804 Cad Cam Cim (Me-804) Exp. Manual

8/17/2019 804 Cad Cam Cim (Me-804) Exp. Manual

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LAB MANUAL

CAD / CAM / CIM

Estd. 2004

Prepared by

(Department of Mechanical Engineering)

LAKSHMI NARAiN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGYBhawrasala, Sanwer Road, Rewati Rane, !"# ##$ Indore


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LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,

INDORE

S.NO

. DESCRIPTION S.NO. DESCRIPTION

$Introduction and analysis of CAD and

CAM lab. $$ Multiple turning cycle

% Draw Exercise n Extrusion. $% !aper turning cycle

# Draw Exercise n "e#ol#e. $# Multiple groo#ing cycle

! Draw Exercise n "ib. $! Multiple t$reading cycle

" Draw Exercise n %$ell. $" CNC & 'illing

&Draw Exercise Asse'bly f flangecoupling.

$& Linear and circular interpolation

'Draw Exercise Asse'bly f %crew

(ac).$' Circular poc)etting

( Draw Exercise Asse'bly f %trap. $( "ectangular poc)etting

) %tudy of CNC lat$e 'ac$ines. $) *ec) drilling

$* Box !urning Cycle %* Mirroring

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

FINAL YEAR

SUB. CODE ME-04 !CAD " CAM " CIM#


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CAD INTRD!CTIN

Co'puter+aided design is essentially based on a #ersatile and powerful tec$ni,ue called

co'puter grap$ics- w$ic$ basically 'eans t$e criterion and 'anipulation of pictures on a

display de#ice wit$ t$e aid of a co'puter. Co'puter grap$ics originated at t$e Massac$usettsinstitute of tec$nology MI!/ in 0123w$en t$e first co'puter+dri#en display- lin)ed to a 4$irlwind

0 co'puter- and was used to generate so'e pictures. !$e first i'portant step forward in co'puter

grap$ics ca'e in 0156 w$en a syste' called %7E!C8*AD was de'onstrated at t$e Lincoln

Laboratory of MI!. !$is syste' consists of a cat$ode ray tube C"!/ dri#en by !9: co'puter. !$e

C"! $ad a )eyboard and a lig$t pen. *ictures could be drawn on t$e screen and t$en 'anipulated

interacti#ely by t$e user #ia t$e lig$t pen.

!$is de'onstration clearly s$owed t$at t$e C"! could potentially be used as a designer;selectronic drawing board wit$ co''on grap$ic operations suc$ as scaling- translation- rotation-

ani'ation and si'ulation auto'atically perfor'ed at t$e ustified t$e $ig$ capital costs.

Anot$er crucial factor pre#enting co'puter grap$ics fro' being generally applied to engineering

industries was t$at t$ere was a loc) of appropriate grap$ics and application software to run on t$ese

syste's. 8owe#er- a co'puter+based design syste' was clearly e'erging. %ince t$ese pioneering

de#elop'ents in co'puter grap$ics- w$ic$ $ad captured t$e i'agination of t$e engineeringindustry all o#er t$e world- new and i'pro#ed $ardware- w$ic$ is faster in processing speed-

larger in 'e'ory- c$eaper in cost and s'aller in si?e- $a#e beco'e widely a#ailable.

%op$isticated software tec$ni,ues and pac)ages $a#e also been gradually de#eloped. Conse,uently-

t$e application of CAD in industry $as been growing rapidly. Initially CAD syste's pri'arily

were auto'ated rig$ting stations in w$ic$ co'puter controlled plotters produced engineering

drawings. !$e syste' were later lin)ed to grap$ic display ter'inals w$ere geo'etric 'odel

describing part di'ensions were created- and t$e resulting database in t$e co'puter was t$en used to produce drawings. Nowadays- CAD syste's can do 'uc$ 'ore t$an 'ere rig$ting. %o'e syste's

$a#e analytical capabilities t$at allow parts to be e#aluated wit$ tec$ni,ues suc$ as t$e finite ele'ent

'et$od. !$ere are also )ine'atics analysis progra's t$at enable t$e 'otion of 'ec$anis' to be

studied. In addition- CAD syste' includes testing tec$ni,ues to perfor' 'odel analysis on

structures- and to e#aluate t$eir response to pinpoint any possible def ects.


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Co'puter Aided Design is t$e process of de#eloping and using co'puter assisted design tools in t$e

design process. !$e ad#ent of co'puters $as contributed to significant ad#ance in calculation- data

$andling and utili?ation applications. !$e ability to use t$e co'puters in t$ese application a r ea s

e n$a n ces t$e capability of t$e design tea' significantly. Drafting and geo'etric 'odeling play

significant roles in CAD. !$e 'odule t$erefore concentrates on t$e general design process wit$

specific consideration to drafting and geo'etric 'odeling. !$ree different CA D s y s t e ' s a r e

referred to in t$e 'odule. !$e syllabus includes@ $istorical de#elop'ent- t$e design process-

traditional drawing practice and t$e de#elop'ent of t$e CAD industry- syste' $ardware-

co'puters 'icros to 'ainfra'es- output de#ices- storage- wor)stations- networ)ed syste's-

exa'ples of CAD syste's= si'ple entity descriptions@ points- lines- arcs- 'ade+edge lists- free+for'

cur#es- free+for' surfaces= transfor'ations@ pan- rotate and scale- 6D transfor'ations- obser#er

angles- perspecti#e- dept$ cueing= geo'etric 'odeling@ wire fra'e 'odelers- surface 'odelers- solid

'odelers C% and B+ rep/- $idden line re'o#al and 'ass properties= user interface@ input

de#ices- 'enus- grap$ics inter f ace language- para'etric.

"EARNIN# $%ECTI&E' !o understand and $andle design proble's in a syste'atic 'anner. !o

be able to use t$e capabilities pro#ided by co'puters for calculations- data $andling and #isuali?ation

applications. !o gain practical experience in $andling :D drafting and 6D 'odeling software syste's

to be able to apply CAD in real life applications.

R"ER"E CMCMPP!!TTEER'R' ININ

DEDE''II#N(#N(

As 'anual design process $as se#eral ris) factors including $u'an fatigue and t$e #aluation of

design based on $is pre#ious experience. 4it$ t$e ad#ent of co'puter and t$e de#elop'ent in t$e

field of co'puter grap$ics- #arious design 'anufacturing process ta)es place new faster rate

wit$ 'ini'u' or opti'u' error.

The belo* fig+re ,ho*n the implementation of comp+ter in de,ign (


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CMP!TER' IN DE'I#N

I'ple'entation of co'puter in t$e design stage beco'es t$e subset of design process.

nce t$e conceptual design 'ateriali?es in t$e designer 'ind t$e geo'etric 'odel starts by t$e

appropriate CAD software. !$e c$oice of geo'etric 'odel to CAD is analogous to t$e c$oice. !$e

#arious design related tas)s w$ic$ are perfor'ed by a 'odern co'puter+aided design syste'

can be grouped into four functional areas @

1. Geometric Modeling

2. Engineering Anal!i!

". De!ign re#ie$ and e#al%ation

&. A%tomated dra'ting .

##eeomeomettrricic MoModdeelliinngg

It is concerned wit$ t$e co'puter co'patible 'at$e'atical description of t$e geo'etry of an ob>ect.

!$e 'at$e'atical description allows t$e i'age of t$e ob>ect to be displayed 'anipulated on a

grap$ics ter'inal t$roug$ signals fro' t$e C*U of t$e CAD syste'.

!$e software t$at pro#ides geo'etric 'odeling capabilities 'ust be designed for efficient use

bot$ by t$e co'puter t$e $u'an designer.


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During t$e geo'etric 'odeling co'puter con#erts t$e co''and into a 'at$e'atical 'odel- stores it

in t$e co'puter data files- and display it as an i'age on t$e C"! screen. b>ect can be represented by

geo'etric 'odel by wire fra'e- surface 'odel or solid 'odel. Anot$er feature of CAD syste' is

color grap$ics capability. By 'eans of color- it is possible to display 'ore infor'ation on t$e grap$ics

screen.

EnEnginegineeeririnngg AnAnaallyy,,ii,,

!$e analysis 'ay in#ol#e stress+strain calculation- $eat transfer co'putation etc.- of t$e syste'

being displayed. !$e co'puter can be used to aid in t$is analysis wor). It is often necessary t$at

specific progra's be de#eloped internally #ie t$e engineering analysis group to sol#e particular design

proble'. In ot$er situation - co''ercially a#ailable general purpose progra's can be used to perfor'

t$e engineering analysis. Analysis 'ay be @

a. Ma!! (ro(ert anal!i!.

b. Finite element anal!i!.!$e analysis of 'ass properties is t$e analysis feature of CAD syste' w$ic$ pro#ides properties of

solid ob>ect being analyses- suc$ as t$e surface area- weig$t- #olu'e- centre of gra#ity and 'o'ent of

inertia.

In EA t$e ob>ect is di#ided into large nu'ber of finite ele'ents w$ic$ for' an interconnecting

networ) concentrated nodes. By using a co'puter wit$ significant co'putational Capabilities- t$e

entire ob>ect can be analy?ed for stress+ strain- $eat transfer coefficient at nodes. By deter'ining t$e

interrelating be$a#iors of all nodes in t$e syste'- t$e be$a#ior of t$e entire ob>ect can be assessed.

DDee,,iiggnn rree--iiee** ..EE-al+ati-al+atioonn

C$ec)ing t$e accuracy of t$e design can be acco'plis$ed co#alently on t$e grap$ical ter'inal.

%e'iauto'atic di'ensioning and tolerance routines w$ic$ assign si?e specification to surface

indicated by t$e user $elp you to reduce t$e possibility of di'ensioning errors. !$e designer

can ?oo' icon part design details and 'agnify t$e i'age on t$e grap$ics screen for close scrutiny

ne of t$e 'ost i'portant e#aluation features a#ailable on so'e co'puter aided design syste's is

7INEMA!IC%. !$e a#ailable )ine'atics pac)ages pro#ide t$e capability to ani'ate t$e 'otion of

t$e si'ple designed 'ec$anis's suc$ as $inged co'ponent lin)ages. Co''ercial )ine'at

%oftware a#ailable is ADAM% Auto'atic Dyna'ic Analysis of Mec$anical %yste's/.

A+toA+tommatateedd DrDraaf f titinngg

It in#ol#es t$e creation of $ard+copy engineering drawings directly fro' t$e CAD data base. Most

of t$e CAD syste's are capable of generating as 'any as six #iews of t$e par ts. Engineering

drawings can be 'ade into co'pany drafting standard by progra''ing t$e standards into t$e


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CAD syste'.

I'ple'entation of co'puter in t$e design stage beco'es t$e subset of design process. nce

t$e conceptual design 'ateriali?es in t$e designer 'ind t$e geo'etric 'odel starts by t$e

appropriate CAD software. !$e c$oice of geo'etric 'odel to CAD is analogous to t$e c$oice of a

'at$e'atical 'odel to engineering analysis. A #al id geo'etric 'odel is created by def inition

translator- w$ic$ con#erts t$e designer input into t$e proper database for'at. In order to apply

engineering analysis in geo'etric 'odel- interface algorit$'s are pro#ided by t$e syste' to extract

t$e re,uired data fro' t$e 'odel database to perfor' t$e analysis. In case of EA- t$ese algorit$'s

fro' t$e finite ele'ent 'odeling pac)age of t$e syste'. Design testing e#aluation 'ay re,uire

c$anging t$e geo'etric 'odel before finali?ing it.

4$en t$e final design is ac$ie#ed t$e drafting detailing of t$e 'odel starts- followed by

docu'entation production of final drawings

CMPNENT' CAD ''TEM

!$e co'ponents of a typical CAD syste' are illustrated in t$e following figure. !$e central

processing unit C*U/ is t$e brain of t$e entire syste'. It contains of integrated circuits of IC/ of

t$ree parts & ALU- controller and 'ain 'e'ory unit. !$e arit$'etic logic unit ALU/ consists of

electronic circuits- w$ic$ perfor' logic and 'at$e'atical operations. Controller circuits are used to

regulate #arious operations carried out in t$e co'puter. Main 'e'ory circuits store processed data-

suc$ as results of calculations and progra' instructions inside t$e co'puter. 8undreds of electronic

circuits are reduced and etc$ed on c$ip as s'all as a pin$ead. !$e C*U is- t$erefore- one of t$e

'iracles of 'odern electronic tec$nology.

Element, of CAD ,y,tem(


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4"7 %!A!IN

4"7 %!A!IN

4"7 %!A!IN

4"7 %!A!IN

utput De#ices

C.*.U.

%ECNDA"

%!"AE

IN*U! DEICE%

4"7 %!A!IN

"A*8IC DI%*LA

!E"MINAL


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In the CAD ,y,tem0 the f+nction, o the CP! i, a, follo*,(

i / !o recei#e infor'ation fro' t$e wor) station and display t$e output on a

C"! screen=

ii/ !o red t$e data stored in a secondary 'e'ory storage unit=

iii/ !o gi#e instructions to output de#ices suc$ as plotters to create per'anent

drawings= and

i#/ !o trans'it data to and fro' 'agnetic tapes.

In addition to 'ain 'e'ory circuits in C*U- secondary storage capacity is pro#ided to reduce t$e cost of

t$e 'ain co'puter .

The f+nction, of the ,econdary ,torage +nit are a, f ollo*,(

i/ !o store files related to t$e engineering drawings=

ii/ !o store CAD software= and

iii/ !o store progra's re,uired to gi#e instructions to output de#ices li)e plotters.

!$e secondary storage unit consists of 'agnetic tapes and dis)s. Magnetic tape is si'ilar to t$e tape used in

a tape recorder. It consists of Mylar tape coated wit$ 'agnetic 'aterial. !$e data are stored in t$e f or' pf

'agneti?ed spots. !$e data can be erased and reused. !$e data are stored se,uentially- i.e. to find a certain

piece of data on t$e tape= one 'ust wind t$e tape till t$e data are reac$ed. !$is is called t$e se,uential

access 'et$od. Magnetic tapes are c$eap but t$e access ti'e for data retrie#al is 'ore due to se,uential

access. !$ey are 'ainly used for arc$i#ing drawings.

!$ere are two types of 'agnetic dis)s & flexible and $ard. !$e appearance of flexible dis) is si'ilar to

t$at of a p$onograp$ic record. It is- $owe#er- t$in and flexible co'pared wit$ records- $ence na'e floppy

dis). !$e flexible dis) is 'ade of plastic li)e 'aterial & Mylar & wit$ a t$in coating of 'agnetic 'aterial

suc$ as ferric oxide. !$e data can be stored on t$e one side of t$e dis) single/ or on bot$ surfaces dual/.

!$e standard dia'eters of floppy dis)s are 060'' and

:33'' t$e dis) is always )ept in a s,uare #inyl >ac)et for protection against dust particles and scratc$ing.

!$ere is a s'all cut section in t$e >ac)et- called window. "eading and writing is acco'plis$ed t$roug$

t$is window by 'eans of a dri#e+$ead. !$e speed of rotation of t$e dis) is usually 633r.p.'. !$e

construction of t$e $ard dis) is si'ilar to t$at of a flexible dis). It is- $owe#er- 'ade fro' t$in

alu'inu' plate coated wit$ ferric oxide. !$e dis) is usually sealed in an airtig$t container and rotates at a

'uc$ faster speed of 6533rp'. !$is increases speed of storage and retrie#al of infor'ation. A $ard dis)

is 'ore durable t$an a floppy dis). Cost is t$e 'ain li'itation of t$is dis). !$ere are two 'et$ods to store

data on flexible as well as $ard dis)s & se,uential and rando' access 'et$ods. In t$e se,uential searc$

'et$od- data are stored in a se,uence and t$e dri#e $ead $as to searc$ for a piece of infor'ation-

starting fro' t$e beginning of t$e trac). !$is increases t$e searc$ depending upon t$e location of t$e

infor'ation. !$e rando' access 'et$od is also called t$e direct access 'et$od. In t$is 'et$od- data stored


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on t$e dis) are di#ided into two or 'ore sections. 4$en t$e section nu'ber is specified- t$e dri#e $ead

directly 'o#es to t$e rele#ant section and starts searc$ing t$e data. "ando' access 'et$od is a faster

'et$od of data retrie#al.

!$e co'puter syste's used for CAD are of t$ree types & 'ainfra'e- 'ini and 'icro. !$e 'ainfra'e

syste' consists of a large capacity co'puter )ept in a re'ote air+conditioned roo'. %trict en#iron'ental

controls are needed for t$is syste'. !$e wor)stations are located at so'e distance fro' t$is central

syste'. !$e 'ainfra'e syste' executes a nu'ber of functions- CAD being one of t$e'. !$is syste'

is 'ore powerful t$an 'ini or 'icro syste's- wit$ fast co'puting speeds. Due to large 'e'ory

capacity it can process t$e 'ost difficult progra's. Co'pared wit$ t$e 'ainfra'e syste'- t$e

'icroco'puter is s'all and inexpensi#e. It- $owe#er- operates at a slig$tly lower speed and is not

able to process so'e of t$e difficult progra's- w$ic$ can be run on t$e 'ainfra'e syste'.

Minico'puters are usually $oused in an air+conditioned roo'. !$e 'icroco'puter is t$e s'allest type of

CAD syste'. It does not re,uire strict en#iron'ental controls. A grap$ic display station and )eyboard

is nor'ally co'bined in to a 'icro unit. !$ese units are called des)top co'puters. A 'icroco'puter

syste' is called a dedicated syste'- because it operates for t$e sole purpose of one user at a ti'e. !$is

syste' is c$eap and easily a#ailable- but $as li'ited capacity and speed.

!$e wor)station is a #isible part of t$e CAD syste'- w$ic$ pro#ides interaction between t$e operator

and t$e syste'. !$ere are two ele'ents of a basic wor)station & a C"! display and an alp$anu'eric

)eyboard. t$er input de#ices- suc$ as cursor control de#ices- digiti?ers and grap$ic tablets- are

pro#ided on elaborate wor)stations. rap$ic display ter'inals and input de#ices are discussed in t$e

fort$co'ing sections. !$e output de#ices used wit$ t$e CAD syste's are pen plotters- $ardcopy units

and electrostatic plotters.

#EMETRIC MDE"IN#

A geo'etric 'odeling is defined as t$e co'plete representation of an ob>ect t$at includes in bot$ grap$ical

and non+grap$ical infor'ation.

In co'puter+aided design- geo'etric 'odeling is concerned wit$ t$e co'puter co'patible 'at$e'atical

description of t$e geo'etry of an ob>ect. !$e 'at$e'atical description of t$e geo'etry of an ob>ect to

be displayed and 'anipulated on a grap$ics ter'inal t$roug$ s i gn a l fro ' C*U of t$e CAD syste'.

!$e software t$at pro#ides geo'etric 'odeling capabilities 'ust be designed for efficient use of

bot$ by t$e co'puter and t$e $u'an designer.

!o use geo'etric 'odeling- t$e designer construct t$e grap$ical i'age of t$e ob>ect on t$e C"!

screen of t$e I% syste' by inputting t$ree types of co''ands to t$e co'puter. !$e f irst type of

co''and generates basic geo'etric ele'ents suc$ as points- lines- and circles. !$e second co''and


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types is used to acco'plis$ scaling- rotation or ot$er transfor'ations of t$ese ele'ents. !$e t$ird type

of co''and causes t$e #arious ele'ents to be >oined into desired s$ape of t$e ob>ect being created on

t$e IC syste'.

During t$is geo'etric 'odeling process t$e co'puter con#erts t$e co''ands into 'at$e'atical

'odel- stores it in t$e co'puter data files and displays it as an i'age on t$e screen. !$e 'odel can be

subse,uently being called fro' t$e data files for re#iew- analysis or alteration. !$e 'ost ad#anced

'et$od of geo'etric 'odeling is solid 'odeling in t$ree di'ensions. !$is 'et$od uses solid geo'etry

s$apes called pri'iti#es to construct t$e ob>ect.

Basically t$ere are t$ree types of 'odeling- t$ey are

a1 2ire rame Modeling

b1 '+rface Modeling

c. 'olid Modeling

22IIR R EE R R AMEAME MDMDEE"3"3IINTNTR R D!D!CCTTIINN((

!$is is t$e basic for' of 'odeling= $ere t$e ob>ects drawn will be si'ple but 'ore #erbose- geo'etric 'odel

t$at can be used to represent it 'at$e'atically in t$e co'puter. It is so'eti'es referred as a stic) figure or

an edge representation of t$e ob>ect. !ypical CADFCAM syste' pro#ides users wit$ possibly t$ree 'odes to

input coordinates@ Cartesian- Cylindrical or %p$erical. Eac$ 'ode $as explicit or i'plicit inputs. Explicit

input could be absolute or incre'ental coordinates. I'plicit input in#ol#es user digiti?es..A wire fra'e

'odel consists of points- lines- arcs- circles cur#es. Early wire fra'e 'odeling tec$ni,ues de#eloped in

0153;s were :+di'ensional. !$ey are not centrali?ed associati#e. Later in 01G3;s t$e centrali?ed-

associati#e database concepts enabled 'odeling of 6D ob>ects as wire fra'e 'odels t$at can

be sub>ect to 6+di'ensional transfor'ations.


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2IRE RAME ENTITIE'

4ire fra'e Entities are di#ided into : types are@

a. %ynt$etic Entities++++++++++H %plines Cur#es

b. Analytic Entities++++++++++H *oints- lines- Circles- arcs- conics- fillet- c$a'fer

Application,(0. !wo+di'ensional drafting.

41 Nu'erical control tool pat$ generation.

Ad-antage,(

0. It is si'ple to construct 'odel.

:. Less co'puter 'e'ory to store t$e ob>ect.

6. C*U ti'e to retrie#e- edit or update a wirefra'e 'odel is less.

. Doesnot re,uire extensi#e training.Di,ad-antage,(

0. It is a'biguous representation of real ob>ect.

:. It lac) in #isual co$erence and infor'ation to deter'ine t$e ob>ect.

6. User or ter'inal ti'e needed to prepare or input data increases wit$ co'plexity of ob>ect.

. Inability to detect interference between co'ponents.

2. No facility for auto'atic s$ading.

5. Difficult in calculating *$ysical properties li)e Mass- surface area- centre of gra#ity e tc.-

%u%ur r f f aaccee MModeodelliing(ng(

A surface 'odel of an ob>ect is 'ore co'plete and less a'biguous representation t$an it wire fra'e 'odel.

It is also ric$er in associated geo'etric contents- w$ic$ 'a)e it 'ore suitable for engineering and design

applications. %urface 'odel ta)es one step beyond wire fra'e 'odels by pro#iding infor'ation on

surfaces connecting t$e ob>ect edges. Creating a surface $a#e so'e ,uantitati#e data suc$ as point

tangents so'e ,ualitati#e data li)e desired s$ape s'oot$ness.

C$oice of surface for' depends on type of application.


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'+rface Entitie,(

%i'ilar to wire fra'e entities- existing CAD F CAM syste's pro#ide designers wit$ bot$ analytic and

synt$etic surface entities. Analytic entities include plane surface- ruled sur f ace- surface of re#olution- and

tabulated cylinder. %ynt$etic entities include t$e Bicubic 8er'it spline surface- B & spline surface-rectangular and triangular Be?ier patc$es- rectangular and triangular Coons patc$es- and ordon

surface. !$e 'at$e'atical properties of so'e of t$ese entities are co#ered in t$is c$apter for two

purposes. irst- it enables users to correctly c$oose t$e proper surface entity for t$e proper application.

or exa'ple- a ruled surface is a linear surface and does not per'it any twist w$ile a B & spline surface

is a general surface. %econd users will be in a position to better understand CADFCAM docu'entation

and t$e related 'odifiers to eac$ surface entity co''and a#ailable on a syste'. !$e following are

descriptions of 'a>or surface entities pro#ided by CADFCAM syste's

Application(

Ad-antage,(1

0. Calculating 'ass properties.

:. C$ec)ing for interference between 'ating par ts.

6. enerating cross+sectioned #iews.

. enerating finite ele'ent 'es$.


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0. !$ey are less a'biguous t$an wirefra'e 'odel.

:. %urface 'odel pro#ides $idden line and surface algorit$'s to add realis' to t$e displayed

geo'etry.

6. %urface 'odel can be utili?ed in #olu'e and 'ass property calculations- finite ele'ent

'odeling- NC pat$ generation- and cross section interference detections.

. C$ange in finite ele'ent 'es$ si?e produce 'ore accurate results in EA

Di,ad-antage,(

0. %urface 'odels are generally 'ore co'plex and t$us re,uire 'ore ter'inal and C*U

ti'e and co'puter storage to create t$an wirefra'e 'odels.

:. %urface 'odels are so'eti'es aw)ward to create and 'ay re,uire unnecessary

'anipulations of wirefra'e entities.

6. It re,uires 'ore training to create.

. It does not pro#ide any topological inf or'ation.

'o'ollidid MMooddeelilinngg((

A solid 'odel of an ob>ect is 'ore co'plete representation t$an its surface 'odel. It is uni,ue

fro' t$e surface 'odel in topological infor'ation it stores w$ic$ potentially per'its f unctional

auto'ation and integration. Defining an ob>ect wit$ t$e solid 'odel is t$e easiest of t$e a#ailable t$ree

'odeling tec$ni,ues. %olid 'odel can be ,uic)ly created wit$out $a#ing to define indi#idual locations as

wit$ wire fra'es. !$e co'pleteness and una'biguity of solid 'odels are attributed to t$e

infor'ation t$at is related database of t$ese 'odels stores

(Topology33 It determine the relational information bet*een ob5ect,1)

!o 'odel an ob>ect co'pletely we need bot$ geo'etry topological infor'ation. eo'etry is #isible -

w$ereas topological infor'ation are stored in solid 'odel database are not #isible to user. !wo or 'ore

pri'iti#es can be co'bined to for' t$e desire solid. *ri'iti#es are co'bined by Boolean perations.

Different $oolean operation, are(


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1. Union (U) 2. Intersection (n) 3. Difference (-)

'"ID ENTITIE'

!$ere are a wide #ariety of pri'iti#es a#ailable co''ercially to users. 8owe#er- t$e four 'ost co''only

used are t$e )loc*+ clinder+ cone+ and !(,ere. !$ese are based on t$e four natural ,uadrics@ planes

cylinders- cones- and sp$eres.

INTRD!CTIN T '"ID 2R6'INTRD!CTIN T '"ID 2R6'

%olid 4or)s is a powerful 6D 'odeling progra'. !$e 'odels it produces can be used in a nu'ber of ways to

si'ulate t$e be$a#ior of a real part or asse'bly as well as c$ec)ing t$e basic geo'etry. !$is tutorial guides

you t$roug$ construction of t$e 'odel stea' engine s$own $ere. irst you;ll learn t$e basics of creating solid

features needed to build t$e 'a>or functional parts and asse'ble t$e'. In later sessions you;ll generate

engineering drawings and experi'ent wit$ ani'ation and


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DRA2IN# '6ETC;E' R '"ID MDE"'(

Solid works 2006 Windows

'TARTIN# A NE2 DC!MENT IN 'olid 2or7, 4889(

!o start a new docu'ent in %olid 4or)s :335- c$oose t$e

Ne* Doc+ment option fro' t$e #etting 'tarted group of t$e 'olid 2or7, Re,o+rce, Ta,7

Pane=

!$e Ne* 'olid 2or7, Doc+ment dialog box will be displayed- as s$ow in igure 6.

ou can also in#o)e t$is dialog box by c$oosing t$e Ne* button fro' t$e 'tandard toolbar. !$eoptions pro#ided in t$is dialog box are discussed next.


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Solid works Startu Dialo! "o#


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!$e Part button is c$osen by default in t$e Ne* 'olid 2or7, Doc+ment dialog box. C$oose t$e 6

button to start a new part docu'ent to create solid 'odels or s$eet 'etal co'ponents. 4$en you start a

new part docu'ent- you will enter t$e Part 'ode

A,,embly

C$oose t$e A,,embly button and t$en t$e 6 button fro' t$e Ne* 'olid 2or7, Doc+ment dialog box

to start a new asse'bly docu'ent. In an asse'bly docu'ent- you can asse'ble t$e co'ponents created

in t$e part docu'ents. ou can also create co'ponents in t$e asse'bly docu'ent.

Dra*ing

C$oose t$e Dra*ing button and t$en t$e 6 button fro' t$e Ne* 'olid 2or7, Doc+ment dialog box to

start a new drawing docu'ent. In a drawing docu'ent- you can generate or create t$e drawing #iews of

t$e parts created in t$e part docu'ents or t$e asse'blies created in t$e asse'bly docu'ents.

T;E '6ETC;IN# EN&IRNMENT(

4$ene#er you start a new part docu'ent- by default you are in t$e part 'odeling en#iron'ent. But- you

need to start t$e design by first creating t$e s)etc$ of t$e base feature in t$e s)etc$ing en#iron'ent. oucan in#o)e t$e s)etc$ing en#iron'ent using t$e '7etch tool a#ailable in t$e 'tandard toolbar. ou can

also c$oose t$e '7etch button fro' t$e Command Manager igure / to in#o)e t$e

'7etch Command Manager.

Sketc$in! %n&ironment in Solid works


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4$en you c$oose t$e '7etch button fro' t$e 'tandard toolbar or c$oose any tool fro' t$e '7etch

Command Manager= t$e Edit '7etch Property Manager is displayed and you are pro'pted to select t$e

plane on w$ic$ t$e s)etc$ will be created. Also- t$e t$ree default planes a#ailable in %olid 4or)s :335

ront Plane- Right Plane- and Top

Plane/ are te'porarily displayed on t$e screen- as s$own in igure.

ig+re Plane, di,played in 'olid 2or7, Comp+ter

Comp+ter Aided Man+fact+ring (CAM)


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Co'puter+Aided Design CAD/ t$e use of co'puter $ardware and grap$ics software to generate new

product concept in :DF6D drawing for'at. ItJs a >ust a design tool w$ic$ is assisting to designer

to de#elop new *roduct concept by using design software CAD tool/ li)e as AutoCAD- *ro+E-%olid Edge and Catia etc. CAD e,uip'ent enables t$e designer to ,uic)ly produce #ery

accurate and realistic i'age of products to be 'anufactured.

Co'puter Aided Manufacturing CAM/ is t$e use of co'puter software to control 'ac$ine tools

and related 'ac$inery in t$e 'anufacturing of product. CAD and CAM wor) toget$er in t$att$e digital 'odel generated in CAD is inputted to t$e CAM software pac)age. !$e CAM

software con#ert all product di'ensions and s$ape as per CAD 'odel in *rogra'Fcoding and as

per t$is progra' 'ac$ine 'anufactured t$e product.

$enefit, of CAM

!$e benefits of CAM include a properly defined 'anufacturing plan t$at deli#ers expected results in

production.

0. CAM syste's can 'axi'i?e utili?ation of a full range of production e,uip'ent- including $ig$ speed-

2+axis- 'ulti+function and turning 'ac$ines- electrical disc$arge 'ac$ining EDM/ and CMMinspection e,uip'ent.

:. CAM syste's can aid in creating- #erifying- and opti'i?ing NC progra's for opti'u' 'ac$ining

producti#ity- as well as auto'ate t$e creation of s$op docu'entation.

6. Ad#anced CAM syste's wit$ product lifecycle 'anage'ent *LM/ integration can pro#ide

'anufacturing planning and production personnel wit$ data and process 'anage'ent to ensure use of

correct data and standard resources.

. CAM and *LM syste's can be integrated wit$ DNC syste's for deli#ery and 'anage'ent of files toCNC 'ac$ines on t$e s$op floor.

CAM 'oft*are

8ere are exa'ples of CAM software applications@

0. N< CAM and CAM E=pre,, allow NC progra''ers to 'axi'i?e t$e #alue of t$eir in#est'ents

in t$e latest- 'ost efficient and 'ost capable 'ac$ine tools. N9 CAM pro#ides t$e full range of

functions to address $ig$ speed surface 'ac$ining- 'ulti+function 'ill+turning- and 2+axis 'ac$ining.CAM Express pro#ides powerful NC progra''ing wit$ low total cost of owners$ip.

N< Tooling and i=t+re De,ign offers a set of auto'ated applications for 'old and die design-

fixture design and ot$er tooling processes built on a foundation of industry )nowledge and best

practices.

Tecnomati= Part Planning and &alidation allows 'anufacturing engineers- NC progra''ers- tooldesigners- and 'anagers to wor) toget$er to define and #alidate t$e part 'anufacturing process

digitally. !$ey can s$are tooling and resource libraries- and connect t$e plan data directly to s$op

floor syste's suc$ as DNC and tool 'anage'ent. !$e following software co'ponents are used byCAM software de#elopers as t$e foundation for t$eir applications@

http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/nx/machining/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/velocity/camexpress/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/velocity/camexpress/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/nx/machining/tool_fixture/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/tecnomatix/plan_validate/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/nx/machining/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/velocity/camexpress/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/nx/machining/tool_fixture/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/tecnomatix/plan_validate/index.shtml


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Para,olid is 6D geo'etric 'odeling co'ponent software- enabling users of *arasolid+based products

to 'odel co'plex parts and asse'blies. It is used as t$e geo'etry engine in $undreds of different

CAD- CAM and CAE applications.

D3C+bed Component, are six software libraries t$at can be licensed by software de#elopers for

integration into t$eir products. !$e capabilities t$ey pro#ide include para'etric s)etc$ing- part and

asse'bly design- 'otion si'ulation- collision detection- clearance 'easure'ent and $idden line

#isuali?ation.

8ow do CADFCAM syste's wor)K

De#eloping NC code re,uires an understanding of@

Part geometr

Tooling

Proce!! (lan!

Tolerance!

Fi-t%ring

• Mo!t CADCAM !!tem! (ro#ide acce!! to/

Part geometr

Tooling

http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/open/parasolid/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/open/d-cubed/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/open/parasolid/index.shtmlhttp://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/open/d-cubed/index.shtml


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CAD Modelà CAM %oftwareàCon#ert in Logic *rogra'à *rogra' Logic guide t$eCNC co'puter nu'erical control/ tool for 'anufacturing t$e product

CAD Model


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Manufactured *art

eatures of CAM *rogra''ers

• 8ig$ %peed Mac$ining- including strea'lining of tool pat$s• Multi+function Mac$ining• 2 Axis Mac$ining• Auto'ation of Mac$ining processes• Ease of Use

CAD/CAM 2R6"2 ARC;ITECT!RE

'cope of Impro-ement,3

• Rob+,t de,ign and integration of Prod+ct in -ehicle1

• Ea,ily ,im+lation (DA/D') of Prod+ct *ith the -ehicle1

• 'peedily Digital Proto3Typing


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E

E=erci,e on E=tr+,ion

AIM(

!o 'odel t$e gi#en ob>ect using t$e Extrusion feature as per t$e di'ensions gi#en.

De,cription of E=tr+,ion eat+re(

0a!e Feat%re/

!$e fir,t feat+re that i, created1

!$e fo+ndation of the part1

!$e ba,e feat+re geometry for the bo= i, an e=tr+,ion1

!$e e=tr+,ion i, named E-tr%de11

To Create an E-tr%ded 0a!e Feat %re/

>1 'elect a ,7etch plane1

'i!ure( Solid works )lane disla*


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>1 '7etch a 4D profile of the model

41 E=tr+de the ,7etch perpendic+lar to ,7etch plane1

E-tr%ded 0o!! Feat%re/

It Adds 'aterial to t$e part and re,uires a s)etc$.

E-tr%ded C%t Feat %re/

It "e'o#es 'aterial fro' t$e part and also it re,uires a s)etc$.


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Fillet Feat%re/

It "ounds t$e edges or faces of a part to a specified radius.

0. %elect a s)etc$ plane.ront- top or %ide/

:. %)etc$ a :D profile of t$e 'odel.

6. Di'ension t$e 'odel using %'art Di'ension icon.

. C$ec) t$e s)etc$ is fully def ined.

2. Extrude t$e s)etc$ perpendicular to s)etc$ plane.

5. Use extruded cut feature to cut t$e solid as gi#en in t$e drawing.

Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en 'odel is extruded.


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E


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t$at t$e #iew is auto'atically c$anged to a 6D #iew- and t$e Re-ol-e Property Manager is

displayed-

'i!ure( ,e&ol&e )roert* ana!er

'i!ure( 'eature reated after re&ol&in! to 3600

Proced+re(





2. "e#ol#e t$e s)etc$.

Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en 'odel is drawn using re#ol#e feature.


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E


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Proced+re(





2. Extrude t$e s)etc$.

5. Using "ib eature co'plete t$e 'odel.

Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en 'odel is drawn and co'pleted using rib feature.


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Eect and re'o#e t$e 'aterial using s$ell option.

De,cription of ';E"" eat+re(

"e'o#es 'aterial fro' t$e selected face.

Creates a $ollow bloc) fro' a solid bloc).

ery useful for t$in+walled- plastic parts.

ou are re,uired to specify a wall t$ic)ness w$en using t$e s$ell feature.

ig@ 00 %$ell feature

Proced+re(

0. %elect a s)etc$ plane. ront- top or %ide/




2. Extrude t$e s)etc$.

5. %elect t$e face in w$ic$ you are going to draw t$e cut profile.

G. Ma)e t$at plane to nor'al to you.

. %)etc$ t$e cut profile di'ension it.

1. Use Extruded cut feature re'o#e t$e portion.

03. %elect t$e %$ell feature.

00. %elect t$e face in w$ic$ 'aterial to be re'o#ed using s$ell.0:. %pecify t$e s$ell t$ic)ness.

Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en 'odel is drawn and co'pleted using s$ell feature.


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A''EM$" IN '"ID 2R6'(

An asse'bly design consists of two or 'ore co'ponents asse'bled toget$er at t$eir respecti#e wor)

positions using t$e para'etric relations. In %olid4or)s- t$ese relations are called 'ates. !$ese 'ates allow

you to constrain t$e degrees of freedo' of t$e co'ponents at t$eir respecti#e wor) positions.

!o proceed to t$e A,,embly 'ode of %olid4or)s- in#o)e t$e Ne* 'olid2or7,

Doc+ment dialog box and c$oose t$e A,,embly button as s$own in igure below. C$oose t$e 6 button

to create a new asse'bly docu'ent= a new %olid4or)s docu'ent will be started in t$e A,,embly 'ode


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P"ACIN# CMPNENT' IN T;E A''EM$" DC!MENT(

Command Manager@ Asse'blies Insert Co'ponents

Men+ Insert Co'ponent Existing *artFAsse'bly

Toolbar( Asse'bly Insert Co'ponents

4$en you start a new %olid4or)s docu'ent in t$e A,,embly 'ode- t$e In,ert Component

Property Manager will be displayed as below w$ic$ enable us to insert t$e co'ponent into asse'bly

file.

'i!ure( Insert comonent ana!er


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*lace t$e co'ponent one by one in t$e proper fas$ion in t$e new asse'bly file.

A''EM$"IN# CMPNENT'(

After placing t$e co'ponents in t$e asse'bly docu'ent- you need to asse'ble t$e'. By asse'bling

t$e co'ponents- you will constrain t$eir degrees of freedo'. As 'entioned earlier- t$e co'ponents are

asse'bled using 'ates. Mates $elp you precisely place and position t$e co'ponent wit$ respect to t$e

ot$er co'ponents and t$e surroundings in t$e asse'bly. ou can also define t$e linear and rotatory

'o#e'ent of t$e co'ponent wit$ respect to t$e ot$er co'ponents. In addition- you can create a

dyna'ic 'ec$anis' and c$ec) t$e stability of t$e 'ec$anis' by precisely defining t$e co'bination of

'ates. !$ere are two 'et$ods of adding 'ates to t$e asse'bly. !$e first 'et$od is using t$e Mate

Property Manager and t$e second and t$e 'ost widely used 'et$od of adding 'ates to t$e asse'bly is

using t$e 'martMate,


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Eected flange plates at on of t$eir ends.

!$e flange plates are drilled wit$ a nu'ber of e,uidistant bolt $oles on t$eir flat faces wit$ t$eir centers

lying on an i'aginary circle called Opitc$ CircleP. Eac$ of t$e flange bosses is securely )eyed to t$e

end of eac$ s$aft using a tapered )ey dri#en fro' inside. 4$ile asse'bling generally two flanges are set

suc$ t$at t$e )eys fitted in t$e' are out of align'ent

by 133

to eac$ ot$er- t$en t$e flanges are bolted toget$er by a nu'ber of bolts and nuts. *ower

is trans'itted fro' one s$aft to ot$er t$roug$ t$e bolts. !$ese bolts are in close running fit in t$e $oles

w$ic$ are drilled and placed in t$e flanges in order t$at t$e load is ta)en s'oot$ly wit$ out any i'pact

w$ic$ would ta)e place if t$e bolts are fitted loose in t$e $oles.. Correct align'ent of t$e two

s$afts is assured irrespecti#e of t$e bolts- by allowing t$e end of t$e s$aft to anot$er a s'all distances in

bosses bore of t$e ot$er f lange.

Proced+re(

0. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude- "e#ol#e etc.- features.

:. %elect t$e asse'bly in solid wor)s 'ain 'enu.

6. Using Insert co'ponent icon of property 'anager- insert base co'ponent next

co'ponents to be asse'ble.

. Asse'ble using MA!E eature.

2. Continue t$e inserting t$e co'ponent 'ating until t$e entire co'ponent are

asse'bled.

5. %a#e t$e asse'bly.

G. ro' t$e 'ain 'enu of solid wor)s select t$e drawing option.

. %elect t$e drawing s$eet for'at si?e as & A Landscape.


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1. Using t$e 'odel #iew 'anager browse t$e docu'ent to be open@

03. Clic) t$e #iew orientation fro' t$e 'odel #iew 'anager place t$e drawing #iew in t$e proper

place in t$e s$eet as s$own abo#e.

00. Using t$e placed #iew as parent #iew pro>ect t$e ot$er or needed #iews

0:. Mo#e cursor to any one #iew and rig$t clic) t$e 'ouse button.

06. %elect t$e !able & BM.

0. *lace t$e BM in t$e proper place in t$e drawing s$eet.

02. %a#e t$e drawing s$eet.

Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en flange coupling is 'odeled- asse'bled different #iews are ta)en.


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Eect o#er a s'all $eig$t wit$ a distinct

Mec$anical Ad#antages. It also ser#es as a supporting aid in t$e raised position. A screw (ac) is

actuated by a s,uare t$readed screw wor)ed by applying a 'oderate effort at t$e end of a !o''y bar

inserted into t$e $ole of t$e $ead of t$e screw.

!$e body of t$e screw >ac) $as an enlarged circular base w$ic$ pro#ides a large bearing area. A

gun 'etal nut is tig$t fitted into t$e body at t$e top. A screw spindle is screwed t$roug$ t$e nut. A load

bearing cup is 'ounted at t$e top of t$e screw spindle and secured to it by a was$er and a C%7 screw.

4$en t$e screw spindle is rotated- t$e load bearing cup 'o#es only up or down along wit$ t$e screw

spindle but will not rotate wit$ it. !$e !o''y bar is inserted into t$e $ole in t$e $ead of t$e screw

spindle only during wor)ing and will be detac$ed w$en not in use.

Proced+re(

0. Model different parts of a %crew (ac) using Extrude- "e#ol#e etc.- and features.


6. Using Insert co'ponent icon of property 'anager- insert base co'ponent nextco'ponents to be asse'ble.


2. Continue t$e inserting t$e co'ponent 'ating until t$e entire co'ponent are

asse'bled.



. Drawing icon in 'ain 'enu of %olid wor)s

1. %elect t$e drawing s$eet for'at si?e as & A Landscape.03. Using t$e 'odel #iew 'anager browse t$e docu'ent to be open.

00. Clic) t$e #iew orientation fro' t$e 'odel #iew 'anager place t$e drawing #iew in t$e proper place in t$e s$eet.

0:.Using t$e placed #iew as parent #iew pro>ect t$e ot$er or needed #iews

06. Mo#e cursor to any one #iew and rig$t clic) t$e 'ouse button.

0. %elect t$e !able & BM.02. *lace t$e BM in t$e proper place in t$e drawing s$eet.


Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en %crew (ac) is 'odeled= asse'bled different #iews are ta)en


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Eected to axial forces $a#e to be

connected te'porarily- a strap >oint is used. In t$is type of cotter >oint- t$e end of one of t$e

rods is for'ed into a for) into w$ic$ t$e end of t$e ot$er rod fits. !$e for)ed end of t$e rod is

called %!"A*. %ince t$e strap is open on one side- if only a cotter is used to connect t$e two

rods as explained earlier and w$en t $e rods are sub>ected to axial forces- t$e end of t$e strap

opens out. !o pre#ent t$e opening out of t$e ends of t$e strap- a gib is used in con>unction

wit$ t$e cotter. !$e gib is a wedge s$aped piece of steel of rectangular in cross section wit$

one side tapered and t$e ot$er straig$t and $as two pro>ections- called gib+$eads. !$ese gib

$eads act li)e $oo)s pre#ent and pre#ent t$e opening out of t$e ends of t$e straps. !$e use of

gib along wit$ t$e cotter facilitates t$e cutting of t$e slots wit$ straig$t faces.

Proced+re(

0. Model different parts of a gib cotter >oint using Extrude- "e#ol#e etc.- and features.


6. Using Insert co'ponent icon of property 'anager- insert base co'ponent

next co'ponents to be asse'ble.


2. Continue t$e inserting t$e co'ponent 'ating until t$e entire co'ponentare asse'bled.



. Drawing icon in 'ain 'enu of %olid wor)s

1. %elect t$e drawing s$eet for'at si?e as & A Landscape.

03. Using t$e 'odel #iew 'anager browse t$e docu'ent to be open.

00. Clic) t$e #iew orientation fro' t$e 'odel #iew 'anager place t$e drawing #iew

in t$e proper place in t$e s$eet.

0:. Using t$e placed #iew as parent #iew pro>ect t$e ot$er or needed #iews

06. Mo#e cursor to any one #iew and rig$t clic) t$e 'ouse button.

0. %elect t$e !able & BM.

02. *lace t$e BM in t$e proper place in t$e drawing s$eet.


Re,+lt(

!$us t$e gi#en strap >oint of ib cotter is 'odeled asse'bled different #iews are ta)en

804 Cad Cam Cim (Me-804) Exp. Manual

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Transcript of 804 Cad Cam Cim (Me-804) Exp. Manual