8 Kohlberg Theory of Moral development

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Contents

Description of Theory

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

Which Level Are You? (Heinz Dilemma) Practice

Lesson Assessment


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Morality is the system one uses to decidewhat is right and wrong; how onesconscience affects choices. Lawrence

Kohlberg, a psychologist, explored whatmotivates individuals to act the way theydo. He then devised a theory about howpeople change their views of whats rightand wrong as they grow.

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Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)


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Stages ofMoral Development

He creates six stages of moral development

divided into three levels.


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Level 1:Preconventional

What Is Good for SelfReward & Punishment

Usually young children, Very selfish


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Stage I:

Punishment Avoidance

Acts to avoid pain or

punishment

Wants to not get

spanked or get a

time out


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Stage II:

YouS

cratchM

y Back; IllS

cratch Yours

Acts to get a reward

Wants to get a hug or

a piece of candy or

back scratch

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Level 2:Conventional

What Is Good for Others

Majority of adults; Conform to

expectations and are usually loyal


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Stage III:

Approval of Others

Acts to gain approval; conforms

Wants to be a good girl/boy; wants others to

see as nice


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Stage IV:

Law & Order

Acts because of belief in the law and order

Wants society to be orderly and understands

duty/respect for authority

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Level 3:

Postconventional

What Is Universally Good

Minority of adults;

Define moral values on own values(do not rely on authoritys definition)


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Stage V:

Social Principles Contract

Acts for the welfare of

others

Wants other people to

be safe and happy;

willing to change lawif necessary


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Stage VI:

Universal Principles of Conscious

Acts because of her/his own conscience/set ofbeliefs

Wants all human beings to be respected for theirdignity, believes in justice and equality; willdisregard law if necessary

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Which level are you?

Read the Heinz dilemma to find

out


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Heinz wife was near death. There was one

drug on the planet that could save her, and it

was only sold in Heinz hometown. The druggistwho was selling it, however, was charging ten

times what it cost to make the drug. Heinz

couldnt afford the drug. He tried borrowing

money from his friends and family, and couldonly come up with half of the cost of the drug.

He explained his problem to the druggist, but the

druggist refused to sell him the drug for less

money, and he also refused to let Heinz pay thesecond half later. Heinz decided that he had to

steal the drug.


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Should Heinz have stolen the

drug?

A. YES

B. NO


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Because

A. he would get in trouble from his family members for not getting help

B. he can risk his life if he thinks he can get away with it

C. no one will respect him if he lets her die

D. its his duty to his wife, he should pay later and accept the lawspenalty

E. the law wasnt meant to violate life, the law should be reinterpreted if

he is caught

F. if he didnt steal it, hed be putting another value above that of life;respect for property should not be above the respect for life; thereshouldnt be private property; it is everyones duty to help the dying


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Because

A. he would go to jail

B. its more risk than its worth

C. everyone will think hes a criminal

D. because even though his natural duty isto obey the law, it would createviolence/crime if every store owner were

charging excessive prices


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You are

Stage I: Punishment Avoidance

Acts to avoid pain or punishment

Wants to not get spanked or get a time

out

On to Practice


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You are

Stage II:

You Scratch My Back; Ill Scratch Yours

Acts to get a reward

Wants to get a hug or a piece of candy orback scratch

On to Practice


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You are

Stage III:Approval of Others

Acts to gain approval

Conforms

Wants to be a good girl/boy

Wants others to see as nice

On to Practice


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You are

Stage IV:Law & Order

Acts because of belief in the law and order

Wants society to be orderly and

understands duty/respect for authority

On to Practice


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You are

Stage V:Social Principles Contract

Acts for the welfare of others

Wants other people to be safe and happy;

willing to change law if necessary

On to Practice


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You are

Stage VI:Universal Principles of Conscious

Acts because of her/his own conscience/set of

beliefs

Wants all human beings to be respected for their

dignity, believes in justice and equality; willdisregard law if necessary

On to Practice


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Practice

Directions:

Choose the correct level of moralreasoning for each example.


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Example #1

If I make my neighbor a present and give it toher, shell be very happy.

A. Stage 1: Punishment AvoidanceB. Stage 2: You scratch my back; Ill scratch yours

C. Stage 3: Approval of others

D. Stage 4: Law and Order

E. Stage 5: Social Principles ContractF. Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious


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Example #2

If I leave my bicycle in the middle of the frontyard, I will be punished.






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Example #3

In order to stay true to my personal code ofmorals, I need to protest the dictatorship of thegovernment.

A. Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance

B. Stage 2: You scratch my back; Ill scratch yours





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Example #4

If I obey the speed limit, the roads will be saferfor everyone.






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Example #5

If I want to protest a government policy oraction, the Bill of Rights guarantees myfreedom to do so.







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Example #6

If I do the dishes for my father, he will take meto the baseball game.





E. Stage 5: Social Principles Contract

F. Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

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You are correct!

Great Job

On to example 1 2 3 4 5 6

OR

On to lesson assessment


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Oops! That answer is incorrect.

Try Again.

Back to example 1 2 3 4 5 6OR

On to lesson assessment

8 Kohlberg Theory of Moral development

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