Deph of Agronomy and Soil Scfenc*2 5 2 5 Varney Circle University of Haw aii

Honolulu, H aw aii 96822THB Km cT or PunTiio Mmmsa lkvk l

AID PLAIT DEISITX 01 SOXBEAI (Q lyeiif wmx (Llan.) tterr.)

ggtn xn u )

A TH6IS SUDNITTED TO Tiil OBADUATI 8CIOOL OP TU

UlimSITX OP lAMAII JM PABTXAL PULPILLmT

OF T il RKiUIBIMBTS FOR TU DB2REB Of

NA8TIB or 8CISIC1

11 AOROIONr

JAIUAKX 1966

Bp

Bomo U. <iuinf imi

TiMalA COMittMl

mkato lAltslwahl, C teln aa Hobart WAnar

Duaaa Noosa Patar Botar

ACICKKUDQKMaR

O m tcful afpm elAtlaft X» du« to ite lut-W oot Contor fo r the

•ebolftzoliip OMUcdod vhleli tea «id« th lo stufijr poMiblo*

X M ladflMod to hqt odvioor^ Prefoooor Nttoto mtohoohl

fo r tte orport guidoaco g lv ta m duriag tte ootir* duratten o f tte

voik; to Ora* Bobort UOnar, Ouoaa Nooio aad Pator Botar fo r tb a ir

lam liiabla auggsatlona la tlaa cooduot o f raaeareh and la tba

preparation o f tte aaauacripti to Mr* ate ldoa Vhltaay fo r aia

auggaatloaa la tte aal/ala o f tte data; to Nr* Baaoa S* da la Paaa

fo r tea gaaaroua taalp and fo r glTlag aa acooaa to aoaa o f tte

fa o U ltia a o f tte Plaat Ptgralologp Oapartarat; to teaara* flavlaao

Agttlllaaa aad Banjaatn teBilua fo r t t e lr auggeatioaa aad aaalatanea

la aoaa aq^ cta o f tte voilij aad to v lfa who tea aloagra glam m

lagplratlon aad eaeouiagaaaat la ean ylag on ttea vorlc*

epaoial tteaka ara due to Mlaaaa Coraaon f* Vdron Crua«

Banedloa P* cat e laa aad Canwa 0 * Haaapl fo r tgpplag tte d raft o f

tte aaauacript*

nm E or u o r a r o

ACnOMLIDaiMBn......................................................................... uh in or ■mMJB......................................................................... i

LIST or riOUBKS • • . .

HmVUCTZGi............................................................................

m m or unoiATUiUE..............................................................

MkTKBlALS AID MtTHQM....................................................................

RB8ULS8 AID DI8CU881«

VUmI ri«lA ObMrmtioM .......................................... U

Atttuil NtMuTMwat S a t * ...................... 11

I RtspoiiM to PliatlfBg D otoo............................. 16

II BoapooM to litxogoa F o rtlim tlo a •ad it s totoxsctlott v ith F lsa tia iBSt# • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8*7

I II BasposM to P lsat Douiltgr aad its la to iso tlo u with P lsstii^ Dsto sad litVQSM Laval ................................................. 33

SMMUa AID C0ICLU8I0B8 ................................................................ 3S

LISIBtTUBX CZnD..................................................................... kOAmiDIX TABUS ...................................................... • . . • kk

L IS T OF XABLB8

Tuct W blst

1 o f plMactlagf flo m x la i and m tvafitfi and■u*er o f da^ froa p laatlac to fXowafiac andaaturltgr o f aoyW aa............................. 12

2 Naaa 8aad and p lM t data on aogrbaaa j^Laatad ondlffaxaat dataa and fa rtilia a d with tnxpiaglaiMla of nltrosaa fa r t llla a r .................. 13

3 MMtn Saad and plant data on aoptaaa plantad on d lffaran t dataa and a t d lffaxaat plantdaaaltlaa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i t

t Mm s Saad and plant data on aopbaan fa rtilia a dv ita aaxplac laaala o f nltrogaa and plantad a td lffa ia n t plant daaaltlaa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13

Vr

Appmdlx Siblaa1 Analpala of aarlaaoa o t aaad plaid aa lafluaaoad

bp plantlac data« altroian latal and plantdaaaltp • •• ........... • . . . • • tt

2 Aaalpala of aaxiaaaa of aaad alaa (valfbt la gxana par 100 aaada) aa Influmead bp plantingdata altxogm laval and plant dmaltp • • . • • • • • t3

3 Analpala of xnriaaoa plant balgbt aa InfluMoad bp planting data« nltrogaa laaal and plantdanaltp................................. • . • k6

t Analpala of mrlanea ^ mod»ar of bxanebaa parplot aa Influanead bp planting data, nltrogaa latal and plant daaaltp ........ k j

3 Analpala of rarlaaea atarago langth of bxanebaaaa Influttoad bp planting data« altrogon laval and plant dnaltp • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • td

6 fabular * m l u a a ........ t9*so7 Naltlpla oonparlaon of aaad plaid and plant growth aa Infloanoad bp planting data vlth tba uaa of

Ouaoaa'a nav anltlpla ranga taat 31«33

L IS T OF !EABLJE8 (C o n tliiiaad }

Apyeadix P»f«

6 N ultlpl* coaparUoa of Mod ylolA sad pXaatgjroHth M iafluMWod bp altrogM lo ro l vitta tte UM of Dme«a*o mtw au ltlp lo x«o(o t o o t .................. $^*96

9 Mbltlplo eonpttxlooo o f produetloo oad ploatgravtb M 1nn,ooK»od bp ploat doaoltp v ltb tbo uoo o f IhBMOa'o sow ao ltlp lo nago toot • • • • • • • • 97*96

10 Mtylomi oad toapozotaxoo oad x a la fb ll oaMweo eo a p u o ...................... 99-60

U Doploagtb ia Soaolulu .............................................................. 6l

▼1

Lim Of rmaiM8

FiC*

1 IfflM t o f piMKtllC tetos on MMd moA plMlteliftiM ton .......................... 17

2 S ffte t o f I«voI oa eood moA plantetanxaetara...................... 16

3 Effiaet o f plant danaitgr on aaad aad plant9tmmeUtn ..................... 19

h E ffaet o f plantins Aata and nitrogen la re l onneed aad plant ................................................. 20

3 I ffa e t o f p lan tla i date and plant denaltp onaaad aad plant etaaxaetara................................................. 21

6 Kffaot o f aitxogaa laval aad plant danaltp on•aad aad plant e lM xaetara............................................ 22

TB mwst or piAiTZia sasb, ihdoobi u m .AID PLAIT DSI8ITI 01 80ZBKAI (OlyclM wmx (Una.) Mirr.)8E1D YIELD

HTB0DUCT1QI

SliiM Mgr1»Ma is aost produotiVB vtwa svowa as a suaMr er<9 v l u

is^ p an tu n s aia h lc l aad tha laagtba ot Osar a n a t ttaalr laofaat* i t

la cultlvatad aoat aztaaaiaalar aa a auaaar crap in taapaaata araaa

tatvaaa 3^ to latituda* It la ttaa laaklng graia laguae crop o f

tba vorlA but ia pzaetloallp a aca-aatitar la tba trapicSf aa tte

tropica aaeouata fo r oolp arouad four paxoaat of tte vorlA*a acxaago

o f 35 allX iaa acrca davotat to aopbaaa produetioa*

Aa coatzmatad to tte yaar-rouad eropplag o f aoat eropa la tte

tropica^ tte Iladtad acraaga plaatad to acgrbaaa la grova laxgalp aa a

aiaaar cxop baoauaa o f Ita jM^toaaaaitlTltgri plalda dropplag atexplp

particulazlp la v la tar plaatlaga.

Aetuallpii aogrbaaa eaa ba groaa tbrougteut tte ja a r la tte tropica

but aon alljr Ita p lcld la abaxply pegged to tte Icngtte o f dap durlag

tte groaiag period, plaid baiag blgteat durlag parloda o f loageat

laagtte of dap aad lovaat durlag parloda o f abortaat iM gtte o f dap.

Tte loir v la ta r plalda are cloaelp oorrelatad v lth aarllaaaa of f li» a l

ia ltla tlo a vbleb atezplp cu rtalia plaat grovth.

Slaoa I t doaa aot appear pim ctloal to augant tte abort daplaagtbs

o f v la ta r aoatba bp a r t if ic ia l avpplaawotarp llg b tia g , aodlfloatloaa la

cultural prcctlcaa to eoiaitazaot tte advcraa affacta o f abort laagtb of

dapa might ba affaotlva la laorecalag v la ta r produotloa. Acoordinglp,

tvo pkMoa o f euXtunl piaotiooo vox* otudlod. Tbop vovti ( l) hlgbor

doaoltp o f ploat populatloa to offoot curtolXod ploat gxoota taador

obort dop ooaditioao oad (2) uoo o f altrogoa fo rtllio a tio a to poriapo

proloag tbt Togototioo poriod oad iaexoooo ploat groirth, tbot

rooultlBf loxyor oad ta ilo r ploato v iU boor aero podo.

Muob roooareb boro olroodp booa ooaduotod oa ploat doaoltp

otudloo and offoet o f altrogoa fb rtU lo atlaa oa oood plold la toaporoto

oraao but tb o lr xooulto boro l lt t lo on^llootloa ia ^ troploo booouoo

tbo objootlroo aro d lfforo at. la tooporoto oroao tbo abovo Uaoo of

roooarob uoro laotltutod to iacroooo oood product 1cm of aogfboaa grooa

oBdor optlaoa e llo a tle ooaditioao of blgb tooporotuxoo oad loag dopo»

idwrooof la tbo tropleo oogrbeoa eaa bo produeod poor-rouad laotood o f

tbo proooat olaglo orop la tbo omoaor prorldod uo oro oblo to eouatoroot

tbo odToroo offooto o f obort dopo during v iato r aoatbo vbleb ladueo

oorlp floworlag oad ooaooqoaat low ploldo.

Tbo proooat otudp uao uadortaboa to oocortola vbotbor doaoor plaat

populatloa oad otlaulatloa o f vogototlvo grovtb bp altrogoa fo rtU lia tlo a

v lU bo ouffleioatlp laxgo oao««h to offoot tbo odveroo offooto o f abort

dopo oad tb o lr ottoadoat lover tooporoturoo. Purtboraoro^ tbooo two

eoaourroat troataoato voro lapoood oa d lfforoat dotoa o f plaatlag vboa

dopo aro obort to oboorvo tbo latoroetloa botvooa tbo p loailag dotoo

oad ploat doaoltp altrogoa fo rtU la atlo a .

I f map o f the troataoato prow to be effeetlve ia laeroooiag

produtttloa o f ocpbeaa duriag v iato r aoatha la tbo trapleo« Ito

produetloa la tbo tropleo oap iaeroooo aaapfold.

Tlw SATltv o f lita im tu n partiotnt to th is voik WM b«Md Alaoat

•atlxaljr OQ la su lts of x»MOreiM« eoaductad in ta^pant* an aa baoauaa

o f tba paasltp of raaaareb on acgrbaan la tba trojpiea*

Qamar aaA AIlaxA (13) voxklag on tlaa ptetoi^rioAle raq^ooaa of

aopbaaaa ia la la tlo a to ta^pantaxa aal other aavlroaaaatal fhetora

ohaaraad that on aoatha v ith 9 to 12 houra dagrlai^^ a l l aarlatlaa

flowarad la an^roalaatalp 23 days a fta r garalaatloa. Thqr hara aotad

furthar that vhaa daylaagth b^aa to axeaad 12 houra# laagthaalag of

aafatatlaa parlod raaultad. Paaulta of a la lla r atudlaa bp Oalar aad

Carttar (10) aad la r tv lf (16) laraalad that tha aagatatlaa parlod of

aopbaaa aaa ahortaaad bp abortar photoparloda. A aora raeaat vork bp

Abal ( l) oorroboratad tha praeadlog fladlaca.

Aoooidlat to tha raport of aopbaaa aarlatp taat la Jhaail ( i j ) ,

aopbaaaa aatura la laaa tlaa la Havall thaa la tha aal aland teltad

Stataa. BUoxl# Larado aad Eduard vhleh aatura ia 1^ to 110 dapa la

Mlaaourl aatura la 110 to 130 dapa vhaa plaatad aa auaaar erop ia

Eavall. Buaa vhaa grewa aa a auaaar erop aoQrbaaaa aatura 20 to 23

paroaat a a rlla r la Eavall,

Aeoordlag to aaothar raport (Id) v iato r plaatlag of aopbaaaa la

Bavall# both aarlp aad la ta varlatlaa aaturod vorp aarlp aad a l l

aaturad v lth la tvo vaaka o f aach other. I t alao raportad that

halght attalaod vaa 16 laohaa aad that both plaid and quality vara poor

due to uafavoiabla vaathar eoaditloaa.

Rlf DM OP LIXIBATUBB

In the ■Unlaad United Stnten, Mgrtenn is ueunllp planted nround

tJM nlddle o f Nap. Plnntlag Mde tberenfter in oftm nnnoointed vitta

•vbstnntlnl nduetion in belght. Qnnier et n l ( it ) and otiMr voikera

•ueli an Weiaa a t a l (42) , Oalar and Oarttar (34) aad Toxrla aad

Brigga (39) found that dalap la plantiag profouadlp daeraaaad balgdt.

Aoooxdlag to raport (id) fron davaii o f Ik aariatiaa o f aopt>aana taatad

under v ia ta r eonditioaa, onlp 0 -too>taa axeaadad 18 laoOea in baight*

Tblpj^voog (37)« iBvaatlgatiBg the d iffO raatlal reaponaa o f vagatatla

aopbaan aariatlaa to fa r t ilitp lavala aad aaaaona a t tlia Haiaaaalo

Kapariwntal flam o f tba UOiaaraitp o f ilawaii found that height

graduallp daeraaaad aa planting van dalapad.

Ughaat aoyhaan plalda are ganaxallp dbtaiaad fron aarlp planting.

Borthaiek and Faxkar (3) atudplag the photopariodie raopoaaaa o f aararal

aariatiaa of aophaan, ohtalnad raaulta indicating raduetioi in piald

dua to dalapad planting. Sueoaadiag vorkara lik e fieaaon aad Oarr (19) ,

Paaatar (12) , Oianock aad Uhrrea (U ), Bartvlg ( l8 ) , Carttar (lO) aad

Thipphmrong (37) alao noted daeraaaa la piald aa a reault o f dalap in

planting, floaa-var, aontrarp to vhat aaa fmuod in thaaa foarageing

aq^rixw ata, Waiaa at ^ (42) , and Torria aad Brigga (39) ckaanrad no

aignifioaat dlfferaaeaa in piald o f earlp aariatiea planted a t d lffareat

dataa. Oalar and Oarttar (34) aad L affa l (22) naaarthalaaa, rq^ortad

that aarlp aatuxlag aariatiea raguira la te r p la atiq i than rariatiaa of

U ta aaturitp.

The findlnga o f d ifferen t vorkara ragardii« the influanaa o f

planting tia e on aaad aisa are not in agreaaeat. HOiaa e t a l (42) ,

Oalar aad oarttar (34)» and Torria aad Brigga (39) ahovad data vhloh

iadiostod tlMit Mad sis* vaa ••M D tU lly uasffaetad b/ plaatiag dstas.

OppoMd to thaae vo n Um fiad lafo of Abol ( l) oad IoIood sod Mborto

(30). Thoy xoportod tb st aoad oIm dlelalibed with doXoped pXaatiass.

l^poolafSf both btttwoon (tad v ith ia rova TltoU p iaflttaaoo oogrboaa

plold. tevaral •twdioo (2,k,Q ,l^,SO ,23,26,kX,k^,kk) ataovod tbat eloae

apaoli«a botvaaa aad v ith ia tha rowa iaovaaaad aoad yio ld . flpaaiaga

a ffao t aaad aiaa or iraicfat o f aaada but raaulta rasaidias th ia ara

eontradiotiag. Probat (35) atatad that aanrov v ith ia tha row asaeiag

pioduoad aligh tlp haaviar aaada. But aeeordiag to lalaoa aad Bobarta

(30} vidar qNMiag ia tha rov iaexaaaad aaad aiaa. Lahaaa aad Lahbart

(23) fouad that aaada v a n prognaaivalp ligh tar aa populatioa baoaaa

daaaar aad th ^ alao aotad ao n poda aad aaada par plaat froa vidar

apaaiag.

Plaat halght raportadlp dacraaaad v ith n ta of aaadiag (9).

Sopbaaaa p arfo n daeldadlp battar ia tha vat aaaaoa thaa ia tha

drp aaaaoa vhan tha vat aaaaoa fhULa oa aoatha v ith n la tiv a lp longar

photoparioda. la tha Phllippiaaaf the n a u lta o f tha atudiaa o f Lapoaa

(21 ) Bodrigo aad Usbaaaa (36) aad Calaa a t a l (7) baar out th is

ia fo n a tio a . Suhaaquaat atudiaa by Calaa aad Caatalo (3)» aad Oalaa

aad Boaario (6 ) ahowad a ia ila r n a u lta .

Baaulta froa auaaroua axpariaanta o f Noraa aad Carttar (26)

iadioatad that aogrbaaa do aot nqpoad to aitrogaa fa rtilia a tio a .

fiovavarf Bonaa (32)« loraaa a t a l (33) aad Thoxatoa (36) nportad that

to obtaia high yialda o f aogrbaaa i t aay ba aaoaaaaiy to uaa aitrogaa

fa r tilia a r n th a r thaa to n ly a a t in ly oa ajrabiotie aitrogaa alooa.

l4wno(» (SA) atatad ttaat for tte f l n t 30 daya froa p laatiag,

appXioatloa o f altroK«n fa rtU lM r la a aacaaalty aa aodiOatlcn vltb in

th la pazlod la aot yet advaaced. Nederakl at a l (27) pxaaeatad data

ahonrlag laaorable y ie ld laapooaea froa altrogea appllcatloa* S la lla r

reaulta vert reported by lelaoa (29), Lygna aad Sarlep (25) alao

obtained laoreaacd yielda froa altrogm fe r t illia t lo a . flie flndlaga

of a aort reorat vorfc by lelaoa e t a^ (31) ladieated aarlaua aeed

yield a t I60 pouada I per acre* Wagner (ko) atated ttaat nitrogen

fertU laatio n reaulted la algn lficant Increaaea la aoamodulatlag

aoybeaaa* la further atated that aeed velgbta vere affected* In aa

eaperlnent (37) eooduoted a t tte WalaBaalo Kxperlnantal Pam o f tte

Uelveraity of Bewail higher yielda were obtained froa plota treated

with nitrogen a t tte rate of froa SO to liOO potuda per acre*

teTEIIALS AMD MB7BQDS

Soybean eariety Odgea waa uaed In tte eaverloent* I t la a United

Statea variety derived froa hybrldlaatlai of Tokyo x var* P*l* 34610*

Zt la a grain type of aoybean with olive yeUow colored aeed o f aedlua

alM* ndia variety la grown ch iefly In aouttem United ^ t e a aad la

rated aedlua la te la naturlty^ aaturlng in about l 4l daya in

Nlaalaalppl*

She teat waa coaduated la pots on a vacant lo t a t tte bach of tte

Agronoay fie ld Laboratory 00 tte Manoa eaopua of tte Unlveralty o f

Jlewall* She pots used vere flve-gallo a paint oaaa around lid inehea

la dlaaeter aad IS laetea in height* f i l le d with aoU vy to

appzoxiaatelp om laoh balov tbm brlMf ttep war* arzaagad eloaa to

ana aaoUwr la a Kaaxa block of 8 potSf bp 8 poia 6t traata iat pota

fo r aaek o f four p laatiag dataa.

Tba aoU» a lov bioiio latoaol v ltb a a l lt loan taxtura and dark

xaddlah browa color m b pra«aaalpsad fo r pS aad alaaral coataata.

Dataraiaatlcaa fo r tba adLaaral coataata abowad that ttep vara

praaaat la troM aaouata.

Tba p i datam iaatioa ladloatad ^ t It la la ir lp acid , tba p i

raadlng balag t . 63* Tba tltra tlo a curaa analpala ladleatad aoaa four

tcoa o f U aa par acra vaa zaqulrad to bring tba p i la va l to alx.

Llaa (agricultural U aa) a t a four toaa par acra rate (27 grana

par pot) vaa v<»rkad la aa tborougblp aa poaalbla into tba a o ll fo r

aacb pot bp band. Inoadlatalp a fte r lin in g but before plaating, tba

nlrtura of trabla auparpbonpbata, aurlata o f potaab, aodlun borate

aad annonlun aolpbdata vara applied la aacb pot a t tba acre rata o f

300, 200, 20 aad 2 pounda o f ^w^borua, potaaalun, aodlun terata and

annoolua n^pbdata, raapactlvalp. Tbla alxtura vac band«nlxad Into

tba tgpar two Jnebaa o f the s o il.

Tba d lffaraat lavala o f nltrogaa la tba form of mmmaaixm auliata

vara applied aooa a fte r planting la alagla banda on botb aidaa o f tba

aovn aaada.

Saving vaa Mda aoon a fte r tba blanfcat application o f alzcd

fcrtU lB cr. About double tba a u *a r of aaada ratuircd for tba

d lfta ru it Icvala o f atand vara d rlllad In alngla rear in aaab pot a t a

dcptb of about 1 .3 Inabaa. Appraclnatelp tea dapa a fte r aoviag tba

•M dliago v«ro thleewd datax to 2, k , 6, oaA 6 per pot dopoadiag tqpon

the deaeitp troetaest*

Proa ■oalag vqp to aoturity vateriag vae doae vbuMver aeooMaxy,

A ll veeda vara bud puUed. Otber praoautiaaaxy aaaaurta aada vera

applloatloaa o f ebealeala to protoct tbo plaats agaiaat peata. At

the aaodllag staga vtaaa tbqr var* lU b la to ba daaagad by Afrioaa

aaaila (Achatlaa fa lio a Bord.)« vblab abouad la tba v le ia lty vbart

tba axyarlaaot vaa aat 19, a baad of Ortho Bvg-gata poXlata vaa

plaead arouaft tba p lots tvlea a veek. MOatbioa vaa parlodloally

spzaped to protect the plaata froa poaalble daaage by laaect peeta.

Tba tm t, a fa cto ria l ejvaxlacat, vaa carried ia a ^ p llt-q p llt

p lot deaiga* Tba dpllt< 4pllt p lot layout vaa aa foU ovai

I Whole p lots - b plaatlag dataa v ltb A lap lloatlcaa aacb.

XI Sub-plota • A leve ls of altrogaa v ltb A raplleatlaaa

oaeb*

ZZX 8ub*ebb p lots - A lavala o f v ltb 16 rapllcatlcaa

6

To ■iBlelae bozdor affacto^ tbo four sldas o f tba fla lA vara

llaad v ltb borAar pota.

Tba four datoa o f plaatlag v ltb tb a lr corraapoailag dealgaatlcaa

vera tba foU ovlagt dbauaxy 7» 196A«T] j m ruaxy I6,

Itorcb 20, 196A^3 sad Jibm 1 , 196A-T .

Tba altrogaa levala eoaalatad o f 0 (ooatrol), 60, 120 aad 2A0

pouada par aora. Oa the par pot baaU , the corraBpcadlag aaouats vera

0 # O.bo# 0 .6 2 wiA 1. 6o gzaui. Ttep wart daalgaatad m 1 # 1 and

■# laqpactlvelp.

Tha d iffaraat plaat daaaltlaa uaad vara tha foU oviai v ith th alr

emrraapandlag approxlaata aqulvalaata o f miahar o f plaata par aara

aad rata o f aaadlag par aarai

TRSATNOX IIMKER OP AfPBOXINASE 10. APPBOKIMAXBmSSaATIOi PLAIX/POI Of FUafd/ACBX SKEDIW 9An/k(Sat

I>2 2 100#000 ho#

k aoOfOoo 60#

6 300#000 120#

Oq 8 hOOfOOO 160#

Tha data# o f plaatlag# flovariag aad aaturltp vara raeordad.

Tha data o f flovariag vaa raoordad aa tha data <n vhleh h a lf of

tha plaata la a p lot vara hlooalag.

Tha data of M tv rl^ vaa obaarvad aa tha data oa vhleh 99 paroaat

o f tha pods in a p lot vara dry.

Data for tha foUearlag ehaxmetars vara a lso tskaat

1. plaat halght

2 . auhbar of bsaaehas

3. length o f braaehaa

h. auabar of pods

3. nuabar of abortad ortilas

6 . nuabar o f saads

7 . saad slsa (grans par 100 saads)

PlM t height VM meMwred la eeatlaeten frm the haee to the

tip o f the eohtial etem a t h a m a t time or ■ aturl^.

flliTtanaoua v lth the taking height ■eaaureaant, the awiher of

braaebea were TOoetcd and th eir leagtha aeeauivd la owetlaatera.

Meaaiupeaeat waa mtee fraa ita baae to the tip .

7or a l l plaatinga, the poda vere couated Juat before they were

detaehed from the plaata for ahelllag exeept fo r the June plaatlag

where pod eow ta were aede aoaetioB a fte r pod aettlag but loag before

■aturltp. Couata vere aade thia early fo r the la a t p laatlag beoauae

I t waa a t th la tla e vhea plaata vere ahcwiag algaa of daaage by di^ ft

o f hetblelde qpzayed aear the lo t of the ekperlarat.

Before ah elllag, the ab«rted ow lea vere eouated.

Seed alae vaa obtained by adjuatlng the ovea-dzy weight la gzaaa

o f 100 aeeda eorreeted to 12 percent aolature eoateat.

Seed yield vaa obtaiaed by au ltlp lylag the atmber of aeeda by

the weight la greaa o f 100 aeeda.

A ll the data that req.alreA a ta tla tlc a l treatwm t were atejeeted

to eaalyala o f varlaaee o f the i^ lit> ^ llt p lot deelga with plaatlag

datea aa the aala p lo ta , tte levela o f oltrogMi aa the ate plota aad

the plaat deaaltlaa aa the ate-ate p lota. Data with a lgalflo aat *F*

valuea were further aaalyaed fo r oooparlaoB o f aeaaa by u tU lslag

the Ounoaa'a le v Multiple Beage Teat.

10

u

BE8ULI8 AMD 0I8CU88K *

tbm VMults o f tb» otudp eoaaistod o f two parts. Ttaa f ir s t war*

Tiaual obaartatioos aada duriag the aatlre graviag saaaca, aad the

aacond vara aatual aaaaureaaat data <*taiaad hafore and a fta r hartaat.

fia u a l Fiald Ohaanratlottat

Oeular ohaarvatioaa vare aada oo the geaeral ecnditiana of the

plants during aaeh growing period. It van noted that plants supplied

with nitrogen fa rtU ia a r vare darker green aad relativalp vigorous

vh ila those that reeaivad no nltrogwa fS r tilis a r appeared to ha

aonevhat ehlorotie or pellowlah-greaa. Howavar, plants fa rtilia a d

v ith nitrogen but a t d ifferen t rataa o f applioation did not shew any

d iffe r u itia l eolor reaponaa. Plante in each daaaitp treataaat vare

<d)sarvad to be vaifera in growth axeapt in the thickest danaitp at

eight plants. In th is tzaatm at a nuaber of plants vere spindip and

stunted, aq ^ eia llp in the lower lavala of nitrogen treataanta.

Planta la the Jhnuazy planting ware genarallp aaallar than those of

la te r plantiaga.

Aetunl MMiauranant Patat

Dataa o f planting, flewaring and aaturitp and maabar o f daps fron

planting to flowering aad aaturitp era preaantad la Dubla I.

the nain a ffe cts o f planting dataa, nitrogen leve ls aad plant

daaaitiaa aad th alr iavortant intaracticna fo r piald of aeada, percent

aborted ovulaa, weight par 100 aaada, height of p laata, nuad>ar of

biaaehea aad average length of breaehea are givra in tSblaa XI to I f .

18

« m i X . sA ra s OP P U R z n , m x m m a id lo m m x R i a idMMBXB 0 1 DATS mOM P L A im t} TO

m m m a ab> m asu rxtx

PlanilBgDate

F X ew lacData

» wib<Hr o f Days to Flowoarliig

Motnritgr te to

I t ,

17,196%

32

Mijr 5, 196%

Fobraurjr ifi, 196%

Manii 28, 196%

JODO 10, 196%

H m h 30, 196%

AprU 89, 196%

%1

Joljr 1%, 196%

Jmm 1, 196%

J o lj 16, 196%

%6

Aabaor o f IMqfo to Mtooitar 110

Jnaa 12,

iA ^

U«®

MUr 1T>

IIT^

120^

Kttlmtt B ttro g a

Vito altaragn

ttBLB U . MEAI 8BKD AID FUIT SATA Cl BODBAI PLAIBED « DOFEBBR SASS AIDnmLXXED HZM fAnriio levels or u n o o n n w iL in p

LIVEL OP THU) OP OMoaJnea n obaib RMCUr ABQBKID OVULES MKIOD or 100 SEEDS 11 OBAMBim o Q u *1 *2 *3 « A I »1 *2 *3 w u *1 *2 »3 M ttl

5.42 16.72 4.83 8.99 8.30 22.90 36.50 22.56 16.03 19.17 U .99 15.73

ij^- to d.80 41.96 25.55 25.44 12.73 14.36 13.99 13.70 18.07 22.88 20.36 20.44

■2- 13.44 47.14 29.22 29.95 12.62 14.25 14.74 13.87 17.96 24.06 21.96 21.33

1^ . 2A0 16.25 51.69 36.46 35.53 10.55 12.44 13.91 12.30 16.48 24.92 23.10 22.17

IKAI 10.99 39.43 24.52 24.98 U .05 15.99 19.78 15.61 17.64 22.76 19.36 19.92

LEVEL or EEJOir OP RAIIS n CM. lUBBB or BIAICBKS VEB PLOT AVEMUa LEWn OP BBAECEKS (CM.)imooEi *1 *2 *3 mum *1 *2 *3 MBAI *1 »2 *3 MEAI

V ® Z2.srr 29.60 33.79 28.62 1.06 8.56 9.69 6.44 0.90 4.62 4.81 3.44

l l - 60 27.56 36.96 39.78 34.77 4.19 16.25 13.81 12.08 2.67 8.43 8.17 6.42

1^ 120 29.03 39.25 40.21 36.16 5.25 20.31 15.21 13.59 2.93 9.02 10.36 7.44

s^- 2k0 29.03 40.73 40.55 36.77 6.75 20.62 17.19 14.85 3.10 9.07 10.52 7.56I8AI 26.97 36.66 38.58 34.06 4.31 16.94 13.98 U .74 2.40 7.78 8.47 6.22

XtBLE m . Mttl BMXD AID PLAIT DATd 01 SGflBKAI PXARKD 01 DIITIRBT DATSSAID AT DlPfXBglT PXAIT S8I81TII8

PLUT YIELD OP SEEDS/plot a m m PEBCm ABOnSD OVULES HBIUB OP 100 SEEDS H QSMBD K nm *1 *2 mim * l *2 *3 K AI h »2 *3

MAI

®2 7.0k 29.83 18.97 18.81 13.94 14.74 16.26 15.65 18.07 22.85 19.^7 20.13

9.80 40.46 23.43 24.58 11.80 14.73 20.12 15.54 17.12 21.98 18.96 19.35

®6 12.49 7 .77 30.10 30.12 7.90 15.80 19.32 14.26 17.89 23.19 19.40 20.18

14.64 39.86 25.58 26.82 10.55 18.89 21.44 18.98 17.48 23.01 19.82 20.03

MUI 10.99 39.^3 24.52 24.98 11.05 15.99 19.78 15.81 17.64 22.75 19.38 19.92

PLAIT EUOir OP P1AII6 XI CM. maSSE OP SB4ICIE8 PDt PLOT AVnMS LUOTB OP BKAICBB8 (CM.)DBISm *1 *2 *3

MEAM *1 *2 *3 NlU *1 *2 "3

®2 23.88 3^.25 38.53 31.48 3.12 12.12 8 .8 8 8.04 3.05 10.53 9 .86 7.75

26.28 36.26 36.94 33.83 4 .3 8 18.36 14.58 U .7 7 3.02 8 .82 9.31 7.05

®6 29.56 36.88 39.57 38.00 5.08 19.12 16,25 13.46 1.89 6.97 8.55 5.00

26.39 37.34 39.28 35.00 4.69 20.12 18.12 13.84 1.82 4 .81 8.34 4.26

MAI 26.97 38.69 36.58 34.06 4.31 18.94 13.95 U .73 2.40 7 .78 8.47 8 .2 2

TABLB XT. MBAS S I B ) AB> PLABF DATA OS 80XBSAS FB t t XLI Z P VXIB TAHXIIO L B T B S OS 11X 11000 AB) PLA IEB) AT M PrO O XLA H T D BBX X X O

P fA iT ..... ....DOBXTT

T X l^ OP SIBD S P O PLOT XB ORAMS PBR CBSX AB02T19 OTOLBS WBIOW OF 300 S B a m ORAMS

•*0 " i * 2 •%MBAS

"0 * 1 *%MSA.S

■0 • 1 * aMIAS

6 .a B 1 6 .8 7 2 1 .9 3 2 9 .3 7 1 8 .6 1 21 .6% 1 5 .9 6 1 3 .9 7 1 1 .0 0 1 5 .6 5 1 5 .9 1 2 0 .6 6 2 1 .1 2 2 3 .0 3 2 0 .1 2

% T .t o 2 6 .% 9 30.% 5 3 3 .7 1 2% . 56 2 2 .5 2 1 2 .1 3 1 3 .7 8 1 3 .7 5 1 5 . 5% 1% .28 20 .5% 2 1 .1 5 2 1 . %8 1 9 .3 5

» 6 10 .0 8 3 0 .6 0 36.0 0 %3 .8 0 3 0 .1 2 2 1 .8 0 1 2 . 9% 1 1 .8 6 K ).% 3 1% .28 1 6 .1 5 20 . 5% 2 1 .3 7 2 2 .5 9 2 0 .1 6

1 2 .0 2 2 7 .7 9 31.% 3 35.2% 2 6 .6 2 2% .22 1 3 .7 3 1 5 .8 7 1% .01 1 6 .9 6 1 6 .6 3 2 0 .2 3 2 1 . 6 9 2 1 .5 6 2 0 .0 3

ICBAS e .9 9 25.%% 2 9 .9 5 3 5 .5 3 2% .98 2 2 .5 6 1 3 .1 0 1 3 .8 7 1 2 .3 0 1 5 .6 1 1 5 .7 3 ao.%% 1 9 .9 2

n s fSBB39T

®2 26.21 32.00 33.75 33-96 31«%8 %.06 7.75 30.17 30.17 8.0% %.89 6.62 9.5% 9.96 7.75

®% 28.71 3%.8% 35.73 36.66 33.8% 6.25 12.75 13.92 3%. 17 11.17 %.a6 7. 9% 8i29 7.95 7.05

30.02 36.88 38.2% 38.89 36.01 7.75 l%-75 1%»25 17.17 13«%8 2.70 6.33 7.36 6.82 5.80

®8 29. 5% 35.95 36.9% 37.38 35.00 7.67 13.08 15.92 17.92 13.65 1.92 %.79 %.8l 5-51 %.26

KBW 28.62 3%.77 36.36 36.77 3%.oe 6.%% 32.06 13.56 1%.86 11.7% 3.%% 6.%2 7.%% 7.56 6.22

■ -/T;

Thalr oonagpoadiac grapU axa glraa la riguraa I to 6* Thalr

aaalysaa o f rariaooa a rt anpaadad (^yaadlx Thhlaa 1 to 3)* Tha

Diaoaa*s la v M ult^^ Baaga Taat ara Ukairlaa appmdad (dppradlx

Thblaa 7 to 9)»

Tha trtnda o f raapooaa to tho d lffaraat traatam ta on tha auidtar

o f aaoda# auhbor o f poda aad maahar of abortad oaulas alth ar par plant

or par p lot vara feuad to ba aaaaatially a ia lla r to that o f ylold of

aoada. Ia vlav o f thla# It vaa donaad iacooaaqvaatlal to dlaetiaa thaa

ladlTldually.

Z. Baaacaaa to Plaatlag Dataai

A. B ffact oa H ovarlag aad m tnrlty*

Tha dlffaraaeaa la audbar o f daya to flovariag aad

m tv n ty ia p laatlag dataa ara ra la tlv e ly a a a ll. Tha

dlffbivaeaa hatvam plaatlag dataa la thaaa tvo

aMouraaittta apfoar to bo too aaall to OMooat fo r tha

£* to 3-fold laoraaao ia ylo ld o f la ta r p la a tla g ovmr

JUKtimty p laatlag. Zt la auivaetod that thara aapba othar

e«atributll^( faotora ralatad to tla a o f tha yaar that

aiMrtad graatar lafluaaea aa aaad yla ld thaa dataa of

flovariag rad aatu rlty. Oaa aueh faetor alght ba

evaalatlva aiuber o f aimllght houra durlag tha aatlra

parlod o f grovth. Ia th is raspaot# tha dlffaraaeaa batvara

Jaauary aad tha la ta r tvo plratlaga vara la tha order o f

100 to 200 hours. Tha parsaat d iffa m e a s batvaaa Jaauary

aad February plaatlaga la matotr o f days fo r flovar sad

16

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36

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P L A N T I N G D A T E

nguM 1. W \ at plaatiag date ea aeed aad plaat ohanMtera.

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N I T R O G E N L E V E L

r ic u n 2. IffiM t o f oitrogftft U n i m Mod and pU at etaiaotara.

19

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P L A N T D E N S I T Y

20

16

8 12

2 0□2 D4 Dg Dg

rig u n 3* EfToet o f plant dw ultp on aoad aad plaat eJaazmotora.

20

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80>£Oc owm 6

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NI TROGEN L E V E L

rigum 4 , EffWet o f plnntii^ date and altrofen le v e l on Med aad plaat e te ia e U n .

£I

,1L_LDg D4 Dg Do D. D, Dc2 4 " 6 ’ 8

P L A N T D E N S I TY

D4 D3 D3

Flfura 9* E fftct of p loatlac 6*t« oad plaat deaalty oa aeod aad plaat etexaetara.

22

D o Dg D4 De Dj Do D Dc

P L A N T D E N S I T Y

Figure 6 . E ffect o f altrogea leve l end pleat density cn seed end pleat* ebeiaotere.

m tu n aad euaulatlv* aualight houni wart 6 . 2# h.3 and

10.0 pcretat# rtapaetl'w ly* Of tte thrta aaaaajwanitt/

tlM biggaat dlffbraaot la la eaauXatlwa aualigbt boura.

Aaotbar factor eould bare baaa laeraaalag ta^paxataraa froa

Jbauaxy oamrd but vaatbar data (Appradlx Ibbla U>) ladicata

that Fabruaxy waa eoXdar tiaaa Jbauary ao that ta^parature

aa a fbetor appaars to taawa baaa a aagllg lb la fbetor.

Tba la ta a t plaatlag ttaat xaacbad aaturlty to ^ 118

daya to aatura. But undar aalalaad Ualtad SUtaa eaadltloas

tba aaaa aarlaty vbta grown aa a auaaar crop la Mlaalaaippl

atta laa aaturlty la Ih l daya. Ibay ara aatually aot qulta

ooaparabla baeauaa tbay ware plaatad uadar d lffaraat aontba

o f the yaar# but a atudy eoaduetad la Bawall (17) aiMvad

ttaat lUoKl# Larado aad Edward vhleh aoraally atature la

IhO to 170 daya oa tha aalalaad Ualtad Stataa aa a auaaar

erop# aitura la 110 to 130 daya la a n a ll vhaa plaatad

alao aa a auaaar crop. I t appaars then that tha aaturlty

of Ogdaa is ahortaatd ooaaldarably when groan in troploal

Miwall.

B. Bffbat OB PrBdttctloa and Flnnt Orowth.

Aa to ba aapaotad tha f ir s t plaatlag nada la Jhnaary

had the loaast y ie ld , yabruazy plaatlag raoordad a

pheaoaeaal laaraaaa la seed yield oaar tha January

plaatlag# tha rata o f laeraaaa being 3*8 tla a s. The

y la ld o f Uroh plaatlag waa ho paroaat Icvar than tba

23

high yield rtcozded la Fehruazy pleatlag hut wae e t lU 2 .4

tlaee higher thaa that o f Jmuaxy planting.

2a viev o f the H atted auMher of plaatlaga tede^ there

ia no d efin ite way o f explalaing the lack of lin ea rity la

laereaae of y ie ld with preanaehly CQBtlnulag iaproveaeata

ia veather eeadlticaa vhieh ordinarily ahould reault la

laereaaed produetica aa veather coDditlooa keep oa

liraTotia%,

2a apite o f the leek of l inear ity la y ield laereaae»

aevertheleaa^ the yielda of the tvo la te r plaatlaga vere

ao Huah higher thaa that of the e a rlie a t pleating aade la

January ao that i t ia reaaonahle to aaauae that yield of

aoytean evw la the tropica ia even aore profoundly affected

by the tine o f year o f pleating thaa ia tenperate arena.

Previoua atudy ( l6 ) eoodueted vader BBnailaa coaditioaa

shoved aoas diffem aoea ia yield o f aeeda o f plaatiaga

aade during d ifferen t aontha o f the year. Lover yielda

were associated with plaatlaga aade ea aoathe with shorter

dayleagtha. Thlpphavcng in hia atudy (37) found d iffe re a tia l

seed yield reaponae during d ifferen t aeaaone o f planting.

In the naialaad United States* reaulta o f a ia ila r iaveatlgationa

(3* 10* 12* 22* 34* 39* 42) Indicated reduction in y ie U aa

influenced by delay la planting. Other studies (5* 6 * 7* 36)

alao shoved aeed yield differences due to d ifferen t aeasona

of planting.

2 k

T ten «M a prograaalva iacxaaaa In tba paroant

abortad <milaa froa Jbauarp tbrougb Narob. Iba parcaat

abMrtioa o f Fabruaqr plaotlag vaa 1 .4 tlaea bigbar tbaa tbat

o f tba Jbauaxp plaatiag aad Naieb plaatlag vaa 1 .8 tlaaa

bigbar tban tbat of Jbauarp pXaatiag*

Altbougb tba parcaatagaa of abortad ovulaa aotad la

tba la ta r two plaatiags vara bigbar tbaa tbat o f tba carXlaat

p laatlag, tb ^ vaza not blgb aaoigb to advaraalp affaot

aaad plalda to map appreelable aztM t.

Tba valgbt par 100 aaada axblbltad aoaa a iga iflcaat

dlffaraatoaa aaoog plaatlag dataa. Howavar, dlfferaaeaa

vara a iga iflcaat oalp batwaen Jaauaip aad Fabrvarp, aad batvaaa

Narsb aad Fabruaip. Saada of Fabruazp planting vara 1.29

tlaaa baavlar tbaa thoaa o f Jaauazp aad 1.18 tlaaa baavlar

ttaaa tboae of M rcb. Thaaa flndlnga ara not In agzvaaant

v ltb tboaa o f Walaa at a l (42) , Oalar aad Carttar (34) aad

Torrla aad Briggs (39)* Tbalr resu lts ladleatad tbat aaad

slsa was asaantiallp not laflueacad bp p lastias dataa. Tba

raaulta of tba praaaat taat la tb la ragarl do not alao

oo^platalp coofora v ltb tba raporta o f Abal ( l) and lalson

aad Bobarts (30) tbat aaad alaa dlalalabad v ltb dalapad

plantlaga bacauaa la tb la atudp aMda o f Fabruazp plaatlag

vara a ta tla tle a llp basTlar tban tboae o f Nareb.

Vltb ragazd to plant growtb, variatlona vara also

obaarrad due to planting dataa. It v lU be noted tbat

25

26

fla a ts In Pabruazy and Ikmb plnatiag dataa vara

a lga ifio aatly ta lla r tbaa tboae plaatad la Jaanaiy* Thoaa

o f Pabruazy aad Itorab plaatlnga vara X*37 aad X*4A tlaas

ta llar* Flaata plaatad ia Nurob vara ta lla r tb n tboaa

plaatad la Pabruaiy* Bovawr, tb a lr dlffanm aaa vara aot

a ta tla tle a lly algn lfloaat.

Tba probabla raaaoa for tb la aoa-algalfloaaea aigbt ba

tbat tba daylangtb dlffaraaeaa batvaaa tbeaa tvo pXaatlaga

during tba vagatatlva grovtb vara aot Xaxga eao%g(b to

trlggar a algalfloan t laoraaao la balgbt la tba Mureb

plaatlag* Tba d^ laogtb data (A]^aadlx Tibia 11) Indioata

tbat tba parlods froa p laatlag to flovariag of tbaaa tvo

plaatlnga bad oaly about b alf aa hour dlffaraaca la

daylaagtb*

Tba prograaalva iaeraaaa la plaat balgbt v ltb p laatlag

la tb la anparlaaat la oloaaly ralatad v ltb raduotloa la

balgbt v ltb delay la p laatlag la prevloaa taata (lA , l 8, 90,

39, As) baeauaa tbla praam t azgparlaHit vaa aada under

eondltloaa v ltb laeraaalag daylaagtb vbaraaa ^ravloua

axperlaaata vera oerrlad uader deoraaaiag daylai^th*

Ifcider tba praseat atudy, Qgdea, tba variety uaed

ettelaed belov awzage height o f ebout 12 laebes eoaparad

v ltb Ita balgbt o f 3A inebaa la aaialand Ualtad Btatea vttmu

grova la auaaar* lb a pravloua oxparlam t la aauall (Id)

out of tba lA varlatloa teatad duriag tba v la ta r aeatba oaly

0 -too-taa axeaadad Id laebaa ia balgbt*

27

As WM the eSM in plant ttaight, s ta tia tim llp aignifiennt

Alffaranaaa in tha avanga mnibar and langth o f bvaaehao vara

aotad batvoan Januazy aad la to r two plantiaga. fabzwnzp aad

Ntrcb plantiaga fend nova aad longer braaobea ttaan Jbnuazp

planting. February bad four tiaas and mzeb bad tbrea tiaas

aoza bzanetaes than «tanuazy. Both February aad Mareb iaad

bzanebes four tiaaa longer tian January.

XX* Banaonae to Bitzoaan FertU iaatiqn and ita Inteznction with itiinntiaa Date. “

A. I f f act cn Flowering and Hztuxity.

apite of the lazge ineraaae in y ield zeaulting fron

nitrogen fe rtilla a tio n , lewela o f nitrogen fertU iaatio n bad

p raetiea lly no e ffe c t on delaying o f flowering aad natnrity.

Xn a l l plantiag dates, a l l p lots wbetber treated or vntrMkted

vith n i t r o n fe r t ilis e r flowered or natured at pzmotioally

the aam tin e. The nunber o f days to aaturlty ranged fron

110 to 120 days as conpared to l 4l days required to reaeh

aaturlty when grewn etrietly ee a eieaBer crop la Nieeiasiypi.Despite nitrogen fertU iaatio n and inereaae in plant denaity,

Ogden atm Mtured 22 to 13 percent e a rlie r in Jiawnii.

Previoua study in Bawaii (16) shoved that B ilen i, laredo

aad Idward which take l4o to 170 days to nature when grown

in the nalnland Uaited Stotea, nature in U O -ip days in

Bawnil even when grown a t the peak o f aunaer nontha. Xt

qpponra that soybean aaturea aueh e a rlie r la the tropiea

26

n g srlle M of eultuxml p n ctieo s beceuM of Urn lexge

d if fo m t la l la Icagtb o f days. I i tte troples tte loegest

days reoce from 12 to 13 boun vterees ia temperate erMis

tte lomgest days xaags from Ib to 1? hours.

B. E ffect om Predueticm ami Plaat Oromth.

Seed yield data e learly iadleate that seed yield s are

iBflusaoed by leve ls o f altrogea fertU isatlom . A ll aitrogea

treated p lots yielded s i« e lf ieaatly higher them tte ao

aitrogea eoatrol p lo ts. There was a remsxhably la ige laerease

ia y ield from tte f ir s t aitrogea iaereaeat a t tte rate o f 6o

pouads per acre, tte laerease belag almost tr ip le . Farther

iaereaeats from th is rate did not give proportloaal laerease

ia tte y ie ld o f seeds. Tte treataeat reeelTlag 120 pouads ■

per acre, was a l i t t le aMre thsa three times that tte

control, vtereas that of tte highest rate, 2bo pouads I per

acre was almost four times higher than that of tte ecmtrol.

Tte large y ie ld zespoose from treataeat reeelTlag 6o

pouads I per aore over tte ao aitrogea p lot was due to tte

low eom tnt o f aatlve aitrogea la tte s o il used ia th is te st

or tte iasdequaey o f aitrogea elaborated by aodulatloa.

Leaaoa (2b) reported positive response to aitrogea ia

M naliaa s o ils . More reoeatly Thippfaavoag (37) reported

that seybeaa re^poaded to aitrogea fe rtU la a tlo a . E arlier

voihero (23, 27, 29, 32, 33, 38, bO) a lso reported favorable

y ield rshpoBses to altroipm fe rtU lsa tio a .

29

Data abQa that aaalaua aaad yiald vaa obtalaad vhea

aitrogaa vaa aypliad a t tha xmta of 24o powada par aera,

tha highaat rata in thia aapariaaat* But Balaon aad hia

eo«voxkara (31) r^ortad that ylald iaeraaaad vith aitrogaa

lavala vjf to l 6 o pouada par acra oaly. Thippkavong (37)

aotad zvapoaaa vhaa aitrogaa vaa appliad at 50 to 100 pouada

par aara* Thia diaorupaaey aay ha priaarily dua to

diffaraaeaa ia tha aaouata of aitrogaa origiaally preaaat

ia tha aoU* Aaida froa tha aitrogaa f a r t i lity diffaraaeaa

of tha aoil aad probahla diffaraaeaa in othar eaviroiHMntaX

fhatora, d if lh m t ia l raapcnae of differaat varietiaa to

B itr o i^ fartiliaa tio a n y alao hava eoatrihuted a lo t to

tbaaa eoaflictiag raaulta*

toa lia itad autoar of taata oa I fartiliaatioai of aogrbaaa

la B n a il elaarly indioato high ragpcaaa to aitrogaa

fartU iaar*

la coatxaat, ia tha aaialaad Uoitad Btataa, eooflietiag

taepoaaa has baaa Obtaiaad trcm M fartilia a tio a . Tha

eooditioaa uadar vhieh I fartilia atio a tr ia la vara coaduotad

ia toa Qaitad Btataa ara quita diffhiwat froai tha fav that hava

baaa eooduetad ia BRvaii. la tha Uoitad Stataa tr ia la , B vaa

toPllto to aoybaaa eropa aahiag tha baat of grovth uadar tha

haat eliaatia aonditioaa of optiaua taapazaturaa aad laagtha

of day. Alao, toaparata aoila ara gaaazally aora fa rtila

thaa tropioal aoila, ao that thay ara laaa lih aly to ahov

blgh raqpoBM to I. On tho coBtimzp, I ftrtillMr teats la flavall bava baea ooedueted duriag tba aaaaon of tba paar vbaa produetlTltp la at Ita lowaat bbb dua to advaraa ooadltlooa of abort laagtb of dapa aad loaar teapaxaturaa.

Iba blgb bitrogaa laral a plaatlag date lateraotlon baara out tba Ibet tbat altrogan abovad dlffaxaatlal affaet oa aaad plaid at dlffaraat plaatlag dates. Tbla blgb lataraetloa was aceounted for bp tba slight plaid laemaaaa dua to nltrogaa traateukta la Jbauaxy planting aad tba larga laortasaa obtalaad botb la Pabruaxp and mroh plantlaga. It vlll ba obaarvad tbat tba Jaauazp plaatlag reealriag no nitrogen, aaad plaid vaa oalp trlfla bigbar tbaa tba eorraspoadlag cbacb plota of Mircb plaatlag but tba raaponsa to larala of nltrogaa fartlllaatlon vaa ovar tvloa aa blgb.

Lazga diffaraaoaa la parcent abortad seeds vara obaarrad batvaaa tba oontrol aad tboae tbat raealvad altrogaa fertUlaars. In tba no nltrcgaa traataant tba parcaat abortad aaada for tba tbzaa plaatiag dataa wma 22.56 parcMt, alaoat tvloa greater tbaa tboaa at 60, 120 aad 240 pound I par acre, vblob vena 13*70, 13*87 bad 12.30 parcaat, raapaetlTelp. Tba blgb pazcantaga of aaad abortion la tba ao altrogaa treateent asp bava contrlbutad partlp to tba d^raasloa of plaid la this treataent. Data bovavar, sbow tbat at 0 laval of altrogaa tba Icwaat pareaataga abortad ovula vaa reeozdad la tba Jaauazp plaatiag vblla at tba saaa laval tba two blgbaat

31

pareaatagas vara raoordad fo r Fdbruaiy aad Mireh plaatlaga.

Saad alaa (waiglit par 100 aaada) waa a a ta rla lly

lafluanead by altrogaa fa r tllls a tlo o . Xt prograaalwaly

laoraaaad with I larrela. lowawir# a ta tla tlo a lly a lgalflo aat

dlffarraaaa vara oaly aotad batvaaa tba esntrol aad tboaa

that reealvad altbar 80# ISO or 2h0 pouada M par aora. Soada

o f plota trratod with altrogaa vara on the avaraga 1 .3 tiaaa

baavlar thaa tboaa o f tba ao altrogaa plota.

Prevlotta axparlaaata alao abovad iaeraaaaa la saad

valgbt aa oaa o f tba ragpoaaaa to altrogaa fa rtU la a tlo a .

Uagaar (ho) raportad laexaaaad aaad a lts raaultiag froa

altrogaa trsatam t. la. aaotbar report (37) I t la ladloatad

that aaad alaa abovad pealtlva raapooaa to altrogaa.

Tbare waa a a igalflaoat altrogaa lawal x plaatlag data

lataraotloa oa aood walgtata. Ibia vaa p rla a rlly dua to tba

axtraaaly low aaad valgbt o f tbo coetral la Nareb plaatlag#

vbleb waa ooaaldarably lovar than that raoordad la Jbcmaxy

planting.

lltrogM i fa rtU la a tlo a abovad aoae aypraelabla lafluaaea

oa plaat growth, n a ata fartU laod with nitro(sux a t the

rata o f 80# 120 aad 2ho pouada par aora vara a iga lflo aa tly

ta lle r thaa plaata reoalwiag ao altrogaa. Sowawar# plaata

auppllad with altrogwa fa rtU lsa r a t alth ar 8o# 120 or 2hO

pouada par aera did aot a ig a lflca a tly d lffa r la halght.

There waa a a lga lfiaaat altrogaa lawal x plaatlag data

lataxaetlott vhleh ratnilted froa the ooeurraaee o f ta ilo r

32

plaata ia Fabruaiy tbaa ia Nureb vbaa fa rtilia a d v ltb

altrogaa a t tba rata of pomda par aero*

Paruaal oa tbo data v U l aiaoa tbat aora altrogaa la

aaoaaaaxy to bocMt Ita grcNrtb vbaa ac^baaaa la plaatad oa

Boatbs v ltb abortaat daylaagtb aad tbat tba aaed fo r I t

bacoaaa laaaar aa daylaigfth baooaaa loagar. Zt v lU ba

aotad tta t ia Jiaauary aa v a il aa la Fabruary plaatiags

altrogaa a t Um rata of froa 120 to 2A0 poiaida par aora vaa

rovilrod la order to a tte la Ita ■aalaua baigbt* la tba

la taat p laatlag aada la Nareb, plaata vera alroady able to

aaba aaalaua grovtb ovaa vbaa zato o f altrogaa vaa oaly a t

60 pouada par aora*

Tblppbavoag (37) alao obaarvad raq^oaaa la p leat

balgbt to altrogaa fb rtU laatlo a of aoybeaa plaatod la fa ll*

■Itrogaa fa rtU lM tlo a baa favcHtably laflbeaead tba

aubtar aad average leagtb of braaeboa* Tbara vara aora

braaebaa aad tbaaa vara loagar vbm plaata vara auppllad

with altrogaa. At tba f lr a t altrogaa laeraaaat a t 60

pouada par acre tba auabar aad avaxage laagtb of braaebaa

vara tvlee tboaa o f tba eoatrol* Tbara vera alao a ta tla tlo a lly

aiip ilfloaat iaereaaea la tba miafcar aad average laagtb of

braaebaa a t tba aext tvo laeraaaata o f altrogaa but tbay

vara aot proportloaal to iaereaaata* Rh aubtar o f braaebaa

vaa ealy a l i t t le aora ttaaa double tbat o f 0 altrogaa*

Likavlae, tba avezaga leagtb o f braaeboa vaa oaly l i t t le

33

■ore ttaea tviee es long m thoee that reeeived ao

altrogea.

The aitrogm le v e l x pleating date iatexaotioaa vere

algairieaat fo r both the auai»er aad average length o f

braaehas. The fom er vaa due to eore braaehiag ta

February thaa in Nureh vhea plota received aitrogea aad

the lesser branch tag la February thaa ia March vhra p lots

vere not fe rtilis e d v ith nitrogen. The la tte r waa accounted

fo r by longer braaehea la February thaa ia March when plota

vere aapplied v ith aitrogea a t the rate o f 60 pouada per acre.

Qeaerally* the treads o f reapooae in the weight per

100 aeeda and in a l l ths vegetative charecters diacuaaed

closely paralleled that aaaifeated by y ield o f aeeda. Mach

cae of then progreaaively laereaaed v ith aitrogoi le v e l.

Qa ths contrary* percent aborted ovule maim or le ss decreased

aa aitrogea leve l iaoreaaed.

XXX. teaaoaae to Plant Dmaity and it s xnteractica v ith y iaatim BRe aad Mitroaea Level. ' ■ .

A. E ffect aa Floverina aad Maturity.

Aa aight be expected* plaat d caai^ had ao e ffe c t oa

dates o f flowering aad aatu rity. Of the three aeries o f

treataaats i t appeara that only pLaatiag tla e has exerciaed

aoaa aaouat o f influence ia delaying flowering aad Maturity.

B. Bffiiet on rroduction aad FUnt Orcwth.

Of tte thraa faetors under study, levels o f deasity

treatnsats aboved tbe lea st e ffe e t on seed yield* flowever,

the fact that treatnM t did abonr noderate Inereaae, aad

0 a s ifn ifie a a t inereaae in y ield otver tbe vbleh la

about tbe usual plantiag denaity, iadieate that winter

plantiaga abould be seeded aucb aore heavily thaa rnmmr

plantings*

luneroua e a rlie r atudlea (2 , 4 , 6 , 13, 20, 26, 4l , 43,

44) ahowed that eloae gpaeiaga both between and within the

row iaoraaaed seed y ie ld . Although theae aad the preanat

te s t are not quite eoag^aiahle beoauae they vere aade under

d ifferen t growing eoadltiona, but in view o f the aubatnatlal

dlfferenees nnong denaitiea i t acena lo g ica l to asaune that

d iffcraa t dansity treatnenta resulted la d iffe re n tia l

reaponae in y ie ld .

Tbe plant density x plantiag date iatarnctlona was

highly s ig a ifie a a t. n u a elgnlfleaaee wae eaused by

trentneat yielding the noat in Jhauaxy but deeidadly lower

than in FSbrunry aad Itoreh. There wne also n high plant

daaai^ x nitrogM lavel intem etion. Its ai^zifleance was

p rln arlly due to the progresalve iaerenae in y ield with

dwialty nt the 0 pound le v e l o f nltrogea and ita raduction

at the highest dansity when aitregaa was applied eith er nt

6o, 120 or 240 pounds per sere.

35

Tba lakaiaetlca data batvaan plaat d n a lty va* p laatias

data iadiaata that ia Jbauaxy plaatiaga aoybaaa eaa probably

ba baaafitad by haaviar aaadiag thaa baaauaa grovth ia at

ita IcNraat abb dua to ahortaat daya o f tha yaar. Zt ia

furthar ahowa that plaatiaga vd a la ta r than Jhauaiy oayba

aaadad only vp to 0 fo r iaeraaaa ia aaad yiald*

Baaad oa tha plaat danaity x aitrogaa latazaetioa data

i t aaaaa that a t 0 aitrogm laval plant d«M ity eaa be

iaeraaae higher thaa aad that v ith a ltro g tt fa r t iliM r

aq^aelally a t highar lavala poaitiva zvapoaaa to daaaity

traataant can ba obtaiaad vhaa laval ia only aa high aa D «

Faraaat abortad ovula did aot ahov aay zvaponae to daaaity

traataaata.

Likawiaa, tha valght par 100 aaada vaa aaaaatially

vnaffaetad, eontzaiy to pravioua fiadiaga. Probat (35)

raportad that narrov v ith ia tha rov apaeiag produoad

a lig h tly haaviar aaada. But aeaordiag to another raport

(30) vidar qpaeiag ia tha rov iaeraaaad aaad aiaa. Othar

vozfcara aueh aa Lahaaa aad Latoart (23) fouad that aeada

vara prograaaivaly ligh tar vhaa papulatian baoaaa daaaar.

Baaponaa in plant height vaa p ia e tiea lly the aaaa aa

that ia aaad y ia ld . toxiaua haight vaa attaiaad only vhaa

danaity vaa aa hito Bayond thara vaa raduetion

ia haight probably due to ovarerovdiag. Tbaaa raaulta aora

or laaa eoafoia v ith tha fiadiaga c f Caapar aad Sadth (9) .

Height siga lfio h atly naoted to dansity treatmeata a t d iffereat

plaatiag datea* I t w ill be noted that height dlffareaoea ia

tereh a t aad txeataeats vere eaall eoepaxed to thoae

oeeurrlag ia Jeaiaaxy aad fteruaxy. fh la aeena to in&ieate

that as dayleagth laoleases aad perhaps as other atteadaat

factors beooee eore favorable aeediag should be asde less

heavily.

The auaber o f braaahes per p lo t, likew ise laerease v lth

density* There vere s ig n lflea a tly aore bzaachss a t the three

higher d easltlea thaa a t the lowest deasity.

There was d lffe re a tia l respoose la auahsr of bxaaehss

to plaat d u s lty durlag d ifferea t dates o f planting. O lffsm o ss

bstveea ^ greater la February aad Mureh than

ia January. Thla aeeouated fo r the a lgalflo aat lateraetloa.

Coatsazy to the reapondea la plaat height and auaber o f

biaaehee, the average length ot bnaehea tended to deereaae

aa dcaalty beoaae thinker. However, a iga ifieaat d iffe m o e

wee found only betw««a and D .

Both the plant deaaity x plaatiag date aad plaat denaity

X aitrogea latezmctloas vere a ig a ifiea at. The f ir s t was due

to shorter braaehes a t Pg ^ Mereh thaa ia Fabruaxy vh lla

the seeood vaa oauaad by ahorter brsaehes both a t P aad P

vhea nitrogen fe r t ilis e r was applied s t the rate o f 2bo

pwmAm per acre thaa vhea the rate o f applloatloa vaa 120

pouada per acre.

37

Aa ahcwB by tba data on botb aaad ylaXd aad avaiaga

laagtb o f bzaaebaa, i t la elaarly ladleatad tbat la apita

of tba abortar bzaaobas a t tba higher daaaltp traatM ata

plaid vaa not advaraalp affaetad. Appareatlp, I f tbare vaa

any advaraa a ffa et a t a l l i t vaa eaaeallad out bp tba larger

n ugar of brawkbea a t bigbar deasltlaa.

Tba rasxata oa p leat daaaltp studies ladloata o ff

eaaaoa produetlea o f aogrbaaa la tba tropica eaa ba ineraaaad

bp adjuatlag tba plaat dw altp aocordlag to tba tlaa of

p laatlag, balag blgbaat a t tba dead of v la ter aoatba of

DaaaMar aad Jaauazp aad dacraaslag tb a n a fter la a ltb sr

dlraotloa v ltb deoraasa or laeraaaa la grovlag a lla a tla

eoadltloaa*

SUMKLBZ AID C<MCLUBK* 8

Urn laweatitfxtloiui on the e ffe ct of p lM tiag date, nitrogen

fertU lan tlcn and plant d«Mitty oa tha y la ld o f aaed o f aoybaaa grown

during oooler nad ahozter daya o f the year in trcp lcn l ttm nli ahowed

highly a ljn lfle a n t reaponaea to a l l three treatnenta* Tiald o f aaed

of plaatiag mAm in February waa 3*6 tinea greatar thaa that o f

Jaauazy plantiag, aad that o f Nareh planting wna 2 .2 tiaaa graatar

thaa that o f January planting. A ll lavela o f nitrogen recoidad higher

aaad produetloa than that raceiwiag no nitrogan. The yield

d iffe re n tia l wna p articu larly aarked bctwaaa no nitrogen plota aad

those that received the lowest inerenant o f nitrogan nt the rate o f 6o

pounds o f nitrogen per acre. Dacreaae in plant denaity up to

treataanta v ith s ix plants par pot ahovad inereaae in y ield but the

inoiense was re la tiv e ly aaall eoapazed to other trentneat sariea.

BecponMc vere aotad in seed siae aad paraeat hhortad aaada but

the dlffareaoea ware only a freetion of those noted in seed yield*

leaponaea in plant ohnznetera to tzentnanta vere even nore

pronounced then in yield of seeds * Contmiy to aoq^ctatloa, however,

the Increaaed stinulntlon in growth by tzentam te vns not reflected in

proportioonl iaerenae In eeed y ie ld .

Qm reaulta o f th is teat iadicnta that soybean planted in the

tzepiea during the eoU er aad ahorter daya flower aad nature a a rlia r

aad la ahorter in height in qpite of aitregca fe r t illa e r aad plant

denaity treatacata but i t doea ahow that eonsidereble inereaae ia need

36

yield oan be obtained by a eoteiaatioa o f aitrogea fe r t ilita t io a and

aa iaoraaae ta p leat density*

Tba reaulta have tunMd out to be s ta tia tie a lly highly a igaifioaat

but before aay d efia lte eoaeluaions eaa be drawn* the tea t aust be

repeated under fie ld eonditioaa aad preferably over the entire year.

Moreover* reaulta ia B n a ii obtained under the friage o f the tropieal

soae aay aot be aeeesaarily applieable to vet equatorial belt* 10

oa eith er aide o f the equator where the length o f daya axe even

shorter* without aone aodifieationa in treatneat eoabiaationa or ia

aitrogea fe rtilia a tio a aad plant deaaity* Another stuabliag block aay

be exceaalve raiaa during curing. Despite the aaay draVbacka to

aoybeaa productica ia the tropica* i t i^pears that i t ia aot iapoaaible

that the adverse e ffe c ts o f ahort daylength oaa be o ffse t by

appropriate fe r tilia a tio a aad plaatiag deaaity* thus videaiag the

latitude of eroppiag iaatead of the uavnl single orop la suener.

39

LlXniATUBB CIXBD

ho

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th llo y la ca llfo m ia . Agroa. Jour. 33>93«98*

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Bal. Ihi8 l .

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alewM aarlatiaa o f aopboaaa. P h il. Agrle. 33(7) <7^ 378*

7 ‘ Baleacla, I . 0 . aad J. Y. IkUE ffa ^ of aaaa aeloctloa o f tha aaad and of aaaaoa o f plnatlng oa tha yield o f aoybaaa. P h il. Agrle.32(h) 1318. 328.

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k l

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b2

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27. Mtdarski, a. J ., Hllaoa, J . H. aad a . V. VoU1938. IMapcmaa o f aoybaaaa to pIoir«dowa aad alda draaa

applicatloaa o f altxogaa oa irrigatad aad aon»lxrigatad a o ila . OlOo Agr. Bipt. 8ta . Baa. C ir. 39. 8 pp.

28. Mdtm. W. J . aad J . L. OarttarX93b. Soybaaai Culture aad variatiM . U.8.S.A. la n a ra Bui.

I 5 a o . 3 3 BP*

29. Balaoa, C. E.1962. Ecnr about eoybaaos fo r the Coltebia Baaiaf Uaah. Agr.

Bap. 8ta . C ir. 230. 9 pp.

30. la lao a , C. B. aad 8. Bobarta1982. B ffM t o f p laat dpaolag and plaatiag data on alx variatlaa

o f aoybaaaa. Uaab. Agr. Biqp. 8ta. Bui. 639. 1*9.

3 * . 8. Bobarta aad 0 . 0 . Balaoai ^ . tlaX te aad plaat rsaponsaa of aia aoybaaa varlatiaa to

aitrogan aad sine fortlU aatioa* Maab. Agr. Bxp. 8ta.Bui. d i2 t l- 12.

32. B om a, A. 0 .19b3* Tba aitrogaa au tritloa of ooybaaaat 1 B ffaat o f laoeulatioa

aad aitrogHi fa rtU lsa r on tte y ia ld aad aoapoaltioa of baaaa on NtrateU a l l t loan. 80U Set. 8oe. A n r. Pxoo.8 l228<-228.

33* lo x M , A. 0 . e t a l19b3* Ste altxogaa au tritlo a o f aoybeaaat XX E ffect o f available

s o il aitrogaa oa growth aad aitrogaa fisa tio a . S o il. Sal. 80a. Aaer. Froc. 10t l91-196.

3b. Oalar, B. 0 . aad J . L. Carttar193b. Bffbot o f plaatlag data oa etealoal eogpoaltloa aad growth

oteraatariatlaa o f aoopbaaa. Agroa. Jour. b61267-270.

33* Pxobat, A. B.19b3* Xafluaaea o f apaelag on yiald aad otter ehaxaetara ia

aogrbaaas. J. Aaar. Soe. Agxoa. 37i5b9-53b.

36. Bodrlgo, B. A. aad P. S. Ihtbaaaa19bo. Cogpaxatlva taat o f •am proalalag varlatlaa o f aoybaaa.

FhU. Jour. Agrlo. 3(U ) i2d3-299*

%3

37* tolfipbMraag, B.I W .

36* Ibom taa, 0 . 0 .I9%6 . OxvMihottM •tu&laa o f a ltro tm fe rtU ltttio a i o f soybooM

•ad loapodoia ualag laotople altrogMi* S o li. Sol. Soe. A w r. Pzoe. U i2%9-25I*

39* torrSM, J , fi. and 0 . N. Briggs1955* I ffM t o f plaatlag datoa oa yU Id aad otter ebaiactarlatiea

o f ooybeana. Agroa. Jour. %7 t2I0 «212.

%0 . UaaMr, 0 . B.1962. Bltrogaa faartU U atioa o f aoybaaaa. No. Agr. Bqp. Sta.

Bui. 797t l - 3*

%I. water, C. R. aad N. 0 . Waiaa19 » Lat'a push up aoybaaa yialda. loom Para. Sal. 2 tlO*12.

42. Waiaa, N. 0 . a t a l1950. Varlaibinty o f agroooaia aad aaad eaapoaitioM l atexaetara

la aoybaaaa, aa iafluaaead by aariaty aad tia a o f p laatlag. U.S.D.A. Taalu Bui. 1017. 39 Pp.

%3. Viggaaa, R. 0 .1939* Xte ia flu n a a of qraea anaagaaaat oa tte pxoduatioa o f

•oybMa plaata. J. Aaar. Soa. Agrau 31t31%-321«

Zatelay, J . I .19%2 . Soybaaa productioa la Ktaaaa. IBa. Agr. I39. Sta. Bui.

306. 31 yp.

kk

AfPUDZX 1ABU X

AI4USIB OP YARIAKl GT SSED TOLD AS HFXJUaCBD SX FLAMTIia IBltK,nxEoaa LiviL ab> flait x » sm

80UEC1 or mBIATZOI DP as MB F-CQMF.

Bapliontloa (B) 3 100.00 33.46 2.08“ - -

Flaotiag data (T) 2 25, 897.24 12, 948.62 803.76**

Bnror (a) 6 98.65 16.11

Bitrogaa laval (B) 3 18,809.22 6,269.74 225.21**

T X 1 6 3, 773.58 628.93•a

22.59

Xnror (b) 27 751.63 27.84

Flaat Daaaltp (D) 3 3, 352.48 1,117.49 47.01**

T X 0 6 803.09 133.85 5. 63**

1 X D 9 721.84 80.18 3.37**

T X 1 X D Id 476.05 26.45 1.11®***

Error (a) 108 2,586.88 23.77

45

APPIIDZX 1ABLK 2

AIAU8X8 OP VAiOAICS OP 8EID 8I£l(WSiaKr Oi OKAMB FEB 100 SSBfifi) A8 UPLUnCED BT PLAIXIM BATE* imOOEl LBfEL AID PLAIT DBUXST

80UBCE OP VARIATXOI DP ss MB P.CQMP.

B eplloatioi (B) 3 15.45 5.U _ __a.a.2.10

PXutlag date (T) 2 666.96 434.48 177.34**

iTTor (a) 6 14.71 2.45

lltyagea le v e l ( l) 3 1,194.63 396.21 87. 71**

T X 1 6 390.05 65.01 14. 32**

Brror (b) 27 122.68 4.54

PU at deaaity (D) 3 21.25 7.08 2. 14**

T X D 6 5.79 0.96 0.29

T X 1 X D 18 80.15 4.45 1.430.0.

Error (e) 108 357.53 3.31

48

APPBD IX TABLS 3

DAXB,Wto tev «JU»teVA fiAiBbwi A Mvaanwaa#ixsBOEasi u m i«D 7 u m snsxrrsQonei or tartatsb DP ss MS F-COMP.

(B> 3 20.98 6.99 0.7S '»'Plantlae tote (T) 2 4,985.0 2,4^.to 265.5t*®Xnmr (») 8 58.12 9.35

nteo««i teMl (X) 3 2,010.82 870.2X 102.95**

T X 1 8 107.20 17.87 2.74

Error (b) 8T itf.n 8.51

Plnat totoitar (0) 3 548.07 182.02 Uf.75**f X ® 8 50.93 8,49 5.59-V X D 9 10.^ 1.15

T X VX D 18 32.77 1.82 i.aoF*»m o r (e) 108 183.78 1.52

%T

APPBDXX TABLS %

M A L Z SB O f VARUneS OP IRMBIR 0 7 BRANCHES PBR PLOT AS 3SFLUENCS i r PLARTZia SATE, RXmOOER LBVEL AK> PLANT DENBZTr

SOURCE OP VARZATSOR D7 8S HS 7.CQMP.

R t o l i M t l m (R ) 3 2 5 .3 8 8 . ^ l.% 3 ^ *» *

P U o t lB S d « to (T ) 2 5 ,5 7 3 .0 9 2 ,7 8 6 .5 % % 7 0 .T 0 **

B n r a r ( a ) 6 35.5% 5 .9 2

l i t r o g n I m v A (R ) 3 1 ,9 8 0 . SB 6 60 .0 6 7 % .9 2 * *

T X D 6 3 2 8 .6 2 5% .77 6 . 2 2 * *

B n o r ( b ) 2 7 2 3 7 .8 9 8 . 6 1

PlM Bt d a a t ita r (D ) 3 9rr6 .lO 3 2 5 .3 7 2 8 . 9 f * *

T X D 6 2 5 0 .9 5 %1 .8 2 3 .T 2 * *

R X D 9 1 1 5 .7 5 1 2 .6 6 1 .1 5 ^ * » *

T X M X D IB 1 6 3 .0 1 9 .0 6 0 . 8 l » * » *

t o t o r ( a ) 1 08 1 ,2 1 2 .9 % 1 1 .2 3

AFPSSXX f m s 3

48

KU03BJB or VABZAKB OF AmtMM im m Of FARCIES AS jmsmacm nr PLAiRRO DATS, nmocm ism Am w ar isamm

sotncs or vabxatiqi or as MB P-COMP.

Raplienkifln (I) 3 S3.m 8 .36 2 . 99* '* ’

P lw tla g U U (9) 2 1,4X4.91 107.46 1 . 3^

Error (a) 6 XT.19 2 .86

Rltrogan Itw tl ( l) 3 330.66 17 6 .^ 5 6 .9 ^

TX • 6 TT.98 12.99

Error (b) ST 60.90 3*00

P in t diBtitgr (o) 3 336.61 U 2 .9^ y r .6 2 -

T X E 6 I%.l6 7 . 22**

E X E 9 5T.17 6.35 s.<^**

T X 1 X S IB 30.22 1.66 0 . 86«»

Mnat (tt) 106 SU .6 4 X,$6

APPHIDIX TABLE 6a

TABULAll P VALtOS

aooKsOF

▼ABlAfZORDF

s r s r H IST

RaUaaUaa (R)

PXasUac data (T)

Im ar (a)

3

2

%.T6

5.D>

9 .18

20*92

lifv o ia a 2««a2. (V)

f X V

Erro r (b)

3

6

21

2.96

2.h6

6.60

3.56

Plant danaitar (X>)

T X »

X X D

T X X X 0

Xrvor (e)

Total

3

6

9

IB

106

291

2.69

2 . 2B

1.96

1.73

3.97

2.96

2.58

2.17

50

APPODXX TABLB 6b

TAMBAR F TAXUBS

soincBOF OF F

FABZATlOir 0 5 SIM"

(B) 3 3*86 6 .99

FlanUac data (t) 3 3*86 6 .99

Bnrar (a) 9

M teoew la va l (V) 3 £ .66 4*38

T X R 9 2 .15 2.94

m rar (b) 36

Plaat donsitgr <0 ) 3 2 .6? 3.92

T X 0 9 1 .94 2 .5 4

X X 0 9 X.9 4 2.54

TXIIXO 27 1 . 5T 1.88

Snrar (e) 344

fa ta l 295

n

a fp e d h sabije tm

MDunm coMPARxsov OF SBBD T n i2> AS m umsm nr wuamm rasa vxm mtmsoar vamm*B mi mamM ra icb tiebt

PLMmwi SAfB ; »*10.99 i-fib .98

39.M aS.bM* lb .91«*

a ^ .5 8 1 3 .5 3

p

m lam %

y$

t

6 .95

10.58

3

7 .2 0

10.98

tsn a m ta b u ib

MDinnX COMFARXSOir O? SIED SIZB (ORAMS PIS 100 Sim s) AS z m n c f i ) »r P im n M pass v x n m o s i ixnicArs wm

NDLRPU SAKBS nST

PtAmVOOAfl M S-I7 .6b 1-19.96

*» 88.T6 5 . 32*Ni S .to

19.36 1.72

17.6b

p 2 3

SP maaM a .71 2 .81

b .u b.8 6

52

m m ijx TAiLB T«

MULHPU COI9 AiaSQff €9 HOCTR OP BRMCSn PBR RX>S A8 IRPLaOCB)vt rurnim u o i v x n m o b i o p m c A r s n w M o u n m w m

W3T

n A m m M n s *• 4.S1 5 -13.95

*# 16.94 18.63M 8.99

*3 13.95 9.64

*1 4.31

9 8 3

99 MltMM 4.81 4.36

6.38 6.61

APPODXX TABU

MDLTZPLB COMPAKXBCV OP AVmMS UBOSB OP BRflOBS A8 nPUIHCB) BT PLAIXOn DAfB V2SB TO OBB OP XlWBAir'a nStf MOLRPU BASQB

TOT

PLAmiODAR X 8.40 5 . 7.78

*3 8.47 6.07»* 0.69

7.78 5.38^

8.40

P 8 3

99 mlma 8.98 3.03

29( 4.43 4.60

53

APPBDSC TASUC ?•

NOLTZTLB COIff ARZSOR O f PLART ESZOKF AS IRFLUERCB) B7 PLARTIRO OASS V in TRX DBS Of XRRCAR*8 RRW MULTZfU RAROB n S T

PXA inRa SASB X x-8 6 .9 7 i.3 6 .6 9

» 39.58 11. 61* * 1.89

T 36.69 9.72

T 96.97

9 8 3

9 9 mlMM 5)1 5.89 5.48

8.<H 8.31

APPODIX TABLB 8a

miLTZPLB COKPARIBQV OP TTBL AS 1X7LDDDK1D BT RrWXIIBI LBVEL WITH TBB OBB or DIBCAB*S m MDLTZPIB RAICK TB9T

X »- 8 .99 ».25.%% x-29.95HIJTfttKlHI LBVSti

% 35.53 26.5%«»«» 10.09 5*58

»2 29.95 20.96m» %.51

*1 25 .%% l 6 .%3*»

*0 8 .99

P 2 3 %

Bp aalHM 9^ T.65 8 .0% 8*30

20.32 M.TT 11.06

APPmZX TABLB 8b

w v rm z COMPARXSOB OP SBB) SXZB (ORAMS PBR 100 SSSDS) AS ZRFLDBKS) BX BlZROaBR ISVBL v m TSE TBB OP IXBCAirs RBW MOLTIPXX RABOB TEST

wxmoaBV l b v i l X J - 1 5 . 7 3 x«20.%% » ^ . 3 3

\2 2 .1 7 6.%%<n» 1 .T 3 0 .8 %

* 22 1 .3 3 5 .60W I 0 .8 9

I1

20.%% % .7 1 *»

10

1 5 .7 3

P 2 3 %

Rp a a lB W 9Jt 3 .0 9 3 .2 5 3 .3 5

% .17 % .35 %.%7

55

APPERD2X TABUE 6tt

MOLTZPIB CONPASXBCH OB IRMBER OF ISMtCSSS PSR PLOT AS nBPIAflaCffl) ST xiCTooBi i s m v n B thk osk o r x x b c a ts xew MULnpue raikse t r o t

IHIKXIEE XEVBL X i . 6.66 i . 22.06 3 -1356

\ 16.85 8. 6l« * 2. n 1.29

•* 13.56 T .ip ra l.h 8

■ i 12.08 5.66*

6.66

P 2 3 6

^ ra la w 9# 6.30 6.52 6.6T

2# 5.81 6.06 6.23

APPBDXS TABLE 6d

MDLHPIE c o tra x so v OT ATXRACB UDRm OP BRAICSBB AS IW UJBKai IT gITHOUJBI XEVBL VISH TIB tS S OCOICArS m tf MQEfflPXE RAICB TUT

X i - 3 .6 6 X- 6 .6 8 x - 7 .6 6HlJLHlktiEV ZJSVBL

»6 T.56 6.13P* 1.16 0 .1 2

» 27 .6 6 6 .0 0 ^ 1 .0 2

6 .6 2 2.98

» 03 .6 6

P 2 3 6

Bp VXlMM 5# 2.51 2 .6 6 2 .7 2

2^ 3.39 3.56 3 .6 6

APPXHDIX TABU 6 *

Mom?u coMPAiOBav or ruan m m as iH7Ujnca> by HXSiDGaar uvblvm TSB USB OP SUHCAirS wait KOLTXPU SAVmi TBST

mSBOCBP UPfELmu s-28.82 !^34.T7 « 36 .18

38.77 8 . 15M 2 .00 0.81

■* 36.18 T .54b» 1 .39

34.77 6 ,iy **

*02B.8fi

V 2 3 4

np m lam 9i 3.70 3.89 4 .01

18 5.00 5.21 5 .36

5T

APraDXX TABLE 9 t

imfflPLi CGKPAKXBCB Of 8BB> THU) AS XSFUaKED BT PLABT BBBXTT VBB TBE OBB or SOICArS HEW NOLnPLB RAMi TEST

PLABT m s in r s a® l8.6l i.2 4 .3 6 s*wd.62

90.12 11 .31^ 5.58 5.50

®a 26.62 8.01 2.06

24.36 5.95

10.61

p a 3 4

Rp vnlaM 39 6.83 T.19 7.43

3^ 9.03 9.41 9.68 •

APPB»n TABU 9b

KBUrXPU CQMf ABISOR OP lOKBBE OP BRAKBE3 PER PXjOT AS gPIUMSCtt BT PLABT BBBXrr VTBL TBE USB OF BOKArS KOI KDLTXPLE RABOB TEST

n m tw m m X i . 8 .0 4 ^•11.77 £.13.48

H 13.65 3.6i.«* 1.68 0 .1 7

®6 13.48 5 . 44» i.nn.Tf 3.73

®2 8 .04

p 2 3 4

Rp vnlaM 39 4 .70 4.94 3.1129 6 .2 1 6.47 6.63

58

APPBDZX TABLB 9s

MDLfXPU cavAm cm op km am im m op nM CBB as m v a m w bt turn oBB xrr v m fs s tbb s o c io r s nar MounPLB sariib n s r

PLART SH»Znr X ^ 4.26 i - 5 .80 i^ T .05

®a 7 .75 3. 49w» 1.95 0 .7 0

®4 7.05 2 .79*»* 1.25

9.80 1 .54

*8 4 .86

p 2 3 4

9» viOaM 55 1 .5T 2.06 2 .13

35 2 .59 t .70 2 .78

APPBBZX TABLB 98

mutmjt eoiff AS38QV op p la rt h bssb as x h ra b cb ) bt PLAIT onB xrrVXSR THE USB OP BtRCATS RBT MULTXPIB RAROB TDT

PLART OlRBZrr X i-3 1 .4 8 i-3 3 .8 4 i^ 35.00

»« 36.00 J .92M» 2. 16MI 1.00

»e 35.00 5.52«» 1.16

33.84 2.36w»

31.48

9 8 3 4

99 v«3jia» 55 1 .73 1.82 1.88

15 2 .28 8.38 2 .44

APPSIDXX XABU 20

MAXDtM AID MUIMUM TENPSBATUIS& AID KAUfALL OM NAMOA CAJffUS

J A M U A B Y F B B B U A B Y M A B C S

TmrPATUIg>BAIM» TEMFgRATOBEtBAIB* TIMFBRAYUIlBtBAII.PAY m s, Mift. FALL DaI ik x . Min. FALL PAT M x. IHn. FALI.

I l l2 fiO 69 0.82 2 2 79 81 0.263 81 65 0.37 3 84 63 0.08 3 79 64 o.Ol4 « 4 82 65 T 4 81 64 0.015 — — 5 81 64 0 5 82 65 0.018 80 89 1*69 6 61 64 0.05 6 8l 86 T7 78 67 0.68 7 81 66 0.03 78 81 69 0.22 6 — — 89 81 69 0.10 9 . . . . 9 82 65 0.22

10 78 86 0.09 10 60 60 0.18 10 79 83 0.0211 — — U 77 84 0.02 u 77 84 T12 — — 12 78 68 0.08 12 80 83 0.0113 61 71 0.01 13 79 65 0.13 13 61 86 0.1014 62 72 0 14 73 81 O .U 1415 82 72 0.06 15 — — 1516 80 69 0.21 16 16 61 82 717 79 72 7 17 80 63 O .U 17 81 85 0.0118 — — 18 81 64 0.01 18 83 85 0.019 — — 19 79 84 0 .04 19 81 64 0 .0 720 80 88 0.12 20 80 62 0 20 83 60 0.7821 79 69 0 .17 21 — — 2122 79 66 0.01 22 2223 80 65 0 .04 23 — — 23 83 82 0.5024 82 67 7 24 81 63 0.02 24 6 l 85 2.1025 — 23 78 83 0.09 25 89 82 0.7926 — — 26 75 62 0.45 2627 80 88 7 27 77 • 82 O .U 272 8 7 9 7 1 7 2 6 7 7 8 2 7 28 — —29 82 71 0 29 — 29 — —3 0 8 2 7 1 * 30 — . . 3 0 8 0 6 2 0.783 1 8 2 6 8 3 1 . . . . 31 80 84 0 .04

TOTAL1786 1518 4.41 1504 1203 1.49 1603 1210 5*89

AVBBAOE80 69 79 83 80 81

h)ntn neostod by tba Nataorolacy Papartaant of tba Uaivaraity of BaMii.

59

60

APPHDIX TABLS 10 (ContlttiMd)

NAXZMUM AIB> MZRIMUM TEMPERAStnOS AID RAXSFAIL OE MAIOA CAMPOSl

A P R X L M AT J U N ETSdPKRAinBtB: EAZE-

OAY Max. Min. PALLTBfPElMSailEtRAIR-

SAT Max. Min. PAXXYBmAxim iiikAxi-

DAT Max. Min. PAIL

1 60 65 T 1 79 79 0 .01 1 86 63 02 82 66 0.26 2 m m m m 2 8b 66 0.053 8 l 67 0 .65 3 m m mm 3 85 66 0k «»«• m m b 80 65 0 .12 b 86 67 05 m m m m 5 81 63 0 .01 5 66 67 06 81 65 0*36 6 80 65 0 6 m m

7 80 6b T 7 80 6b 0 7 m m m m

3 80 65 0 .10 8 80 65 0 .0 1 8 85 68 0.039 78 6b 0.06 9 m m 9 6b 69 T

10 78 65 0 .0 1 10 m m m m ' 10 8b 66 0U m m m m 11 81 65 0.06 U m m

12 mmt m m 12 do 6b 0 32 86 66 013 80 6b 0 .0 1 13 79 6b T 13 m m m m

lb 82 66 0 lb 79 6b 0 .0 1 lb m m m m

15 82 65 0 15 79 65 0 .12 15 dk 68 T16 83 65 0 16 m m m m 16 do 69 0 .02

82 67 T 17 m m m m 17 83 69 TIB « a» 18 aa 6k 0 18 82 69 019 — m m 19 82 65 0 19 83 71 0ao 82 6k 0 .12 20 81 67 0 .05 20 m m m m

21 83 66 0 .25 21 80 68 0.16 21 M m m

22 79 66 0 .b7 22 80 68 0 . 5b 22 85 70 0 .1 223 79 65 o.n 23 «>a» 23 62 68 0.032b 78 6b 1.00 2b Sb 80 68 0 .0825 m m 25 79 67 0.50 25 83 69 0 .1026 26 76 66 0 .10 26 8b 69 0.0727 79 62 O.bb 27 79 66 0 .06 27 «»«» mm

26 78 6b 0 .01 28 80 6b T 28 * a a m m

29 76 66 0.18 29 m m m m 29 82 67 0.1630 76 65 0.06 30 m m 30 Be 68 0.1331 a» « m m 31 m m mm 31 — —

Tdtal1759

Avarage80

ibao65

b.oe 1597

80

1315

66

1.75 1756

8b

lb27

68

0.73

Data racOTdad lay tha Mataroxology B^artaMOt o f tha Q a lv m ity o f HmmU .

APFSIDU TABU U

61

NQITffi

Juuiaxy

Februaxy

mxok

AprU

I*gr

JiMM

July

August

SeptMdHir

Oettear

Bovwbar

»r

rUMTfl IB

I

BOBOULU

fiATBS

i§.10.8 U .0 U .2

U .2 U .5 U .7

U .7 12.0 12.3

12.4 12.6 12.9

12.9 13.2 13.4

13.4 13.4 13.4

13.4 13.3 13.1

12.1 12.8 12.6

12.5 12.2 12.0

12.0 U .6 u .4

U .4 U .1 10.9

10.9 10.6 10.8

S l.8 . WMthar. Looal Cliaatologieal Data. Beaolulu. 1949.