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ISSN: 2278 – 909XInternational Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)

Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2017

200All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJARECE

Abstract— This paper proposes a novel idea to provide the

information automatically to patients to take their right dosagesat appropriate time. Now a day, most of the patients may forgetto take their medicines as per the prescription due to mentalstress. Hence, it may cause prolong period to recover from thediseases. Sometimes, the aged patients are gulping tablets andtheir dosage level incorrectly causing a severe problem.Therefore, it is necessary to the patient to take proper medicinesat precise quantity and time. To overcome these problems, anovel Smart Medication Dispenser (SMD) system is proposed.This system uses 4x4 matrix keypad, Microcontroller, LCDdisplay and Real Time Clock (RTC) module, GSM module andan alarm system used to intimate the patients to take properdosage according to the prescription at right time. This portableand economical SMD system would help aged patients,especially to the illiterate patients.

Key Words—Ardunio controller, AMR, ANN, LCDRFID, RTC.

I. INTRODUCTIONAs the people getting busier these days, they tend to

forget to take their medicines at prescribed schedule. As aconsequence of this Geriatrics are facing unnecessarydisposure of themselves into the hospitals. Hence a device ora system is to be designed in such a way that it can dispensethe pills at preset time [1]. There has been a need ever sincemedication was in a pill form for a device that couldaccurately replace a human being for the need of deliveringpills. Humans can determine who to give the pill’s to, whenand how many and there has not been a pill dispenser to datethat has had the capability to replace these three veryimportant aspects. There are many other problems that plaguethe home pill user, such as someone stealing pills, forgettingto take them or having the pills available to take too many.

We started with these basic needs user and came up with asolution using a simple microcontroller to manage the pill’sdispersal and a proximity sensor to read and allow access ofonly a valid key to have the pill’s dispensed[4]. With thisthere are endless possibilities to where, how and when thispill dispenser could come to help and aid many different kindof people in their lives. With the addition of a buzzer this pilldispenser can also remind you when to take your pills, andalso notify others when your pills have not been taken. Belowis just the beginning of some of the basic functions anaccessed controlled pill dispenser could achieve.

A. Hospitals DomesticsThe automatic pill dispenser can simplify pill dispensing forhospitals with small to large capacities. With the presence ofa pill dispenser, nurses and doctors can significantly reducethe amount of time for prep work and doing ‘rounds,’ this

way more attention can be given to patients that are in greaterneed of medical attention. Medical professionals can also benotified by means of a simple database on whom and whendispensed

B. DomesticsThe increased use of daily vitamins and dietary

supplements that need to be taken before or after meals canalso become a great area of interest for the use of anautomatic pill dispenser. An individual keychain key caninitiate the pill dispensing for the user’s personal diet regimeand a buzzer can remind them when the supplements need tobe taken. This pill dispenser can also control the access topills that can be sensitive for young children and teenagers,they are locked and only can be retrieved by the person whohas the key on their keychain, and only when the right time ofday is of a home is just the beginning of some of the basicfunctions an accessed controlled pill dispenser could achieve.

C. ElderlyWhen you submit your final version, after your paper has

been accepted, prepare it in two-column format, includingfigures and tables.

II. PAST METHODOLOGY

In recent years with development in electroniccommunication systems, many devices and softwareapplications are available that helps in complicated drugmanagement. Out of them, most convenient ones are alarmwatches and automatic medication dispensers. Alarmwatches with audible or vibrating alarms reminds someone togo their daily/weekly/monthly pillbox and take appropriatemedication on time. With alarm watches, user can set toalarm several times a day, so odd medication schedules caneasily be accommodated. These watches are complex toprogram, and seniors can easily frustrated by instructions thatare not clear. Other option available to complex medicationreminder problem is Android based Medication ReminderSystem. An Android based Medication Reminder Systembased on OCR using ANN[2]. In this method, an Androidbased application is used for the patients. This applicationwill remind their user to take correct medicines. Atappropriate time by setting the reminders in the mobile whichis an automatic manner. These reminders will bespontaneously set by the application as per the prescription.This reminder will remind the patients to take medicinecompetently. This method will help only for young peoplewho are having Android mobile. But for elder illiteracypeople it is very difficult to operate and understand it. Thedevice used in this system is costly and the process ofcreating the application in android mobile is tedious. Designof Automatic Medication Dispenser, this method usesmicrocontroller interface with alphanumeric keypad, LED

Smart Medication DispenserSuraj Shinde1, Nitin Bange2, Monika Kumbhar3, Snehal Patil4

Assistant Professor, SETI, Panhala1UG Student, SETI, Panhala2,3,4




display, motor controller, multiple pill container anddispenser, alarm system. It is partially an automateddevice[8]. The general procedure is to facilitate the user to setthe timings to dispense multiple pills at required timings.Here the user is required to press a button to get the pill boxand reset the alarm button. In this method motor controller isused. So additionally 12V is required for providing supply tomotor and it is suitable only for limited number of medicines.More chances are available to mishandle the device and it isnot a portable device. Cost wise it is somewhat high. AnSmart Pill Dispeser System for independently Living Patients.SMD is automatic monitored locked medication dispenserdevice dispense up to 6 times per day. The SMD has beendeveloped to give the patient’s caregiver peace of mindknowing that right medication are taken by patient on righttime . When the alarm goes off, this SMD reminds patients totake their dose by long duration alarm. Alarm will ring for 15minutes, if a patient does not take medicine or misses dosage,system will automatically notifies caretaker. It has feature ofremotely notifying caretaker by sending message, email orphone call when patient misses dosage. Current system canalerts caregiver about drug refilling by sending message, oremail. SMD is lockable pill dispenser keeps medication safe.It has rotating disk that contains several compartments inwhich pills are separated in order to create appropriate dosage.When alarm goes off, the disk in device rotates to reveal nextdosage to be taken. Patient turns device upside down so thatpills falls into his/her hands [2]. If the pill box is not taken byperson then the pill box goes to the separate container. Thesegives advantages to the person to don’t take wrong dose at thetime of next dose . The Main advantage of SMD is portability,so it can be taken with user at all times. This system providesan automatic operation for easy medication by using built-inscale for dosage measurement.

III. METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Details about the design of the smart medicine dispenser(SMD) are included in the paper. Initially the requirements todesign this device are collected and then design considerationi taken care. Finally a design process is suggested to designautomatic medicine dispenser. The Programmable automaticmedicine dispenser designed allows the care taker to reliablyadminister medications to a patient without needing to bepresent every time the medication is scheduled. The caretakerpre-programs the SMD that allows it to set up to 21medications does through an ergonomically designedinterface, utilizing an alphanumeric keypad and LCD display.The SMD can be pre-programmed to repeat the same cyclefor one month. An alarm is provided to load the medicine ifthe number of pills/capsules falls below a threshold value thatcan be fixed by the owner.

Hardware Concept Design:

A. Power SupplyThe power supply circuit will provide necessary power

requirements for the SMD controller. Additionally, 12V isnecessary for the motor. Current requirements will bedictated mainly by the motor controller design requirement is5 VDC for the microcontroller and motor; while the currentrequirement for the microcontroller is in the range of 100mA.

Also, the power supply may require battery backup to avoidloss of user input selections and time keeping functions.

B. Keypad and DisplayThe keypad input is a standard 16 key alphanumeric keypad.

It enables the user to program the system [4]. The alphanumeric display unit is for the user to view the time set orreset operation. It provides the user visual representation ofthe contents of the container. The same unit may be used forproviding the warning when it is required.

C. SpeakerThe Speaker is provided to give a beep sound to warn the

patient regarding the time to take the tablet. The same speakeris also use to call the name of the patient which provides theinformation regarding the updating the pills/capsules into thecontainer. This facility helps the blind to interact with SMD.

D. MicrocontrollerThe microcontroller is the main part of the SMD. It is

responsible for performing all the functions and commandsof the medicine box. The microcontroller is selected to meetthe required functionality of the SMD without wastingmoney on unneeded features. The basic requirements of themicrocontroller are a few Input output ports to interface thekeyboard, display unit, motor, and speaker. Interrupts areused to enable the user to interact with the system forprogramming. When the user presses the command key, itenables the user to program the timing and set the requiredpills to be available in the output poach. The command keyalso allows the user to program the number of minimumpills/capsules that must be made available before a warningsignal is provided. The Microcontroller is so chosen that thesystem does not require additional external peripheral chipsand memory. The memory requirement is 2K of READ Onlymemory and 8K of Read writes memory.

Fig- 1: Block Diagram of Medication Dispenser

E. Pill Container and DispenserThe pill/capsule container design will have 30 slots with

21 available for medications. The 21 slots will be labeled sothat the caregiver can ensure setting the alarm for the correctslot. Additionally, the pill container will incorporate interlocksensors to protect the caregiver and user from harm. Finallythe sensors [4] will provide input to the microcontroller fordetermining access doors status, medication slot positioningand time feedback of the patient accessing the medications.




F. Alarm ModuleThe alarm module will provide an audible alarm tone . This

module is designed to send a pattern of audible soundsthrough the speaker till the patient responds by pressing thebutton to access the poach for the pills/capsules. An LED isalso provided to blink during the alarm process. A visualdisplay string is provided for the user to read the instruction.A second alarm is provided to prompt the caretaker to loadthe pills/capsules when the number of pills/capsules in thestorage unit falls below the threshold value. The number ofpills/capsules threshold value is also programmable [7]. Thisalarm does not provide audio but gives a warning by blinking.

G. Motor ControllerAll motors have a control device called a motor controller

to start and stop the motor called a motor controller. It is theactual device that energizes and de-energizes the circuit ofthe motor so that it can start or stop. The design of the motorcontroller will be determined by the current requirement ofthe stepper motor selected. The motor controller takes logicinputs from the microcontroller and supply enough current tothe stepper motor to meet maximum torque requirements.

H. LEDThe Light emitting diode display will be a simple red

light; it provides information such as power on, flashing as hespeaker beeps to have the attention of the user and emergencyindication[7]. It also provides pre-selected precautions to thepatient concerning the medications being currentlydispensed.

IV. ALGORITHM1. Start Step:2. Initialize UART, RTC and LCD3. Set count = 4 and set the current time in RTC4. Set the four pill times and display “PILL TIME” in LCD.5. Call to Step: 116. If 1st pill time is set decrement the count and run servomotor, else call Step: 11

7. If 2nd pill time is set decrement the count and run servomotor, else call Step: 11

8. If 3rd pill time is set decrement the count and run servomotor, else call Step: 11

9. If 4th pill time is set decrement the count and run servomotor, else call Step: 11

10. Jump to Step: 311. If count = 4 then go to Step: 15, else jump to Step: 6. Step:12. If count = 3 then go to Step: 15, else jump to Step: 7. Step:13. If count = 2 then go to Step: 15, else jump to Step: 8 Step:14. If count = 1 then go to Step: 15, else jump to Step: 9 Step:15. Return.16. If any signal is received from the UART of PIC 2, then go

to Step: 17 else go to Step: 2117. If forward is received run motor1 and motor2 clockwise

and display “FORWARD” on the LCD else go to Step 1818. If backward is received run motor1 and motor2 anti-

clockwise and display “BACKWARD” on the LCD elsego to Step 19

19. If right is received run motor1 clockwise and display“RIGHT” on the LCD else go to Step20

20. If left is received run motor2 in anti-clockwise and

display “LEFT” on the LCD else go to Step 2121. Return.

V. FLOWCHART

VI. RESULTThe Fig-2 & Fig-3 are the display units of the systems fordisplaying various parameters and messages to the user.Fig-4 is the GSM module for intimation for missing the




dosage by the patient. Finally the Fig-5 gives the completesystem for the proposed Smart Medication Dispenser.

Fig -2: Display the project name.

Fig -3: Diplay timing

The power supply circuit will provide 5v for microcontrollerand 12v for motor. Controller provides serial clock andserial data to RTC. The DS1307 Serial Real-Time Clock is alow-power; full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendarplus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and data are transferredserially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus .The clock/calendarprovides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and yearinformation .serial data and clock information to D7.Thenthis information displayed on LCD. The L293 and L293Dare quadruple high-current half-H drivers. The L293 isdesigned to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1 Aat voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. The L293D is designed toprovide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA atvoltages from 4.5 V to 36 V.

The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes acapacitive voltage generator to supply EIA-232 voltagelevels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver convertsEIA-232 inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels .The modem caneither be connected to PC serial port directly or to anymicrocontroller. It can be used to send and receive SMS ormake/receive voice calls. It can also be used in GPRS modeto connect to internet and do many applications for datalogging and control.

Fig 4– GSM module

Fig- 5 Proposed System




VII. CONCLUSIONThe proposed system is made ease and helpful for the old

age patient especially who used to forget to take medicines ontime or they couldn’t recognize / can’t read the name of themedicines. It has the facility to send alarms four times a day.In case patient doesn’t take medicines even after alarm themSMD system sends a message to the particular number fed inthe system memory. It is possible to program in order tochange the number of times dispensing the medicines as perrequirement.

REFERENCES

[1] World Population Ageing: 1950-2050, United Nations PopulationDivision.

[2] Van Eijken M, Tsang S, Wensing M, et al. Interventions to improvemedication compliance in older patients living in the community: asystematic review of the literature. Drugs Aging. 2003;20:229-240

[3] Medication regimens, causes of non-compliance, Office of Inspector,US Department of Health and Human Resources, June 1990.

[4] Mei-Ying Wang, John K. Zao Wedjat: A Mobile Phone BasedMedication Reminder and Monitor.

[5] Medication reconciliation National Patient Safety Goal, NationalPatient Safety Goals, Joint Commission of Accreditation Program,March,2009,http://www.jointcommission.org/PatientSafety/NationalPatientSafetyGoals/npsg8_review.htm.

[6] Tsai, P. H., C. S. Shih, and J. W. S. Liu, “Algorithms for schedulingmultiple interacting medications,” Institute of Information Science,Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Technical Report TR-IIS- 08-001, April2008 Pei Hseun Tseui, “Smart Medication Dispenser: “Design,Architecture and implementation”, IEEE journal, Vol-5, March-2011.

[7] Elizabeth Broadbent, Rie Tamagawa, Ngaire Kerse, Brett Knock, AnnaPatience, and Bruce MacDonald, ”Retirement home staff andresidents‟ preferences for healthcare robots”, 18th IEEE InternationalSymposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2009.

BIOGRAPHY

Suraj N. Shinde received the B.E. degree inElectronics and Communication andM.Tech degree in VLSI Design andEmbedded System from VisweswarayaTechnological University, Belgaum, India.He joined as Assistant Professor in

Kolhapur Institute of Technology’s College of Engineeringwhere he taught System on Chip, Real Time Systems andSatellite Communication subjects. Presently working inSanjeevan Engineering and Technology Institute where hehandled Advanced Microprocessors & Microcontrollers andVLSI Design, Mechatronics, Robotics subjects. His researchinterest includes VLSI Signal Processing and MedicalElectronics.

Nitin B. Bange studying in Final Year ofElectronics and TelecommunicationDepartment at Sanjeevan Engineering &Technology Institute, Panhala from ShivajiUniversity, Kolhapur, India.

Monika B. Kumbhar studying in Final Yearof Electronics and TelecommunicationDepartment at Sanjeevan Engineering &Technology Institute, Panhala from ShivajiUniversity, Kolhapur, India.

Snehal M. Patil studying in Final Year ofElectronics and TelecommunicationDepartment at Sanjeevan Engineering &Technology Institute, Panhala from ShivajiUniversity, Kolhapur, India.

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