92212308 apple-inc-case-study

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A- Case Summary

Apple was by two college drop out students: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with the

motto of “Think Differently”. In the early 1980s, Steve Wozniak left the company and

Steve Jobs hired John Sculley as the President of the company. After facing many

failures, Apple launched its Macintosh computers for house hold users. In mid 1980s,

Steve Jobs had to leave the company because of his controversial relations with the

president. At that time John Sculley rejected the offer of Microsoft‘s CEO, Bill Gates to

license the Macintosh operating system to Microsoft.

After this refusal, Gates developed DOS operating system and in late 1980s, the

competition between DOS and Macintosh decreased Apple’s sale, workforce and

resignation of John Sculley. So, Apple’s current CEO planned to purchase NextStep

operating system of Jobs in order to improve the Macintosh operating system. In late

90s Jobs again became the CEO of the company and be started surprising relations

with Microsoft by developing a Macintosh version of office software.



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Apple also took cost saving measures like streamlining the product line, production of

printers. Steve Jobs brought Apples’ focus on two concepts of consumer series with the

prefix “I” for internet like iMac, iBook laptop and professional with prefix “power” such

as PowerMac desktop and PowerBook laptop series. Under Jobs, Apple again

becomes the innovator of computer market. His leadership leads the company to USB

and Firewire ports, introduction of iPod and iTunes website put Apple in the digital

computing age.

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Apple manages its business on geographic locations having offices in Americas,

Europe, Japan and Asia Pacific. Apple’s sale is continuously growing. In the era of

2000, Apple opens 86 retail stores in USA and two international stores in Tokyo and

Osaka which increases its sales. It introduces eMac line of cathode ray screen, but its

most impressive and fastest growing market is of iPod line of digital music players and

iTunes music store website.

The three major competitors of Apple are Dell, Hewlett-Packard and IBM, however

Apple also competes with Microsoft in software industry. Dell is the largest computer

manufacturer with extremely low cost production strategy. Dell has entered the in the

line of music against Apple by its Jukebox. Hewlett Packard is a big brand name and

leading provider of technology. Apple combined with IBM enjoyed profit jointly but now

Lenovo took over IBM and become a competitor of Apple.

Apple’s new products like speech recognition program will help take industry into a new

age of computers and is according to the company’s motto and it is hoped that it will

double the profit margin in the near future. Overall, Apple is continuously growing and its

future seems bright. With the slight change in their strategies, they can become giants

in technology industry.

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B) SWOT ANALYSIS

a) Strengths:

(i) Produce innovative products by using innovative technology

(ii) Produce aesthetic / stylish products

(iii)They make diversified products

(iv) Customers of Apple computers are brand loyal

(v) Have technology of interacting with computer using human

senses

(vii)They have virus free systems

(vii) First company which adapt calligraphic font style

(viii) Introduce USB and firewire ports for digital connection

(ix) Make music website

b) Weaknesses

(i) Apple has high manufacturing and inventory cost

(ii) Management is not stable

(iii)Has low market share in software industry

(iv) Majority of retail stores located in U.S.A.

(v) No compatibility options in their soft wares

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(vi)Decline in sales of iMac

(vii)Less emphasis on marketing issues to create awareness for

their innovative products

c) Opportunities

(i) Should expand on the basis of sales

(ii) Should open retail stores in different countries

(iii)Should target government and educational institutions

(iv) Should make compatible soft wares

(v) Should capitalize on the basis of virus free systems (vi)

Should introduce the speech recognition program (vii)They

should focus on customized products for customers

(viii)Should start making their own microprocessor chips

d) Threats

(i) Merger & acquisitions of competitors

(ii) High cost can be a limitation in future

(iii) High market share of Microsoft Windows

(iv) Competition increases in music downloading sites

C) Internal / External Factor Evaluation

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a) IFAS

Internal Factors Weight

(out of1)

Rating

(1 - 5)

Weighted

Score

Comments

Strengths

(i) Produce innovative

products

0.10 3.5 0.35 Good R&D efforts

(ii) They make

diversified products

0.10 4 0.40

Stable products to control

shocks in different product

markets

(iii) Brand loyal

customers

0.15 4 0.6 High end customer

satisfaction level

(vi) Virus free systems 0.05 2 0.10 High level of security

(v) Produce aesthetic

products0.10 3 0.30

Cutting edge, high end

stylish products

(vi) Introduce USB and

firewire ports0.05 2 0.10

Enabling portable

peripherals

Weakness

(i) High manufacturing

and inventory cost

0.05 3 0.15

More focus on

development and R&D

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(ii) Has low market

share in software

industry0.15 4 0.6 Less awareness

(iii) No compatibility

options in soft wares0.10 3 0.30 Extremely high end

products

(iv) Decline in sales of

iMac0.05 2 0.10

(v) Less emphasis on

marketing issues to

create awareness0.10 4.5 0.45 Low investment in

marketing

TOTAL 1.00 3.45

b) EFAS

Internal Factors Weight

(out of1)

Rating

(1 - 5)

Weighted

Score

Comments

Opportunities

(i) Should expand on

the basis of sales

0.10 2 0.20

Emphasize on the sales

of innovative products

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(ii) Should target

government and

educational institutions0.15 3 0.45

Find a propitious niche

(iii) Should capitalize

on the basis of virus

free systems0.15 4 0.60

Give advanced security

(iv) Should introduce

speech recognition

program0.10 3 0.30

Give new meaning to

technology

(v) Should focus on

customized products0.05 3 0.15

Cater the segment in a

better way

Threats

(i) Mergers &

acquisitions of

competitors

0.15 3.5 0.7

Rival companies become

giants and good name

(ii) High cost can be a

limitation in future

0.15 4.5 0.67 It is a question for Apple

(iii) High market share

of Microsoft

0.10 3.0 0.30 Well positioned rival

(iv) Competition

increases in music

downloading sites0.05 2 0.10

Advantages Disadvantages

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TOTAL 1.00 3.47

D) Problem Statement

“How Apple can provide differentiated products with low cost in order to maximize its

market share?”

E) Alternatives

(a) Continue without any change

Advantages

(i) Produce innovative products

(ii) Virus free systems

(iii) Brand loyal customers.

(iv)producing diversified products

Disadvantages

(i)Low market share

(ii) high operation and marketing cost

(iii) less emphasis on marketing

(iv) Competing against giants of the

industry

b) Should capitalize on the basis of virus free systems

(i) Increase in sales of computers

(ii) Market share will increase

(iii)Start competing microsoft on the

basis of virus free softwares.

(iv)New segments will be attracted.

(i) R&D cost will become higher

(ii) High marketing efforts are needed

to create awareness.

(iii)Low compatibility with other

systems .

c) Should introduce speech recognition program

Advantages

(i) More user friendly system (ii)

Open new market horizons (iii)

Increase diversity of products (iv)

Capture new consumers

(v) Helps in improving brand name

Disadvantages

(i) Cost will increase which affects the

price of product

(ii) Has to maintain big data dictionary

for different words of different

languages.

d) Go for strategic alliance for producing specific products

(microprocessors)

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(i) Reduction in cost

(ii) Reduction in product development

process

(iii) No compatibility issues

(iv) Sharing of resources

(v) Increased profit margin

(i) Contradiction between cultures of

organizations

(ii) Privacy of developing innovative

products will be slightly affected

e) Go for customized products

Advantages

(i) Targeted niche will be highly

satisfied

(ii) Understand the changing

environment easily

(iii) No new channel needs to be

introduced for sales

Disadvantages

(i) Cost will extensively increase

(ii) Difficult to cater all requirements of

customers along with innovation

(iii) Chance of ambiguity will increase

which affects the brand name

(iv) Chances of failure will increse

F- Best Alternative

According to the current situation, the best strategy or alternative for Apple is:

“Go for strategic alliance”

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G- Reason

Its reason is that no doubt Apple is going fine now but for future growth it is must to create

something new and stylish while keeping the cost optimized. This does not mean that

Apple start making whole product with the collaboration, instead they have to go for

alliance in making high cost products. This will help Apple in optimizing cost and

development process with innovation. Somehow, a problem of organizational culture

conflict will occur but it is manageable. Now a days, to sustain and compete in the market

companies go for strategic alliances just to reduce the cost and gain high profit margins.

So, Apple should go for this strategy.

H- TOWS Analysis

Internal Factors

External Factor

Strengths (S)

(i) Produce

innovative products

(ii) Brand loyal

customers

(iii) Virus free

systems

Weaknesses (W)

(i) High manufacturing

cost

(ii) No compatibility

issues

(iii) Less emphasis on

marketing issues

Opportunities (O)

(i) Capitalize on virus

free system

(ii) Introduce speech

SO Strategies

Apple should

emphasize more on

expansion in order

WO Strategies

Apple should

emphasize on making

new and focus on

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recognition system

(iii) Target govt. and

educational institutions

to increase market

share by developing

new innovative

products and

provide better after

sale services to

make customers

more brand loyal.

creating awareness

among the customers.

Threats (T)

(i) Merger &

acquisitions of

competitors

(ii) High cost cab be a

limitation in future

(iii) High market share

of Microsoft

ST Strategies

Apple should have

to keep its cost

optimize by

strategic alliance

and make high cost

products cheaper.

WT Strategies

Apple should have to

focus on producing new

compatible products

and focus on marketing

its products.

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7% 7% 7%

81.97 81.97 81.97

6.12 6.12 6.12

Raio Analysis

1. Liquidity Ratios2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 208 2009

Current Ratio 3.25 2.50 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63

Quick Ratio 3.22 2.47 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59

Invetory to net working capital 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Cash Ratio 3.08 2.37 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45

2. Profitability Ratios

Net Profit margin 1.03% 1.01% 3.43% 3.50% 3.46% 3.42% 3.37% 3.32%

Gross Profit margin 27.92% 27.52% 27.29% 27.29% 27.3% 27.286% 27.29% 27.29%

Return On Investment 1.13% 1.11% 3.33% 3.33% 3.25% 3.17% 3.09% 3.02%

Return On Equity 2% 2% 5% 6% 6%

3. Activity Ratios

Inventory turnover 127.60 110.84 81.97 81.97 81.97

day of Invetory 3.97 4.54 6.12 6.12 6.12

Asset turnover 0.91 0.91 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.101

Net working Capital turnover 1.54 1.76 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89

fixed Assets turnover 6.31 6.69 8.32 9.90 11.57 13.45 15.54 17.85

Average Collection period 46.47 56.22 44.31 44.31 44.31 44.31 44.31 44.31

Days of Cash 143.15 199.70 130.90 130.90 130.90 130.90 130.90 130.90

4. Leverage Ratios

Debt to asset ratio 35% 38% 37% 37% 37% 37% 37% 37%

debt to equity ratio 54% 61% 59% 63% 67% 71% 75% 79%

Long term debt to capital 87.13 92.06 383.06 463.48 560.80 678.55 821.03 993.44

current liabilities to equity 40% 56% 53% 58% 63% 67% 72% 76%

Z-Value ,Index of Sustainable Growth ,And Free Cash Flow

Z=1.2X+1.4X+3.3X+0.6X+1.0X

X1 0.59 0.52 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.58X2 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36X3 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05X4 1.86 1.63 1.71 1.59 1.49 1.40 1.33 1.26X5 0.91 0.91 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10

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3.30 3.05 3.33 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22

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2005 2006 2007 2008 20099,548 11,377 13,589 16,265 19,5023,537 4,218 5,042 6,039 7,2455,614 6,265 7,053 8,006 9,159

398 894 1,494 2,220 3,098

EFN

Total AssetsTotal LibilitesTotal EquityEFN

Apple,s Consolidated Statements Of Financial PositionsProjected 2005-2009

(In $ millions)

Period Ending 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009AssetsCurrent AssetsCash and Cash Equivalents 2,252 3,396 2,969 3,592 4,347 5,260 6,364 7,701Short-term Investments 2,085 1,170 2,495 3,019 3,653 4,420 5,348 6,471Net Receivables 731 956 1,005 1,216 1,471 1,780 2,154 2,607Inventory 45 56 101 122 148 179 217 262Other Current Assets 275 309 485 587 710 859 1,040 1,258Total Current Assets 5,388 5,887 7,055 8,537 10,329 12,498 15,123 18,299Long -term Investments 39 - - - - - - -Property, Plant and Equipment 621 669 707 707 707 707 707 707Goodwill 85 85 80 80 80 80 80 80intagible Assets 34 24 42 42 42 42 42 42Accumulated Amortization - - - - - - - -Other Assets 131 150 80 97 117 142 171 207Deffered Long-term Asset Charges - - 86 86 101 120 141 167Fixed Assets 910 928 995 1,012 1,048 1,090 1,142 1,203Total assets 6,298 6,815 8,050 9,548 11,377 13,589 16,265 19,502LiabilitiesCurrent LiabilitiesAccounts Payable 1,658 2,053 2,680 3,243 3,924 4,748 5,745 6,951Short/Current Long-term Dbt - 304 - - - - - -Other Current Liabilities - - - - - - - -Total Current Liabilities 1,658 2,357 2,680 3,243 3,924 4,748 5,745 6,951Long term Debt 316 - - - - - - -Other Liabilities - - - - - - - -Deffered Long-term Liability Charges 229 235 294 294 294 294 294 294Minority Interest - - - - - - - -Negative Goodwill - - - - - - - -Total Non Curerent Liabilities 545 235 294 294 294 294 294 294Total Liabilities 2,203 2,592 2,974 3,537 4,218 5,042 6,039 7,245Stockholders EquityMisc.Stocks,Options ,Warrants - - - - - - - -Redeemable Preferred Stock - - - - - - - -Prefrred Stock - - - - - - - -Common Stock 1,826 1,926 2,514 2,514 2,514 2,514 2,514 2,514Retained Earinings 2,325 2,394 2,670 3,231 3,909 4,730 5,723 6,925Treasury Stock - - - - - - - -Capital Surplus - - - - - - - -Other Stockholders,equity (56) (97) (108) (131) (158) (191) (232) (280)Total Stockholders Equity 4,095 4,223 5,076 5,614 6,265 7,053 8,006 9,159EFN 397 894 1,494 2,220 3,098Total Liabilities And Stockholders,equity 6,298 6,815 8,050 9,548 11,377 13,589 16,265 19,502

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Apple's Income StatementProjected 2005-2009

Period Ending 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total Revenue 5,742 6,207 8,279 10,018 12,121 14,667 17,747 21,474Cost Of Revenue 4,139 4,499 6,020 7,284 8,814 10,665 12,904 15,614Gross Profit 1,603 1,708 2,259 2,733 3,307 4,002 4,842 5,859Operating Expenses

Research Development 446 471 489 592 716 866 1,048 1,268Selling General And Administrative 1,111 1,212 1,421 1,719 2,080 2,517 3,046 3,686Non-recurring Expenses 29 26 23 28 34 41 49 60Other - - - - - - - -Total Operating Expenses - - - - - - - -Operating Income or Loss 17 (1) 326 394 477 578 699 846

Income from Consulting Operations

Total Other Income/Expenses Net 70 93 60 73 88 106 129 156Earning Before Interest and Taxes 87 92 386 467 565 684 827 1,001Interest Expense - - 3 4 4 5 6 8Income Before Tax 87 92 383 463 561 679 821 993Income Tax Expense 22 24 107 120 146 176 213 258Minnority Interest - - - - - - - -Net Income from Continuing Operations 65 68 276 343 415 502 608 735

Non-recurring Events

Discontinued Operations - - - - - - - -Extraordinary Items - - - - - - - -Effect of Accounting Changes - 1 - - - - - -Other Items - - - - - - - -

Net Income 65 69 276 334 394 465 549 647

Preferred Stock and other adjustments - - - - - - - -Net Income applicable to Common Shares 65 69 276 334 394 465 549 647

AssumptionGrowth rate2004 = 33.38%2003 = 8.098%Average = 21%

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