255

8. REFERENCES

1. Goyal AK, Arora S (editors). India’s Fourth National Report to the Convention

on Biological Diversity, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of

India, New Delhi, 2009, pp 1-54.

2. Correa CM. Protection of traditional systems of medicine, patenting and

promotion of medicinal plants. In: Chaudhury RR, Rafei UM (editors).

Traditional Medicine in Asia. World Health Organization, New Delhi, 2001,

pp 227-236.

3. Patwardhan B, Vaidya ADB, Mukund Chorghade M. Ayurveda and natural

products drug discovery. Current Science, 86, 2004, pp. 789-799.

4. Koehn FE, Carter GT. The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4, 2005, pp. 207-225.

5. Sen S, Chakraborty R, De B. Challenges and opportunities in the advancement

of herbal medicine: India’s position and role in a global context. Journal of

Herbal Medicine, 1, 2011, pp. 67-75.

6. Jachak SM, Saklani A. Challenges and opportunities in drug discovery from

plants. Current Science, 92, 2007, pp. 1251-1257.

7. Government of Tripura. Tripura: at a glance. Available on:

http://tripura.nic.in/portal/aboutTripura/KnowTripura.aspx, 2012, accessed on

15/07/2012.

8. Tripurainfo. Profile of the state. Available on:

http://www.tripurainfo.in/Admin/ATripura/ProfileO.aspx, 2012, accessed on

15/07/2012.

256

9. Forest Survey of India. India State of Forest Report 2011. Forest Survey of

India (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India), Dehradun, 2011,

pp. 225-229

10. Department of Forest, Government of Tripura. Resource base. Available on:

http://tripuraforest.nic.in/ResourceBase.htm, 2012, accessed on 15/07/2012.

11. Kshirsagar R, Upadhyay S. Free radical scavenging activity screening of

medicinal plants from Tripura, Northeast India. Natural Product Radiance, 8,

2009, pp. 117-122.

12. Govt of India. Provisional population total - 2011. Available on:

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-

results/paper2/data_files/tripura/paper%202-Data%20Sheet.pdf, 2012,

accessed on 15/07/2012.

13. Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, Sen S. North-east India an ethnic storehouse

of unexplored medicinal plants. Journal of Natural Product & Plant Resources,

2, 2012, pp. 143-152.

14. De B, Debbarma T, Sen S, Chakraborty R. Tribal life in the environment and

biodiversity of Tripura, India. Current World Environment, 5, 2010, pp. 59-66.

15. Gundimeda H, Sanyal S, Sinha R, Sukhdev P. The value of biodiversity in

India’s forests, Green Accounting for Indian States Project (Monograph 4).

The Energy and Resources Institute Press, New Delhi, 2006, pp. 1-41.

16. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 3rd

edn.

Oxford University Press, New York, 1999, pp 10-121.

17. Sen S, Chakraborty R. The role of antioxidants in human health. In: Silvana A,

Hepel M (editors). Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy.

American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 2011, pp. 1–37.

257

18. Sen S, Chakraborty R, Sridhar C, Reddy YSR, De B. Free radicals,

antioxidants, diseases and phytomedicines: current status and future prospect.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3,

2010, pp. 91-100.

19. Fang Y, Yang S, Wu G. Free radicals, antioxidant and nutrition. Nutrition, 18,

2002, pp. 872-879.

20. Percival M. Antioxidants. Clinical Nutrition Insights, 1998 (NUT031 1/96 Rev.

10/98), pp 1-4. http://www.acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF, accessed April 2,

2011.

21. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J. Free

radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease.

International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39, 2007, pp. 44–84.

22. Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease

and Health. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4, 2008, pp. 89-96.

23. Li H, Zhang M, Ma G. Radical scavenging activity of flavonoids from Trollius

chinensis Bunge. Nutrition, 27, 2011, pp. 1061–1065.

24. Wintola OA, Afolayan AJ. Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant

activities of the whole leaf extract of Aloe ferox Mill. Pharmacognosy

Magazine, 7, 2011, pp. 325-333.

25. Gan D (editor). International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 3rd

edn.

International Diabetes Federation, Belgium, 2006. pp 7-11.

26. Dey L, Attele AS, Yuan C. Alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes.

Alternative Medicine Review, 7, 2002, 45-58.

258

27. Tapp R, Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Complications of Diabetes. In: Gan D

(editor). International Diabetes Federation Diabetes atlas, 3rd

ed. International

Diabetes Federation, Belgium, 2006. pp 111-115.

28. Scobie IN. Atlas of Diabetes Mellitus. 3rd

edn. Informa Healthcare, 2007, pp.

1-6.

29. Ramachandran A, Ma RCW, Snehalatha C. Diabetes in Asia. Lancet, 375,

2010, pp. 408-418.

30. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King G. Global prevalence of diabetes.

Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27, 2004,

pp. 1047-1052.

31. Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Prevalence and projections. In: Gan D (editor).

International Diabetes Federation Diabetes atlas, 3rd

edn. International Diabetes

Federation, Belgium, 2006, pp 16-104.

32. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 5th

edn. Available from

http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas, accessed on 25 March 2012.

33. Brown JB, Vistisen D, Sicree R, Shaw J, Nichols G, Zhang P. Economic

impacts of diabetes. In: Gan D (editor). Diabetes Atlas, 3rd

edn. International

Diabetes Federation, Belgium, 2006, pp 237-266.

34. Gupta R, Misra A. Type 2 diabetes in India: regional disparities. British

Journal Diabetes & Vascular Disease, 7, 2007, pp. 12-16.

35. Weaver LJ, Narayan KM. Reconsidering the history of type 2 diabetes in India:

emerging or re-emerging disease? National Medical Journal of India, 21, 2008,

pp. 288-291.

36. Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th

edn. Jaypee Brothers

Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008, pp 254-274.

259

37. Davis SN. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the

endocrine pancreas. In, Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL (editors). Goodman &

Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 11th ed, McGraw-Hill,

New York, 2006, pp. 1613-1688.

38. Mohan H. Text Book of Pathalogy, 4th

edn. Jaypee Brothers Medical

Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 65-121.

39. Notkins AL. Immunological and genetic factors in Type 1 diabetes. Journal of

Biological Chemistry, 277, 2002, pp. 43545-43548.

40. World Health Organization. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and

intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation. WHO

Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006, pp 1-38.

41. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes

mellitus. Diabetes Care, 27 (supply 1), 2004, pp. S5-S10

42. Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of

the rat pancreas. Physiology Research, 50, 2001, pp. 536-546.

43. Rohilla A, Ali S. Alloxan induced diabetes: mechanisms and effects.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences,

3, 2012, pp. 819-823.

44. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th

edn.

John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, 2009, pp. 922-967 & 1018-1053.

45. Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P. Anatomy and Physiology, 6th

edn.

McGraw−Hill, New York, 2004, pp. 860-905.

46. Premkumar K. The Massage Connection, Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd

edn.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2004. pp. 575-625.

260

47. Sherwood L. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems, 7th

edn. Yolanda

Cossio, Australia, 2010, pp. 511-555 & 589-637.

48. Batura A. Drug and alcohol induced nephrotoxicity. Karolinska Institutet,

Stockholm, 2008, pp 1-12.

49. Highleyman L, Franciscus A. An introduction to the liver (HCSP Support

Project Fact Sheet). HCSP, version 4, March 2012 pp 1-4. Available on:

www.hcvadvocate.org.

50. Liddle C, Stedman CAM. In: Rodes J, Benhamou J, Blei AT, Reichen J,

Rizzetto M. Textbook of Hepatology: from Basic Science to Clinical Practice,

3rd

edn. Blackwell Publishing, USA, 2007, pp 241-249

51. Akindele AJ, Ezenwanebe KO, Anunobi CC, Adeyemi OO. Hepatoprotective

and in vivo antioxidant effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum. and Thonn.

(Connaraceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 129, 2010, pp. 46-52.

52. Kumar G, Banu GS, Pappa PV, Sundararajan M, Pandian MR.

Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portulacastrum L. against

paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in albino rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 92, 2004, pp. 37-40.

53. Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research. Report to the Nation Improving

Public Health Through Human Drugs. US Department of Health and Human

Services. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and

Research, Maryland, 2005, pp. 35-50.

54. Farmer AD, Brind A. Drug-induced liver injury. Medicine, 39, 2011, pp. 536-

540.

55. Thanavaro JL. An overview of drug-induced liver injury. The Journal for

Nurse Practitioners, 7, 2011, pp. 819- 826

261

56. Chau T. Drug-induced liver injury: An update. The Hong Kong Medical Diary,

13, 2008, pp. 23-26.

57. Russmann S, Kullak-Ublick GA, Grattagliano I. Current concepts of

mechanisms in drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 16,

2009, pp. 3041-3053.

58. Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Practical guidelines for diagnosis and early management

of drug-induced liver injury. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14, 2008, pp.

6774-6785.

59. Navarro VJ, Senior JR. Drug-related hepatotoxicity. New England Journal of

Medicine, 354, 2006, pp. 731-739.

60. Dey CP. Alcohol and the liver. Medicine, 30, 2002, pp. 18-20.

61. Forrest E, Reed E. Alcohol and the liver, 39, 2011, pp. 532-535.

62. Lieber CS. Alcohol, liver injury and protein metabolism. Pharmacology

Biochemistry & Behavior, 13, 1980, pp. 17-30.

63. Mandrekar P, Szabo G. Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver

inflammation. Journal of Hepatology, 50, 2009, pp. 1258-1266.

64. Singh A, Tej K Bhat TK, Sharma OP. Clinical Biochemistry of Hepatotoxicity.

Journal of Clinical Toxicology, S4, 2011, pp. 1-19.

65. World Health Organisation. Principles and methods for the assessment of

nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals (Environmental health

criteria 119). World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991, pp. 1-226. Available

on: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc119.htm

66. Anzai N, Endou H. Renal drug transporters and nephrotoxicity. AATEX-

Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, 14, 2008, pp. 447-

452.

262

67. Berndt WO. The role of transport in chemical nephrotoxicity. Toxicologic

Pathology, 26, 1998, 52-57.

68. Singh NP, Ganguli A, Prakash A. Drug-induced Kidney Diseases. Journal of

the Association of Physicians of India, 51, 2003, pp. 970-979.

69. Naughton C. Drug induced nephrotoxicity. American Family Physician, 78,

2008, pp. 743-750.

70. Pannu N, Nadim MK. An overview of drug-induced acute kidney injury.

Critical Care Medicine, 36, 2008, pp. S216-S223.

71. Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM, King CH, Pearce EJ, Jacobson J. Helminth

infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. Journal of Clinical

Investigation, 118, 2008, pp. 1311-1321.

72. Wakelin D. Helminths: pathogenesis and defenses. In Baron S, editor. Medical

Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical

Branch at Galveston; 1996. Available from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/

73. Castro GA. Helminths: structure, classification, growth, and development. In

Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX):

University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Available from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/

74. Horton J. Human gastrointestinal Helminth infections: are they now neglected

diseases? Trends in Parasitology, 19, 2003, pp. 527-531.

75. Brown M, Intestinal helminths. Medicine, 33, 2005, pp. 54-57.

76. Klion AD, Nutman TB. Immunity to parasitic worms. Encyclopedia of Life

Science, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, pp. 1-8 (DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0000482).

263

77. Helmby H, 2009. Helminths and our immune system: Friend or foe?

Parasitology International, 58, 2009, pp. 121-127.

78. Anthony RM, Rutitzky LI, Urban JF Jr., Stadecker MJ, Gause WC. Protective

immune mechanisms in helminth infection. Nature Reviews, 7, 2007, pp. 975-

987.

79. Majumdar M, Saha R, Datta BK, Bhakta T. Medicinal plants prescribed by

different tribal and non-tribal medicine man of Tripura state. Indian Journal of

Traditional Knowledge, 5, 2006, pp. 559-562.

80. Sankaran S, Prakash J, Sing NP, Suklabaidya A. Wild edible fruits of Tripura.

Natural Product Radiance, 5, 2006, pp. 302-305.

81. Majumdar K, Datta BK, A study on ethnomedicinal usage of plants among the

folklore herbalist and Tripuri medical practioners: part II. Natural Product

Radiance, 6, 2007, pp. 66-73.

82. Das HB, Majumdar K, Datta BK, Ray D. Ethanobotanical uses of some plants

by Tripuri and Reang tribes of Tripura. Natural Product Radiance, 8, 2009, pp.

172-180.

83. Shil S, Choudhury MD. Ethnomedicinal importance of pteridophytes used by

Reang tribe of Tripura, North East India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 13, 2009, pp.

634-643.

84. Shil S, Choudhury MD. Indigenous knowledge on healthcare practices by the

Reang tribe of Dhalai district of Tripura, North East India. Ethnobotanical

Leaflets, 13, 2009b, pp. 775-790.

85. Das SC, Deb AK, Prabhu T. Medicinal plants and traditional health care knowledge of

Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Lusai, Halam, Mog, Chakma and others Tribes of Tripura,

India. An International Conference on Challenging and Emerging Dimensions in

264

Medicinal/Herbal Plants and their Products: A Global Perspective, Chennai Trade

Centre, Chennai, 26-28th November, 2010.

86. Das SC, Prakash J, Deb AK, Medicinal value of under exploited fruits in Tripura. An

International Conference on Challenging and Emerging Dimensions in

Medicinal/Herbal Plants and their Products: A Global Perspective, Chennai Trade

Centre, Chennai, 26-28th November, 2010.

87. Das S, Duttachoudhury M. Plants used against gastro-intestinal disorders and as anti

hemorrhagic by three tribes of North Tripura district, Tripura, India: a report.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14, 2010, pp. 467-478.

88. Choudhury R, Dattachoudhury M, De B, Paul SB. Importance of certain tribal edible

plants of Tripura. Indian Journal Traditional Knowledge, 9, 2010, pp. 300-302.

89. Chakraborty N. Tripurar Upakari Agacha (in Bengali). Gyan Bichitra Prakashani,

Agartala, 2003).

90. Chakraborty N, Tripurar Bheshaja Udvid (in Bengali). Gyan Bichitra Prakashani,

Agartala, 2009.

91. Nair DD, Gupta AK, Das HB, Chakraborti A. Medicinal Plants of Tripura. Concept

Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2009, pp. 1-203.

92. Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI. Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro

antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium DC.

BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 10 (May), 2010, pp. 1-8.

93. Nagulendran KR, Velavan S, Mahesh R, Begum H. In vitro antioxidant activity

and total polyphenolic content of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. E-Journal of

Chemistry, 4, 2007, pp. 440-449.

94. Asokkumar K, Umamaheswari M, Baharudeen A, Sivashanmugam AT,

Subhadradevi V, Tavi TK. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the

265

fractions of Ficus microcarpa using in vitro and ex vivo models. Functional

Plant Science and Biotechnology, 4 (spl issue), 2010, pp. 17-27.

95. Yen G, Lai H, Chou H. Nitric oxide-scavenging and antioxidant effects of

Uraria crinita root. Food Chemistry, 74, 2001, pp. 471-478.

96. Bozin B, Mimica-Duki N, Samojlik I, Goran A, Igic R. Phenolics as

antioxidants in garlic (Allium sativum L., Alliaceae). Food Chemistry, 111,

2008, pp.925-929.

97. Coulibaly AY, Sombie PAED, Tibiri A, Kiendrebeogo M, Compaore MMY,

Nacoulma OG. Protective effect of Scoparia dulcis on brain and erythrocytes.

Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3, 2011, pp. 254-261.

98. Harlalka GV, Patil CR, Patil MR. Protective effect of Kalanchoe pinnata pers.

(Cressulaceae) on gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Indian Journal of

Pharmacology, 39, 2007, pp. 201–205

99. Tai Z, Cai L, Dai L, Dong L, Wang M, Yang Y, Cao Q, Ding Z. Antioxidant

activity and chemical constituents of edible flower of Sophora viciifolia. Food

Chemistry, 126, 2011, pp. 1648-1654.

100. Sakanaka S, Tachibana Y, Okada Y. Preparation and antioxidant properties of

extracts of Japanese persimmon leaf tea (kakinoha-cha). Food Chemistry, 89,

2005, pp. 569-575

101. Rumbaoa RGO, Cornago DF, Geronimo IM. Phenolic content and antioxidant

capacity of Philippine potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. Journal of Food

Composition and Analysis, 22, 2009, pp. 546-550.

102. Su X, Wang Z, Liu J. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Pinus

koraiensis seed extract containing phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry, 117,

2009, pp. 681-686.

266

103. Liu Q, Yao H. Antioxidant activities of barley seeds extracts. Food Chemistry,

102, 2007, pp. 732-737.

104. Gulcin I. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid).

Toxicology, 217, 2006, pp. 213–220.

105. Pal J, Ganguli S, Tahsin KS, Acharya K. In vitro free radical scavenging

activity of wild edible mushroom Pleurotus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47, 2010, pp. 1210-1218.

106. Ozyurek M, Bektasoglu B, Guclu K, Apak R. Hydroxyl radical scavenging

assay of phenolics and flavonoids with a modified cupric reducing antioxidant

capacity (CUPRAC) method using catalase for hydrogen peroxide degradation.

Analytica Chimica Acta, 616, 2008, pp. 196–206.

107. Sindhu ER, Preethi KC, Kuttan R. Antioxidant activity of carotenoid lutein in

vitro and in vivo. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48, 2010, pp. 843-

848.

108. Malomo SO, Ore A, Yakubu MT. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of

the aqueous extract of Celosia argentea leaves. Indian Journal of

Pharmacology, 43, 2011, pp. 278-285.

109. Firdous AP, Sindhu ER, Kuttan R. Hepato-protective potential of carotenoid

meso-zeaxanthin against paracetamol, CCl4 and ethanol induced toxicity.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 49, 2011, pp. 44-49.

110. Krishnakumar NM, Latha PG, Suja SR, Shine VJ, Shyamal S, Anuja GI, Sini

S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Unni PK, Rajasekharan S. Hepatoprotective effect of

Hibiscus hispidissimus Griffith, ethanolic extract in paracetamol and CCl4

induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,

46, 2008, pp. 653-659.

267

111. Singh A, Handa SS. Hepatoprotective activity of Apium graveolens and

Hygrophila auriculata against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in

rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 49, 1995, pp. 119-126.

112. Manokaran S, Jaswanth A, Sengottuvelu S, Nandhakumar J, Duraisamy R,

Karthikeyan D and Mallegaswari R. Hepatoprotective activity of Aerva lanata

Linn. against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Research Journal of

Pharmacy and Technology, 1, 2008, pp. 398-400.

113. Surendran S, Eswaran MB, Vijayakumar M, Rao CV. In vitro and in vivo

hepatoprotective activity of Cissampelos pareira against carbon-tetrachloride

induced hepatic damage. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 49, 2011, pp.

939-945.

114. Naaz F, Javed S, Abdin MZ. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in

mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113, 2007, pp. 503-509.

115. Yen F, Wu T, Lin L, Lin C. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of

Cuscuta chinensis against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111, 2007, pp. 123-128.

116. Setty SR, Quereshi AA, Swamy AHMV, Patil T, Prakash T, Prabhu K, Gouda

AV. Hepatoprotective activity of Calotropis procera flowers against

paracetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Fitoterapia, 78, 2007, pp. 451-454.

117. Shi Y, Sun J, He H, Guo H, Zhang S. Hepatoprotective effects of Ganoderma

lucidum peptides against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Journal

of Ethnopharmacology, 117, 2008, pp. 415-419.

268

118. Khatri A, Garg A, Agrawal SS. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial

parts of Tephrosia purpurea L. and stem bark of Tecomella undulate. Journal

of Ethnopharmacology, 122, 2009, pp. 1-5.

119. Olaleye MT, Akinmoladun AC, Ogunboye AA, Akindahunsi AA. Antioxidant

activity and hepatoprotective property of leaf extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa

Linn against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats. Food and Chemical

Toxicology, 48, 2010, pp. 2200-2205.

120. Yuan H, Jin G, Piao G. Hepatoprotective effects of an active part from

Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127, 2010, pp. 528-533.

121. Hegde K, Joshi AB. Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root

extracts against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative stress. Indian

Journal of Experimental Biology, 47, 2009, pp. 660-667.

122. Gujrati V, Patel N, Rao VN, Nandakumar K, Gouda TS, Shalam M, Kumar

SMS. Hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Tylophora

indica (Linn.) in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 39, 2007, pp. 43-47.

123. Tandon VR, Khajuria V, Kapoor B, Kour D, Gupta S. Hepatoprotective

activity of Vitex negundo leaf extract against anti-tubercular drugs induced

hepatotoxicity. Fitoterapia, 79, 2008, 533-538.

124. Hung Y, Huang GS, Lin L, Hong M, Se P. Thea sinensis melanin prevents

cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45,

2007, 1123-1130.

125. Nitha B, Janardhanan K. Aqueous-ethanolic extract of morel mushroom

mycelium Morchella esculenta, protects cisplatin and gentamicin induced

269

nephrotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2008, pp. 3193-

3199.

126. Fouad AA, Morsy MA, Gomaa W, Protective effect of carnosine against

cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Environmental Toxicology and

Pharmacology, 25, 2008, pp. 292-297

127. Parameshappa B, Basha MSA, Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kumar GV, Sagar GV,

Sowmya L, Raju KK, Kumar PKRSK, Kumari AVSML. Acetaminophen -

induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum.

Pharmaceutical Biology, 50, 2012, pp. 247-253.

128. Khan SA, Priyamvada S, Khan W, Khan S, Farooq F, Yusufi ANK. Studies on

the protective effect of green tea against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

Pharmacological Research, 60, 2009, pp. 382-391.

129. Wongmekiat O, Leelarugrayub N, Thamprasert K. Beneficial effect of shallot

(Allium ascalonicum L.) extract on cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in rats. Food

and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2008, pp. 1844-1850.

130. Mansour MA, Mostafa AM, Nagi MN, Khattab MM, Al-Shabanah OA.

Protective effect of aminoguanidine against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin

in normal rats. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 132, 2002,

pp. 123-128.

131. Mohan M, Kamble S, Gadhi P, Kasture S. Protective effect of Solanum torvum

on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology,

48, 2010, pp. 436-440

132. Adeneye AA, Benebo AS. Protective effect of the aqueous leaf and seed extract

of Phyllanthus amarus on gentamicin and acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxic

rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118, 2008, pp. 318-323

270

133. Oktem F, Arslan MK, Ozguner F, Candir O, Yilmaz HR, Ciris M, Uz E. In vivo

evidences suggesting the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of

vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity: protection by erdosteine. Toxicology,

215, 2005, pp. 227-233

134. Hsu D, Wan C, Hsu H, Lin Y, Liu M. The prophylactic protective effect of

sesamol against ferric–nitrilotriacetate-induced acute renal injury in mice. Food

and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2008, pp. 2736-2741.

135. Parveen K, Khan MR, Siddiqui WA. Pycnogenol® prevents potassium

dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-induced oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Chemico-Biological Interactions, 181, 2009, pp. 343-350

136. Kuriakose GC, Kurup MG. Effects of Aulosira fertilisima against cisplatin-

induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Renal Failure, 32, 2010, pp.

224-233.

137. Kim M, Yang HN, Kim H, Jo S, Cho W, Kim H. IL-10 mediates rosiglitazone-

induced kidney protection in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Journal of Korean

Medical Science, 25, 2010, pp. 557-563.

138. Onomi S, Okazaki Y, Katayama T. Effects of dietary level of phytic acid on

hepatic and serum lipid status in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Bioscience

Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 68, 2004, pp. 1379-1381.

139. Pavana P, Sethupathy S, Manoharan S. Antihyperglycemic and

antilipidperoxidative effects of Tephrosia purpurea seed extract in

streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry,

22, 2007, pp. 77-83.

271

140. Shu X, Lv J, Tao J, Li G, Li H, Ma N. Antihyperglycemic effects of total

flavonoids from Polygonatum odoratum in STZ and alloxan induced diabetic

rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124, 2009, pp. 539-543

141. Orhan DD, Aslan M, Sendogdu N, Ergun F, Yesilada E. Evaluation of the

hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant activity of three Viscum album subspecies

(European mistletoe) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 98, 2005, pp. 95-102

142. Sunil C, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P. Antidiabetic effect of Symplocos

cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore. in type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 134, 2011, pp. 298-304.

143. Dewanjee S, Maiti A, Das AK, Mandal SC, Dey SP. Swietenine: A potential

oral hypoglycemic from Swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia, 80, 2009, pp.

249-251.

144. Adeneye AA, Ajagbonna OP, Ayodele OW. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic

activities on the stem bark aqueous and ethanol extracts of Musanga

cecropioides in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia, 78, 2007,

pp. 502-505

145. Jayakar B, Suresh B. Antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effect of Aporosa

lindleyana in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 84, 2003, pp. 247-249

146. Pari L, Satheesh AM. Effect of pterostilbene on hepatic key enzymes of

glucose metabolism in streptozotocin- and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.

Life Sciences, 79, 2006, pp. 641-645.

272

147. Salahuddin M, Jalalpure SS. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous fruit extract of

Cucumis trigonus Roxb. in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 127, 2010, pp. 565-567.

148. Sharma SB, Tanwar RS, Rini AC, Singh UR, Gupta S, Shukla SK. Protective

effect of Morus rubra L. leaf extract on diet-induced atherosclerosis in diabetic

rats. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 47, 2010, pp. 26-31.

149. Srinivasa U, Rao JV, Krupanidhi AM, Divakar K. Antidiabetic activity of

Justicia beddomei leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Research

and Education in Indian Medicine, 14, 2008, pp. 45-47.

150. Yadav JP, Saini S, Kalia AN, Dangi AS. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic

activity of ethanol extract of Salvadora oleoides in normal and alloxan-induced

diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 40, 2008, pp. 23-27.

151. Goswami S, Pandey A, Tripathi P, Singh A, Rai A. An in vitro evaluation of

the anthelmintic activity of Hedychium spichatum rhizomes and Zingiber

zerumbet rhizomes on the Pheritima Posthuma model: A comparative study.

Pharmacognosy Research, 3, 2011, pp. 140-142.

152. Eguale T, Giday M. In vitro anthelmintic activity of three medicinal plants

against Haemonchus contortus. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 3,

2009, pp. 29-34.

153. Lalchhandama K. Cestocidal activity of Acacia caesia stem bark on Raillietina

echinobothrida. Pharmacognosy Research, 1, 2009, pp. 179-184.

154. Taur DJ, Kulkarni VB, Patil RY. Chromatographic evaluation and anthelmintic

activity of Eucalyptus globulus oil. Pharmacognosy Research, 2, 2010, pp. 125-

127.

273

155. Mehta DK, Das R, Bhandari A. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of seeds of

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against Pheretima Posthuma. International Journal

of Green Pharmacy, 6, 2012, pp. 26-28.

156. Khatri A, Rathore A, Patil UK. Assessment of anthelmintic activity of the

Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce bark. Indian Journal of Natural Products and

Resources, 2, 2011, pp. 512-514.

157. Bachaya HA, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Jabbar A, Gilani AH, Din IU. In vitro and in

vivo anthelmintic activity of Terminalia arjuna bark. International Journal of

Agriculture & Biology, 11, 2009, pp. 273-278.

158. Tandon V, Pal P, Roy B, Rao HSP, Reddy KS. In vitro anthelmintic activity of

root-tuber extract of Flemingia vestita, an indigenous plant in Shillong, India.

Parasitology Research, 83, 1997, pp. 492-498.

159. Sutar N, Garai R, Sharma US, Sharma UK, Jaiswal A. Anthelmintic activity of

Platycladus orientalisleaves extract. International Journal of Parasitology

Research, 2, 2010, pp. 1-3.

160. Srivastava S, Singh P, Jha KK, Mishra G, Srivastava S, Khosa RL.

Anthelmintic activity of aerial parts of Costus speciosus. International Journal

of Green Pharmacy, 5, 2011, pp. 325-328.

161. Deore SL, Khadabadi SS. In vitro anthelmintic studies of Chlorophytum

borivilianum Sant. & Fernandez tuber. Indian Journal of Natural Products and

Resources, 1, 2010, pp. 53-56.

162. Anonymous. The Wealth of India, vol VI (L-M), 1st supplement series. CSIR,

New Delhi, 2007, pp.353-354.

163. Bora PJ, Kumar Y. Floristic Diversity of Assam: Study of Pabitora Wild Life

Sanctuary. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2003, pp. 183-184

274

164. Nadkarni AK (editor). Dr. KM Nadkarni’s Indian Meteria Medica, vol 1, 3rd

edn. Popular Prakashan, Delhi, 2005, pp. 794, 1264.

165. Khan MD, Yadava PS. Antidiabetic plants used in Thoubal district of Manipur,

Northeast India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9, 2010, pp. 510-

514.

166. National Medicinal Plants Board Online Resources. Available on:

http://www.impla.co.in/searchherbs.aspx, 2010, accessed on 14/11/2010.

167. Assam: Database of Medicinal Plants of Assam Online Resources. Available

on: http://assamplants.com/All%20Species/Meyna.htm, 2010, accessed on

14/11/2010.

168. Kritikar KR, Basu BD, An ICS. Indian Medicinal Plants, vol 1I, 2nd

edn,

International Book Distributors, Dehradun, pp. 1285-1286.

169. Doley B, Gajurel PR, Rethy P, Singh B, Buragohain R, Potsanbam S. Lesser

known ethno medicinal plants used by the Nyshi community of Papumpare

district, Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Bioscience and Research, 1, 2010, pp.

34-36.

170. Buragohain J. Folk medicinal plants used in gynecological disorders in

Tinsukia district, Assam, India. Fitoterapia, 79, 2008, pp. 388-392.

171. Murty PP, Venkaiah M. Some abortifacient plants used by the tribal people of

Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Phytology, 2, 2010, pp. 7-12.

172. Mitra S, Mukherjee SK. Some arbortifacient plants used by the tribal people of

West Bangal. Natural Product Radiance, 8, 2009, pp. 167-171.

173. Buragohain J, Konwar BK. Ethnomedicinal plants used in skin diseases by

some Indo-Mongoloid communities of Assam. Asian Journal of Experimental

Science, 21, 2007, pp. 281-288.

275

174. Sen S, Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, An ethnobotanical survey of

medicinal plants used by ethnic people in West and South district of Tripura,

India. Journal of Forestry Research, 22, 2011, pp. 417-426.

175. Mali S, Borges RM. Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic

glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India. Biochemical Systematics and

Ecology, 31, 2003, pp. 1221-1246.

176. Buragohain J. Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigation on the fruits of

Meyna spinosa. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 3(spl issue), 2008, pp.

372-374.

177. Goswami S, Bora L, Das J, Begam M. In vitro evaluation of some medicinal

plants against Candida albicans. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research, 6, 2006,

pp. 837-839.

178. Aswal BS, Goel AK, Kulshrestha DK, Mehrotra BN, Patnaik GK. Screening of

Indian plants for biological activity: Part XV. Indian Journal of Experimental

Biology, 34, 1996, pp. 444-467.

179. Chatterjee SK, Bhattacharjee I, Chandra G. Bactericidal activities of some

common herbs in India. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45, 2007, pp. 350-354.

180. Chatterjee SK, Bhattacharjee I, Chandra G. In vitro synergistic effect of

doxycycline & ofloxacin in combination with ethanolic leaf extract of

Vangueria against four pathogenic bacteria. Indian Journal of Medical

Research, 130, 2009, pp. 475-478.

181. Pervin R, Sabrin F, Billah MM, Islam KMD, Elmezughi J, Shilpi JA.

Antibecterial ans cytotoxic activity of M. spinosa Roxb. Stem. Turkish Journal

of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9, 2012, pp. 225-230.

276

182. Ridsdale CE. A revision of the family Leeaceae. Blumea, 22, 19784, pp. 57-

100.

183. Pullaiah T, Naidu TC. Antidiabetic Plants in India and Herbal Based

Antidiabetic Research. Regency Publication, New Delhi, 2003, pp 216.

184. Kashypa K, Chand R. The useful plants of India. NISCAIR, New Delhi, 2006,

pp. 320-322.

185. Flowers of India. Leea asiatica. Available on:

http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Banchalita.html, 2010, accessed

on 2/9/2010.

186. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Classification of Species: Leea

asiatica (L.) Ridsdale. Available on:

http://data.gbif.org/species/browse/taxon/4160376/, 2010, accessed on

2/1/2011.

187. Bhandary MJ, Chandrashekar KR, Kaveriappa KM. Medical ethnobotany of

the Siddis of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 47, 1995, pp. 149-158.

188. Prasad PRC, Reddy CS, Raza SH, Dutt CBS. Folklore medicinal plants of

North Andaman Islands, India. Fitoterapia, 79, 2008, pp. 458-464.

189. Barukial J, Saemah JN. Ethnomedicinal plants used by the people of Golaghat

District, Assam, India. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic

Plants, 1, 2011, pp. 203-211.

190. Kritikar KR, Basu BD, An ICS. Indian Medicinal Plants, vol 1, 2nd

edn,

International Book Distributors, Dehradun, pp. 618.

191. Dolui AK, Sharma HK, Marein TB, Lalhriatpuii T. Folk herbal remedies from

Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Traditional Medicine, 3, 2004, pp. 358-364.

277

192. Pande PC, Tiwari L, Pande HC. Ethnoveterinary plants of Uttaranchal – A

review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 63, 2007, pp. 444-458

193. Singh AK, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Medical ethnobotany of the tribals of

Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 81, 2002, pp. 31-41.

194. Reddy K. Specific gravity determination, In: Engineering Properties of Soils

Based on Laboratory Testing, Department of Civil and Materials Engineering,

University of Illinois, Chicago, 2012, pp. 27-33. Available online:

http://www.uic.edu/classes/cemm/cemmlab/Experiment%204-

Specific%20Gravity.pdf

195. Mbah CC, Builders PF, Akuodor GC, Kunle O. Pharmaceutical

cherecterization of aqueous stem bark extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth

(Euphorbiaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11, 2012, pp.

637-644.

196. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy, 34th

edn. Nirali

Prakashan, Pune, 2006.

197. Dua TK. Pharmacological and phytochemical analysis of Leea macrophylla

(Leeaceae) leaf. M. Pharmacy Thesis, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India,

2012, pp. 11-16. Available online:

http://dspace.jdvu.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/18594/1/Acc.%20No.%20DC%2

0227.pdf

198. Veerarghavan P. Committee for the Purpose of control and supervision of

Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Animal Welfare Division, Government

of India (Guideline No. 423, Annexure-2d of OECD). 19th

September, 2001.

278

199. Kesiova M, Alexandrova A, Yordanova N, Kirkova M, Todorov S. Effects of

diphenhydramine and famotidine on lipid peroxidation and activities of

antioxidant enzymes in different rat tissues. Pharmacological Reports, 58,

2006, pp. 221-228.

200. Qadrie ZL, Anandan R, Jacob B, Ashraf H. Liver protective activity of

Indoneesiella echioides against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced

hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacologyonline, 2, 2011, pp. 416-429.

201. Huo HZ, Wang B, Liang YK, Bao YY, Gu Y. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant

effects of licorice extract against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats.

International Journal of Molecular Science, 12, 2011, pp. 6529-6543.

202. Hsu C, Yen G. Effect of gallic acid on high fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia,

hepatosteatosis and oxidative stress in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 98,

2007, pp. 727-735.

203. Khynriam D, Prasad SB. Hematotoxicity and blood glutathione levels after

cisplatin treatment of tumor-bearing mice. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 17,

2001, pp. 353-370.

204. Raphael R. Pharmacological activity of plant derived drugs and the mechanism

of action (with special reference to Phyllanthus amarus schum & thonn). Ph.D

in Biochemistry Thesis, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India, 2004,

pp. 58-59

205. de Vasconcelos IQA, Neto AS, Mascarenhas LPG, Bozza R, Ulbrich AZ, de

Campos W, Bertin RL. Cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with different

levels of energy expenditure. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 9, 2008, pp.

207-212.

279

206. Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N. Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms,

inhibition, and biological effects. Biochemical and Biophysical Research

Communications, 338, 2005, pp. 668-676.

207. Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)

for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and

Technology, 26, 2004, pp. 211-219.

208. Gulcin I, Huyut Z, Elmastas M, Aboul-Enein HY. Radical scavenging and

antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 3, 2010, pp.

43-53.

209. Maw SS, Mon MM, Oo ZK. Study on antioxidant and antitumor activities of

some herbal extracts. World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology,

51, 2011, pp. 450-455.

210. Matthaus B. Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from residues of different

oil seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 2002, pp. 3444-

3452.

211. Al-Mamun M, Yamaki K, Masumizu T, Nakai Y, Saito K, SanoH, Tamura Y.

Superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of herbs and pastures in

northern Japan determined using electron spin resonance spectrometry.

International Journal of Biological Sciences, 3, 2007, pp. 349-355.

212. Gulcin I, Alici HA, Cesur M. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical

scavenging activities of propofol. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53,

2005, pp. 281-285.

213. Estevez A, Jordan J. Nitric oxide and superoxide, a deadly cocktail. Annals

New York Academy of Sciences, 962, 2002, pp. 207-211.

280

214. Chen S, Schopfer P. Hydroxyl-radical production in physiological reactions, a

novel function of peroxidase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 260, 1999, pp.

726-735.

215. Lipinski B. Hydroxyl radical and its scavengers in health and disease.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2011, 2011, pp. 1-9.

216. Philips A, Philip S, Arul V, Padmakeerthiga B, Renju V, Santha S, Sethupathy

S. Free radical scavenging activity of leaf extracts of Indigofera Aspalathoides

– an in vitro analysis. Journal of pharmaceutical Science and Research. 2, 2010,

pp. 322-328.

217. Hazra B, Biswas S, Mandal N. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity

of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8, 2008,

pp. 1-10.

218. Svegliati-Baroni G, Saccomanno S, van Goor H, Jansen P, Benedetti A,

Moshage H. Involvement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide radicals in

activation and proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Liver, 21, 2001, pp. 1-

12.

219. Ma X, Li H, Dong J, Qian W. Determination of hydrogen peroxide scavenging

activity of phenolic acids by employing gold nanoshells precursor composites

as nanoprobes. Food Chemistry, 126, 2011, pp. 698-704.

220. Koncic MZ, Kremer D, Gruz J, Strnad M,. Bisevac G, Kosalec I, Samec D,

Piljac-Zegarac J, Karlovic K. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of

Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions. Food and

Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2010, pp. 1537-1542.

221. Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of various

solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits. Food Chemistry, 122, 2010, pp. 1205-

1211.

281

222. Oktay M, Gulcin I, Kufreviog lu OI. Determination of in vitro antioxidant

activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. Lebensmittel-

Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 36, 2003, pp. 263-271.

223. Koksal E, Gulcin I. Antioxidant activity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.).

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3, 2008, pp. 65-78.

224. Niki E. Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. Free Radical

Biology & Medicine, 49, 2010, pp. 503-515.

225. Guha G, Rajkumar V, Kumar RA, Mathew L. Therapeutic potential of polar

and non-polar extracts of Cyanthillium cinereum in vitro. Evidence-Based

Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 2011, pp. 1-10.

226. Saengkhae C, Arunnopparat W, Sungkhajorn P. Antioxidative activity of the

Llaf of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. on oxidative stress-induced erythrocyte

hemolysis in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Thai Journal of Physiological

Sciences, 20, 2008, pp. 70-78.

227. Zhu QY, Schramm DD, Gross HB, Holt RR, Kim SH, Yamaguchi T, Kwik-

Uribe CL, Keen CL. Influence of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins on free

radical-induced human erythrocyte hemolysis. Clinical & Developmental

Immunology, 12, 2005, pp. 27-34.

228. Reddy NS, Navanesan S, Sinniah SK, Wahab NA, Sim KS. Phenolic content,

antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leaves. Complementary

and Alternative Medicine, 12, 2012, pp. 1-7.

229. Ganesh T, Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kumar SSV, Raghavendra HG, Krishan GS,

Majumder J, De B. In vitro antioxidant activity of Meyna laxiflora seeds.

International Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, 2010, pp. 5-

8.

282

230. Atmani D, Chaher N, Atmani D, Berboucha M, Debbache N, Boudaoud H.

Flavonoids in human health: from structure to biological activity. Current

Nutrition & Food Science, 5, 2009, pp. 225-237.

231. Ozsoy N, Can A, Yanardag R, Akev N. Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa

L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 110, 2008, pp. 571-583.

232. James LP, Mayeux PR, Hinson JA. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxcity.

Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 31, 2003, pp. 1499-1506.

233. Ozer J, Ratner M, Shaw M, Bailey W, Schomaker S. The current state of serum

biomarkers of hepatotoxicity. Toxicology, 245, 2008, pp. 194-205.

234. Kuriakose GC, Kurup MG. Hepatoprotective effect of Spirulina lonar on

paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Asian Journal of Experimental

Biological Science, 1, 2010, pp.614-623.

235. Goel R, Ravishankar B, Shukla VJ, Singh M. Hepatoprotective activity of

Rohitaka ghrita against paracetamol induced liver injury in rats.

Pharmacologia, 3, 2012, pp. 227-232.

236. Haldar PK, Biswas M, Bhattacharya S, Karan TK, Ghosh AK.

Hepatoprotective activity of Dregea volubilis fruit against paracetamol-induced

liver damage in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,

46, 2012, pp. 17-22.

237. Dar AI, Saxena RC, Bansal SK. Assessment of hepatoprotective activity of

fruit pulp of Feronia limonia (Linn.) against paracetamol induced

hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 2,

2012, pp. 226-233.

238. Machado-Vieira R, Andreazza AC, Viale CI, Zanatto V, Jr Cereser V, Vargas

RS, Kapczinski F, Portela LV, Souza DO, Salvador M, Gentil V. Oxidative

283

stress parameters in unmedicated and treated bipolar subjects during initial

manic episode: a possible role for lithium antioxidant effects. Neuroscience

Letters, 421, 2007, pp. 33-36.

239. Sairam K, Priyambada S, Aryya NC, Goel RK. Gastroduodenal ulcer protective

activity of Asparagus racemosus: an experimental, biochemical and

histological study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86, 2003, pp. 1-10.

240. Demir S, Yilmaz M, Koseoglu M, Akalin N, Aslan D, Aydin A. Role of free

radicals in peptic ulcer and gastritis. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 14,

2003, pp. 39-43.

241. Ali ATMM, Al-Swayeh OA, Al-Rashed RS, Al-Mofleh IA, Al-Dohayan AD,

Al-Tuwaijri AS. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals on gastric mucosal injury

induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 2, 1996,

pp. 19-28.

242. Sharma A, Sangameswaran B, Mahajan SC, Saluja MS. Hepatoprotective

activity of Adina cordifolia against paracetamol induce hepatotoxicity in rats.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1, 2012, pp. 1-5.

243. Kiran RY, Manjunath C, Balasubramannian T, Gnanasekaran D, Kumar AU,

Brahmaiah Y. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Haldinia cordifolia

against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 4,

2012, pp. 768-774.

244. Ebenyi LN, Ibiam UA, Aja PM. Effects of Alliums sativum extract on

paracetamol – induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. International Research

Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 2, 2012, pp. 93-97.

245. Mandal SC, Jana GK, Das S, Sahu R, Venkidesh R, Dewanjee S.

hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Smilax chinensis L. root.

Pharmacologyonline, 2, 2008, pp. 529-535.

284

246. Miller RP, Tadagavadi RK, Ramesh G, Reeves WB. Mechanisms of cisplatin

nephrotoxicity. Toxins, 2, 2010, pp. 2490-2518.

247. Pabla N, Dong Z. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: mechanisms and renoprotective

strategies. Kidney International, 73, 2008, pp. 994-1007

248. Yao X, Panichpisal K, Kurtzman N, Nugent K. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a

review. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 334, 2007, pp. 115-124.

249. Sharma RK. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Clinical Queries: Nephrology,

101, 2012, pp. 13-17.

250. Kakadiya J, Shah N. Renal function markers: a short review. Journal of

Innovative trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, 2010, pp. 270-273.

251. Goretzki L, Droll D, Qiang X, Hayes D, Zheng W. Sensitive, early detection of

kidney toxicity in preclinical drug safety, MILLIPLEX® map rat kidney

toxicity multiplex panels measure urinary biomarkers of kidney injury. EMD

Millipore is a division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, pp. 1-8.

Available on: www.emdmillipore.com.

252. Perrone RD, Madias NE, Levey AS. Serum creatinine as an index of renal

function: new insights into old concepts. Clinical Chemistry, 38, 1992, pp.

1933-1953.

253. Renugadevi J, Prabu SM. Naringenin protects against cadmium-induced

oxidative renal dysfunction in rats. Toxicology, 256, 2009, pp. 128-134.

254. Meena MK, Kushwah HK, Rajagopala M, Ravishankar B. An experimental

evaluation on nephroprotective activity of nagaradi kashya. Ayu, 30, 2009, pp.

55-61.

285

255. Lynch ED, Gu R, Pierce C, Kil J. Reduction of acute cisplatin ototoxicity and

nephrotoxicity in rats by oral administration of allopurinol and ebselen.

Hearing Research, 201, 2005, pp. 81-89.

256. Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in

cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 61,

2009, pp. 223-242.

257. Baliga R, Zhang Z, Baliga M, Ueda N, Shah SV. In vitro and in vivo evidence

suggesting a role for iron in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Kidney

International, 53, 1998, pp. 394-401.

258. Zhou H, Kato A, Miyaji T, Yasuda H, Fujigaki Y, Yamamoto T, Yonemura K,

Takebayashi S, Mineta H, Hishida A. Urinary marker for oxidative stress in

kidneys in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Nephrol Dial

Transplant, 21, 2006, pp. 616-623.

259. Joy J, Krishnan C, Nair K. Amelioration of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in

swiss albino mice by Rubia cordifolia extract. J Cancer Research and

Therapeutics, 4, 2008, pp. 111-115.

260. Kannur DK, Hukkeri VI, Akki KS. Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia

bonducella seed extracts in rats. Fitoterapia, 77, 2006, pp. 546-549.

261. Reinauer H, Home PD, Kanagasabapathy AS, Heuck C. Laboratory diagnosis

and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2002,

pp. 5-24.

262. Tuomilehto J. Point: a glucose tolerance test is important for clinical practice.

Diabetes Care, 25, 2002, pp. 1880-1882

263. Breda E, Cavaghan MK, Toffolo G, Polonsky KS, Cobelli C. Oral glucose

tolerance test minimal model indexes of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Diabetes, 50, 2001, 150-158.

286

264. Liou SS, Liu IM, Hsu JH, Wu YC, Hsu SF, Chen JT. Release of acetylcholine

by Die–Huang–Wan to enhance insulin secretion for lowering plasma glucose

in Wistar rats. Autonomic Neuroscience, 100, 2002, pp. 21-26.

265. Irudayaraj SS, Sunil C, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S. Antidiabetic and

antioxidant activities of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Leaves in Streptozotocin

induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143, 2012, pp. 515-523.

266. Kumar EKD, Janardhana GR. Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic stem extract of

Nervilia plicata in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133, 2011, pp. 480-483.

267. Nammi S, Boini MK, Lodagala SD, Behara RBS. The juice of fresh leaves of

Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan

diabetic rabbits. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3, 2003, pp.

1-4.

268. Bakirel T, Bakirel U, Keleş OU, Ulgen SG, Yardibi H. In vivo assessment of

antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in

alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116, 2008, pp. 64-73.

269. Jain S, Bhatia G, Barik R, Kumar P, Jain A, Dixit VK. Antidiabetic activity of

Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 127, 2010, pp. 325-328.

270. Shabeer J, Srivastava RS, Singh SK. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of

various fractions of Phyllanthus simplex in alloxan diabetic rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 124, 2009, pp. 34-88.

271. Abdel-Zaher AO, Salim SY, Assaf MH, Abdel-Hady RH. Antidiabetic activity

and toxicity of Zizyphus spina-christi leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,

101, 2005, pp. 129-138.

287

272. Sy GY, Cisse A, Nongonierma RB, Sarr M, Mbodj NA, Faye B.

Hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic extract of Vernonia

colorata leaves in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal

of Ethnopharmacology, 98, 2005, pp. 171-175.

273. Shokeen P, Anand P, Murali YK, Tandon V. Antidiabetic activity of 50%

ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions. Food and

Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2008, pp. 3458-3466.

274. Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Punitha ISR. Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic

stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced

type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97, 2005 , pp. 369-374

275. Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a

common herbal medicine in Iran: Molecular and biochemical study of its

antidiabetic effects on alloxandiabetic Wistar rats. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 133, 2011, pp. 67-74.

276. Badole SL, Bodhankar SL. Antidiabetic activity of cycloart-23-ene-3!, 25-diol

(B2) isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L. Pierre) in streptozotocin–

nicotinamide induced diabetic mice. European Journal of Pharmacology, 632,

2010, pp. 103-109.

277. Chandrashekhar CH, Latha KP, Vagdevi HM, Vaidya VP. Anthelmintic

activity of the crude extracts of Ficus racemosa. International Journal of Green

Pharmacy, 2, 2008, pp. 100-103.

278. Mali RG, Wadekar RR. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Baliospermum

montanum muell. arg roots. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70,

2008, pp. 131-133.