8. 문화 시대 - t1.daumcdn.net
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8. 문화 시대 (1)> 1) ①> >>- ‘>>>-’의 음변화를 하는데, 어간 ‘-’의 원초적 의미는‘’에서 비롯된 이집트 신화의 바람과 대기의 신 ‘Shu(/ʃuː/)’에서 찾아볼 수 있다. Shu는 ‘허(虛[xu ̄]"emptiness")와 하늘을 떠받들어 올리는 자’를 의미하니, Chaos와 같은 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 모든 존재는 이것으로부터 시작한다. Shu(/ʃuː/)와 허(虛[xū])의 음훈은 같다. 아프리카 는 이집트의 Suh에서 뚜렷이 볼 수 있는데, Suh는 Sakha로도 발음 표기된다. 이것 의 고대 이집트 어 표기이름은 Skhoo이고, Skhoo는 Sky(하늘)의 어원 *sqeu-의 다른 표 기이다. 또한 이것의 그리스 어 표기는 Xois이고, 이를 지명으로 택한 것이 이집트 Tamiathis에서 Memphis로 가는 길목에 있는 마을 Xois이다. Xois를 (Khasut or Khaset) 또는 ( Sakha)로 부르는 것은, 반투 어족에 속하는 Xitsonga 어 "hasahasa (뜻: 카오스)"에서 보듯이 Xois의 뜻이 카오스(Chaos)이기 때문이다. 그리고 생각(,각)을 뜻하는 서아프리카 이그보 어 nsụhọ(=n+sụhọ)를 참고하면, ‘ >’는 ‘하느님의 생각, 의지, 뜻’을 나타내기도 한다. 그런 점에서 하느님의 뜻이 지상 에 실현된 지상세계를 ‘’로 불렀던 것이 Sahel(,"suh-Hell" or "suh-Heel"), Sahara이 다. Hell은 북유럽 신화에 나오는 죽음의 여신과 그 여신이 거주하는 사자의 세계를 나타내 는 말 Hel과 같은 말이고, 영어로는 가장 간단하게 hill(언덕)로 번역할 수 있다. 그래서 Sahel(,suh-Hell)은 Su-mer와 같이 ‘Shu, Suh, Su 신의 마을, 영역’으로 이해할 수 있다. 이 지역은 북아프리카가 낙원이었던 시절의 지명으로 볼 수 있고, 이곳 의 지명은 에스토니아 북부 지역의 Saha 마을에서 볼 수 있다. 1220년경 기독교인은 이곳의 이교도 의 종교 숭배지에 교회를 세웠으니, (,"Sakha" 또는 "Saha")는 분명 특정 종교문화의 이름이다. 이곳 외에도 Sakha는 러시아의 사하(Sakha) 공화국, 이란 Zanjan 주의 작은 마 을 이름이기도 하다. 그리고 의 다른 표기 Saho 족은 아프리카의 뿔로 불리는 지역에 살면서 에리트레아의 남부와 북부 홍해 지역을 중심으로 몰려 있고, 아프로-아시아 어의 쿠시 지파 어에 속하는 Soho 어(Sao, Shaho, shoho, shiho라고도 쓰며, Afar-saho라고도 한다)를 모국어로 사용한다. 현재 이들은 대부분 이슬람을 믿고 있으며, 소수의 기독교 신 자도 있지만, 원래 기본 신앙은 ‘’였다. 아시아 ‘->Shu, Suh, Su’는 페르시아 만 주변의 Su mer와 Su sa에서 볼 수 있다. Sumer는 셈계 아카드 인이 메소포타미아, 수메르 지역에 사는 비(非)셈계 사람을 부르는 말이다. 이 말(Su-mer)의 정확한 유래는 모른다고 하는데, 페르시아 만 건너 이들 맞은 편 지역에 수 사(Susa)가 있고, 수미산(,須彌山 【범】 Sumeru-parvata 또는 수미루(須彌樓ㆍ修迷樓)
Transcript of 8. 문화 시대 - t1.daumcdn.net
8‘>>>-’ , ‘-’ ‘’
‘Shu(/u/)’ . Shu ‘([xu
]"emptiness") ’ , Chaos
. . Shu(/u/) ([xu ]) .
Suh , Suh Sakha .
Skhoo, Skhoo Sky() *sqeu-
. Xois,
Tamiathis Memphis Xois. Xois (Khasut or
Khaset) ( Sakha) , Xitsonga "hasahasa
(: )" Xois (Chaos) .
(,) nsh(=n+sh) , ‘ >’ ‘ , , ’ .
‘’ Sahel(,"suh-Hell" or "suh-Heel"), Sahara
. Hell
Hel , hill() .
Sahel(,suh-Hell) Su-mer ‘Shu, Suh, Su , ’ .
,
Saha . 1220
, (,"Sakha" "Saha")
. Sakha (Sakha) , Zanjan
. Saho
, -
Soho (Sao, Shaho, shoho, shiho , Afar-saho
) . ,
, ‘’.
‘->Shu, Suh, Su’ Sumer Susa . Sumer
, () .
(Su-mer) ,
(Susa) , (, Sumeru-parvata ()
8. 2
(). (, Meru))
, ([hua ,hua]) ([shu], ()
. ,
‘()/()’ . ‘ Shu(/u
/)-Sumer-Susa-Sumeru- [shu]’ ‘([xu]"emptiness")
. (Shu,[xu])
, ‘ >->Shu, Suh, Su’ .
(Shu,[xu ]) ‘>>’
SAHU Jatt SAHOO or SOHU .
Sindh , Haryana and Rajasthan Sahu
Jangladesh .
Shah ,
, , (Madhya Pradesh)
(Uttar Pradesh) , {"Sah", "Shaha",
"Sahu", "Sav", "Sha" or "Shaw", "sa"} .
(The
Banias/ Vanias) Shah .
.
, "sahu" . Bundelkhand
, (father-in-law, or son's/daughter's father-in-law) "sahaji"
, "sahu" .
"Sahu" ‘
(,"patient") (,"gentle")
"Mr." .
Achaemenid Empire (/kimnd/, Old Persian: haxmanišiya, from the
Persian: "Hakhamanesh"; ca. 550−330 BC ‘hax/Hakha’ ‘ ’ , .
‘>’ (Shah // , [], "king")
. Shah .
xšaΘra-, "power" and "command" xšyaΘ
iya- "king" , ‘Kshatriya (< kshatra,
"rule, authority")’ . xša
‘’, ‘(hax/Hakha’)’ xšaΘra-( "power" and
"command")(>>). Shahanshah (, >
>, King of Kings) ‘’ , (Shah) (Shu,
[xu]) Sha ( ; italics: )([ch]"Teeth",
"Press" , "sharp" ) .
"Saqa-Saha" "Saqa-Saha"(,"Cue,
Bat") . ‘’( "Cue, Bat") (,Shu)
, Perun (PIE
*Perkwunos, cognate to *perkwus, a word for "oak", "fir" or "wooded mountain".)
. (Sakha)
.
Sakhalin([sxlin]) (,"suh-Hell" or "suh-Heel") .
Ainu, Oroks and Nivkhs, Sakhalin sahaliyan ula
angga hada (,"peak/craggy rock at the mouth of the Amur River") ,
"Sakhalin" ()(,"black") . Amur (, sahaliyan
ula) (,"Black River") , ()
.
() ,
.
, Yakut Sakha .
(Yakuts) Sakha , the AmurMagadan
Sakhalin the TaymyrEvenki . Sakha
. 13−14
, , ‘’
sahaliyan(,"Sakhalin") ula . (sahaliyan(,"Sakhalin")
ula) .
.
, >-
Guinea-Bissau (2009−2012) Malam Bacai Sanhá (Portuguese
pronunciation: [mal bkaj sa],1947−2012) , ,
.
‘>’ ([xiong][nu]) ;
Xliándí) ()(221−206 BC) ()(BC 206−AD 220)
8. 4
( Chanyu ,Chan-yu and Shanyu, : Sanok or Tsanak)
.
‘>>>’
Sami(,Sámi or Saami) . Sámit (the Sámis) or Sápmelaš (of
Sámi kin) . Sami or Sammy (Arabic: , IPA: [sami], Finnish [smi]). Sami or Sammy
, ‘’(,"elevated" () or "sublime" ()) , Sami
Samuel(,"name of God" ( Shm Alohim) or "God has heard" ( ,) Shma Alohim)) . samaa . (high, elevated, eminent, prominent)(
(samaa)
Shamash, ( :
Šamaš, "Sun"), . (samaa)
Sama' (−
sam‘un) , Sama' ( "listening"), Samee (,"one who hears")
. Sama Veda, Samveda, or Samaveda (,
smaveda, from sman "melody" and veda "knowledge") .
Sama Veda Sama' --
, ,
.
Samhain (/swn/ sah-win or /sa.n/
sow-in : [saun]). imam Mohamad Al-Khaled
Samha (1958 ), musicologist Samha El-Kholy(1925−2006)
.
Sama .
- ,
. Sama
Sama-Bajau .
Sama, Samah, or Samal , Bajau (/bæd/,
Badjao, Bajaw, Bajao, Badjau, Badjaw, Bajo or Bayao) ,
Sama-Bajau. Sama Bajau ,
Bajau .
Sama (Sanya)(Hainan,),
Sama (),
() () , (), (
). samaa (,)(high, elevated, eminent,
prominent) .
(Sama) Sama ,
Sama(Harstad),Sama(Asturias), Sama(Chalus),
Sama(Nowshahr),Sama(South Khorasan)(), Sama(Sanya)(Hainan,) .
Samay (Osamayi, also Sama),
Sama , , ,
, Gbaya Suma
. Rajput Samma Sindh, Gujarat (Kutch),
Balochistan,Punjab, Rajasthan .
‘>’ "Siha" ('ng'
sound)(,"lion")(or Siha / Sinhe / Singhe / Singha/Singho/). "Siha"
, ('Sinhala') ‘Sinha+la’ ‘ ’
. "Siha" ([sh]) .
(2) 1)
‘>’ . , ,
. Shango Shan ‘( )
, ('to strike')’ , -go :,. Shango
.
Shango Changó or Xangô, Jakuta . Jakuta Yakuta
(Yakut) . .
‘-/-’ (Shango),
Saka . *skeud-"propel, shoot" ,
*skud-, *Skuda (archer), *Skula .
/(Sakhe, Sekh, Sakhem, Sekhem) (power)
, Shango,
Sekhen, "sekhem"(()"powerful one.") Shango .
()/()/ Sekhmet(
8. 6
, Sachmet, Sekmet, Sakhmet, Sakhet, Sekhet, Sacmis) Sekhem
. Sekhmet ‘ (),
’ , ‘ ’
. ,
, Sekhmet .
, Sekhmet Ptah
, Ra .
12(1991−1803 BC)
Amenemhat I(,1991−1962 BC) .
Itjtawy([i-sh-tau-wee]) . 11(2134−
1991 BC) 1 , 12
, Sekhmet .
4(2613−2498 BC) , 1
, 5(2498−2345 BC) . 5
Ra , .
,
SA.GAZ . SA.GAZ( :"
") SAG.GAZ(," ")
4 Sekhmet(,Sakhet) ‘/ (Sakhe, Sekh, Sakhem, Sekhem)’ .
BC 25 , .
,
24−23 BC.
SA.GAZ
. ,
.
.
SA.GAZ SAG.GAZ
BC 1850. 12(1991−1803 BC)
Amenemhat I( 1991−1962 BC) , Itjtawy
.
,
. SA.GAZ () ,
() .
habbtu(, ) šaggšu()
, SA.GAZ ‘ ’ .
BC 1500 BC 1069
. 20(1186−1069 BC) 3
21(1069−945 BC) . 25(732−653 BC)
. (Kassites)
3 (1531−1155 BC) . BC 1069
(Elamite) (Neo-Elamite I (ca.1100−770
BC)/Neo-Elamite II (ca. 770−646 BC)/Neo-Elamite III (646−539 BC) .
,
SA.GAZ/SAG.GAZ
SA.GAZ KU KAŠ RU( ha bi ru) .
BC 1069
.
,
(Sogdiana, Sùtè) .
BC 9 ,
BC 1069 .
, , .
SA.GAZ SAG.GAZ , BC 1069
Σκαι (Sacae)
. .
Saka (Old Persian: Sak; New Persian/Pashto: ; Sanskrit: aka;
Greek: Σκαι; Latin: Sacae; Chinese: ; pinyin: Si; Old Chinese: *Sk; Assyrian:
Iskuzai/Askuzai)
(Scythians) . :Scythians
(a)
BC 1069 .
, .
,
, (Kurgan) .
(,) 3---(1: ()
BC 9 BC 7 /2: BC
7 BC 6/3: BC 5 BC 4)---
8. 8
, BC 900 BC 600-AD 300
, AD 300−600 .
, BC 8
, (Behistun inscription,
522−486 BC) (ca.484−425 BC)
.
---(the Sak paradraya
Saka / the Sak tigraxaud Saka / the Sak haumavarg (.
) Saka / the Sak para Sugdam Saka)---
.
Scythians Auchatae, Catiaroi, Traspians Paralatae
Royal Scythians .
,
Massagetae , Araxes(
.
Araks ) ,
, .
Lipoxais, Arpoxais, Colaxais
.
‘, , , ’ , Lipoxais
, Arpoxais ,
Colaxais . ,
.
‘, , , ()’ -
, ‘()/()/()/()’
, ‘, , , ’ ,
() , ‘///’
.
. Lixopais Auchatai , Arpoxais Catiaroi and Traspians
, Colaxais Paralatai "Royal" ,
Scolotoi . Sekhmet(,Sakhet)
,
Scythians .
Scloti σχολη(scholi)
Schola(,"school", or "group"), Scholae(,"schools").
Michel Rouche , schola ()
, , ,
. 9
. Scholae ,
Scholae Palatinae .
, (Darius 1)
, () Targitaos .
.
1000 Targitaos , 1750−1500 BC ,
. ,
, Targitaos(= Targi + taos= +:
)
. Lixopais(,Auchatai ),
Arpoxais(,Catiaroi and Traspians ), Colaxais(,Paralatai "Royal" )
. ‘t-d-r-s’ ‘>th>’
, (Saka) . ‘ >’ ,
.
‘’ Shango, SA.Ga
Haplogroup C3 ‘>>, ()>()’
.
‘(Sacae)’ , ,
‘///’ . (Targitaos) ‘
’ ,
Scolotoi , . (
"Royal" lands) ,
. "Royal Dahae" .
(,)
, (Targitaos) .
Royal Dahae BC 8 ‘DahaeSaka()
Parni’ Kimmeria
.
(Amyrgians),
(Sak paradraya) . Amyrgians
, Amorges
, Sak haumavarg ,
Amyrgioi.
,
‘ Saka(,"haoma-drinking Saka")’ .
.
8. 10
"Scytho-Khotanese" "Saka" ,
.
Pashto Pamiri ,
"Scytho-Sarmatian" Alans Ossetic .
.
(b)
Sky, Saket() *sqeu-, (s)qew-:to cover,
(Saka). Sage/segan () segan
hakohanim/Sheik/Sukha . Sage ,
. segan () segan
hakohanim (Hebrew: ) .
Sheik (Arabic: sheik; ; pl. shuykh)
,
(Sufi). / Sukha ‘, ,
’(,"happiness" or "ease" or "pleasure" or "bliss.") ,
.
‘ (the Sak tigraxaud)’ . Sak tigraxaud
(Orthocorybantians) (Scythians)
. ‘ ’
.
, ,
(Phrygia) Cybele ,
Kurbantes , Corybants .
(Corybantians, Koribantians) , Cabeiri
, the Korybantes Euboioi , the Korybantes Samothrakioi , Phrygian
Korybantes . ( ) Cybele
.
‘Corybantian:’, ‘còrybántine:
; ’ ,
. , ,
. Corybantian
SA.GA, SAG.GAZ
.
.
Sai ([sa i,sa i,se ]) ,
[sk]. [sk] () ,
. ([sa i,sai,se ])
‘’
Sakestan (,"land of the Saka") Sistan .
Saka Sakastan Sogdiana
Sugda Suguda , Skuda(,"archer")
.
Saka ,
Siddhartha Shakya (BC 5) -
, (1750−500 BC) ,
akya(, "capable, able") .
,
.
Dahae Sakas (or Scythians) Bactria,
Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, Gujarat, Matura
, ‘-’ , .
.
, keta(:
Shqí) , (: Shqí) . ‘’
(Sacae, Saka) .
Sakastan (, Sistan)
‘ ’ .
5 ([xiao,xiao][gu], 166−214),
([su][gu]) ([su][gu]) . ([xiao,xiao][gu
]) ([su][gu]) , (, 346
−375) ([su][gu]) , [su][gu].
/ .
Soga() Soga no Koma (
), Soga no Karako ( ) ,
, Soga () (Saka)
, Sakai,
. () () () ()
8. 12
() , , (), (), (),
([su ][jia,gu,jia,jie]), (), , ([tia
n][fei]) . ([su ][jia ,gu ,jia ,jie ]) ,
Soga() , /
.
‘Soga’
, , Poshekhonye
Sogozha .
Chagga, Shaka ,
Shaka , Shaka (ca.
1787−ca. 1828) .
Riau Sakai 14
, Sakai
, (Senoic languages)
Sakai , Shaka sign .
. ,
‘, ’ .
2)
(Shango) ,
Pate 8 Shanga , Kebbi
Shanga . Sango .
Shanga (Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa) , Sango ,
Sangu(Chango, Isangu, Shango, Yisangou, and Yisangu) ,
Sangu(,Sango, Kisango, Kirori, Eshisango, and Rori) .
20% Sangha (also known as Sanga) ,
Sangha , 15−16 Songhay
. Sunga (187−78 BC) () Sangh
Parivar ,
.
Sangha ( sagha; sagha;
) , /(,"association", "assembly," "company" or
"community") .
sagha sangam('academy')
. sangam , .
Sangam BC 350−AD 300 ,
(BC 334) -
, -, (,AD 105−250) ,
(, Stavhana Empire(BC 230−AD 220)
.
.
Sangam .
(3) 1) (Sat)>(Jat)>(Chat)
‘>,,’ , {(hta, Hada)(uán, *u-tó-m) (Sata, Santa, Satan)} , ‘’ ‘/’ . ‘/’ ,
‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ,
‘’ .
Igbo "Chukwu" "Chukouuee"
(1.Chukwu,2.Anyanwu,3.Agbala,4.Chi−a sub-deity functioning as a personal,
spiritual guide.5.Okike) , Chi
. (Chi) (ChiChi/CheChe) ,
(Chi) ‘······’ , Chi–tah
. Chi-tah
.
Chi–tah .
‘( < ≤10:83≥
)’ .
echiche, ukucabanga, mawazo, ero, cogitatio,
Tha , Th, Sc, Cintaai, isipan, Khwm
khid, ndysh, Thought, ajatus
(consciousness):
nsh, ukwazi, Ctan, Sabhnat, Sti,
Conscientia
28.
‘()’ nsh(=n+sh) , ()
ukwazi(=u+kwazi) . echiche(e+chiche)‘Chiche’ (
[shí,zhì],pure consciousness) . Cit (,"pure
consciousness") Citta ([shí,zhì]) ,
(heartmind) .
Cit, Citta Sat ([l])(,"the ideal; true being, pure
8. 14
and true essence (nature)" , ([l])
ero(=e+ro) , ‘() ()’ .
Citta Sat , sattva(,"purity")
satya(,"truth") .
,
Siddha Siddham ‘ , ’ . Siddha Siddhi(
"perfection","accomplishment", "attainment", "success")
, Siddha, sdhu (skt sdhu, "good; good man,
holy man") . (Jain) , Siddha
. (body) ,
. Siddha-shila .
Siddhrtha Gautama Buddha
siddha(Siddhar) (Tamil Nadu (/tæml ndu/
tam-il-nah-doo) ()
. siddha siddhar sdh(,"reach one’s goal", "make
straight", or "gain power over") , cittar .
, ( Sapiens) siddha/siddhar/Chi–tah.
Siddhar , ,
. , Chi–
tah .
, Chi–tah
(cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus). "cheetah"
citrakya("variegated") '' (ct)
, Chit ( consciousness)
. (Cheeta),
Chit (," consciousness") , ‘ ’
.
(6700−5650 BC) ( Çatal
Hüyük (also Çatalhöyük) ‘
’ . . Çatal Hüyük ‘
Hüyük’ , .
(Siddha,sdhu) (Cheeta,cheetah) ,
Chad BC 7000 , ‘’
. BC 4000, BC 2000 ,
.
/
.
, . Sudan(=Su + dan) ‘ ’ .
Jeddah (Jiddah or Jedda; / dd/; Arabic: Jiddah or Jaddah, IPA: [dddæ, dæddæ]) .
Ibn Battuta(1304–1368) "Juddah" .
Jidda Island (Arabic: ) . ‘’ ,
(caitya·cetiya, "reminders" "memorials") { ()/()/
()/([zh][tí,d]) } , (, ) .
// ,
.
-(Chi–tah) (caitya), cetiya(,"reminders" or
"memorials") ,
. BC 2
, .
‘(,)’ ,
. ‘>’
shango , Glagolitic and Cyrillic Sha ( ;
italics: ) Shin(,Šin (šn) or Sheen)( : "Teeth"[ch] "Press""sharp") .
, () /Sta(,Shaddai).
Shaddai(,"sharp")(,"destroyer") () Shin(Šin, šn,
Sheen) , (God) "shadad"()(,"to
overpower" or "to destroy") Shaddai(,"destroyer") .
"El Shaddai" "God Almighty" ,
Psalm 91.1 "Shaddai" ‘ ’(,"the God of heaven")
. Shaddai (God) () .
Shaddai ‘’ ‘ ’, Anu ,
{ bêlu šad bêl šadê((), "lord of the mountain"), dúr-hur-sag-gá
sikil-a-ke, ( ), kur-za-gan ti-[la]( ) }
Amurru/Martu shadû (,"mountain"),
shadd`û shaddû`a (,"mountain-dweller") .
aos sí ( : [is i], "ees shee") aes
8. 16
sídhe([es ið], "ays sheeth-uh") (,"ays sheeth-uh" ).
Sìth ,
(fairies or elves) . W.B. Yeats aos sí "the
sídhe" (lit.: mounds) . Shaddai shadû
(,"mountain") sídhe , ,
.
.
L. R. Bailey (1968) and Jean Ouelette (1969) Bêl Šadê
l Šaddi . l Šaddi(Hebrew: , el adaj)
(God) ,
, Shaddai
.
.
“ Seth, Sata, ()
Sothis , Saturn. , Saturn
12 , . Satan .
Satan . Satanel‘ ’
, “ ” . Satanists
Esedians . , ,
. Satan .
- Sedu
(), Sedu šadid, šed , šaddai
, šed ‘, ’ . šed ,
”( ).
‘ ’
, () Sopdet
. ‘ ’ , p -t
Sopdet. Sopdet
, 6 21∼7 , 1
. Sopdet .
Sah Sopdet .
Sopdet Sah .
Sopdet Sah
, .
Sindu . Sindu
Hindu, Indós, Indus ,
. Sindu, Sindh
. Sindu .
Sindhu(, , ) sidh(, keep off)
, (šadê, shadû ;"mountain") ‘ ’ (sidh) (Šadê, shadû, Shaddai) .
, ,
. .
Sindhu (šadê, shadû ;"mountain")
‘ ’, ( thunder),
Sunda .
(Mahabharata) ,
apsara Tilottama
Sunda () Upasunda . Sunda /
.
Sunda (thunder) ,
Nath (gotra) Sunda , Jats Sunda(,
Sondreans ) . ,
, Sunda ,
Sunda (669−1579).
Sunda , (Šadê, shadû,
Shaddai) tavhana (BC 230−AD 220) . tavhana(=
ta+vhana) ta(= +ta =Sha + :) , (,Sha)
, ([sha n][gua ng]) , ta .
vhana ,
. tavhana ‘ ta ’
. :tavhana
, tavhana
450 . Andhras
. ,
,
.
8. 18
.
,
Sundaland. ,
. ‘Sunda’ ‘su(,"goodness")’ , ‘()light,
()cleanness, ([bo,e i])bright , , , ,
()white’ (,"Indonesia Miliki 1.128 Suku Bangsa" (in Indonesian).
Jawa Pos National Network. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2011.),
Sunda {Suda= Su(,"goodness") + da(; [da,ta ], [dì,de ,di])},
Sudan .
Sunda (Sundanese)
,
Urang Sunda, Suku() Sunda Orang() Sunda .
Parahyangan(, Priangan Preanger) ,
, Dieng Plateau Hyang
Plateau "hyang" Parahyangan .
,
, -(,"hyang") Dieng
Plateau Hyang Plateau .
Sunda .
‘’ , ‘>,,> Sunda’ ()
Sunda .
(Sunda Kelapa (397–1527),
Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1949), and Djakarta (1949–1972) ,
Sunda Tarumanagara Taruma (AD 358−669)
, Sunda (669−1579)
. Sunda
Sundaland Sunda
.
( 552-744; Khaganate, Türk xanlïqï) 7
(593−603) ( Onoq Western Turkic
Khaganate) ([sha,sha ][tuo] Shatuo ;shtuó tjué,
also: Shato, Sha-t'o, Sart)
. Dingling ()
, ,
3 Tiele ()
, Gaoche () or Chile () . 3
Chile() .
Dingling Chuy (Chuyue, Chumi,
Chumuhun, and Chuban ) , Chuban (Chuy, Yueban Ch. , or
Üeban, Urpen)(, "Weak Huns") .
, Sogdian . Chuyue (
Chuyue = "abode of the Moon [god]") , ‘(,Chu)’
.
"Six Chuy tribes" Chigil (Chihil, and also Jigil, Djikil, Chiyal)
7 Issyk Kul , Oghuz Turks
"Chigil" .
()(581−680, Chji-i < tšk-it < chigil) Chji-i .
,
Chigil (Shatuo,;shtuó or ;shtuó tjué, also:
Shato, Sha-t'o, Sanskrit Sart) .
Barkul On-Ok (Ten Tribes)
, ,
. 808 Chuy , Chuy
Shato (: 805−820) .
(875−883) 5 10
(923–936), (936−947), (947−951) . 13
Ongut Khorazm .
Kazakhs , Tumed
Mongols . "Chigil"
Shatuo () 8−10.
() Xueyantuo()
(Seyanto, Se-yanto, Se-Yanto) or Syr-Tardush) .
Selenga /Xueyanhe (/) Xue
() Yantuo() .
Xueyantuo, Xueyanhe, Xienianhe, Seyanto, Selenga, Selyanha, .
Xue Xinli , 7
. Xu, Sit, Seol (), Setsu,
Tit . Xueyantuo () Shatuo ()
( )/( /(
/( .
Shatuo Li ()/Zhu-Ye ()/Zhu ()/Sha-Jin ()/Sha()
8. 20
, Xueyantuo Li ()/Xie ()/Xue ()/Zhang () .
() Shatuo()
. , .
Shatuo() Sart ,
Khwarezm "Sartuul" . Khwarizm
.
, Zavkhan . Sartuul
, Sart . Sartagchinii gazar
. Sartuul Sart oolu(,"child of
Sart") , ‘Ali-Shir Nava'i (1441 –1501) "Sart Ulusi"
(Sart Ulus, i.e." Sart people") .
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (1483−1530) Fergana
Margelan "Sarts" , Andijan
. Kabul vilayat "Sarts" .
2010
,
. Sart , ,
,
. (,"Sarts") .
Khwarezm "Sartuul" ,
Sart/Shatuo () Khwarezm . Khwarezm
(/kwrzm/ or Chorasmia /kræzmi/)
.
. Khwarezm
.
Khwarezm Huvarazmish .
‘Khwar, Huvar’ ‘>,,’ –r- .
Sart/Sartuul –r- . () ‘> ,,’ .
Khwarezm . ‘>,,
’ . , Sart
Khwarezm , Bactria
‘()’ . ‘’
Sata, Satan, - Sedu
‘’ .
.
// ,
() ([su][tu]) (),
([j][d]), ([z,zi][ta]) ([z,zi][tu n])/
, . ,
tavhana (BC 230−AD 220)
. (ta) tavhana ,
, ta
(: [*]) ()
, , ()·()·
()·() .(() () 6(512) 12
) () () ‘’ .
() ([suo,sa,sha], , ()
Sa ) . ([tuo]) ()
, . ‘()’ ‘/(Šadê,
shadû, Shaddai, Siddha, sdhu)’ ,
.
([s][duo][ha n])
([sha ,sha][duo]) ([sha][zhai]
, ) ([sha][zha,zha]) . ([s][duo][ha
n]) ‘ , ’ Siddha Siddham ,
.
()
‘()’ .
() () ‘’ ,
‘’‘([sha ,sha ])’ ,
() . ([sha,sha]) , ‘·
’ ‘ ’ .
,
() "Sah", "Shaha", "Sahu", "Sav", "Sha" or "Shaw",
"sa" sdh(,"reach one's goal", "make straight", or "gain power over")
.
8. 22
‘()/()/()’ ‘([dao])’ ‘([du])’
‘()’ , ‘()/()/()’ ‘()’
, (Šadê, shadû, Shaddai/ Siddha/
sdhu) . sdh
6() (()/()/()).
8 ‘()/()/()/()/(
)’ . Siddhrtha Gautama Buddha siddhas ,
,
8 ,
(, [:-],[])[] , () ()
. , () () ) .
,
([sha][zha i] , ) ([sha][zha ,zha])
. ([zha,zha], , ) ,
, . ,
.
() () ,
. (, ?−?) (, 523−554)
, () . (, ?−
642?) () 639 .
(, ?−?) ( 600−641) . ()
( 641−660) ().
() (320−650)
. sdhu .
49(369) (),
() . () ,
(, 392−405) () ,
sdh(,"reach one's goal", "make straight", or "gain power over")
sdhu (sdhu, "good; good man, holy man") .
2),
, .
, ,
. (Santa)
, 17
.
‘’ ‘/’ .
12 25 ‘’
.
‘(savanna)’ ‘ ’ ,
savanna Arawak
,
. >,,
> . , ,
Shaba , ‘/’ Katanga(− 1972)
. ‘>’
.
‘’ .
(Luanda , Bengo , Malanje , Cuanza Norte )
Kimbundu "semba" " , ,
" . ‘>’
Semba.
Masemba(=Ma+semba) ()( "a touch of the bellies") Semba
,
,
, “()
()” .
, ‘>, , >’.
Samba , Samba (
[sb])
.
Jongo(,caxambu or tambu) . Jongo
Ndongo Kongo
, ()(,"dances of the
belly strike") . Jongo caxambu Kashamba
, "Ka" "" , Masemba(=Ma+semba=
8. 24
semba, semba).
,
Samburu .
Samburu () .
Suba , Suba Buganda ,
.
.
(Sabi) .
.(
) Sabu .
,
. Seba(,Sewa) .
‘>,,’ ‘’ () () ‘>
’ . , Sabah(-)
, .
‘>,,’ .
Giza () (Khufu/kufu/koo-foo) (4 2, 2575−2465 BC)
(Khnum-Khufu(/knumkufu/ knoom-koofoo),
Khêops Cheops ( /kips/, kee-ops; Greek: Χοψ, by Diodor and
Herodotus), Súphis ( /sufs/ soo-fis; Greek: Σοφις),
Sofe ( /sfi/ so-fe; Greek: Σοφe, by Manetho) . (Khufu) (Súphis Sofe) ,
sibrdzne(,"wisdom")
‘sophós(,"wise")/sophía(,"Wisdom")’, sapiens(,"wise")/sapientia(,"Wisdom")
. ((Khnum-Khufu) (Súphis, sofe)
.
/(1)
‘>,,>’ ‘’ . ‘(Habaiah; : )’, (
) Hebat(, Kheba Khepat ), Zababa
. ‘>,
, >’ ,
Kish Subartu(,"Subar
","Suba ").
Sargon
,
Ashur .
Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri, mât Šubarrik,
Su-bir/Subar/Šubur, Amarna Subari, Ugarit Šbr
.
Subartu Ashur
, Sistan and Baluchestan Sabu
. Darquba in the
Lankaran Rayon Sbir , Shamakhi Rayon Sabir , Shamkir
Rayon Sabirknd (also, Sabir and Sabirkend), Samukh Rayon
Nbiaal- from 2008 Samukh (also, Sabarkend, Sabir, Safarabad,
Safaraliyeb, and Safaraliyev) , (Sabar, Sabir, Safar) .
, ‘’
.(
, ,
. ,
. )
(Georgia) (sopeli) . ‘’
, ‘’, Šú-ba-ri .
, Sabir(sbr/Σβιροι/Savirs)
.
, (Dagestan)
, 461 Saragur, Urog and Unogur
, Avar Göktürks , 700
. Sabiroi ,
Khazars , Bulgars , Magyars , Chuvash
.
Chuvash Sabirs
. Sabir Suars
, 7 Pontic Volga
Oghur Turkic , Scytho-Sarmatian Sarmatian-Alan
Bulgars (also Bolgars, Bulghars, Huno-Bulgars) .
Volga Bulgaria Suar Suwar , (Su-bir/Subar/Šubur) .
. Chuvash Sabir
, - (Sabir)
.
8. 26
2000 Sintashta ,
,
.
.
‘(Siberia)’ ,
Bardejov Šiba
iva ,
. 1
() (Suebi, Suevi)
. Suebi
() *sw-(,"one's own") > *swbaz(, , "one's own"
people) , (Sapiens) .
,
(Sheba )(Ge'ez: , Saba, Arabic: ,
Sab, South Arabian, Hebrew: , Še, also referred to as the People of Tubba',
Arabic ) (BC 1000− ) . BC 10
.
, .
, AD 6
,
.
Sabaeans Sabeans (Arabic:
as-Saba’iyn) . Sbi'na
saba’a
, Sbi'(,"proselyte" ) ,
as-Sbi'n Sbi' . () Sbi'
, ,
. as-Saba’iyn , ,
.
(Shiva <<:
) ,
, -
.
Siba
(princely state) ,
(Kyrgyzstan) Osh Alay Sopu-Korgon , BC 4
() (
[su ][pí]) .
BC 1−
AD 6 ( Xinbi: Hsien-pei<)
6−10 (Shihwei, <<) . ‘’
‘’, ‘’ ‘’ . ()
. ()
,
.
, Sibu,
Subic, Cebu (Cebuano: Sugbo), Savu(,Sabu), Seba ,
Shibuya ( Shibuya-ku), (),
(, [sha,sha ][fu ]), ([xu][fa,fa ])
. (Suva), Saba , .
‘()/
()’ , () ‘ ’, ‘’ .
(:, , )
(sophía"(Wisdom)") ([shuo,shuì,yue][po]) ([shuo
,shuì,yue][fa,fa,fa ]) .
. [sabasaba]( :
) . .
sabh(,"hall") ,
(assembly, congregation, or council)
. Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha
. · (Prakrit) sabh sah
. ‘b>f>h’ ‘sabh>safh>sahh>sah’ .
Su-bir/Subar/Šubur () ,
Šú-ba-ri () .
, .
() () ([shu ][fu][ha n])
‘()/()/()’ . [shu ][fu]
, sophía, sapientia, sibrdzne
8. 28
.
, .
2),
‘,,’ .
. Sumbawanga ( ) ,
() (Sumba)()/Soemba ,
( Sonnebay, Sonba’I, Sonbait) 17 1950
.
‘, , ’ . . Savanes (,
Togo ), Savanes(,Côte d'Ivoire 19 ), Šipan(,
), Mount Sipan(, Van ), Sipan(,Armenia), Sipán(,Spain),
Savanh Nakhone/ Savannakhét (,"city of paradise" or "land of fertility suitable for
agriculture", ()), Sepon(,
.100,000∼12,000 . BC 2000
.Sikhottabong ), Xépôn(,Tchepone and Sepon
Savannakhet Sepone , Sepon Banghiang
), Sepon (Vietnamese: Sông Xê-pôn, Lao: Se Pon)
Qung Tr Lao Bo ), Nakhon Sawan(, a city in
Thailand, Savanh Nakhone ), .
Nakhon Sawan "Nakhon" Nagara(,"city"), "Sawan"
svarga(,"heaven") ‘ ’(City Heaven,Heavenly City)
, Savanh Nakhone/ Savannakhét/ Xépôn , "Sawan"
‘Xépôn>Sepon>Savanh>Sawan’ , ‘/’
, ‘ ()’.
Japan (Saipan) . BC
2000 , Mount
Tapochau(480 m) ,
, Sepon , BC 2000
/ .
(Saipan) AD 100 El Señor de Sipán
(, "Lord of Sipán") . Sipán Zaña
.
Sipán AD 100 ,
. (Spain)
, Spain , (Sipán)
.
(, )
(Sabantuy, : , : , : ,
: ) , ‘’
"" "" , ‘’ "", "" .
Mount Sipan(, Van ), Sipan(,Armenia)
.
(5) 1)
‘>,,>,,’ ‘’ ‘,
’ , (saqa-saha) .
‘>’
‘Sasha Zamani’. ‘Sasha Zamani’ ‘ ’
. ,
,
‘Sasha Zamani’
. Sasha ‘· · ’ , Zamani ‘
’. Sasha () , Zamani
() .
Sasha
, . 6 1 () .
Zamani ,
. .
Sasha Zamani ,
, ,
.
Sasha
Shesha (, ea). i
, , .
(Saša) () ,
Satyana([SAHT-ya-na],"truth, true") .
Sasha .
Sasha .
Sasha(/sæ/ SASH- /s/ SAH-sh )‘ , , ,
, ’ , (Russian, Serbian), (Bulgarian),
(Macedonian), Saša (Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Lithuanian), Sasza
(Polish), (Ukrainian), Sascha (German), Sasja (Dutch and Swedish), and
Sacha (French) , ·
8. 30
Satyana .
Sasha Saša
Gul Ses (Gul-Shesh; Gulshesh;
Gul-ashshesh) (,Ses, Shesh, ashshesh) ,
. "Shesh" Tuareg
(Tagelmust) . Tagelmust ,
() , (,"Shesh") .
‘’ Sosa( ) Sousa ( [soz]) , Susa (/sus/; Persian: Shush [u]; Greek: Σοσα [su
sa]; Syriac: Shush; Old Persian Çš-; Hebrew Shushn)
, Zealand Suså Suså (Municipality) .
.
([suo,sa,sha ][su ]) ([x][shu
]), (), ()
.
Sasha ,
Susa . () (Sosa) .
Sasa .
,
. Sasa "Talofa" (greetings)
, "Tofa" (farewell) . "Talofa"
"Tofa" . ,
Sasa.
2)
, ,
( 13∼16) (Samson (/sæmsn/; Hebrew: , Modern
Shimshon Tiberian Šimšôn, meaning "man of the sun"),Shamshoun (Arabic: Shamshn/Šamšn), or Sampson (Greek: Σαμψν) ,
(Ssnian, Sssnian, Ssnid) ‘’ ‘’ .
(6) 1)
‘’ ‘>>’ (,
) ‘>, , >’ ,
, , .
>>
, ‘’
Sari(, or saree). sari ,
(,"strip of cloth"), -
s s , Sattika .
BC 2 ,
. Sari(,Satiika)
(, ) .
/sari(, saree) Sattika
Koteka . Satiika Koteka , ‘> (), (Koteka), (Satiika)’ .
( ) ‘(Satiika)’
sari,
Kaupinam(,kaupina) langot .
sarong sarung ,
. ‘>(), (Koteka), (Satiika)’
‘ (Xata)/ (Katag)/ ()’
, .
suriyah
. thawb thobe (Arabic:
,(kandrah / ) kandura ,(dishdshah / ) ALA-LC: thawb), dishdasha /
suriyah . suriyah (, srah. sura,
surat) aš-ši‘r or ash-shira( ; the leader),
Ashur (also, Assur, Aššur; written A-šur, also Aš-šùr)
, ‘suri/sura’
, .
8. 32
(, ) >,,> >Z-H-R :to shine, give light)
Hilafet, khilfa, Acharya, ZAHR(
ZARR)/Suri, (tsar, tzar, czar) . (,)
(šùr, šur, shur).
Ashur (2334−2154
BC), Assyria Athura , Subartu . Assur/Ashur (
: Aššryu; : Aur; : Aššûr; : šr)(also, Assur, Aššur; written A-šur, also Aš-šùr)
, Aššryu(=Aš+šryu) , (šryu,
Surya (Devanagari: Srya, "the Supreme Light, )
.
Ashur Subartu(,Subir) , ‘(Su-bir)> (Suvir)>(Suwar)>(Suar, Sar, Sur)’ (,
)‘>’ , ‘(šùr, šur, shur)’
. (šùr, šur, shur)
,
.
Zara , Sara Suri
. - Zara Suri/Sura , Suri Rig
Veda , ‘ (seer)’
Acharya(=A:+ "char" or "charya" /"conduct")
, - Zara . "char"
‘(Tsar, Tzar, and Czar)’ suri
, .
Suri ()
. ( ()
.) Suri
, .
Suri
, Surya
Suri . Afghan
, Pashtun .
Suri , 114
() , Sura ( "Surah" srah, plural "Suar" )
. Sharia (Arabic: šarah, IPA: [aria], "legislation"; sp. shariah,
sharah; also qnn Islm) . Sharia
aš-ši‘r or ash-shira( ; the leader).
‘’ , ‘’ .
Haplogroup R1b Hausa
, ‘’
() (Sara) , ‘
’ .
, Sao ,
.
Dakar
Serer (,"Sérère", "Sereer", "Serere", "Seereer", "Seex" or
"Sine-Sine") . Saloum Sine(Maad Saloum
Mbegan Ndour) , Mbey
Saloum(,Saluum) (1494−1969) .
Serer , Serer Cangin
. Serer
. "Serer",
. Issa Laye Thiaw ,
.
: Serer Wolof reer (,"misplaced") ,
.
: Serer Wolof seer reer ‘ ’.
: seereer sahir (
).
: Pulaar sererabe ‘, , ’ .
, "Serer" ‘
’, "Serer" .
"Serer" .
(coos) , Serer Chere (also "Chereh" ) .
() , "Chere" Shere Sere , ‘
’ (()/ ≤:7≥/ ≤:18
≥) Serer Chere "Serer-N'Diéghem"
. chere Acharya=A:+ "char" or
8. 34
.
Serr , Serr suriyah
, Serr .
Sarr ,
Serr/Sarr , sir([sr () sr]) .
"Serer", - Sura/Suri, ‘
’ Sarah or Sara (/sr/; Hebrew: , Modern Sara Tiberian
r ISO 259-3 arra; Latin: Sara; Arabic: or Sra;),
(), ‘’, (), ()
, ()([]),[],[],[]),
(, sirghe) ‘/’
, (, head) ()
Haplogroup R1b .
Balochi , ‘’
Balochistan .
‘’ Sonora Seri
, .
, . ‘Apache
Yaqui ’
, .
Seri
, Comcaac(:/kom'kk/,[kokk]) Cmiique(:/'kmi
k/),[kwk]) . ‘+ ’ ‘+’ ‘+’
, (con ca'i:) .
‘’ 12,000−15,000
, . Cmiique(:/'kmi
k/),[kwk]) ,
Haplogroup C3−M217 .
Haplogroup C-M217 Seri
. ‘Seri’ ,
15,000 "",
"", "()"
. (Seri) (Seri, , )
, Seri Sonora ,
,
, 12.
− .
Haplogroup C-M217 7,100−16,700
... C-P39 Na-Dené ...
haplogroup C-M217 16.5%
. wikipedia:Haplogroup C-M217
"Sonora" (Sonora Island, one of the Discovery Islands
in British Columbia, Canada /Sonora, Nova Scotia, Canada), (Sonora, California,
a city / Sonora, Kentucky, a city), (Sonora, Mato Grosso do Sul, a town in
Brazil) , Haplogroup Q3 .
(Seris) Sonora
Clovis (The oldest Clovis site in North America is believed
to be El Fin del Mundo in northwestern Sonora, Mexico,). Montana 12,600
Anzick boy (, Anzick-1, 12,556−12,707 BP) mtDNA haplogroup D4h3a
, Y-chromosome haplogroup Q-L54*(xM3). 12,900−
13,200
‘Sonora’ .
, Haplogroup Q
.
Haplogroup Q-254,
([xiao][nu]) . () ()
([na,na,na ,nai]) . Sonora –ra ‘()’ ‘
()’ , Haplogroup Q Sono(ra) 5
(,) .
{([xia o][nu]), ‘()/
8. 36
()’, ‘()/()’} ([xiao][nu
]) ‘([shun])/([huan])/([guan])([gua n])’ ‘>,,’
‘/’ ‘([hua n]),([gua n]),([shu n])’ ,
‘’. 5 ‘’ ,
([xiong][nu]) .
([xiong][nu]) ([xiao][nu ]) ,
, ‘’ .
:Xiongnu :Xionites
BC 3−AD 460
, ‘’. 460
()/(XionitesChionites Chionitae)
, ‘//’ .
Haplogroup Q . ,
Haplogroup R1b , Haplogroup Q3 Haplogroup
R1b . Sonora ,
‘’ .
‘’ (11,000−25,000 )
.
‘’, ‘’ Haplogroup C3
Haplogroup Q3 ,
(Navajo) () Dinétah. Dinétah ,
, (Utah) , .
Sonora .
Sierra (County) Sonora
Colorado (Gila)
. Gila (/hil/; O'odham [Pima]: Keli Akimel or simply
Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siil) Yuma Hah-quah-sa-eel(,"running water which is
salty") Hah-quah ‘’, Quechan Haa ‘()’ .
himdag(, sometimes
rendered in English as Him-dak) . himdag ‘/’
. (himdag) ‘’ “ , ‘
’ ”, (himdag)
Himba ‘Himba’ . (himdag)
Haplogroup C3 . 2.
mtDNA 12,000−15,000 BP
.
2)
serem (,"bring forth," serim "be born"),
Sarang(,,"nest") ,
. Saran(, Kazakhstan), Saransk(, Russia), Saran (, Bihar, India), Saran(,
Iran), Sárán(, the Hungarian name for erani village, Borod Commune, Bihor
County, Romania), (Salon:, ), ‘’ .
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, and
Ukraine.) sela (plural of selo), Selo , 100
selo()/syola()selo .
()()()()()()
(()113) (/)
‘’ , ‘’ .
.
‘Shu(/u/)’ . Shu ‘([xu
]"emptiness") ’ , Chaos
. . Shu(/u/) ([xu ]) .
Suh , Suh Sakha .
Skhoo, Skhoo Sky() *sqeu-
. Xois,
Tamiathis Memphis Xois. Xois (Khasut or
Khaset) ( Sakha) , Xitsonga "hasahasa
(: )" Xois (Chaos) .
(,) nsh(=n+sh) , ‘ >’ ‘ , , ’ .
‘’ Sahel(,"suh-Hell" or "suh-Heel"), Sahara
. Hell
Hel , hill() .
Sahel(,suh-Hell) Su-mer ‘Shu, Suh, Su , ’ .
,
Saha . 1220
, (,"Sakha" "Saha")
. Sakha (Sakha) , Zanjan
. Saho
, -
Soho (Sao, Shaho, shoho, shiho , Afar-saho
) . ,
, ‘’.
‘->Shu, Suh, Su’ Sumer Susa . Sumer
, () .
(Su-mer) ,
(Susa) , (, Sumeru-parvata ()
8. 2
(). (, Meru))
, ([hua ,hua]) ([shu], ()
. ,
‘()/()’ . ‘ Shu(/u
/)-Sumer-Susa-Sumeru- [shu]’ ‘([xu]"emptiness")
. (Shu,[xu])
, ‘ >->Shu, Suh, Su’ .
(Shu,[xu ]) ‘>>’
SAHU Jatt SAHOO or SOHU .
Sindh , Haryana and Rajasthan Sahu
Jangladesh .
Shah ,
, , (Madhya Pradesh)
(Uttar Pradesh) , {"Sah", "Shaha",
"Sahu", "Sav", "Sha" or "Shaw", "sa"} .
(The
Banias/ Vanias) Shah .
.
, "sahu" . Bundelkhand
, (father-in-law, or son's/daughter's father-in-law) "sahaji"
, "sahu" .
"Sahu" ‘
(,"patient") (,"gentle")
"Mr." .
Achaemenid Empire (/kimnd/, Old Persian: haxmanišiya, from the
Persian: "Hakhamanesh"; ca. 550−330 BC ‘hax/Hakha’ ‘ ’ , .
‘>’ (Shah // , [], "king")
. Shah .
xšaΘra-, "power" and "command" xšyaΘ
iya- "king" , ‘Kshatriya (< kshatra,
"rule, authority")’ . xša
‘’, ‘(hax/Hakha’)’ xšaΘra-( "power" and
"command")(>>). Shahanshah (, >
>, King of Kings) ‘’ , (Shah) (Shu,
[xu]) Sha ( ; italics: )([ch]"Teeth",
"Press" , "sharp" ) .
"Saqa-Saha" "Saqa-Saha"(,"Cue,
Bat") . ‘’( "Cue, Bat") (,Shu)
, Perun (PIE
*Perkwunos, cognate to *perkwus, a word for "oak", "fir" or "wooded mountain".)
. (Sakha)
.
Sakhalin([sxlin]) (,"suh-Hell" or "suh-Heel") .
Ainu, Oroks and Nivkhs, Sakhalin sahaliyan ula
angga hada (,"peak/craggy rock at the mouth of the Amur River") ,
"Sakhalin" ()(,"black") . Amur (, sahaliyan
ula) (,"Black River") , ()
.
() ,
.
, Yakut Sakha .
(Yakuts) Sakha , the AmurMagadan
Sakhalin the TaymyrEvenki . Sakha
. 13−14
, , ‘’
sahaliyan(,"Sakhalin") ula . (sahaliyan(,"Sakhalin")
ula) .
.
, >-
Guinea-Bissau (2009−2012) Malam Bacai Sanhá (Portuguese
pronunciation: [mal bkaj sa],1947−2012) , ,
.
‘>’ ([xiong][nu]) ;
Xliándí) ()(221−206 BC) ()(BC 206−AD 220)
8. 4
( Chanyu ,Chan-yu and Shanyu, : Sanok or Tsanak)
.
‘>>>’
Sami(,Sámi or Saami) . Sámit (the Sámis) or Sápmelaš (of
Sámi kin) . Sami or Sammy (Arabic: , IPA: [sami], Finnish [smi]). Sami or Sammy
, ‘’(,"elevated" () or "sublime" ()) , Sami
Samuel(,"name of God" ( Shm Alohim) or "God has heard" ( ,) Shma Alohim)) . samaa . (high, elevated, eminent, prominent)(
(samaa)
Shamash, ( :
Šamaš, "Sun"), . (samaa)
Sama' (−
sam‘un) , Sama' ( "listening"), Samee (,"one who hears")
. Sama Veda, Samveda, or Samaveda (,
smaveda, from sman "melody" and veda "knowledge") .
Sama Veda Sama' --
, ,
.
Samhain (/swn/ sah-win or /sa.n/
sow-in : [saun]). imam Mohamad Al-Khaled
Samha (1958 ), musicologist Samha El-Kholy(1925−2006)
.
Sama .
- ,
. Sama
Sama-Bajau .
Sama, Samah, or Samal , Bajau (/bæd/,
Badjao, Bajaw, Bajao, Badjau, Badjaw, Bajo or Bayao) ,
Sama-Bajau. Sama Bajau ,
Bajau .
Sama (Sanya)(Hainan,),
Sama (),
() () , (), (
). samaa (,)(high, elevated, eminent,
prominent) .
(Sama) Sama ,
Sama(Harstad),Sama(Asturias), Sama(Chalus),
Sama(Nowshahr),Sama(South Khorasan)(), Sama(Sanya)(Hainan,) .
Samay (Osamayi, also Sama),
Sama , , ,
, Gbaya Suma
. Rajput Samma Sindh, Gujarat (Kutch),
Balochistan,Punjab, Rajasthan .
‘>’ "Siha" ('ng'
sound)(,"lion")(or Siha / Sinhe / Singhe / Singha/Singho/). "Siha"
, ('Sinhala') ‘Sinha+la’ ‘ ’
. "Siha" ([sh]) .
(2) 1)
‘>’ . , ,
. Shango Shan ‘( )
, ('to strike')’ , -go :,. Shango
.
Shango Changó or Xangô, Jakuta . Jakuta Yakuta
(Yakut) . .
‘-/-’ (Shango),
Saka . *skeud-"propel, shoot" ,
*skud-, *Skuda (archer), *Skula .
/(Sakhe, Sekh, Sakhem, Sekhem) (power)
, Shango,
Sekhen, "sekhem"(()"powerful one.") Shango .
()/()/ Sekhmet(
8. 6
, Sachmet, Sekmet, Sakhmet, Sakhet, Sekhet, Sacmis) Sekhem
. Sekhmet ‘ (),
’ , ‘ ’
. ,
, Sekhmet .
, Sekhmet Ptah
, Ra .
12(1991−1803 BC)
Amenemhat I(,1991−1962 BC) .
Itjtawy([i-sh-tau-wee]) . 11(2134−
1991 BC) 1 , 12
, Sekhmet .
4(2613−2498 BC) , 1
, 5(2498−2345 BC) . 5
Ra , .
,
SA.GAZ . SA.GAZ( :"
") SAG.GAZ(," ")
4 Sekhmet(,Sakhet) ‘/ (Sakhe, Sekh, Sakhem, Sekhem)’ .
BC 25 , .
,
24−23 BC.
SA.GAZ
. ,
.
.
SA.GAZ SAG.GAZ
BC 1850. 12(1991−1803 BC)
Amenemhat I( 1991−1962 BC) , Itjtawy
.
,
. SA.GAZ () ,
() .
habbtu(, ) šaggšu()
, SA.GAZ ‘ ’ .
BC 1500 BC 1069
. 20(1186−1069 BC) 3
21(1069−945 BC) . 25(732−653 BC)
. (Kassites)
3 (1531−1155 BC) . BC 1069
(Elamite) (Neo-Elamite I (ca.1100−770
BC)/Neo-Elamite II (ca. 770−646 BC)/Neo-Elamite III (646−539 BC) .
,
SA.GAZ/SAG.GAZ
SA.GAZ KU KAŠ RU( ha bi ru) .
BC 1069
.
,
(Sogdiana, Sùtè) .
BC 9 ,
BC 1069 .
, , .
SA.GAZ SAG.GAZ , BC 1069
Σκαι (Sacae)
. .
Saka (Old Persian: Sak; New Persian/Pashto: ; Sanskrit: aka;
Greek: Σκαι; Latin: Sacae; Chinese: ; pinyin: Si; Old Chinese: *Sk; Assyrian:
Iskuzai/Askuzai)
(Scythians) . :Scythians
(a)
BC 1069 .
, .
,
, (Kurgan) .
(,) 3---(1: ()
BC 9 BC 7 /2: BC
7 BC 6/3: BC 5 BC 4)---
8. 8
, BC 900 BC 600-AD 300
, AD 300−600 .
, BC 8
, (Behistun inscription,
522−486 BC) (ca.484−425 BC)
.
---(the Sak paradraya
Saka / the Sak tigraxaud Saka / the Sak haumavarg (.
) Saka / the Sak para Sugdam Saka)---
.
Scythians Auchatae, Catiaroi, Traspians Paralatae
Royal Scythians .
,
Massagetae , Araxes(
.
Araks ) ,
, .
Lipoxais, Arpoxais, Colaxais
.
‘, , , ’ , Lipoxais
, Arpoxais ,
Colaxais . ,
.
‘, , , ()’ -
, ‘()/()/()/()’
, ‘, , , ’ ,
() , ‘///’
.
. Lixopais Auchatai , Arpoxais Catiaroi and Traspians
, Colaxais Paralatai "Royal" ,
Scolotoi . Sekhmet(,Sakhet)
,
Scythians .
Scloti σχολη(scholi)
Schola(,"school", or "group"), Scholae(,"schools").
Michel Rouche , schola ()
, , ,
. 9
. Scholae ,
Scholae Palatinae .
, (Darius 1)
, () Targitaos .
.
1000 Targitaos , 1750−1500 BC ,
. ,
, Targitaos(= Targi + taos= +:
)
. Lixopais(,Auchatai ),
Arpoxais(,Catiaroi and Traspians ), Colaxais(,Paralatai "Royal" )
. ‘t-d-r-s’ ‘>th>’
, (Saka) . ‘ >’ ,
.
‘’ Shango, SA.Ga
Haplogroup C3 ‘>>, ()>()’
.
‘(Sacae)’ , ,
‘///’ . (Targitaos) ‘
’ ,
Scolotoi , . (
"Royal" lands) ,
. "Royal Dahae" .
(,)
, (Targitaos) .
Royal Dahae BC 8 ‘DahaeSaka()
Parni’ Kimmeria
.
(Amyrgians),
(Sak paradraya) . Amyrgians
, Amorges
, Sak haumavarg ,
Amyrgioi.
,
‘ Saka(,"haoma-drinking Saka")’ .
.
8. 10
"Scytho-Khotanese" "Saka" ,
.
Pashto Pamiri ,
"Scytho-Sarmatian" Alans Ossetic .
.
(b)
Sky, Saket() *sqeu-, (s)qew-:to cover,
(Saka). Sage/segan () segan
hakohanim/Sheik/Sukha . Sage ,
. segan () segan
hakohanim (Hebrew: ) .
Sheik (Arabic: sheik; ; pl. shuykh)
,
(Sufi). / Sukha ‘, ,
’(,"happiness" or "ease" or "pleasure" or "bliss.") ,
.
‘ (the Sak tigraxaud)’ . Sak tigraxaud
(Orthocorybantians) (Scythians)
. ‘ ’
.
, ,
(Phrygia) Cybele ,
Kurbantes , Corybants .
(Corybantians, Koribantians) , Cabeiri
, the Korybantes Euboioi , the Korybantes Samothrakioi , Phrygian
Korybantes . ( ) Cybele
.
‘Corybantian:’, ‘còrybántine:
; ’ ,
. , ,
. Corybantian
SA.GA, SAG.GAZ
.
.
Sai ([sa i,sa i,se ]) ,
[sk]. [sk] () ,
. ([sa i,sai,se ])
‘’
Sakestan (,"land of the Saka") Sistan .
Saka Sakastan Sogdiana
Sugda Suguda , Skuda(,"archer")
.
Saka ,
Siddhartha Shakya (BC 5) -
, (1750−500 BC) ,
akya(, "capable, able") .
,
.
Dahae Sakas (or Scythians) Bactria,
Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, Gujarat, Matura
, ‘-’ , .
.
, keta(:
Shqí) , (: Shqí) . ‘’
(Sacae, Saka) .
Sakastan (, Sistan)
‘ ’ .
5 ([xiao,xiao][gu], 166−214),
([su][gu]) ([su][gu]) . ([xiao,xiao][gu
]) ([su][gu]) , (, 346
−375) ([su][gu]) , [su][gu].
/ .
Soga() Soga no Koma (
), Soga no Karako ( ) ,
, Soga () (Saka)
, Sakai,
. () () () ()
8. 12
() , , (), (), (),
([su ][jia,gu,jia,jie]), (), , ([tia
n][fei]) . ([su ][jia ,gu ,jia ,jie ]) ,
Soga() , /
.
‘Soga’
, , Poshekhonye
Sogozha .
Chagga, Shaka ,
Shaka , Shaka (ca.
1787−ca. 1828) .
Riau Sakai 14
, Sakai
, (Senoic languages)
Sakai , Shaka sign .
. ,
‘, ’ .
2)
(Shango) ,
Pate 8 Shanga , Kebbi
Shanga . Sango .
Shanga (Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa) , Sango ,
Sangu(Chango, Isangu, Shango, Yisangou, and Yisangu) ,
Sangu(,Sango, Kisango, Kirori, Eshisango, and Rori) .
20% Sangha (also known as Sanga) ,
Sangha , 15−16 Songhay
. Sunga (187−78 BC) () Sangh
Parivar ,
.
Sangha ( sagha; sagha;
) , /(,"association", "assembly," "company" or
"community") .
sagha sangam('academy')
. sangam , .
Sangam BC 350−AD 300 ,
(BC 334) -
, -, (,AD 105−250) ,
(, Stavhana Empire(BC 230−AD 220)
.
.
Sangam .
(3) 1) (Sat)>(Jat)>(Chat)
‘>,,’ , {(hta, Hada)(uán, *u-tó-m) (Sata, Santa, Satan)} , ‘’ ‘/’ . ‘/’ ,
‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ,
‘’ .
Igbo "Chukwu" "Chukouuee"
(1.Chukwu,2.Anyanwu,3.Agbala,4.Chi−a sub-deity functioning as a personal,
spiritual guide.5.Okike) , Chi
. (Chi) (ChiChi/CheChe) ,
(Chi) ‘······’ , Chi–tah
. Chi-tah
.
Chi–tah .
‘( < ≤10:83≥
)’ .
echiche, ukucabanga, mawazo, ero, cogitatio,
Tha , Th, Sc, Cintaai, isipan, Khwm
khid, ndysh, Thought, ajatus
(consciousness):
nsh, ukwazi, Ctan, Sabhnat, Sti,
Conscientia
28.
‘()’ nsh(=n+sh) , ()
ukwazi(=u+kwazi) . echiche(e+chiche)‘Chiche’ (
[shí,zhì],pure consciousness) . Cit (,"pure
consciousness") Citta ([shí,zhì]) ,
(heartmind) .
Cit, Citta Sat ([l])(,"the ideal; true being, pure
8. 14
and true essence (nature)" , ([l])
ero(=e+ro) , ‘() ()’ .
Citta Sat , sattva(,"purity")
satya(,"truth") .
,
Siddha Siddham ‘ , ’ . Siddha Siddhi(
"perfection","accomplishment", "attainment", "success")
, Siddha, sdhu (skt sdhu, "good; good man,
holy man") . (Jain) , Siddha
. (body) ,
. Siddha-shila .
Siddhrtha Gautama Buddha
siddha(Siddhar) (Tamil Nadu (/tæml ndu/
tam-il-nah-doo) ()
. siddha siddhar sdh(,"reach one’s goal", "make
straight", or "gain power over") , cittar .
, ( Sapiens) siddha/siddhar/Chi–tah.
Siddhar , ,
. , Chi–
tah .
, Chi–tah
(cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus). "cheetah"
citrakya("variegated") '' (ct)
, Chit ( consciousness)
. (Cheeta),
Chit (," consciousness") , ‘ ’
.
(6700−5650 BC) ( Çatal
Hüyük (also Çatalhöyük) ‘
’ . . Çatal Hüyük ‘
Hüyük’ , .
(Siddha,sdhu) (Cheeta,cheetah) ,
Chad BC 7000 , ‘’
. BC 4000, BC 2000 ,
.
/
.
, . Sudan(=Su + dan) ‘ ’ .
Jeddah (Jiddah or Jedda; / dd/; Arabic: Jiddah or Jaddah, IPA: [dddæ, dæddæ]) .
Ibn Battuta(1304–1368) "Juddah" .
Jidda Island (Arabic: ) . ‘’ ,
(caitya·cetiya, "reminders" "memorials") { ()/()/
()/([zh][tí,d]) } , (, ) .
// ,
.
-(Chi–tah) (caitya), cetiya(,"reminders" or
"memorials") ,
. BC 2
, .
‘(,)’ ,
. ‘>’
shango , Glagolitic and Cyrillic Sha ( ;
italics: ) Shin(,Šin (šn) or Sheen)( : "Teeth"[ch] "Press""sharp") .
, () /Sta(,Shaddai).
Shaddai(,"sharp")(,"destroyer") () Shin(Šin, šn,
Sheen) , (God) "shadad"()(,"to
overpower" or "to destroy") Shaddai(,"destroyer") .
"El Shaddai" "God Almighty" ,
Psalm 91.1 "Shaddai" ‘ ’(,"the God of heaven")
. Shaddai (God) () .
Shaddai ‘’ ‘ ’, Anu ,
{ bêlu šad bêl šadê((), "lord of the mountain"), dúr-hur-sag-gá
sikil-a-ke, ( ), kur-za-gan ti-[la]( ) }
Amurru/Martu shadû (,"mountain"),
shadd`û shaddû`a (,"mountain-dweller") .
aos sí ( : [is i], "ees shee") aes
8. 16
sídhe([es ið], "ays sheeth-uh") (,"ays sheeth-uh" ).
Sìth ,
(fairies or elves) . W.B. Yeats aos sí "the
sídhe" (lit.: mounds) . Shaddai shadû
(,"mountain") sídhe , ,
.
.
L. R. Bailey (1968) and Jean Ouelette (1969) Bêl Šadê
l Šaddi . l Šaddi(Hebrew: , el adaj)
(God) ,
, Shaddai
.
.
“ Seth, Sata, ()
Sothis , Saturn. , Saturn
12 , . Satan .
Satan . Satanel‘ ’
, “ ” . Satanists
Esedians . , ,
. Satan .
- Sedu
(), Sedu šadid, šed , šaddai
, šed ‘, ’ . šed ,
”( ).
‘ ’
, () Sopdet
. ‘ ’ , p -t
Sopdet. Sopdet
, 6 21∼7 , 1
. Sopdet .
Sah Sopdet .
Sopdet Sah .
Sopdet Sah
, .
Sindu . Sindu
Hindu, Indós, Indus ,
. Sindu, Sindh
. Sindu .
Sindhu(, , ) sidh(, keep off)
, (šadê, shadû ;"mountain") ‘ ’ (sidh) (Šadê, shadû, Shaddai) .
, ,
. .
Sindhu (šadê, shadû ;"mountain")
‘ ’, ( thunder),
Sunda .
(Mahabharata) ,
apsara Tilottama
Sunda () Upasunda . Sunda /
.
Sunda (thunder) ,
Nath (gotra) Sunda , Jats Sunda(,
Sondreans ) . ,
, Sunda ,
Sunda (669−1579).
Sunda , (Šadê, shadû,
Shaddai) tavhana (BC 230−AD 220) . tavhana(=
ta+vhana) ta(= +ta =Sha + :) , (,Sha)
, ([sha n][gua ng]) , ta .
vhana ,
. tavhana ‘ ta ’
. :tavhana
, tavhana
450 . Andhras
. ,
,
.
8. 18
.
,
Sundaland. ,
. ‘Sunda’ ‘su(,"goodness")’ , ‘()light,
()cleanness, ([bo,e i])bright , , , ,
()white’ (,"Indonesia Miliki 1.128 Suku Bangsa" (in Indonesian).
Jawa Pos National Network. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2011.),
Sunda {Suda= Su(,"goodness") + da(; [da,ta ], [dì,de ,di])},
Sudan .
Sunda (Sundanese)
,
Urang Sunda, Suku() Sunda Orang() Sunda .
Parahyangan(, Priangan Preanger) ,
, Dieng Plateau Hyang
Plateau "hyang" Parahyangan .
,
, -(,"hyang") Dieng
Plateau Hyang Plateau .
Sunda .
‘’ , ‘>,,> Sunda’ ()
Sunda .
(Sunda Kelapa (397–1527),
Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1949), and Djakarta (1949–1972) ,
Sunda Tarumanagara Taruma (AD 358−669)
, Sunda (669−1579)
. Sunda
Sundaland Sunda
.
( 552-744; Khaganate, Türk xanlïqï) 7
(593−603) ( Onoq Western Turkic
Khaganate) ([sha,sha ][tuo] Shatuo ;shtuó tjué,
also: Shato, Sha-t'o, Sart)
. Dingling ()
, ,
3 Tiele ()
, Gaoche () or Chile () . 3
Chile() .
Dingling Chuy (Chuyue, Chumi,
Chumuhun, and Chuban ) , Chuban (Chuy, Yueban Ch. , or
Üeban, Urpen)(, "Weak Huns") .
, Sogdian . Chuyue (
Chuyue = "abode of the Moon [god]") , ‘(,Chu)’
.
"Six Chuy tribes" Chigil (Chihil, and also Jigil, Djikil, Chiyal)
7 Issyk Kul , Oghuz Turks
"Chigil" .
()(581−680, Chji-i < tšk-it < chigil) Chji-i .
,
Chigil (Shatuo,;shtuó or ;shtuó tjué, also:
Shato, Sha-t'o, Sanskrit Sart) .
Barkul On-Ok (Ten Tribes)
, ,
. 808 Chuy , Chuy
Shato (: 805−820) .
(875−883) 5 10
(923–936), (936−947), (947−951) . 13
Ongut Khorazm .
Kazakhs , Tumed
Mongols . "Chigil"
Shatuo () 8−10.
() Xueyantuo()
(Seyanto, Se-yanto, Se-Yanto) or Syr-Tardush) .
Selenga /Xueyanhe (/) Xue
() Yantuo() .
Xueyantuo, Xueyanhe, Xienianhe, Seyanto, Selenga, Selyanha, .
Xue Xinli , 7
. Xu, Sit, Seol (), Setsu,
Tit . Xueyantuo () Shatuo ()
( )/( /(
/( .
Shatuo Li ()/Zhu-Ye ()/Zhu ()/Sha-Jin ()/Sha()
8. 20
, Xueyantuo Li ()/Xie ()/Xue ()/Zhang () .
() Shatuo()
. , .
Shatuo() Sart ,
Khwarezm "Sartuul" . Khwarizm
.
, Zavkhan . Sartuul
, Sart . Sartagchinii gazar
. Sartuul Sart oolu(,"child of
Sart") , ‘Ali-Shir Nava'i (1441 –1501) "Sart Ulusi"
(Sart Ulus, i.e." Sart people") .
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (1483−1530) Fergana
Margelan "Sarts" , Andijan
. Kabul vilayat "Sarts" .
2010
,
. Sart , ,
,
. (,"Sarts") .
Khwarezm "Sartuul" ,
Sart/Shatuo () Khwarezm . Khwarezm
(/kwrzm/ or Chorasmia /kræzmi/)
.
. Khwarezm
.
Khwarezm Huvarazmish .
‘Khwar, Huvar’ ‘>,,’ –r- .
Sart/Sartuul –r- . () ‘> ,,’ .
Khwarezm . ‘>,,
’ . , Sart
Khwarezm , Bactria
‘()’ . ‘’
Sata, Satan, - Sedu
‘’ .
.
// ,
() ([su][tu]) (),
([j][d]), ([z,zi][ta]) ([z,zi][tu n])/
, . ,
tavhana (BC 230−AD 220)
. (ta) tavhana ,
, ta
(: [*]) ()
, , ()·()·
()·() .(() () 6(512) 12
) () () ‘’ .
() ([suo,sa,sha], , ()
Sa ) . ([tuo]) ()
, . ‘()’ ‘/(Šadê,
shadû, Shaddai, Siddha, sdhu)’ ,
.
([s][duo][ha n])
([sha ,sha][duo]) ([sha][zhai]
, ) ([sha][zha,zha]) . ([s][duo][ha
n]) ‘ , ’ Siddha Siddham ,
.
()
‘()’ .
() () ‘’ ,
‘’‘([sha ,sha ])’ ,
() . ([sha,sha]) , ‘·
’ ‘ ’ .
,
() "Sah", "Shaha", "Sahu", "Sav", "Sha" or "Shaw",
"sa" sdh(,"reach one's goal", "make straight", or "gain power over")
.
8. 22
‘()/()/()’ ‘([dao])’ ‘([du])’
‘()’ , ‘()/()/()’ ‘()’
, (Šadê, shadû, Shaddai/ Siddha/
sdhu) . sdh
6() (()/()/()).
8 ‘()/()/()/()/(
)’ . Siddhrtha Gautama Buddha siddhas ,
,
8 ,
(, [:-],[])[] , () ()
. , () () ) .
,
([sha][zha i] , ) ([sha][zha ,zha])
. ([zha,zha], , ) ,
, . ,
.
() () ,
. (, ?−?) (, 523−554)
, () . (, ?−
642?) () 639 .
(, ?−?) ( 600−641) . ()
( 641−660) ().
() (320−650)
. sdhu .
49(369) (),
() . () ,
(, 392−405) () ,
sdh(,"reach one's goal", "make straight", or "gain power over")
sdhu (sdhu, "good; good man, holy man") .
2),
, .
, ,
. (Santa)
, 17
.
‘’ ‘/’ .
12 25 ‘’
.
‘(savanna)’ ‘ ’ ,
savanna Arawak
,
. >,,
> . , ,
Shaba , ‘/’ Katanga(− 1972)
. ‘>’
.
‘’ .
(Luanda , Bengo , Malanje , Cuanza Norte )
Kimbundu "semba" " , ,
" . ‘>’
Semba.
Masemba(=Ma+semba) ()( "a touch of the bellies") Semba
,
,
, “()
()” .
, ‘>, , >’.
Samba , Samba (
[sb])
.
Jongo(,caxambu or tambu) . Jongo
Ndongo Kongo
, ()(,"dances of the
belly strike") . Jongo caxambu Kashamba
, "Ka" "" , Masemba(=Ma+semba=
8. 24
semba, semba).
,
Samburu .
Samburu () .
Suba , Suba Buganda ,
.
.
(Sabi) .
.(
) Sabu .
,
. Seba(,Sewa) .
‘>,,’ ‘’ () () ‘>
’ . , Sabah(-)
, .
‘>,,’ .
Giza () (Khufu/kufu/koo-foo) (4 2, 2575−2465 BC)
(Khnum-Khufu(/knumkufu/ knoom-koofoo),
Khêops Cheops ( /kips/, kee-ops; Greek: Χοψ, by Diodor and
Herodotus), Súphis ( /sufs/ soo-fis; Greek: Σοφις),
Sofe ( /sfi/ so-fe; Greek: Σοφe, by Manetho) . (Khufu) (Súphis Sofe) ,
sibrdzne(,"wisdom")
‘sophós(,"wise")/sophía(,"Wisdom")’, sapiens(,"wise")/sapientia(,"Wisdom")
. ((Khnum-Khufu) (Súphis, sofe)
.
/(1)
‘>,,>’ ‘’ . ‘(Habaiah; : )’, (
) Hebat(, Kheba Khepat ), Zababa
. ‘>,
, >’ ,
Kish Subartu(,"Subar
","Suba ").
Sargon
,
Ashur .
Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri, mât Šubarrik,
Su-bir/Subar/Šubur, Amarna Subari, Ugarit Šbr
.
Subartu Ashur
, Sistan and Baluchestan Sabu
. Darquba in the
Lankaran Rayon Sbir , Shamakhi Rayon Sabir , Shamkir
Rayon Sabirknd (also, Sabir and Sabirkend), Samukh Rayon
Nbiaal- from 2008 Samukh (also, Sabarkend, Sabir, Safarabad,
Safaraliyeb, and Safaraliyev) , (Sabar, Sabir, Safar) .
, ‘’
.(
, ,
. ,
. )
(Georgia) (sopeli) . ‘’
, ‘’, Šú-ba-ri .
, Sabir(sbr/Σβιροι/Savirs)
.
, (Dagestan)
, 461 Saragur, Urog and Unogur
, Avar Göktürks , 700
. Sabiroi ,
Khazars , Bulgars , Magyars , Chuvash
.
Chuvash Sabirs
. Sabir Suars
, 7 Pontic Volga
Oghur Turkic , Scytho-Sarmatian Sarmatian-Alan
Bulgars (also Bolgars, Bulghars, Huno-Bulgars) .
Volga Bulgaria Suar Suwar , (Su-bir/Subar/Šubur) .
. Chuvash Sabir
, - (Sabir)
.
8. 26
2000 Sintashta ,
,
.
.
‘(Siberia)’ ,
Bardejov Šiba
iva ,
. 1
() (Suebi, Suevi)
. Suebi
() *sw-(,"one's own") > *swbaz(, , "one's own"
people) , (Sapiens) .
,
(Sheba )(Ge'ez: , Saba, Arabic: ,
Sab, South Arabian, Hebrew: , Še, also referred to as the People of Tubba',
Arabic ) (BC 1000− ) . BC 10
.
, .
, AD 6
,
.
Sabaeans Sabeans (Arabic:
as-Saba’iyn) . Sbi'na
saba’a
, Sbi'(,"proselyte" ) ,
as-Sbi'n Sbi' . () Sbi'
, ,
. as-Saba’iyn , ,
.
(Shiva <<:
) ,
, -
.
Siba
(princely state) ,
(Kyrgyzstan) Osh Alay Sopu-Korgon , BC 4
() (
[su ][pí]) .
BC 1−
AD 6 ( Xinbi: Hsien-pei<)
6−10 (Shihwei, <<) . ‘’
‘’, ‘’ ‘’ . ()
. ()
,
.
, Sibu,
Subic, Cebu (Cebuano: Sugbo), Savu(,Sabu), Seba ,
Shibuya ( Shibuya-ku), (),
(, [sha,sha ][fu ]), ([xu][fa,fa ])
. (Suva), Saba , .
‘()/
()’ , () ‘ ’, ‘’ .
(:, , )
(sophía"(Wisdom)") ([shuo,shuì,yue][po]) ([shuo
,shuì,yue][fa,fa,fa ]) .
. [sabasaba]( :
) . .
sabh(,"hall") ,
(assembly, congregation, or council)
. Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha
. · (Prakrit) sabh sah
. ‘b>f>h’ ‘sabh>safh>sahh>sah’ .
Su-bir/Subar/Šubur () ,
Šú-ba-ri () .
, .
() () ([shu ][fu][ha n])
‘()/()/()’ . [shu ][fu]
, sophía, sapientia, sibrdzne
8. 28
.
, .
2),
‘,,’ .
. Sumbawanga ( ) ,
() (Sumba)()/Soemba ,
( Sonnebay, Sonba’I, Sonbait) 17 1950
.
‘, , ’ . . Savanes (,
Togo ), Savanes(,Côte d'Ivoire 19 ), Šipan(,
), Mount Sipan(, Van ), Sipan(,Armenia), Sipán(,Spain),
Savanh Nakhone/ Savannakhét (,"city of paradise" or "land of fertility suitable for
agriculture", ()), Sepon(,
.100,000∼12,000 . BC 2000
.Sikhottabong ), Xépôn(,Tchepone and Sepon
Savannakhet Sepone , Sepon Banghiang
), Sepon (Vietnamese: Sông Xê-pôn, Lao: Se Pon)
Qung Tr Lao Bo ), Nakhon Sawan(, a city in
Thailand, Savanh Nakhone ), .
Nakhon Sawan "Nakhon" Nagara(,"city"), "Sawan"
svarga(,"heaven") ‘ ’(City Heaven,Heavenly City)
, Savanh Nakhone/ Savannakhét/ Xépôn , "Sawan"
‘Xépôn>Sepon>Savanh>Sawan’ , ‘/’
, ‘ ()’.
Japan (Saipan) . BC
2000 , Mount
Tapochau(480 m) ,
, Sepon , BC 2000
/ .
(Saipan) AD 100 El Señor de Sipán
(, "Lord of Sipán") . Sipán Zaña
.
Sipán AD 100 ,
. (Spain)
, Spain , (Sipán)
.
(, )
(Sabantuy, : , : , : ,
: ) , ‘’
"" "" , ‘’ "", "" .
Mount Sipan(, Van ), Sipan(,Armenia)
.
(5) 1)
‘>,,>,,’ ‘’ ‘,
’ , (saqa-saha) .
‘>’
‘Sasha Zamani’. ‘Sasha Zamani’ ‘ ’
. ,
,
‘Sasha Zamani’
. Sasha ‘· · ’ , Zamani ‘
’. Sasha () , Zamani
() .
Sasha
, . 6 1 () .
Zamani ,
. .
Sasha Zamani ,
, ,
.
Sasha
Shesha (, ea). i
, , .
(Saša) () ,
Satyana([SAHT-ya-na],"truth, true") .
Sasha .
Sasha .
Sasha(/sæ/ SASH- /s/ SAH-sh )‘ , , ,
, ’ , (Russian, Serbian), (Bulgarian),
(Macedonian), Saša (Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Lithuanian), Sasza
(Polish), (Ukrainian), Sascha (German), Sasja (Dutch and Swedish), and
Sacha (French) , ·
8. 30
Satyana .
Sasha Saša
Gul Ses (Gul-Shesh; Gulshesh;
Gul-ashshesh) (,Ses, Shesh, ashshesh) ,
. "Shesh" Tuareg
(Tagelmust) . Tagelmust ,
() , (,"Shesh") .
‘’ Sosa( ) Sousa ( [soz]) , Susa (/sus/; Persian: Shush [u]; Greek: Σοσα [su
sa]; Syriac: Shush; Old Persian Çš-; Hebrew Shushn)
, Zealand Suså Suså (Municipality) .
.
([suo,sa,sha ][su ]) ([x][shu
]), (), ()
.
Sasha ,
Susa . () (Sosa) .
Sasa .
,
. Sasa "Talofa" (greetings)
, "Tofa" (farewell) . "Talofa"
"Tofa" . ,
Sasa.
2)
, ,
( 13∼16) (Samson (/sæmsn/; Hebrew: , Modern
Shimshon Tiberian Šimšôn, meaning "man of the sun"),Shamshoun (Arabic: Shamshn/Šamšn), or Sampson (Greek: Σαμψν) ,
(Ssnian, Sssnian, Ssnid) ‘’ ‘’ .
(6) 1)
‘’ ‘>>’ (,
) ‘>, , >’ ,
, , .
>>
, ‘’
Sari(, or saree). sari ,
(,"strip of cloth"), -
s s , Sattika .
BC 2 ,
. Sari(,Satiika)
(, ) .
/sari(, saree) Sattika
Koteka . Satiika Koteka , ‘> (), (Koteka), (Satiika)’ .
( ) ‘(Satiika)’
sari,
Kaupinam(,kaupina) langot .
sarong sarung ,
. ‘>(), (Koteka), (Satiika)’
‘ (Xata)/ (Katag)/ ()’
, .
suriyah
. thawb thobe (Arabic:
,(kandrah / ) kandura ,(dishdshah / ) ALA-LC: thawb), dishdasha /
suriyah . suriyah (, srah. sura,
surat) aš-ši‘r or ash-shira( ; the leader),
Ashur (also, Assur, Aššur; written A-šur, also Aš-šùr)
, ‘suri/sura’
, .
8. 32
(, ) >,,> >Z-H-R :to shine, give light)
Hilafet, khilfa, Acharya, ZAHR(
ZARR)/Suri, (tsar, tzar, czar) . (,)
(šùr, šur, shur).
Ashur (2334−2154
BC), Assyria Athura , Subartu . Assur/Ashur (
: Aššryu; : Aur; : Aššûr; : šr)(also, Assur, Aššur; written A-šur, also Aš-šùr)
, Aššryu(=Aš+šryu) , (šryu,
Surya (Devanagari: Srya, "the Supreme Light, )
.
Ashur Subartu(,Subir) , ‘(Su-bir)> (Suvir)>(Suwar)>(Suar, Sar, Sur)’ (,
)‘>’ , ‘(šùr, šur, shur)’
. (šùr, šur, shur)
,
.
Zara , Sara Suri
. - Zara Suri/Sura , Suri Rig
Veda , ‘ (seer)’
Acharya(=A:+ "char" or "charya" /"conduct")
, - Zara . "char"
‘(Tsar, Tzar, and Czar)’ suri
, .
Suri ()
. ( ()
.) Suri
, .
Suri
, Surya
Suri . Afghan
, Pashtun .
Suri , 114
() , Sura ( "Surah" srah, plural "Suar" )
. Sharia (Arabic: šarah, IPA: [aria], "legislation"; sp. shariah,
sharah; also qnn Islm) . Sharia
aš-ši‘r or ash-shira( ; the leader).
‘’ , ‘’ .
Haplogroup R1b Hausa
, ‘’
() (Sara) , ‘
’ .
, Sao ,
.
Dakar
Serer (,"Sérère", "Sereer", "Serere", "Seereer", "Seex" or
"Sine-Sine") . Saloum Sine(Maad Saloum
Mbegan Ndour) , Mbey
Saloum(,Saluum) (1494−1969) .
Serer , Serer Cangin
. Serer
. "Serer",
. Issa Laye Thiaw ,
.
: Serer Wolof reer (,"misplaced") ,
.
: Serer Wolof seer reer ‘ ’.
: seereer sahir (
).
: Pulaar sererabe ‘, , ’ .
, "Serer" ‘
’, "Serer" .
"Serer" .
(coos) , Serer Chere (also "Chereh" ) .
() , "Chere" Shere Sere , ‘
’ (()/ ≤:7≥/ ≤:18
≥) Serer Chere "Serer-N'Diéghem"
. chere Acharya=A:+ "char" or
8. 34
.
Serr , Serr suriyah
, Serr .
Sarr ,
Serr/Sarr , sir([sr () sr]) .
"Serer", - Sura/Suri, ‘
’ Sarah or Sara (/sr/; Hebrew: , Modern Sara Tiberian
r ISO 259-3 arra; Latin: Sara; Arabic: or Sra;),
(), ‘’, (), ()
, ()([]),[],[],[]),
(, sirghe) ‘/’
, (, head) ()
Haplogroup R1b .
Balochi , ‘’
Balochistan .
‘’ Sonora Seri
, .
, . ‘Apache
Yaqui ’
, .
Seri
, Comcaac(:/kom'kk/,[kokk]) Cmiique(:/'kmi
k/),[kwk]) . ‘+ ’ ‘+’ ‘+’
, (con ca'i:) .
‘’ 12,000−15,000
, . Cmiique(:/'kmi
k/),[kwk]) ,
Haplogroup C3−M217 .
Haplogroup C-M217 Seri
. ‘Seri’ ,
15,000 "",
"", "()"
. (Seri) (Seri, , )
, Seri Sonora ,
,
, 12.
− .
Haplogroup C-M217 7,100−16,700
... C-P39 Na-Dené ...
haplogroup C-M217 16.5%
. wikipedia:Haplogroup C-M217
"Sonora" (Sonora Island, one of the Discovery Islands
in British Columbia, Canada /Sonora, Nova Scotia, Canada), (Sonora, California,
a city / Sonora, Kentucky, a city), (Sonora, Mato Grosso do Sul, a town in
Brazil) , Haplogroup Q3 .
(Seris) Sonora
Clovis (The oldest Clovis site in North America is believed
to be El Fin del Mundo in northwestern Sonora, Mexico,). Montana 12,600
Anzick boy (, Anzick-1, 12,556−12,707 BP) mtDNA haplogroup D4h3a
, Y-chromosome haplogroup Q-L54*(xM3). 12,900−
13,200
‘Sonora’ .
, Haplogroup Q
.
Haplogroup Q-254,
([xiao][nu]) . () ()
([na,na,na ,nai]) . Sonora –ra ‘()’ ‘
()’ , Haplogroup Q Sono(ra) 5
(,) .
{([xia o][nu]), ‘()/
8. 36
()’, ‘()/()’} ([xiao][nu
]) ‘([shun])/([huan])/([guan])([gua n])’ ‘>,,’
‘/’ ‘([hua n]),([gua n]),([shu n])’ ,
‘’. 5 ‘’ ,
([xiong][nu]) .
([xiong][nu]) ([xiao][nu ]) ,
, ‘’ .
:Xiongnu :Xionites
BC 3−AD 460
, ‘’. 460
()/(XionitesChionites Chionitae)
, ‘//’ .
Haplogroup Q . ,
Haplogroup R1b , Haplogroup Q3 Haplogroup
R1b . Sonora ,
‘’ .
‘’ (11,000−25,000 )
.
‘’, ‘’ Haplogroup C3
Haplogroup Q3 ,
(Navajo) () Dinétah. Dinétah ,
, (Utah) , .
Sonora .
Sierra (County) Sonora
Colorado (Gila)
. Gila (/hil/; O'odham [Pima]: Keli Akimel or simply
Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siil) Yuma Hah-quah-sa-eel(,"running water which is
salty") Hah-quah ‘’, Quechan Haa ‘()’ .
himdag(, sometimes
rendered in English as Him-dak) . himdag ‘/’
. (himdag) ‘’ “ , ‘
’ ”, (himdag)
Himba ‘Himba’ . (himdag)
Haplogroup C3 . 2.
mtDNA 12,000−15,000 BP
.
2)
serem (,"bring forth," serim "be born"),
Sarang(,,"nest") ,
. Saran(, Kazakhstan), Saransk(, Russia), Saran (, Bihar, India), Saran(,
Iran), Sárán(, the Hungarian name for erani village, Borod Commune, Bihor
County, Romania), (Salon:, ), ‘’ .
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, and
Ukraine.) sela (plural of selo), Selo , 100
selo()/syola()selo .
()()()()()()
(()113) (/)
‘’ , ‘’ .
.
