9.1 JPEG 표준 9.2 JPEG 2000 표준 9.3 JPEG-LS 표준 9.4 이진 영상 압축 표준
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9 장 영상 압축 표준. 9.1 JPEG 표준 9.2 JPEG 2000 표준 9.3 JPEG-LS 표준 9.4 이진 영상 압축 표준. 9.1 JPEG 표준. JPEG 은 “ Joint Photographic Experts Group” 에 의해 개발된 영상 압축 표준 . 그것은 1992 년에 국제 표준으로써 공식적으로 받아들여짐 . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of 9.1 JPEG 표준 9.2 JPEG 2000 표준 9.3 JPEG-LS 표준 9.4 이진 영상 압축 표준
2014-1, ITC, 2004Fundamentals of Multimedia, Ze-Nian LI and Mark S. Drew, Prentice-Hall *9.1 JPEG 9.2 JPEG 2000 9.3 JPEG-LS 9.4
9
, ITC, 2004Fundamentals of Multimedia, Ze-Nian LI and Mark S. Drew, Prentice-Hall
9.1 JPEG 2014-1*JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group . 1992 .
JPEG (lossy image compression) . DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) .
i j( x y) .
2 DCT u, v (spatial frequency components) F(u, v) JPEG .*
JPEG 2014-1*JPEG DCT (observations) .
1 : . , ( , 88 ) .
(spatial redundancy) .*
JPEG ()2014-1* 2 : .
.
3 : ( ) ( ) .
(chroma) (4:2:0) JPEG . 5.3.1 *
2014-1* 9.1: JPEG *
9.1.1 JPEG 2014-1*RGB YIQ YUV
DCT
(quantization)
(zigzag) , -(run-length)
(entropy) lossless data compression(Huffman coding or Arithmetic coding)*
DCT2014-1* 88 . 2 DCT f(i, j) , DCT F(u, v) .
, . (compression ratio) JPEG ( ) .*
F(u, v) DCT , Q(u, v) (quantization matrix), (u, v) JPEG DCT .
JPEG .
Q(u, v) . .- 1 2 .
9.1 9.2 Q(u, v) JPEG , .2014-1**
2014-1* 9.1 9.2 *
2014-1* 9.2: JPEG *
2014-1* 9.2(): JPEG *
2014-1* 9.3: JPEG *
2014-1* 9.3(): JPEG *
AC - (RLC)RLC (u, v) { 0 , 0 } .0 : (zigzag scan) 88 (u, v) 64 . 9.4: JPEG *
DC DPCM2014-1*DC AC . (DPCM: Differential Pulse Code Modulation) .
DC 150, 155, 149, 152, 144 , di = DCi+1 DCi d0 = DC0 , DPCM 150, 5, -6, 3, -8 .*
DC AC . DC : DPCM DC (SIZE, AMPLITUDE) , SIZE AMPLITUDE . 150, 5, -6, 3, -8 .
SIZE SIZE . AMPLITUDE . , .2014-1**
2014-1* 9.3 *
9.1.2 JPEG 2014-1* (sequential mode) JPEG . , .Motion JPEG Baseline Sequential JPEG
(progressive mode)
(hierarchical mode)
(lossless mode) 7 , JPEG-LS .(9.3 )*
1. : DCT ( ) . AC .
1 : DC AC . ) AC1, AC2. 2 : AC . ) AC3, AC4, AC5
k : AC . ) AC61, AC62, AC632014-1* JPEG .-
*
()2014-1*2. : , DCT . (MSBs) .
1 : MSB . ) 7, 6, 5, 4
2 : . ) 3
m : (LSB), 0 .*
2014-1* - . ( ) .
JPEG , JPEG .*
2014-1* 9.5: JPEG *
2014-1*3- JPEG 1. : f2(, 256256) 2 f(, 512512) . f4(, 128128) .2. f4 :f4 JPEG(, , ) F4 .3. d2 :(a) 4 F4 . 4 f2 . E( 4) .(b) d2 = f2 E( 4) JPEG(, , ) D2 .4. d1 :(a) 2 D2 ; E( 4) 2 = E( 4) + 2 . 2 f2 .(b) d1 = f E( 2) JPEG(, , ) D1 .*
2014-1*3- JPEG 1. F4 :
JPEG F4 4 .
2. 2 :
2 E( 4) + 2 .
3. :
E( 2) + 1 .*
9.1.3 JPEG 2014-1* 9.6: JPEG - - - - 8x8 *
JPEG 2014-1* , ID /
(Scan header) ID / *
9.2 JPEG2000 2014-1* :
-
JPEG
JPEG2000 .
: .*
2014-1* : JPEG - . .
: 64K64K . 232-1 .
: JPEG JPEG 44 .*
2014-1* : .
: . .
: (ROI: Regions of Interest) . , .*
2014-1* : JPEG .
: . , .
, JPEG2000 256 . JPEG .*
JPEG2000 (wavelet transform) LL, LH, HL, HH (code blocks) (EBCOT) . . .2014-1* 9.7: EBCOT *
JPEG2000 2014-1*
(PCRD: post compression rate distortion)
*
2014-1*1. (bitplane coding)
2. (fractional bitplane coding)*
2014-1*1. . . 9.8: . 2 . 0 .*
2014-1* 1616 - .
P - - .
-(quad-tree) - .
(, ) - . (recursion) :*
2014-1* (zero coding): .
:
:
: 4 .*
2014-1* 9.4 *
2014-1*- (run-length coding): 1- . 4 :
4 .
.
- .
k1 .*
: .
.
.
0 , 1 , -1 .
.
, .*
9.5 2014-1**
(magnitude refinement): .
0 1 .
, 0, 1, 2 .*
2. . . .4 : ( : forward significance propagation pass); ( : reverse significance propagation pass); ( : magnitude refinement pass); ( : normalization pass).*
2014-1*- , .
LH, HL, LL .
HH 4 .*
- . , . . . . . *
2014-1* 9.9: p P1p P4p .*
-(PCRD) :
.
, , , .( )
2014-1**
:
,
- .*
-
.
j1 < j2 < .*
JPEG2000 2 .
, .
.*
2014-1* 9.10: 8 *
JPEG2000 2014-1*:
.
ROI MAXSHIFT .
ROI . , ROI .*
2014-1* 9.11: ROI (ROI). (a) 0.4bpp, (b) 0.5bpp, (c) 0.6bpp, (d)0.7bpp.*
2014-1* 9.12: JPEG JPEG2000 . (a) .*
2014-1* 9.12(): JPEG JPEG2000 . (b) .*
2014-1* 9.12(): JPEG JPEG2000 . (c) .*
2014-1* 9.13: JPEG JPEG2000 . (a) .*
2014-1* 9.13(): JPEG JPEG2000 . (b) 0.75bpp JPEG() JPEG2000() . (c) 0.25bpp JPEG() JPEG2000() .*
9.3 JPEG-LS 2014-1*JPEG-LS - (lossless) (near lossless) ISO/ITU .
ISO .
Hewlett-Packard LOCO-I (LOw COmplexity LOssless COmpression for Images: ) .
.
: (low complexity!)*
LOCO-I .
(context modeling) .2014-1* 9.14: JPEG-LS LOCO-I - a, b, c, d x . *
9.4 JBIG JBIG-2: 2014-1* : .
, , .
JBIG . . Joint Bi-level Image Processing Group : (progressive), (progessive-compatible sequential), (single-progression sequential)
*
2014-1*JBIG-2 - (model-based coding) (- (context-based coding) ) . . (quality progressive) (content progressive) : :
*
2014-1* : JBIG2 .
*
