Ericsson Parameters Summary

Parameter Description Range

Ericsson

Dafault

Value

SingTel

Recommended

Value Remarks

BSPWRB Base Station output power 0 -> 63 dbm 45 45 dBm Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm

GSM 900: 31 to 47dbm In odd

values onlyGSM 1800: 33 to 45dbm In odd

BSPWRT

Base Station output power for the non-BCCH RF

channel numbers 0 -> 63 dbm 45 Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm

GSM 900: 31 to 47dbm In odd

values only

GSM 1800: 33 to 45dbm In odd

values only

CGI

Cell Global Identity (conisists of MCC-MNC-LAC-

CI)

MCC - Mobile Country Code MCC : 3 digits - Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

MNC - Mobile Network Code

MNC : 2 or 3 digits depending

Mncdigithand) -

LAC - Location Area Code LAC: 1 to 65535 -

CI - Cell Identity CI : 0 to 65535 -

BSIC

Base Station Identity Code (consists of NCC-

BCC)

NCC - Network Coloue Code NCC: 0 to 7 - In Singtel GSM900, we are only allow to use 1, 4 and 6 for NCC

BCC - Base station colour code BCC: 0 to 7 - 0 to 7 BSIC = NCC BCC eg NCC=4 , BSIC will ranges from 40 to 47

BCCHNO Absolute RF channel number for BCCH 1 to 124( GSM900) - - Bcch - Broadcast Control Channel

512 to 885 (GSM1800) - -

BCCHTYPE Type of BCCH

1) COMB - indicates that the cell has a combined

BCCH and SDCCH/4 COMB, COMBC, NCOMB NCOMB NCOMB The BCCH is always allocated to time slot number 0 in the defined ARFCN2) COMBC - indicates that the cell has a

combined BCCH and SDCCH/4 with CBCH

subchannel ARFCN - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

3) NCOMB - indicates that the cell does not have

any type of combines BCCH and SDCCH/4 CBCH - is used for transmission of messages when the function

Short Messages Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) is activate in the cell

CBCH - Cell Broadcast Channel

Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

AGBLK Number of reserved access granted blocks

0 to 7 if non-combined Bcch is

used 1 1 AGBLK Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

0 to 2 if combined Bcch and

SDCCH/4 is used

MFRMS

Multiframes Period - defined period of

transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to

the 2 to 9 CCCH multiframes 6 5 CCCH Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

same paging subgroups

FNOFFSET

Frame Number Offset - Indicates the time

difference from the FN generator in the BTS 0 to 1325 TDMA Frames 0 0 TDMA Frame

To prevent that all cells on a site send BCCH channels at the same time it is possible

to define a deviation with respect to the FN generator called FNOFFSET. By using

FNOFFSET on a synchronised two or three sector site the time for decoding BSIC

can be reduced. RBS2000 and 200 only support the range 0 to 1023.

ECSC

Early Classmark Sending Control - indicates if an

MS in the cell is allowed to use No - Early sending is not allowed Yes YES The parameter ECSC has to be set to YES in order to allow the MS to send the

early classmark Sending. Yes - Early sending is allowed MS mutliband and/or multislot capability.

TSC Training Sequence Code 0 to 7 Same as BCC 1,4,7

MSTXPWR Maximum transmit power for MS on connnection

13 to 43 dbm (GSM900) odd

values only 33 33 dBm

4 to 30 dbm (GSM1800) odd

values only 30 30 dBm

STATE Cell or Channel Group state ACTIVE, HALTED - ACTIVE The cell or channel group is active or halted

HOP Frequency hopping status ON, OFF, TCH TCH TCH SDCCHs as well as TCHs can hop.

ON: The hopping status for the channel group is

hopping for TCH and SDCCH A bcch will not hop even if it belongs to a channel group defined as hopping

OFF: The hopping status for the channel group is

non hopping

TCH: The hopping status fpr the channel group is

hopping for TCH only

HSN Hopping Sequence Number 0 to 63 system 1 to 63

HSN=0 : cyclic hopping sequences defined

HSN=1 to 63 : pseudo random sequences

NUMREQBPC

The number of required basic physical channels

(BPCs) in a channel group 8 to 128 in steps of 8, SYSDEF SYSDEF 16 to 96 range SYSDEF: system defined limit [ 1 TRX = 8]

DCHNO Absolute RF channel number 1 to 124( GSM900) - 32 ARFCN GSM900: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1800: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1900: max 31 DCHNO

Related to BCCH plan 512 to 885 (GSM1800)

SDCCH Required number of SDCCH/8 0 to 16 1 1 sdcch Refer to notes for different types of configurations

TN

Timeslot number where the SDCCH/8 will be

located.

0 to 3 (normal cell). 0, 2

(extended range cell). 1 1st TimeSlot TN is only valid for CCHPOS = TN and must be equal for all channel groups in a cell.

CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel Yes, No No NO

SCHO SDCCH handover switch ON, OFF OFF OFF ON - handovers on SDCCH are allowed; OFF - handovers on SDCCH are not allowed

DTXD Discontinuous Transmission Downlink ON, OFF OFF OFF Note: ON: DTX DL is enabled for the cell; OFF: DTX DL is disabled for the cell

DTXU Uplink DTX indicator 0 to 2 1 1 Uplink discontinuous transmission means that the MS does not

0: The MSs may use uplink discontinuous

transmission transmit continuously, but only when necessary, thus being able

1: The MSs shall use uplink discontinuous

transmission to save batteries

2: The MSs must not use uplink discontinuous

transmission

MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset 0 to 15 or DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT SingTel using Baseband Hopping for GSM900 System, RF Hopping for GSM1800

FHOP Frequency Hopping BB, SY BB

BB: Baseband hopping

SY: Synthesiser hopping

CHGR

A cell is divided into one or more channel groups

which contain all physical channels on an

arbitrary number of frequencies. Cells with a

subcell structure must have at least one channel

group defined in each subcell. 0 to 15 0 0

0 (for cells without a subcell structure).

n/a (for overlaid subcells).

0 (for underlaid subcells).

SCTYPE

Subcell type. SingTel does not use Intelligent

Underlay Overlay [IUO] UL, OL - -

UL The subcell type is underlaid.

OL The subcell type is overlaid.

CELL DATA HCSBAND Layer

LAYER

Defines which cell layers belong to the specified

HSCBAND. Layer 1 has the highest priority

(microcell) 1 to 8 2 1 /2

The HCS feature with 3 layers allows building a network in a two- or three-layered

structure. The higher layers can for example be used for large cells and the lower

for small cells. Cells in layer 1 have higher priority than cells in layer 2, which in turn

have higher priority than cells in layer 3.

LAYERTHR

The signal strength threshold is used for ranking

of cells in different layer within each HCSBAND 0 to 150 dbm 75 75 dBm / 95 dBm

LAYERHYST

Layer Hysteresis - signal strength is used for

ranking cells in different layers within each

HCSBAND 0 to 63db 2 2 dB

PSSTEMP Signal strength penalty temporary offset 0 to 63db 0 0 dB

PTIMTEMP

specifies the duration during which PSSTEMP is

valid 0 to 600 seconds 0 0 second

FASTMSREG Handling of fast-moving mobiles switches ON, OFF OFF OFF

CSYSTYPE Specifies the system type for the cell

GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900,

MIXED GSM900 GSM900 Unless it is an Ericsson G18 cell, then it will be specified as GSM1800

MBCR

Multi Band Cells Reported - defines the nos of

neighbours from each frequency band that shall

be 0 to 3 0 0 or 1

0 The multiband MS reports the strongest identified neighbours irrespective of the

frequency band used in the cells.

reported in the measurement report

1 The multiband MS attempts to report, at least, the strongest identified neighbour

cells in each frequency band.

IDLE MODE Cell Selection Criteria: C1, C2

ACCMIN

Minimum received signal level in dbm at the MS

for permission to access the system 47 to 110 dBm - 110 dBm - 104 dBm A low value of ACCMIN means that the coverage in idle mode is improved at the

expense of the risk of having an increased number of call setup failures

CCHPWR

Maximum transceiver power level an MS may use

when accessinf on a control channel 13 to 43 (GSM900) 33 33 dBm

4 to 30 (GSM1800) 30 30 dBm

CRH

Cell Reselection Hysteresis - receiving signal

strength hysteresis for required cell reselection 0 to 14 in steps of 2db 4 4 dB C1(N) > C1 + CRH

over location area border (LAC)

NCCPERM

PLMM (NCC) Permitted - defined the allow NCCs

(Network Colour Code) on the BCCH carriers 0 to 7 1, 4, 6 1,4,6 Up to 8 NCCs can be defined

for which the MS is permitted to send

measurement reports

CB Cell Bar Access Yes, No No No

CBQ

Cell Bar Qualify - HIGH: The cell has high

priority; LOW: The cell has low priority HIGH, LOW HIGH HIGH

CRO

Cell Reselection Offset - defines an offset to

encourage or discourage MSs to select the cell

0 to 63 [0 dB to 126 dB in steps

of 2 dB) 0 0 dB / 4 = 8 dB The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

while it is camping on another cell, eg: perforam a

cell reselection

C2 = C1 + CRO − TO * H(PT − T) for PT ≠ 31

C2 = C1 − CRO for PT = 31

TO

Temporary Offset - defines a negative offset

applied to CRO

0 to 7 [0 dB to infinite dB in

steps of 10 dB] 0 0 dB The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

PT

Penalty time - defines duration for which TO is

applied

0 to 31 [0 sec to 620 sec in steps

of 20 sec] 0 0 / 31 The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

T3212

Defines the time-out value that controls the

location updating procedure,

0 to 255 deci hours [Infinite time

out to 25.5 hours] 40 20 = 2 hours

DOUBLE BA List

MBCCHNO

Absolute RF channel number for measurement on

BCCH 1 to 124 (GSM900) - 32 BCCH in the List

MBCCHNO is the BCCH allocation, i.e. it indicates to the MS the frequencies that

must be monitored and measured in idle, active or both modes.Up to 32 BCCH carriers

can be defined by specifying their ARFCN

512 to 885 (GSM1800)

LISTTYPE

identifies which type pf list the chosen

frequencies will be on IDLE, ACTIVE, Omited - IDLE/ ACTIVE

Extended range

RLINKUP

Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the

radio counter for the uplink 1 to 63 SACCH periods (480ms) 16 16

RLINKUP is used by the BSC to determine when to disconnect the call upon

repeated failure in decoding the SACCH.

RINKT

Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the

radio downlink counter

8 to 64 in steps of 4 SACCH

periods (480ms) 16 16

A counter that is given the value RLINKT is started in the MS

after the assignment of a dedicated channel. Two units increase

the counter if the SACCH data is successfully decoded. One

unit decreases it if it cannot be successfully decoded. If the

counter reaches the value zero, then the call release is initiated.

MAXTA

Maximum timing advance before an MS is

considered lost 0 to 63 (normal cell) 63 63

If the measured timing advance value for an access burst is

equal to or greater than MAXTA, then the connection set-up

signalling is terminated by the system.

XRANGE Extended range cell YES, NO NO NO

If the cell is an extended range cell, traffic at a distance of

greater than 35 km between the MS and the BTS can be

supported

Filter control for measurement

SSEVALSD Signal strength filter for speech/data 1 to 9 6 6 1 to 5: General FIR filters; 6: Straight Average filter

QEVALSD Quality filter for speech./data 1 to 9 6 6 7: Exponential filter; 8: First order Butterworth filter

SSVALSI Signal strength filter for signalling only 1 to 9 6 6 9 Median filter

QEVALSI Quality filter for signalling only 1 to 9 6 6

SSLENSD Length of signal strength filter speech/data 1 to 20 SACCH periods 4 10 1 SACCH period (480 ms).

QLENSD Length of quality filter for speech/data 1 to 20 SACCH periods 12 12

SSLENSI

Length of signal strength filter for signalling

only 1 to 20 SACCH periods 4 10

QLENSI Length of quality filter for signalling only 1 to 20 SACCH periods 12 12

SSRAMPSD

Ramping length of signal strength for

speech/data 1 to 20 SACCH periods 5 5

SSRAMPSI

Ramping length of signal strength for signalling

only 1 to 20 SACCH periods 2 6

LOCATING DATA : Basic ranking of cell data

MISSNM

Max no of consecutive missing measurements for

serving cell or neighbouring cell permitted 0 to 18 3 3

Maximum number of consecutive missing measurements for a serving cell or

neighbouring cell permitted before all old measurements are considered invalid.

before old measurements are considered invalid

BSTXPWR

is the BTS output power on all frequencies other

than Bcch frequency 0 to 80 dbm 50 50 dBm

BSPWR

is the BTS output power on the [ BCCH frequency

] 0 to 80 dbm 50 50 dBm

MSRXMIN

Minimum required signal strength received at the

MS in a given cell to consider the cell 0 to 150 dbm 100 100 dBm

as a possible candidate for handover

BSRXMIN

Minimum required signal strength received at the

BTS, at the reference point, to consider the 0 to 150 dbm 116 116 dBm

cell as a possible candidate for handover

MSRXSUFF

Sufficient signal strength received at the MS to

consider the cell selectable for further ranking 0 to 150 dbm 0 0 dBm

according to the magnitude of the path loss

BSRXSUFF

Sufficient signal strength received at the BTS,

at the reference point, to consider the cell 0 to 150 dbm max 150 150 dBm

selectable for further ranking according to the

magnitude of the path loss

AW

Assignment to worst cell switch. Identifies if

assignment to worse cell is allowed from that cell ON, OFF OFF ON

GPRS Channel administration

GPRS Activates/deactivates GPRS support in the cell ON, OFF ON ON

FPDCH

used to dedicate a number of traffic channels in

the cell for GPRS only 0 to 8 0 1 The dedicated Pdch will not be pre-empted by circuit switched traffic

PDCHALLOC

used in the channel allocation algorithm to

determine where the first dedicated PSET of

PDCH be allocated NOPREF, FIRST, LAST NOPREF NOPREF note: NOPREF: the channel alocation algorithm should not consider this parameterLAST When allocating dedicated PDCH it must

not be allocated on the non-hopping BCCH

frequency.

If no channels are available on other frequencies

than the non-hopping BCCH frequency ondemand

channels are allocated instead, until the

requirement is fulfilled.

FIRST When allocating the first dedicated PDCH it must be allocated on the non-

hopping BCCH frequency. If no channels are available on the non-hopping BCCH

frequency on-demand channels are allocated instead, until the requirement is

fulfilled.

CHCODING

CHCODING is used to the GPRS channel-coding

scheme. CS 1 or 2 for Ericsson R8 CS 2 CS 2

PILTIMER

When an on-demand PDCH becomes idle it is

placed in the idle list for the packet switched

domain and PILTIMER is started. When the

PILTIMER expires for a PDCH the channel is

returned to circuit switched domain. 1 to3600. 20 seconds 20 seconds

GPRSPRIO

0 (pre-empt GPRS connection when needed for

voice)

16 (pre-empt all but 1 idle GPRS ts) 0,16,24 0 0 or 1

24 (pre-empt only idle GPRS ts, leave busy GPRS

connections alone)

MS power control

DMPSTATE Dynamic MS power control state ACTIVE, INACTIVE INACTIVE ACTIVE

SSDES

Defines the target value for the desired signal

strength uplink measured by the BTS during the

stationary phase. 47 to 110 dbm 85 95 dBm Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area

INIDES

Defines the target value for the desired signal

strength uplink measured by the BTS during the

initial phase. 47 to 110 dbm 70 85 dBm

SSLEN Length of stationary signal strength filter 3 to 15 SACCH periods 5 5 SACCH The value of SSLEN > INILEN.

INILEN Length of initial signal strength filter 0, 2 to 5 SACCH periods 2 2 SACCH Faster when value is lower

LCOMPUL

Path loss compensator factor, uplink. When set

to zero, no power control towards SSDES is 0 to 100% 70 30%

PMARG

Power margin on the new channel at assignment,

intra-cell handover and subcell change and on the

old channel at assignment failure or handover

failure. 0 to 20 dB 8 3 dB

QDESUL Desired quality uplink 0 to 70 dtqu 20 35 dtqu

QLEN Length of the uplink quality filter 1 to 20 SACCH periods 8 12 SACCH

QCOMPUL Quality deviation compensation factor, uplink 0 to 60 % 30 30%

REGINT Regulation interval, stationary, uplink 1 to 30 SACCH periods 3 3 SACCH

MS power regulation is performed at intervals specified by REGINT. A new power

order is issued only if the calculated power level is different from the current MS

power level.

DTXFUL

Number of measurements periods before the full

set of measurements are used 0 to 40 SACCH periods 5 5 SACCH

The MS can change the power level in steps of

2 dB with a maximum of 8 steps per SACCH

period.

BTS power control

DBPSTATE Dynamic BTS power control state ACTIVE, INACTIVE INACTIVE ACTIVE

SDCCHREG SDCCH power control switch ON, OFF OFF OFF

SDCCH power control switch. Identifies if power control on

SDCCH is allowed on non BCCH frequencies.

SSDESDL

defines the target value for the desired signal

strength downlink as measured by MS in

different parts of the power control interval. 47 to 110 dbm 70 90 dBm Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area

REGINTDL Regulation interval, downlink 1 to 10 SACCH periods 5 1 SACCH Faster steps of powering up by 2 dB at 1 SACCH

SSLENDL Length of downlink signal strength filter 3 to 15 SACCH periods 5 4 SACCH

LCOMPDL Path Loss compensator factor, downlink 0 to 100 % 70 20% When set to zero there is no power control towards SSDESDL.

QDESDL Desired quality, downlink 0 to 70 dtqu 20 0 dtqu RxQual = 0

QCOMPDL Quality deviation compensation factor, downlink 0 to 60 % 30% 60% When set to zero, no quality compensation is performed.

QLENDL Length of downlink quality filter 1 to 20 SACCH periods 8 5 SACCH

BSPWRMIN

Min allowed output power for the BTS at the

locating reference point on the non Bcch freqs -20 to +50 dbm 20 20 dB

Urgency Conditions for Handover [Locating Algorithm]

TALIM

Timing advance limit for handover - Urgency

detection parameter

0 to 63 (normal cell) Bits periods

(bp) 62 61

TALIM determines the maximum timing advance

that the MS is recommended to use in the cell 0 to 219 (extended range cell) bp

PSSBQ

Signal strength penalty when handover due to

bad quality. This penalty is valid during

PTIMBQ 0 to 63 db 10 dB 10 dB

PSSTA

Signal strength penalty when handover doe to

too large timing advance. It is valid during

PTIMTA 0 to 63 db 63 63 dB

PTIMBQ Penalty time when handover due to bad quality 0 to 600 seconds 10 15 sec

PTIMTA

Penalty time when handover due to too large

timing advance 0 to 600 seconds 10 10 sec

QLIMDL

Quality limit downlink for handover. Urgency

detection parameter 0 to 100 dtqu 55 55 dtpu Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).

QLIMUL

Quality limit uplink for handover. Urgency

detection parameter 0 to 100 dtqu 55 55 dtpu Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).

Handover Failure

PSSHF Signal strength penalty at handover failure 0 to 63 db 63 dB 63 dB

PTIMHF Penalty time at handover failure 0 to 600 seconds 15 15

Intra cell handover

IHO

Intra handover switch: ON - Intra cell handover

is allowed; OFF - Intra cell is not allowed ON, OFF OFF OFF SingTel does not use Intra-Cell Handover. [Globe: ON ]

TMAXIHO Timer for handover counter 0 to 60 seconds 6 6 seconds 6

TIHO Intra cell handover inhibition timer 0 to 60 seconds 10 5 seconds 10

MAXIHO

Maximum number of consecutive intra-cell

handovers 0 to 15 3 3 3

QOFFSETUL Offset for quality uplink -50 to +50 dtqu 0 0 10

QOFFSETDL Offset for quality downlink -50 to +50 dtqu 0 0 10

SSOFFSETULOffset for signal strength uplink -30 to +30 db 0 0 0

SSOFFSETDLOffset for signal strength downlink -30 to +30 db 0 0 0

Idle Channel Measurements

ICMSTATE Idle Channel Measurement State ACTIVE, PASSIVE, NOALLOC PASSIVE ACTIVE

ACTIVE: The measurements made are used for statistical purposes and at channel

allocation.

PASSIVE: No idle channel measurements are made.

NOALLOC: The measurements are used for statistical purposes only.

INTAVE

The number of measurements that should be

used in the calculation of the interference band

for a channel 1 to 31 SACCH periods 6 6 SACCH

LIMITn

defines threshold limits for five different

interference bands LIMIT1 = 0 to 59 2 2 Band 1 : -108 dBm

LIMIT2 = 1 to 60 6 6 Band 2 : - 104 dBm

LIMIT3 = 2 to 61 12 12 Band 3 : - 98 dBm

LIMIT4 = 3 to 62 22 25 Band 4 : - 85 dBm

CELL LOAD SHARING

CLSSTATE

Cell load sharing active/inactive for an individual

cell ACTIVE, INACTIVE INACTIVE ACTIVE For CLSSTATE activation to have effect, CLSSTATE must be activated

CLSACC

Percentage of available full rate capable

traffic channels in a target cell at or below

which no 1 to 100 % 40% 40%

handovers due to Cell Load sharing will be

accepted

CLSLEVEL

Percentage of available full rate capable

traffic channels at which or below which Cell

load sharing 0 to 99 % 20% 20% The value of of CLSLEVEL must be less than the value of CLSACC

evaluations are initiated.

HOCLSACC

Handover due to cell load sharing accepted to

this cell ON, OFF OFF ON

RHYST

Hysteresis reduction parameter - determines

how much hysteresis can be reduced in the cell

load sharing 0 to 100 % 75% 75%

evaluation

CLSRAMP Cell load sharing ramping time parameter. 0 to 30 seconds 5 seconds 5 The interval during which value of RHYST is ramped up from zero to the final value.

Neighbouring

Ericsson 1 locating algorithm:

TRHYST

KHYST

LHYST

TROFFSET

KOFFSET

LOFFSET

Ericsson 3 locating algorithm:

HIHYST

LOHYST

HYSTSEP

OFFSET

Cell Relation SingTel is using Ericsson 3 Algorithm

Ericsson 1

CELLR Related Cell designation 1 to 7 Characters - -

KHYST Signal strength hystersis when evaluating K-cells 0 to 63db 3 dB 3 dB

LHYST Path Loss hystersis when evaluating L-cells 0 to 63db 3 dB 3 dB

TRHYST

Signal Strength hysteresis for a K- and L- cell

border segment -63 to 63 db 2 dB 3 dB

KOFFSET Signal strength offset when evaluating K-cells 0 to 63 db 0 3 dB If set to 6 dB, Slower handover to CELLR

LOFFSET Path Lloss offset when evalutaing L-cells -63 to 63 db 0 0 dB

TROFFSET

Signal strength offset for a K- and L-cell border

segment -63 to 63 db 0 0 dB

BQOFFSET

Signal strength region for bad quality urgency

handovers 0 to 63db 63 dB 3 dB If set to 0 dB, faster handover to CELLR

CAND Candidate Type AWN, NHN, BOTH BOTH BOTH

AWN: Neighbour at assignment to worse cell

NHN: Neighbour at normal handover and at

assignment to better cell

BOTH: Both of the above

AWOFFSET

Signal strength region where assignment to

worse cell is allowed 0 to 63 db 3 dB 3 3 dB -> 20 dB when Serving cell is Congested, to offload to other cell [CELLR]

Ericsson 3

HIHYST

Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating high

signal strength cells 0 to 63 db 5 dB 5 dB

LOHYST

Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating low

signal strength cells 0 to 63 db 3 dB 3 dB

HYSTSEP

Signal strength separator for high and low

signal strength cells 0 to 150 dbm 90 dBm 90 dBm

OFFSET Signal strength offset -63 to 63 db 0 3 dB

The parameter is represented by OFFSETN, if the value is in the range (−63, -

1) dB. Positive values, (0, 63) dB, is represented by OFFSETP.