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Transcript of 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9...
![Page 1: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-1
Chapter 9
Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings
• converters for soft switching
![Page 2: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-2
One Inverter Leg
• The output current can be positive or negative
![Page 3: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-3
Hard Switching Waveforms
• The output current can be positive or negative
![Page 4: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-4
Turn-on and Turn-off Snubbers
• Turn-off snubbers are used
![Page 5: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-5
Switching Trajectories
• Comparison of Hard versus soft switching
![Page 6: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-6
Undamped Series-Resonant Circuit
• The waveforms shown include initial conditions
![Page 7: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-7
Series-Resonant Circuit with Capacitor-Parallel Load
• The waveforms shown include initial conditions
![Page 8: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-8
Impedance of a Series-Resonant Circuit
• The impedance is capacitive below the resonance frequency
![Page 9: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-9
Undamped Parallel-Resonant Circuit
• Excited by a current source
![Page 10: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-10
Impedance of a Parallel-Resonant Circuit
• The impedance is inductive at below the resonant frequency
![Page 11: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-11
Series Load Resonant (SLR) Converter
• The transformer is ignored in this equivalent circuit
![Page 12: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-12
SLR Converter Waveforms
• The operating frequency is below one-half the resonance frequency
![Page 13: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-13
SLR Converter Waveforms
• The operating frequency is in between one-half the resonance frequency and the resonance frequency
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-14
SLR Converter Waveforms
• The operating frequency is above the resonance frequency
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-15
Lossless Snubbers in SLR Converters
• The operating frequency is above the resonance frequency
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-16
SLR Converter Characteristics
• Output Current as a function of operating frequency for various values of the output voltage
![Page 17: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-17
SLR Converter Control
• The operating frequency is varied to regulate the output voltage
![Page 18: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-18
Parallel Load Resonant (PLR) Converter
• The transformer is ignored in this equivalent circuit
![Page 19: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-19
PLR Converter Waveforms
• The current is in a discontinuous conduction mode
![Page 20: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-20
PLR Converter Waveforms
• The operating frequency is below the resonance frequency
![Page 21: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-21
PLR Converter Waveforms
• The operating frequency is above the resonance frequency
![Page 22: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-22
PLR Converter Characteristics
• Output voltage as a function of operating frequency for various values of the output current
![Page 23: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-23
Hybrid-Resonant DC-DC Converter
• Combination of series and parallel resonance
![Page 24: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-24
Parallel-Resonant Current-Source Converter
• Basic circuit to illustrate the operating principle at the fundamental frequency
![Page 25: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-25
Parallel-Resonant Current-Source Converter
• Using thyristors; for induction heating
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-26
Class-E Converters
Optimum mode
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-27
Class-E Converters
Non-Optimum mode
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-28
Resonant Switch Converters
Classifications
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-29
ZCS Resonant-Switch Converter
• One possible implementation
![Page 30: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-30
ZCS Resonant-Switch Converter
• Waveforms; voltage is regulated by varying the switching frequency
![Page 31: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-31
ZCS Resonant-Switch Converter
• A practical circuit
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-32
ZVS Resonant-Switch Converter
• Serious limitations
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Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-33
ZVS Resonant-Switch Converter
• Waveforms
![Page 34: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-34
MOSFET Internal Capacitances
• These capacitances affect the MOSFET switching
![Page 35: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-35
ZVS-CV DC-DC Converter
• The inductor current must reverse direction during each switching cycle
![Page 36: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-36
ZVS-CV DC-DC Converter
• One transition is shown
![Page 37: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-37
ZVS-CV Principle Applied to DC-AC Inverters
• Very large ripple in the output current
![Page 38: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-38
Three-Phase ZVS-CV DC-AC Inverter
• Very large ripple in the output current
![Page 39: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-39
Output Regulation by Voltage Control
• Each pole operates at nearly 50% duty-ratio
![Page 40: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-40
ZVS-CV with Voltage Cancellation
• Commonly used
![Page 41: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-41
Resonant DC-Link Inverter
• The dc-link voltage is made to oscillate
![Page 42: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-42
Three-Phase Resonant DC-Link Inverter
• Modifications have been proposed
![Page 43: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-43
High-Frequency-Link Inverter
• Basic principle for selecting integral half-cycles of the high-frequency ac input
![Page 44: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-44
High-Frequency-Link Inverter
• Low-frequency ac output is synthesized by selecting integral half-cycles of the high-frequency ac input
![Page 45: 9-1 Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 9 Resonant Converters Chapter 9 Zero-Voltage or Zero-Current Switchings converters for soft switching.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649d995503460f94a83dce/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 9 Resonant Converters 9-45
High-Frequency-Link Inverter
• Shows how to implement such an inverter