9.2.11 Outline the Role of Phloem in Active Translocation of Sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from...
-
Upload
tristan-flathers -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of 9.2.11 Outline the Role of Phloem in Active Translocation of Sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from...
9.2.11 Outline the Role of Phloem in Active Translocation of Sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic
tissue to storage organs) to sinks (fruits, seeds, roots)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Transport
–Movement from Source to Sink• A process of phloem transport moves sugars
through a plant from a source to a sink.• A source is any cell in which sugars are produced
by photosynthesis.• A sink is any cell where the sugars are used or
stored (fruits, roots, seeds).
Vascular TissuePHLOEM Tissue• Phloem Cells are alive.• Sieve Tube elements (cells) lacks
nucleus & cytoplasm• Sieve tube elements are
connected to each other via sieve plates
• Sieve plates have holes which allow movement of water and dissolved organic molecules
• Companion Cells has nucleus and dense cytoplasm
• Companion cells are attached to sieve tube element via plasmodesmata
Sieve plate
Phloem Translocation Summary• 1.Translocation moves the organic molecules
(sugars, amino acids) from their source through the tube system of the phloem to the sink. Phloem vessels still have cross walls called sieve plates that contain pores.
• 2. Companion cells actively (active transport) load sucrose (soluble, not metabolically active) into the phloem.
• 3. Water follows the high solute in the phloem by osmosis. A positive pressure potential develops moving the mass of phloem sap forward.
• 4. The sap must cross the sieve plate. Current hypothesis do not account for this feature.
• 5. The phloem still contains a small amount of cytoplasm along the walls but the organelle content is greatly reduced.
• 6. Companion cells actively unload (ATP used) the organic molecules
• 7. Organic molecules are stored (sucrose as starch, insoluble) at the sink. Water is released and recycled in xylem.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
STEP 1•Sugars produced during photosynthesis (source cells) are actively (using ATP) pumped into the sieve tubes.•This loading of sugar is accomplish by Active Transport.
Sugar molecules
Movement of water
Movement of sugar
Phloem Xylem
Source cell
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
STEP 2
•As sugar concentrations increase in the sieve tubes, water from the xylem moves into the sieve tube by osmosis.
Movement of water
Movement of sugar
Sugar molecules
Phloem Xylem
Source cell
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Movement of water
Movement of sugar
STEP 3•This movement of water causes a positive pressure to build up in the sieve tube that results in a bulk flow of phloem sap.• This movement does not require energy.
Sugar molecules
Phloem Xylem
Source cell
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
STEP 4•The pressure diminishes by the removal of sugar from the sieve tube at the sink. •This removal of sugar is accomplished via Active Transport (uses ATP)•The sugar is converted into starch and starch in insoluble and exerts no osmotic affect.
Xylem Phloem
Movement of water
Movement of sugar
Sink cell
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
STEP 5 •Xylem recycles the relatively pure water by carrying it from the sink back to the source.
Movement of water
Movement of sugar
Xylem Phloem Sink cell
Transport in Plants Summary• 1. Source produces organic molecules• 2. Glucose from photosynthesis produced• 3.Glucose converted to sucrose for transport• 4. Companion cell actively loads the sucrose• 5. Water follows from xylem by osmosis• 6. Sap volume and pressure increased to give
Mass flow• 7. Unload the organic molecules by the
companion cell• 8. Sucrose stored as the insoluble and
unreactive starch• 9. Water that is released is picked up by the
xylem• 10. water recycles as part of transpiration to re
supply the sucrose loading
Watch the below animations on translocation
Click on the links below to access animations:• http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b6dvKgWBVY&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxwI63rQubU&feature=related