8051 Based Digital Clock

8/4/2019 8051 Based Digital Clock

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SIM PLE DIGITAL CLOCK8051 MICROCONTROLLER

S.SAS.I.T.(E.C. DEPT)

D IG ITAL CLOCK US ING8051 ~CCONTENTS:-03" ABSTRACT.03" AIM.03" CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DISCRIPTION 03" BLOCK DIAGRAM & SORCECODE (PROGRAMMING).03" COMPONANTS.

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAYAT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER

'-PIN DISCRIPTION,FEATURE,ARCHITECTURE.'-FUTURE & APPLICATION.'-DATASHEET & OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS.

03" CONCLUSION.

MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTSANKDASARIYA SHAILESH B.ENRL NO-090760111025SSASIT (E.C. DEPARTMENT)

Prepaired by SHAILESH PATEL ENRLNO.090760111025


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S .SAS .I .T .(E.C . DEPT)

SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATIINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRONICS& COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTB.E. III (E.C.) SEM-V

SUBJECT : M IC 8051 PRO JEC T -D IG ITA L C LO CK

PREPARED BY:-(1)SANKDASARIYA SHAILESH 8.-090760111025



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-:ABSTRACT:-

A microcontroller is a small and low-cost computer built for the purpose of dealing with specifictasks, such as displaying information in a microwave LED or receiving information from atelevision's remote control. Microcontrollers are mainly used in products that require a degreeof control to be exerted by the user.Microprocessors are used to execute big and generic applications, while a microcontroller willonly be used to execute a single task within one application.These microcontrollers are old but still trendy and most of the companies fabricate thesemicrocontrollers. The older types of 8051 have 12 clocks per instruction that make it sluggishwhereas the recent 8051 have 6 clocks per instruction. The 8051 microcontroller does not havean in built memory bus and AID converters. In 1980, Intel fabricated the single chipmicrocontroller 8051 with Harvard architecture.

PREPARED BY: SHAILESH PATELENROLLMENT NO:090760111025GUIDE BY: PROF. HV.R & S.L.S



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SIMPLE DIGITAL CLOCK USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C51)

~AIM:-A digital clock is one that displays time digitally. The circuit explained here displaystime with two 'minutes' digits and two 'seconds' digits on four seven segmentdisplays. The seven segment and switches are interfaced with 8051 microcontrollerAT89C51. This circuit can be used in cars, houses, offices etc ..

~CKT DIAGRAM:-

5 v s u p p ly d e< T E X T >

P O O I A D O 1-""---:-P O . 1 IA D 1 ~ - -: -P O . 2 I A D 2 1-""---:-P 0 .3 IA D 3 ~ - - :-P O A I A D 4 1-""---:-P 0 . 5 I A D 5 ~ - ~P 0 . 6 I A D 6 1 - : " " - - -P 0 . 7 I A D 7P 20 lA 8 ~ ...JP 2 . 1 1 A 9 . .. .. .. . ---1

P 2 . 2 I A 1 0 ~------....IP 2 . 3 I A 1 1 . .. .. .. . -...1P 2 A I A 1 2~-------....IP 2 . 5 I A 1 3 . .. .. .. .. -...1P 2 . 6 I A 1 4~--------....IP 2 . 7 I A 1 5P 3 0 I R X D ~-------------+++++f-IP 3 1 ! T X D . .. .. .. .. - - - - -- - -- - -- - -.P 3 2 J N T O ~----------------IP 3 . 3 J N T 1 . . .. . .. . .. - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - .

P 3 A ! T O ~-----------------IP 3 5 ! T 1 . . .. . .. . .. - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - .

P 3 . 6 ! / I I R ~------------------IP 3 7 I R D



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SIMPLE DIGITAL CLOCK8051 MICROCONTROLLER


~DISCRIPTION:-As soon as the Vee supply is provided to th is ci rcu it, the clock starts from 00: 00. Thetime is displayed on four seven segments (in common anode configuration) we canalso do this by using the concept of multiplexing. This is achieved by using timerinterrupt (TimerO) of AT89C51.which is configured to refresh seven segments. The segments are refreshed manytimes in a second for simultaneous display.The clock runs with a delay of exactly onesecond. Delay function has been used to produce a time delay of one second. Thedata pins (a-h) of all the segments are interconnected and receive signal from portPOto P3 of the microcontroller so here all four port are utilized.The number on 4th segment (displaying the unit digit of second) is incremented oncein a second as it goes from 0 to 9. The number on 3rd segment is incremented afterevery 10 seconds from 0 to 5. Thus seconds are displayed varying from 00 to 59.The digit on the 2nd segment changes after every 60 seconds (a minute) from 0 to 9and so on. Thus the clock runs for an hour and after that it resets to zero again.

~BLOCK DIAGRAM:-We can also do this by using same concept of the multiplexing of four 7 segmantdisplay.which is discribed belove in figure. here pins of port l,p1.0 to p1.3. iscontrolled pins and port 2 is common as a data port for all four 7 segment display.

P 1.0 - P 1.3

II I~1 ~2 ~3 ~.4

8051 8 8 8 . 8 8 8 8 8ICROCONTROOLER ~. ~ ~ ~.8 8 8 G 8 G 8 8~> ~ ~ CC>.I < J I I I I I I IP 2.0 - P 2.7 AS A DATA BUS FOR 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYS

DISP 1=MINUTEDISP 2=MINUTEDISP 3=SECONDDISP 4=SECOND



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SIM PLE DIG ITAL CLO CK8051 MICROCONTROLLER

S.SAS.I.T.(E.C. DEPT)

~LOGIC TABLE FOR D ISPLAYING DIG IT IN SEVEN SEGM ENT D ISPLAYDIGIT a b c d e f g HEXValue0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ox401 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 OxF92 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Ox243 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Ox304 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Ox195 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Ox126 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ox027 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 OxF88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OxOO9 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 OxlO

~SOURCE CODE: - Program to demonstrate the principle of digital clock.this digital clock displays two minute digits and two second digits#includeunsigned char val[]={Ox40,OxF9,Ox24,Ox30,Ox19,Ox12,Ox02,OxF8,OxOO,OxlO};void delay() //Function to provide a time delay of approx. 1 second.{

int i,j;for(i=O;i


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~COMPONANT:-~SEVEN S EGMENT D IS PL AY :-

E9 f 8. b

A seven segment display is the most basic electronicdisplay device that can display digits from 0-9. They findwide application in devices that display numericinformation like digital clocks, radio, microwave ovens,electronic meters etc. The most common configuration hasan array of eight LEDs arranged in a special pattern todisplay these digits. They are laid out as a squared-offfigure '8'. Every LED is assigned a name from 'a' to 'h' andis identified by its name. Seven LEDs 'a' to 'g' are used todisplay the numerals while eighth LED 'h' is used todisplay the dot/decimal.

A seven segment is generally available in ten pinpackage. While eight pins correspond to the eight LEDs,the remaining two pins (at middle) are common andinternally shorted. These segments come in twoconfigurations, namely, Common cathode (CC) andCommon anode (CA). In CC configuration, the negativeterminals of all LEDs are connected to the common pins.The common is connected to ground and a particular LEDglows when its corresponding pin is given high. In CAarrangement, the common pin is given a high logic andthe LED pins are given low to display a number.

~AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER : -

AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongsto Atmel's 8051 family. AT89C51 has 4KB of Flashprogrammable and erasable read only memory(PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erasedand program to a maximum of 1000 times.In 40 pin AT89C51, there are four portsdesignated as Pi, P2, P3 and Po.All these ports are8-bit bi-directional ports, i.e., they can be used asboth input and output ports. Except Powhichneeds external pull-ups, rest of the ports haveinternal pull-ups. When ls are written to these

port pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs.



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All ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also be accessed individually.

PiLl

PI..3P:~.,,4

PL6Pl.-,

P3.Q j RxDP3.1 !TxDP3 .2: i ]l:itOP3.3 i ]OII;~.P3.4 J TOP3,5 ITl

P3.6 iW.riteP3.,7 !R.ea,d

GNU

n mtil :I;:lII II!13 ~n mIi iii1\1 ~iii asIII AT89C51 ill!IE mB E l iii~ ~IE ~II Iiw :Em :'EE i I i :iii!E ~IE S E a! : i D m

VeePO ..O j .ADO'Po" :~.I.ADlPO..2. IAD2PO.3 j .AD3

PO,,;;:; I.ADSPO.6 IAD6PO.7 j .AD7EA/VppALE I:ProgPSENP2,,7 !.AlSIP2.6 IA14P2.5 j .A13P2. ..4 J .A12.P2,,3 !.AI~.

P2.0 j A.,s

Port Poand P2 are also used to provide low byte and high byte addresses,respectively, when connected to an external memory. Port 3 has multiplexed pins forspecial functions like serial communication, hardware interrupts, timer inputs andread/write operation from external memory. AT89C51 has an inbuilt UART for serialcommunication. It can be programmed to operate at different baud rates. Includingtwo timers & hardware interrupts, it has a total of six interrupts.



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~PIN DISCRIPTION: -

Pin tJ!!l Funetieu tJame1 P102 P113 P1.24 8 bit input/output port (P1) pins P135 P1.46 P157 P168 P179 Reset pin; Active high Reset10 Input (receiver) for serial communication RxD P3.0

11Output (transmitter) for serial

TxD P31communication12 External interrupt 1 IntO P3.213 External interrupt 2 Int1 8 bit input/output P3314 Timer1 external input TO port (P3) pins P3.415 Timer2 external input T1 P3516 VVriteto external clata memory VVrite P3617 Reacl from external clata memory Reacl P3718 Crystal 219 Quartz crystal oscillator (up to 24 MHz) Crystal 120 Grouncl (OV) Grouncl21 P20/ A822 P21/ A923 8 bit input/output port (P2) pins P22/ A1 024 / P23/ A1125 High-orcler address bits when interfacing with external memory P2.4/ A1226 P25/ A1327 P26/ A1428 P27/ A1529 Program store enable; Reacl from external program memory PSEN30 Aclclress Latch Enable ALEProgram pulse input cluring Flash programming Prog31 External Access Enable; Vcc for internal program executions EAProgramming enable voltage; 12V (cluring Flash programming) Vpp32 PO.71AD733 PO.6/ AD634 8 bit input/output port (PO) pins PO5/ ADS35 PO.4/ AD436 Low-orcler aclclress bits when interfacing with external memory PO.3/ AD337 PO.2/ AD238 PO.1/ AD139 POO/ADO40 Supply voltage; 5V (up to 6.6V) Vcc



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~FEATURES &ARCHITECTURE: -

The 8051 architecture provides many functions (CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.)in a single package

8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers; hence it is an 8-bit microcontrolier 8-bit data bus - It can access 8 bits of data in one operation 16-bit address bus - It can access 216 memory locations - 64 KB (65536 locations) each ofRAM and ROM On-chip RAM -128 bytes (data memory) On-chip ROM - 4 kByte (program memory) Four byte bi-directional input/output port UART (serial port) Two 16-bit Counter/timers Two-level interrupt priority Power saving mode (on some derivatives)

Intel 8051 Microarchitecture PD_D - PD_? P2_D - P2_?r - - ' - " - - - - ' - - ' - - - ' - - ' - - - - ' - ' - - -II

EA#NPPRST

Interrupt, Sorial Port,and Timer Btoc!co

PSEN#AlE1PROGil

PLO-PL7 P3_0 - P3_7



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S.SAS.I.T.(E.C.DEPT)

~FUTURE OF MICRO CONTROLLERS AND APPLICATIONS:-(jJ" ENERGY MANAGEMENT:

Technology for energy management is in great demand due to government initiatives that focus onenergy. Efficient metering systems help in controlling energy usage in homes and industrialapplications. These metering systems are made capable by incorporating microcontrollers.

(jJ" TOUCH SCREENS:A touch screen is accepted as the most efficient method to implement user control. They enabledynamic user interfaces and allow increased productivity. Touch screen controllerimplementation is microcontroller-based and therefore, ample opportunities lie ahead formicrocontroller providers that incorporate touch-sensing capabilities in their designs. Portableelectronics such as home appliances, cell phones, media players, gaming devices are some ofthe domains where microcontroller-based touch screens will be in demand.(jJ" AUTOMOBILES:Microcontrollers find wide usage in hybrid vehicles, especially to ensure smooth andsimultaneous functioning of electric and petrol engines. Additionally, almost every carmanufacturer uses microcontrollers to control functions within their vehicles and to ensure error-free rides for their customers.(jJ" LED LIGHTING:Microcontrollers are used for led lighting in residential and industrial locations to enable greatercontrol and power savings.~DATASHEET & IT'S OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS:-Philiips Semiconductol"S P89V51RD2

8-bitmiicrocontroHers with 80C51 cOre

Limitingl valuesTable : Limiting values/n eccoraence with the Absolute Maximum .REllingSystem (lEe 6(134), ..ParameterS' are valid over opennuu; tempereusre range unless otherwise specified. AlllIVltages are with respect to Vss unU3cSsothenvtse notea.Symbo:1 P.llr.ameterr

Sll.!Jrtacemount !lead so'den-ingtemperatu re

;3 seconds

Min Max. Unit.b5 +125 C65 +150 C0.5 114 V0.5 VOD + 0..5 V

1.0 VDD + 1..0 V20 InA

115 InA115 IN30[) e24[) e

" I 50 InA

Tam>(b:3r5) operatrnq bias ambtent temperatureTstg s1:orag;e temperature range'ViEA voila.ge on Ell pin 100VssVn DC ,",olnage on any pin 10'gro'LJ!n.d

poterrtta:V" transtent voltaqe (


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TableSYimbol MaxinT a Jmb @Jmbi ie inrtleIl1llperatll] l1":E:lLUnci l ierbi ias

OOil1l imel l iCi ia li in1l(~U!5ir i ia l 40

sl l ],ppl ly vDl l t .a.ge v40 IMHz

~s!cii l i l latmfll ieqll l]encyfu:rin l-ap\Pl l i icat i ion pl i '~glr :a l l1 l imi ingl

0.25 40 IMHz

l i 'able Ae condi i t io l1ls oUe$~[11output II~oadiInpl l ]~ r i iSie~fal [l t ii l1f j.e

Table '. pmn ~ m~edaln ,ce(V!']\!) = 3'.3 V, "f.lmti = 25 C, f = ~ M H z ; . other P ' l l J S iJ:p61)Parameter Max. imu me st c on ditio n

1[51[ 220 1 1 i 1 I 1 1 H

1 [1~T lh li s [ pa rnme le r l is me ils ! ~r ed on ll yr or li n ii li ia '[q ,~a li fi ca ,t&Q :n. r n d a lf te r a des igW l 1m proeess clhlangie tharl!c m l [ !i : I ane,c.l th is p . f l T a r n l , e t , e : r .Table

lest methodalra me~e:r M lil1 lli ll1 li1Um Unitss pe cif iilc at i o n

.JIEDEG SlamjlalFcil lA11'il

~[It] -If II'oD rnA1 [1 .~ T lh li s [parn l ine le r r l is me i f lsmed on ll y ro r r l in i il ii a '[q ,~a[ [i f ica t&Qn.am: :!< i il fte IT des ig r ilm process clhlalll:g,eUl


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P l h i l il i1) 5 S e miiicon.dl~lCtOIIIS " P " U 9 V 5 T R " t f 2

S'iatic c h a t r a c . t e r i st i iesTalile : DC E ! '1 : ec i ri c ;a 1 cl! i :arraci:erri 'sti icsT~,= i!J DC iO O +li !J D,( ) iD'r 40 DC iro +S t iDD; !; /OO,=,4.5 l/iro 5. IV ; Ii,Iss=0' l/Synno.o l Unitond'iti'(lns Min Mall!

H IGIH !ev.e1 i l lpul w lHqeHIGiH-!ev.e1 i l lpul w lHqe (XT,!:iJ..1.RS"QL OlN -I!e ve I O 'U lp ul 'IfO IE s(le (!p on ts 1 ,,5 , V D O = 4..5 V; I IG. = ' 1 1 5 m.A'1.15,Ll)

'1.0

L01N-I !eve1 o u r t p ! . J l t w lHqe (pm-Is , 1 ,,2 ~ V DO = 4 ..5 V: : : lc ) I : W ! - na - : : ! - _ , - : = : - 1 - ( ] 0 - : , -A:------------I[]-L-)----V,',--Io!, :=: 1 . 1 5 ",1A OAti V

LO lN -1eve1 oU lpu~ : w [~ lle ~Pon t I J I "AlE" PSEJNl l [1~G]

V DO = 4,.5 V

\J \DO = 4 ,.5 Vn o . , = - ' 1 0 . A \i'm! Q t3Voo , 0 1 . 1Von 1,.5

VOL ! Ot3Voo , 0 1 . 13,85

H IG IH -! ev .e l o U lp 'U 1 w lH i3 ,g e ( Po nt i]n V DO = 4 ,.5 VE~temaJIISMode)[4J - n o - : : - J - j - = - ' --:2(!-U,A.,,-----------------V"--'iJ

l og ic 1 -l o- 'D < !n an ,s n i! l1 il c u ~r ,e ;n l(poolls 1.2~ 3l~51

' V 1 t ; 1 = 0.4 ' ! J '

10

IlilD

P b ' i 'I o ' e r " : d O U ! I '1 l mode~min , "'IDO = .2 V )

'1 is

rnArnA

i~11 IJ lf idElf s teedI I' 's1ale o( ioo l il -11af iS:~eti t~ lOO~r i [t i lJ f iS .l :: : l. l1 l1 l!1S~ I i le ' ,e :demc;J l ,; , l i li l if i led itS ~~s~: 3 1 } r .f u :J :imul il 'l l o_ IPE l f 3 -b i t PlJ l t 2; 5 m . ; ! ; ,i i i} t lfu :J: imuI i I' I IC l_ i .cl ; il 'OC:rr;ill C I!J ~,ls : 1 1 rn Ac) Ii' le t eiroEl~,CS,the, t e s t oornrilijkm, ' ' !. i ' iJ H I n l l i 3 1 l ' e :r ee ed li ne , ~ tB C S jp E' !i :i fc 'c gb "om. ! li m!; a re 001:gWE,l ' i3 f i te :d t o : simi


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SIM PLE D IG ITA L CL OCK8051 MICROCONTROLLER


1P,89V51R02hiI i i ps Semi icond l ll c t:Olrs

Oynamiic eharacteslstlcsli lii l:le : A C c h i ; n : a c l t e l l i : s , 1 1 i c : s :O l l ' e i r !Jjrlffllti~ CiM 'cMfo .M: lOiJd CD,Pi!ltJt!:llloe' ta r Pm,~Q I, Al.E; ~ l 'i Id ~ = 1 0 [ 1 1jrl-r,:.. '&fd '< '1P\ i ' i~ iUmtei ' lN , " ' S 1 other@ ' l iI 1 ' P t J ! I : s = r m pFY ; ; ' , 1 r . ! : 1 '= lire te f o lD "C aT 4\ 0 cto . +8 :5 " C; ' 1 / 0 0 = 4:.5 '1 / to 5.S! ! @ 4 '1 }M f i z; : V s s= 1) VSymbo l Parame te r 40 M lH Iz (.> :1 mod 'e ) V al1 iab le

2M)M lH I z ( .> : 2mode ) [ l :

I M l H i z[I I 4 0 I M I H i z :II[I I

ALE pu ls e w i il lt lh 362 0 [I I

2 T c L C i l . 15T o u : , _ . rsT O L C I - . ~5

ALE ILOW to wl 'i dl i ns !l J! Jl ld ion i il ii i 5 5 4 l c I L D L 45T o u : I - ~5T O L C I l . ~5

:- U C I L O L 50[I I

Teua 15T o u :, - 3 ,

S I C I L D L 0011 0

6 , T c L C I - . 3 [ 1 16 ,T c LC'- 3 ! [ 1 1

51 C I L O L 50[I t

2 l C I L O L 128lc I L O L 509i rc l L O L 75

3 1 T c L a L rs : n C I L D L . , . 1 54 T c L C 3 ! [ 1 1T o u : , _ . 2 [ 1 1i ' T C L C I - 5 [ 1 1

0Tcaca ~5 l c L ' C ! . . . ' " 1S

ALE ILGW to IPS EN ILO W~LPHI

IPS iENI ILO' I .! ' lI ' t e vali d i ll sD"lJ lc t ion " I i i iI PS iEN I p ul se 'W ii :: II th

1 0

1 0t20

il l 'IRIr lIDZ 38

ALE ILOW to RICI ! O F I lM 'R ILO'IM 80

oRICI I o W E 1H liG Hio A J L E HI~!H 4 0



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~CONCLUSION:-(jJ" After complition of this project we conclude that the 8051 family of microcontrollers is specialbecause it has many types of memory that need special instructions to access it. The basicmemory is located in the DATA segment and most instructions can access it.(jJ" The microcontroller is very useful integrated circuit by it's efficient uses and high levelprogramming skills leads to access major applications of 8051 family.

8051 Based Digital Clock

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