81553131 Impact of Information Technology

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Impact of Information Technology


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Agenda

Shneidermans Plagues of the

Information era

Ethics Issues

Corporate Code of IT Ethics

Other Impacts


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Information Age

Ben Shneiderman

Univ. Maryland (College Park)

Computer Science

Human Factors Institute

System Philosopher


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Plagues

Anxiety

Computer shock

Terminal terror

Network neurosis

Alienation

Less connected to other people

Whose voice is that, anyway


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Plagues

Impotence of individual

Everyone treated the same No special treatment for exceptions

Bewildering complexity and speed

Windows 2002? Pentium


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Plagues

Organizational fragility

Invasion of privacy

Retail database Unemployment and displacement

Clerks/typesetters

VP - mortgage loan decision replaced byExpert System (ES)


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Plagues

Lack of responsibility

Sorry, the computer wont let me

________.

Deteriorating image of people

Intelligent terminals

Expert systems

Maybe theyll keep us as pets.


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Agenda


Information era

Ethics Issues


Other Impacts


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Ethics Issues

IT increases, particularly in

processing and storage, have led to

increases in:

Numbers of mistakes

Computer crime

Invasion of privacy

Unethical behavior


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Computer Crime

Add / delete / modify inputs

Modify / develop programs that

commit a crime

Alter / modify data files

Operate IT in a way to commit

a crime Divert / misuse valid output

Role of auditor


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Security / Privacy

Security is protection of data which, if

wrongly disseminated, may damage

organizational goals (e.g., profit)

Privacy is protection of data which, if

wrongly disseminated, may damage

individuals.

Natural motivation to protect security

Must have laws to protect privacy


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Masons PAPA Model

Privacy

Accuracy

Property Access


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Privacy

What information about individuals

should be revealed?

What safeguards are in place to

protect a persons privacy?

What information can a person keep

private and confidential, and not be

forced to reveal to others?


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Accuracy

Who is responsible for data

accuracy?

Who is accountable / liable for

inaccurate data?

What safeguards have been

established to ensure accuracy?

What can individuals do to ensure

that data stored on them is accurate?


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Property

Who owns the information?

Who has the right to buy or acquire

the information?

How should access to intellectual

property be regulated?

Who places a value on intellectualproperty?


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Intellectual Property Rights

Trade secrets

Software, if not in public domain

Copyright 1980 Computer Software Copyright Act

Patent

1981 Supreme Court decision allowedsoftware to be patented


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Access

What information does a person

have a right to access?

What safeguards exist for

information access?

How do we guarantee equal access

across social and economic groups?


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Agenda


Information era

Ethics Issues


Other Impacts


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Laudon and Laudon, 1996

Issues that must be addressed

Information rights / obligations

Property rights / obligations

Accountability and control

System quality

Quality of life


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Info Rights / Obligations

Employee e-mail privacy

Workplace monitoring

Treatment of corporate information

Policies on customer information


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Property Rights

Software licenses

Ownership firm data / facilities

Ownership employee softwarecreated on firms hardware

Software copyrights


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Accountability / Control

Single person responsible for all IT

Reporting persons responsible for:

Individual rights

Property rights

System quality

Quality of life

Potential liabilities of system /

corporation officers


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System Quality

Errors that can be tolerated

System warranties

Measurement methodology Collection

Reporting


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Quality of Life

IT purpose to improve quality of life

for customers and employees

Achieve high levels of: Product quality

Customer service

Employee satisfaction Human dignity


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Agenda


Information era

Ethics Issues


Other Impacts


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Organizations

Structure (E-commerce)

Multination & culture

Flatter organizational hierarchies

Management

Telecommuting

Authority, power, & status (expert systems)


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Individual

Telecommuting

Satisfaction

Dehumanization & psychological

Health

Ergonomics


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Points to Remember


Information era

Ethics Issues


Other Impacts


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Discussion Questions

What are your suggestions to regulate the

usage (privacy issues) of customer data

by a business?

Who will be responsible for the information

error produced by an organization?

What policy does your organization have

in terms of privacy and security issue?

81553131 Impact of Information Technology

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