 SD 12.70 04.50 0.14 056.10 02.10 0.30 0.04 0.00 002.00 1.10 000.90

N 05.00 05.00 5.00 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 005.00 5.00 005.00

G5 Mean 61.40 23.60 0.34 288.80b 14.70 6.80 0.34 1.00 146.30 8.50 099.60

AQ 100 SD 07.80 03.70 0.09 028.90 01.40 0.30 0.09 0.00 001.70 1.00 001.30

N 05.00 05.00 5.00 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 005.00 5.00 005.00

*Means with the different letters (a-b) are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Scheffeโ€™s multiple range test. โˆ’; non-significant.

Table 7. Summary of sperm morphology in main and recovery groups.

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ) Bent

neckBent

midpiece

Tail SeparationDeformity (%)

Coil Small Head Midpiece Tail

G1 Mean 0.0 1.8 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.1

0 SD 0.0 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.9

N 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

G2 Mean 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.3

CO 300 SD 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6

N 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

G3 Mean 0.0 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.7

CO 1500 SD 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.3

N 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

G4 Mean 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 2.7

CO 3000 SD 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.8

N 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

G5 Mean 0.0 0.6 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.9

AQ 100 SD 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.1

N 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

โˆ’; non-significant.

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

166

์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT

(alanine aminotrasferase), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), CRE

(creatinine), GGT (ฮณ-glutamyl transferase) ๋ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ (Na,

Cl and K)์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Table 6).

ALP๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ”ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ

์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค, ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ALP ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ์„œ

๋…์„ฑํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. (Table 6).

7. ์ •์ž๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‹œ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ž์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ (bent

neck, bent midpiece, tail coil, small tail, head separation,

midpiece separation, tail separation) ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ณ ํ™˜

๋ฏธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ •์ž๊ธฐํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด 3.1 ยฑ 0.9%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ

๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ (CO 300, CO 1500 ๋ฐ CO 3000

์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2.3 ยฑ 0.6%, 2.7 ยฑ 1.3%, 2.7 ยฑ 0.8%๋กœ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ

์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ 2.9 ยฑ 1.1%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค (Table 7).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž

์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์žํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜

์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ํˆฌ

์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ small tail์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ •์ž ๊ธฐํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ์˜์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜

์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ์ •์ž์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

8. ๋ถ€๊ฒ€

์ฃผ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ๋ฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋’ค

5 ๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ, ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œก์•ˆ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด์ƒ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Table 8).

Rat ๋ถ€๊ฒ€ ์‹œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” thymus์˜ ๋ฐœ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ํ•œ ์ฆ

์ƒ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ

๊ธฐยท์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œก์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

9. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰

๋ถ€๊ฒ€์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋’ค ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ„ (liver), ์‹ฌ์žฅ (heart), ๋น„์žฅ

(spleen), ์‹ ์žฅ (kidney), ๊ณ ํ™˜ (testis) ๊ณผ ์ •์†Œ (epididymis)์˜

Table 8. Summary of necropsy findings in male rats.

Period Main Recovery

Group G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

Organ / FindingsDose (ใŽŽ/ใŽ) 0 300 1500 3000 100 0 300 1500 3000 100

No. of examined 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Abnormal organs Remarkable findings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 9. Summary of absolute organ weights in main groups.Sex; Male

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

B.W. Liver Heart SpleenKidneys Testis Epididymis

Lt. Rt. Total Lt. Rt. Total Lt. Rt. Total

G1 Mean 684.80 19.56 2.06 1.14 2.45 2.48 4.94 1.96 1.94 3.90 0.83 0.87 1.70

0 SD 069.90 03.11 0.24 0.32 0.24 0.25 0.48 0.19 0.26 0.44 0.04 0.06 0.08

N 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G2 Mean 662.60 19.44 2.04 1.02 2.25 2.26 4.50 2.11 2.07 4.18 0.81 0.82 1.62

CO 300 SD 061.00 02.36 0.24 0.13 0.34 0.37 0.70 0.17 0.14 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.08

N 0 5.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G3 Mean 614.80 19.18 1.96 0.97 2.27 2.25 4.52 1.86 1.83 3.70 0.81 0.80 1.61

CO 1500 SD 034.50 02.73 0.26 0.12 0.21 0.19 0.40 0.12 0.09 0.21 0.03 0.02 0.04

N 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G4 Mean 632.80 19.60 1.87 1.02 2.53 2.56 5.09 2.07 2.10 4.17 0.83 0.82 1.65

CO 3000 SD 047.70 02.25 0.03 0.16 0.29 0.29 0.58 0.20 0.15 0.32 0.07 0.08 0.15

N 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

G5 Mean 611.40 20.28 1.93 0.97 2.50 2.56 5.05 2.02 1.99 4.01 0.85 0.77 1.62

AQ 100 SD 066.30 01.98 0.19 0.11 0.21 0.18 0.38 0.14 0.10 0.23 0.08 0.06 0.13

N 005.00 05.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

โˆ’; non-significant.

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ‰๊ฐ€

167

์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฃผ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์•”

์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ

(Table 9), ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ

๋ณต์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ

100ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—

๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜์„ฑ (p < 0.05) ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (Table 10).

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์ , ํ˜ˆ

์•ก์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋…์„ฑํ•™์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

10. ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๊ฒฐ์žฅ ์ ๋ง‰์œ„ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์นจ์œค (supramucosal macrophage

infiltration)์ด 0 (๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ), ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž 300, 1,500 ๋ฐ 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ

๋ฐ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ 0, 0, 2/5,

4/5 ๋ฐ 4/5 ๋ก€๋กœ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฐ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผ

ํ€ด๋…ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๋ณต์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ

์˜ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์นจ์œค ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0, 0, 1/5, 2/5 ๋ฐ 2/5 ๋ก€๊ฐ€

์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 26 ์ฃผ ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์ •์ƒ

์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๋œ๋‹ค (Table 11).

๊ณ  ์ฐฐ

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ธ

1,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ ๋†๋„ (Han et al., 2013) ๋ฐ organisation for

economic co-operation and dvelopment (OECD)์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๋…์„ฑ

์‹œํ—˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ธ 2,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ์˜ ๋†๋„ (OECD, 2001)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ

Table 10. Summary of relative organ weights in main groups.Sex; Male (g/100 g body weight)

Group/Dose(ใŽŽ/ใŽ)

B.W. (g) Liver Heart SpleenKidneys Testis Epididymis

Lt. Rt. Total Lt. Rt. Total Lt. Rt. Total

G1 Mean 684.80 2.85 0.30 0.17 0.36 0.36 0.72ab 0.29 0.28 0.58 0.12 0.13 0.25

0 SD 069.90 0.27 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.03

G2 Mean 662.60 2.93 0.31 0.15 0.34 0.34 0.68a 0.32 0.31 0.64 0.12 0.13 0.25

CO 300 SD 061.00 0.18 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03

G3 Mean 614.80 3.11 0.32 0.16 0.37 0.37 0.74ab 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.13 0.13 0.26

CO 1500 SD 034.50 0.31 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

G4 Mean 632.80 3.09 0.30 0.16 0.40 0.40 0.80b 0.33 0.33 0.66 0.13 0.13 0.26

CO 3000 SD 047.70 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03

G4 Mean 611.40 3.32 0.32 0.16 0.41 0.42 0.83b 0.33 0.33 0.66 0.14 0.13 0.27

AQ 100 SD 066.30 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01

*Means with the different letters (a-b) are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Scheffeโ€™s multiple range test. n = 5. โˆ’; non-significant.

Table 11. Summary of histopathological findings.

Parameters (Organ/findings)

Dose (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day)

Main group Recovery group

0 CO 300 CO 1500CO 3000 AQ 100 0 CO 300 CO 1500CO 3000 AQ 100

No. of rats 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Colon

No specific lesion 5 4 3 1 1 5 5 4 3 3

-Fibroma/present 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-Macrophage infiltration, supramucosal

0 0 2 4 4 0 0 1 2 2

Cecum

No specific lesion 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Kidneys โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’ โˆ’

No specific lesion 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

-Tubular cast/SL/F 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-Cortical scar/present 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AQ; anthraquinone, CO; Cassia tora, test material (ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day).

๋…ธ์ข…ํ˜„ ยท์ด๋ฌด์ง„ ยท์ •ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝ ยท์žฅ์ง€ํ›ˆ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์˜ฅ ยท์žฅ๋ฏผ์ฒ  ยท์šฉ์ฃผํ˜„ ยท์„œํ˜•์‹ ยท์•ˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€ ยท๊น€์ข…์ถ˜ ยท์กฐํ˜„์šฐ

168

์‹คํ—˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)๋ฅผ 300, 1,500

๋ฐ 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day์˜ ๋†๋„๋กœ 26 ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜,

4 ์ฃผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…

์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•ด์„ค์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ 26 ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ

๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ (OECD, 2009; NIFDSE, 2012), ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฝ์šฉ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„

๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ

์„ ๋•Œ ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 4 ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„

๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค (Kim et al., 2014).

์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ๊ตฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€, ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ์•ˆ์ „์ฒ˜์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์‹œ

์Šคํ…œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ์€ ๋žซ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ๋†๋„๋กœ

๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด (MFDS,

2009), ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day ๋†๋„์˜ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผํ€ด๋…ผ์„ ์„ญ์ทจ

์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€

์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ƒ, ์ฒด์ค‘, ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰, ๋‡จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰, ๋ถ€

๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋…์„ฑํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€

๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •์ž๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์€ ์ธ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia obtusifolia seed)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹์ดํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋žซ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ด ์ฆ

๊ฐ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ 5,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ

์˜ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ๋‹จํšŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Voss and

Brennecke, 1991; Ayodele et al., 2015). ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„๊ฒฐ๋ช…

์ž (Cassia occidentalis seed)๋Š” ๋ณถ์•„์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด์ˆ˜์— ์ถ”

์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค

(Nadai et al., 2003; Essaโ€™a and Medoua, 2013).

์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ์žŽ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ๋žซ๋“œ์™€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—

์„œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ

(Cholendra et al., 2014), ์„๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์™€ ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ด์ˆ˜์— ์นจ

์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ (1,300ใŽŽ/ใŽ)์„ 5 ๊ฐœ์›” ์ด

์ƒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ (3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ)์„

26 ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ์นจ์œค์ด ๋ฏธ

๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž (Cassia tora L.)๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ

๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์— ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ,

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋žซ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰ (NOAEL,

no-observed-adverse-effect level)์€ 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ ,

๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž 1,500 ๋ฐ 3,000ใŽŽ/ใŽ/day์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด

๋ฌดํ•ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ (NOEL, no-observed-effect level)์€ 300ใŽŽ/ใŽ์œผ๋กœ

์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์•ฝ์šฉ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์•ฝ์žฌ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ผ์œผ

ํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”

ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์šฉ์‹๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ

์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์šฉ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ 

์œ ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ช…์ž ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋…์„ฑํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€

์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ถœ๊ณผ ์œ 

๊ธฐ์šฉ๋งค ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ฆผ์ถ•์‚ฐ์‹ํ’ˆ๋ถ€(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: 114150-03)์˜ ์ง€์›์—

์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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