BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 ARC 1523PROJECT 1 : DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS PREPARED BY : RENEE LIM WEI FEN (0311016) 7

INTRODUCTION TO SETTING OUT

The purpose of setting out is to position the works in their right relative spatial and absolute positions and to ensure that the entire process of development proceeds smoothly and that their cost is minimised. Setting out requires most techniques and equipment used in surveying although the process of setting out is the reverse of surveying.Setting out is the establishment of the marks and lines to define the position and level of the elements for the construction work so that works may proceed with reference to them.

Setting out is necessary before building any building.

Focusing KnobObjective Lens

Quick Setup & Easy Operation

Horizontal DriveLevelling Screws

Battery Case

Large ClearLCD Screen

Tribarch Locking Lever

Marking Out WoodenSetting Out Pegs

Solid Metal Handle

COMMON EQUIPMENTS

1) Theodolite

Theodolites are electronic devices that are widely used for the measurement of vertical and horizontal angles for mapping applications, and in the construction industry. Accurate measurement of angles is essential for huge construction projects.

3.0 EXTERNAL WORK

2) Reference Pegs

To mark the alignment and road levels. It is hammered deep into the ground. They are invariably of wood, tree branches or stakes cut to length, ideally 40 cm long and 5 cm diameter or 5 cm x 5 cm square.