8 th Grade Health Chapter 14 Drugs. Drugs Drug – A substance other than food that changes the...
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Transcript of 8 th Grade Health Chapter 14 Drugs. Drugs Drug – A substance other than food that changes the...
Drugs• Drug – A substance other than food that changes the
structure or function of the body or mind– All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.
• Drug misuse – Taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended– Drug misuse can happen with prescription medicines
and over-the-counter medicines.• Tolerance – A condition in which a person’s body becomes used to
the effect of a medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for it to be effective
Types of Medicines
• Prescription medicines • Medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a
physician
Categories of Medicines
Prescription medicines Over-the-counter medicines
• Over-the-counter medicines • Medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a
written order from a physician
Drug Misuse
Using a drug without following the instructions on the label
Using a drug not prescribed for you
Allowing someone else to use a drug prescribed for you
Taking more of the drug than the doctor prescribed
Using the drug longer than advised by the doctor
What is drug misuse?
Side Effects
• Side effect – Any effect of a medicine other than the one intended–Even when taken correctly, some medicines will cause a side effect.
Common Side Effects
Stomachupset Drowsiness Sleeplessness Headache
Drug Abuse
Using illegal drugs
Using legal drugs for non-medical reasons
Using a medication for something other than its intended use
What is drug abuse?
•Drug abuse • Intentionally using drugs in a way that is unhealthy or
illegal
Drug Abuse
Drug abuse affects all three sides of your health triangle.
Physical Health
sleepiness, irritability, heart failure, stroke
Mental/Emotional Health Social Health
interference with brain functions,depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating
withdrawing from family and friends,loss of interest in school and other activities
Addiction
Regulardrug use Tolerance
Addiction
Physical or psychological need
for a drug
•. Drug addiction, like alcoholism, is a disease.
• Treatment options exist that can help users overcome their addiction
Assignment 1
1. Compare the differences between drug misuse and drug abuse?
2. Hypothesize what you might you say to persuade a friend not to take medicine that has not been prescribed to him or her?
What Is Marijuana?
• Marijuana – Dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, called cannabis sativa–Marijuana is commonly called pot or weed.
•THC
–The main active chemical in marijuana–THC alters the way the brain processes sensory information.
•It is impossible to note that other harmful substances may be mixed in with marijuana.
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Short-term Effects
Reduced reaction time
Reduced coordination
Impaired judgment
Increased heart rate
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Panic attacks
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Long-term Effects
Lung diseases, including cancer
Changes to the region of the brain that processes information
Depression
Anxiety
Personality disturbances
Loss of motivation, causing the user to fall behind in school
Problems with friends and family members
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Safety Risks
Risk of getting arrested
Users may say or do things that could get them into trouble
Impaired reaction time and coordination make driving dangerous
Impaired judgment can lead to risky behaviors• Drinking alcohol• Engaging in sexual activity, leading to a risk of sexually transmitted
diseases and unplanned pregnancy
What Are Marijuana’s Effects?
Frequent users can develop a tolerance
Developing a tolerance often
leads to physical dependency
Each year more than 12,000 people seek treatment for
addiction to marijuana
What Are Club Drugs?
• What Are Club Drugs?– Club drugs take their names from dance clubs or raves where they are often used.– Some people falsely believe that club drugs are safe to use.
• The harmful effects of club drugs include:– Hallucinations– Paranoia– Amnesia
• Partial or total loss of memory
• When club drugs are mixed with alcohol, the effects of both substances are increased.
Effects of Taking Ecstasy
Ecstasy
Increased heart rate
Nausea
Anxiety
Elevated blood pressure
Dizziness
Chills
Sweating
Increased sense of confidence
Feelings of well-being
Loss of appetite
• Ecstasy• The scientific name for ecstasy is MDMA.• Ecstasy speeds up the central nervous system, making a person
feel very alert, or “hyper.”
Date Rape Drugs
• GBH – Is a depressant of the central nervous system.– Until 1992, GBH was available as an over-the-counter drug used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and decrease fat.
•Ketamine, sometimes called Special K– Is an anesthetic used in medical procedures for humans and animals.–A small amount of Ketamine produces hallucinations, memory loss, and severe breathing problems–even respiratory failure.
Date Rape Drugs
Rohypnol, commonly called roofie, is a club drug that works by suppressing the central nervous system.
Characteristics of Rohypnol
Odorless
Colorless
Has no taste
Easily slipped into a person’s drink
The unwilling user is unaware of what is happening
Produces amnesia
Anabolic Steroids
• Anabolic steroids – Synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones – Physicians sometimes prescribe anabolic steroids to treat growth problems, lung diseases, and skin conditions.– Steroids are most often abused by people who want to enhance their athletic abilities.
Anabolic Steroids
Major Side Effects
Liver tumors
Cancer
Jaundice
High blood pressure
Kidney tumors
Severe acne
Trembling
Anabolic Steroids
Side Effects in Males Side Effects in Females
Shrinking of the testicles Growth of facial hair
Breast development Menstrual changes
Deepened voice
In NIDA’s 2004 Monitoring the Future study, 3.4% of high school seniors reported using steroids at least once.
Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.
Teens and Steroid Use
• Steroid use can have a negative effect on your appearance.
• Steroid use can cause a person to become angry or violent.
• Steroid use can cause a hormonal imbalance, which can interfere with the normal development of teens.
Assignment 2
1. Recall: What are 3 negative consequences of using anabolic steroids?
2. Explain two long-term effects of marijuana use?
3. Analyze your thoughts on steroid abuse and how they can/do affect competitive sports?
More Drug Types• Narcotics
– Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
• Opium – A liquid from the poppy plant containing substances that numb
the body• Stimulants
– Drugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord• Stimulants cause the heart to beat faster and cause blood pressure and
metabolism to rise.
• Amphetamine – A drug that stimulates the central nervous system
• Amphetamines are highly addictive.• Using large amounts of amphetamines can result in aggressive behavior,
extreme weight loss, and loss of physical strength.
More Drug Types Cont.
• CNS depressants – Substances that slow down normal brain function
• CNS depressants are sometimes called sedatives or tranquilizers.
• Hallucinogens – Drugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses
• Some hallucinogens are made from natural substances, some are manufactured.
• Inhalant – Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to
produce mind-altering sensations• Inhalants are not meant to be put into the human body.
Heroin
Characteristics of Heroin
Made of morphine, a narcotic
Most often inhaled or injected intravenously
Users develop a psychological and physical dependence
Tolerance leads to a need for ever-increasing doses
Quitting is very difficult
Quitting results in painful withdrawal symptoms
OxyContin
Characteristics of OxyContin
Available through a doctor’s prescription
Controls severe pain in patients with cancer, back pain, or arthritis
Abuse leads to tolerance, which leads to physical addiction
Withdrawal symptoms are similar to other narcotics
Narcotics and Addiction
Withdrawal symptoms can be unbearable.• Withdrawal symptoms • Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or
stopped
Withdrawal Symptoms
Pain in muscles Pain in bones Sleeplessness
Diarrhea Agitation Vomiting
Cocaine
Characteristics of Cocaine
Illegal stimulant derived from the coca plant
Sold as a fine white powder
Often mixed with water and injected into the body intravenously
Can also be smoked or snorted up the nose
One of the most addictive drugs on the street today
Crack
Crack is created when cocaine is heated and processed with baking soda and water.
Crack is extremely addictive and dangerous.
Methamphetamine
Characteristics of Methamphetamine
Highly addictive stimulant drug, affects the central nervous system
Becoming an epidemic in the United States
Produced in illegal laboratories
Effects are similar to cocaine
Also known as “meth”
Methamphetamine
Effects of Methamphetamine
Initial feelings of confidence and energy
Tendency on the part of users to binge
Users may go days without food or sleep
Users find it impossible to feel any pleasure without the drug
Unpredictable behavior
Effects of Stimulants
Substance Harmful Effects
AmphetamineUneven heartbeat, rise in blood pressure, physical collapse, stroke, heart attack, and death
MethamphetamineMemory loss, damage to heart and nervous system, seizures, and death
CocaineDamage to nose lining and liver; heart attack, seizures, stroke, and death
CrackDamage to lungs if smoked, seizures, heart attack, and death
What Are Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants?
Two Commonly Prescribed CNS Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Prescribed for the treatment of anxiety or tension, or for people with sleep disorders.
Prescribed for patients with more serious anxiety and panic attacks.
Effects of Depressants
Substance Harmful Effects
TranquilizerAnxiety; reduced coordination and attention span. Withdrawal can cause tremors and lead to coma or death.
BarbiturateCauses mood changes and excessive sleep. Can lead to coma.
HypnoticImpaired coordination and judgment. High doses may cause internal bleeding, coma, or death.
How Do Hallucinogens Affect the User?
Hallucinogens affect how a user perceives the passage of time, sees colors, senses motion, or hears sound.
Hallucinogens interfere with a person’s thought process and ability to communicate.
Effects of Hallucinogens
Substance Harmful Effects
PCP
Loss of coordination; increase heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature; convulsions; heart and lung failure; broken blood vessels; bizarre or violent behavior; temporary psychosis; false feeling of having super powers.
LSD
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature; chills, nausea, tremors, and sleeplessness; unpredictable behavior; flash-backs; false feeling of having super powers.
Inhalants
Paint Vegetable cooking sprays
Air fresheners Lighter fluid
Markers and pens Correction fluid
Hair sprays
Inhalants
What Damage Do Inhalants Cause?
Abusing inhalants can damage the protective coating that surrounds brain cells, called myelin.
Permanent effects can include an impaired ability to walk, talk, or think.
Even a first-time experiment with inhalants can result in death from choking, suffocation, or heart attack.
Warning Signs of Inhalant Abuse
Warning Signs of Inhalant
Abuse
Eyes that are red or runny.
Sores or spots near the mouth.
Breath that smells strange or like chemicals.
Holding a marker or pen near the nose.
Assignment 3
1. Evaluate the physical and psychological effects that can cause a person to become addicted to a drug.
2. Analyze: Why do you think inhalant abuse might be a serious problem among 12- to 14-year-olds?
Getting Help
The first step in getting help for drug abuse is for the user to admit that he or she has a problem.
Although some effects of drug abuse are permanent, drug addiction is treatable.
Symptoms of Drug Use
Recognizing When Someone Needs Help
Tolerance
Craving
A person needs increasingly larger amounts of drugs to get high.
A person feels a strong need, desire, or urge to use drugs and uses a drug despite negative consequences.
Symptoms of Drug Use
Recognizing When Someone Needs Help
Loss ofControl
Physical Dependence or
Withdrawal Symptoms
A person takes more drugs than he or she meant to, or uses drugs at a time or place he or she had not planned.
When drug use is stopped, a person may experience withdrawal symptoms from a physical need for the substance.
Getting Help
• Detoxification – The physical process of freeing the body of an
addictive substance• Some hospitals and treatment centers have
detoxification units for people going through withdrawal.
• Counseling– Provides an opportunity to openly share thoughts
and feelings with a trained expert.
Drug Treatment Options
Inpatienttreatment
Residentialprograms
Partialhospitalization
or daytreatment
Outpatientand intensive
outpatientprograms
Intensiveoutpatienttreatment
Support Groups
A support group is a group of people who work together to help one another stay drug free.
Common Support Groups
Narcotics Anonymous
Cocaine Anonymous
Nar-Anon
Choosing to be Drug Free
Choosing to be drug free is one of the most important decisions you can make.
• Drug free • A characteristic of a person not taking illegal drugs or of a place
where no illegal drugs are used
Resisting negative peer pressure is difficult, but it is much harder stopping drug use once it has started.
Refusing Drugs
Use the S.T.O.P. strategy when you are approached by someone pressuring you to use drugs.
S
T
O
P
Say no in a firm voice.
Tell why not.
Offer alternative ideas or activities.
Promptly leave.
Refusal skills help you resist negative peer
pressure without feeling guilty or uncomfortable.
Refusing Drugs
Choose friends who are also drug free.
Avoid places where you know drugs will
be present.
Always look for healthful ways
to deal with problems you
are facing.
The Benefits of Staying Drug Free
You will not be breaking the law.
You will have better concentration and memory.
You will have more natural energy.
You will be able to focus on improving your talents.
You will look better.
You will have better control of your feelings and actions.
You will not regret foolish actions caused by impaired judgment.
You will not waste money on drugs.
You will have better relationships with your family and friends.
You will respect yourself for taking care of your body and mind.
Positive Alternatives to Drug Use
Begin a regular physical fitness routine.
Volunteer to help someone in your school
or community.
Join a school club or organize a new one.
Take part in a drug-free event.
Bring a friend.
Write down your thoughts, or express yourself through art.
Balance enough physical activity with enough rest.
Form friendshipswith people who
are drug free.