8 bit microcontroller

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Transcript of 8 bit microcontroller

Page 1: 8 bit microcontroller
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Mohamed Abd Elahy

Embedded SW Engineer

Tel./010 9 15 77 828

Email/ [email protected]

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In 1981 , Intel released the 8051, the 1st 8-bit microcontroller .

It allowed other manufacturers to make alternate versions of 8051

The main features of 8051 microcontroller are:

• RAM – 128 Bytes

• ROM – 4Kbytes

• UART

• Two 16 bit Timer/ Counter

• 4 I/O Ports

• 6 Interrupt Sources

• 8 – bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

• Harvard Memory Architecture

• 16 bit Address bus

• 8 bit Data Bus.

8051 can execute 1 million one-cycle instructions per second with a

clock frequency of 12MHz.

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Intel fabricated the original 8051 which is known as MCS-51.

The other two members of the 8051 family are:

i. 8052

ii. 8031

Features 8051 8052 8031

RAM(bytes) 128 256 128

ROM 4K 8K 0K Timers 2 3 2 Serial port 1 1 1

I/O pins 32 32 32

Interrupt sources 6 8 6

Comparison of 8051 family members:

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Atmel fabricated the flash ROM version of 8051.

it is popularly known as AT89C51 (‘C’ in the part number

indicates CMOS).

Part Number

ROM RAM I/O pins Timer Interrupt Vcc Packaging

AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40

AT89C52 8K 256 32 3 8 5V 40

AT89C1051 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20

AT89C2051 2K 128 32 3 8 3V 20

AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40

AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40

Versions of 8951 from Atmel (All ROM Flash)

AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation

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Various Speeds of 8051 from Atmel:

Part Number Speed Pins Packaging Use

AT89C51-12PC 12MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial

AT89C51-16PC 16MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial

AT89C51-20PC 20MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial

o AT – Atmel

o C - CMOS (consumes less power)

AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation

o 12 - Speed as 12 MHz

o P – Plastic DIP packaging

o C - Commercial use

AT89C51-12PC is favourably used by students for projects.

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Part No. RAM ROM Timers I/O pins Interrupts Vcc Packaging

DS5000-8 128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40

DS5000-32 128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40

DS5000T-8 128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40

DS5000T-8 128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40

Versions of 8051 from Dallas Semiconductor

‘T’ signifies the real time clock (RTC)

which is different from the timer.

Even though the power is turned off, the real time clock generates and displays the date and the time of day.

DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor

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Versions of 8051 Dallas Semiconductor

o The part number DS5000-8-8

o 8 - 8K NV-RAM

o 8 – Speed of 8MHz.

DS5000-8-12 is favourably used by students for their projects.

Part Number NV-RAM Speed

DS5000-8-8 8K 8MHz

DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz

DS5000-32-8 32K 8MHz

DS5000-32-12 32K 12MHz

DS5000T-8-12 8K 12MHz

DS5000T-32-8 32K 8MHz

DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor

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• PIC microcontroller was developed by General Instruments in 1975.

• PIC was developed General Instruments was testing its 16-bit CPU

CP1600.

• CP1600 was a good CPU but it had low I/O performance.

• In 1985, General Instruments converted their Microelectronics

Division to Microchip.

• PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller.

Microchip Vs. General instrument &PIC

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Since 1998, Microchip developed new high performance uc. &

enhanced peripherals.

PIC microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture.

PIC microcontrollers are widely used for industrial purpose .

It is very famous among hobbyists due to

• moderate cost

• easy availability of its supporting SW & how tools like compilers,

simulators etc.

Microchip &PIC

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The 8-bit PIC microcontroller is

divided into following four

categories :

1. Base Line PIC

2. Mid-Range PIC

3. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC

4. PIC18

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Baseline Architecture PIC10, PIC12, PIC16

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• The least complex PIC microcontrollers.

• 12-bit instruction architecture

• Smallest and cheapest PICs

• Available with 6 to 40 pin packaging.

• Replaced the traditional ICs like 555, logic gates etc.

• includes the PIC10F family and portions of the PIC12 and PIC16

families.

1-Baseline Architecture

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Mid-Range Architecture PIC10, PIC12, PIC16

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small package footprints.

14-bit instruction architecture

work up to 20 MHz speed.

Available with 8 to 64 pin packaging.

Available with different peripherals: ADC, PWM, Op-Amps and different communication protocols like USART, SPI,

I2C (TWI), etc.

Includes PIC12 and PIC16 families

Available with Flash and OTP program memory options.

The Flash products operate with voltage range of 2.0V to 5.5V.

2-Mid range Architecture

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Enhanced version of Mid-Range core.

Provides additional performance.

Greater flash memory

High speed at very low power consumption.

includes multiple peripherals and supports protocols :

USART, SPI, I2C and so on.

3-Enhanced Mid range Architecture

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PIC18 Architecture

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16-bit instruction architecture

The highest performer among the all 8-bit PIC families.

Available With 18 to 80-pin package options.

10 MIPS operating performance

integrated with new age communication protocols:

USB, CAN, LIN, Ethernet (TCP/IP protocol).

supports the connectivity of Human Interface Devices :

Segmented LCDs & mTouch Touch Sensing

The two-stage instruction pipeline

4-PIC18 Architecture

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PIC18 J-Series PIC18 K-Series

12 MIPS 16 MIPS

2.0-3.6V 1.8-5.5

Emulated EE in Flash EEPROM

Typically Lower Cost for

Equivalent Products

Slightly Higher Cost for

Equivalent Products

4-PIC18 Architecture

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Base Line Mid-Range Enhanced Mid-

Range PIC18

No. of Pins 6-40 8-64 8-64 18-100

Program

Memory Up to 3 KB Up to 14 KB Up to 28 KB Up to 128 KB

Data Memory Up to 134 Bytes Up to 368 Bytes Up to 1.5 KB Up to 4 KB

Instruction

Length 12-bit 14-bit 14-bit 16-bit

No. of

instruction set 33 35 49 83

Speed 5 MIPS 5 MIPS 8 MIPS Up to 16 MIPS

Feature • Comparator • 8-bit ADC

• Data Memory •Internal Oscillator

In addition of

baseline · SPI · I2C

· UART · PWM

· 10-bit ADC · OP-Amps

In addition of Mid-

range · High Performance

· Multiple

communication

peripherals

In addition of

Enhanced Mid-

range • CAN • LIN • USB

• Ethernet • 12-bit ADC

Families PIC10,PIC12, PIC16 PIC12, PIC16 PIC12F1XXX, PIC16F1XXX

PIC18

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The PIC microcontrollers are available with different memory options

which are mask ROM, EPROM and flash memory.

Symbol Memory Type Example

C EPROM PIC16Cxxx

CR Mask ROM PIC16CRxxx

F Flash memory PIC16Fxxx

Different symbols as given in the following table

Memory variations:

PIC available with extended voltage ranges which reduce the frequency

range.

The operating voltage range of these PICs is 2.0-6.0 volts.

The letter ‘L’ is included in controller’s name to denote extended voltage

range controllers. For example, PIC16LFxxx (Operating voltage 2.0-6.0 volts).

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LCD PIC Microcontrollers

High Performance Mid-Range

PIC18F6390 PIC18F8390 PIC16F913

PIC18F63J90 PIC18F83J90 PIC16F914

PIC18F6490 PIC18F8490 PIC16F916

PIC18F64J90 PIC18F84J90 PIC16F917

PIC18F65J90 PIC18F85J90 PIC16F946

PIC Microcontrollers with LCD

Microchip’s new series of PIC microcontrollers with on-chip LCD driver control

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Device Family

PIC18F2450 PIC16C745

PIC18F2455 PIC16C765

PIC18F2550

PIC18F4450

PIC18F4455

PIC18F4550

PIC with Integrated USB

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Ethernet Family

PIC18F66J60

PIC18F66J65

PIC18F67J60

PIC18F86J60

PIC18F86J65

PIC18F87J60

PIC18F96J60

PIC18F96J65

PIC18F97J60

PIC with Ethernet

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PIC with CAN

Device Family

PIC18F4685

PIC18F66K80

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Also known as Advanced Virtual RISC.

The AT90S8515 was the first microcontroller

which was based on AVR architecture.

The first microcontroller to hit the commercial

market was AT90S1200 in the year 1997.

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Atmel have a big world of 8-bit and 32-bit RISC MCU families. From lowest cost tinyAVR to high performance megaAVR or AVR XMEGA

family

From 16 MIPS up 32 MIPS with pin counts from 8 up to 100 pins.

Flash memories from 1K up to 256K are available.

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Less memory small size low power consumption internal RC Oscillator integrated EEPROM A/D Converter On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog High Frequency PWM with PLL On-Chip debug interface (debug WIRE) suitable only for simpler applications.

Atmel tinyAVR

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Atmel tinyAVR

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• These are the most popular ones

• having good amount of memory (upto 256 KB)

• higher number of inbuilt peripherals

o 10-bit A/D converter o USART, SPI and TWI compliant serial interfaces o On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog o 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier o On-Chip debug through JTAG or (debugWIRE)

• suitable for moderate to complex applications.

• integrated EEPROM

• Package range from 28-pin to 100-pin

Atmel MegaAVR

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Atmel MegaAVR

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Used for complex applications.

up to 32 MIPS.

Memory size range from 16 to 384 KB of Flash

the CPU can spend less time handling peripherals and even more time

in sleep mode.

suited for:

a variety of applications including audio systems, ZigBeeR, power tools,

medical , board controllers, networking, metering,

optical transceivers, motor control, white goods and any battery

powered product.

Atmel XMegaAVR

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Event System communication without CPU or DMA usage.

This ensures 100% predictable and short response time.

Up to 8 simultaneous events or interrupt conditions

DMA Controller 4-channel DMA Controller .

handles transfers data between all combinations of data

memories and peripherals independent CPU .

Real 12-bit ADC and DAC high-speed 12-bit analog peripherals.

Capable of up to 2 Msps,

Since XMEGA also features

two 12-bit DAC with up to 1 Msps

four analog comparators,

XMEGA microcontrollers have leading analog

integration.

Atmel Xmega AVR

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Atmel Xmega AVR

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Product EEPROM (Bytes)

RAM (Bytes) LCD

ATmega169(P)(A) 512 1K 4x25

ATmega329(P)(A) 1K 2K 4x25

ATmega649(P)(A) 2K 4K 4x25

ATmega3290(P)(A) 1K 2K 4x40

ATmega6490(P)(A) 2K 4K 4x40

AVR with LCD

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AVR with Can driver

Product

ATmega32C1

ATmega64C1

AT90CAN32

AT90CAN64

AT90CAN128

The CAN AVR devices range from 32 K to 128 K Byte flash memory.

AVR with CAN

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Product

AT90USB646

AT90USB1286

AT90USB647

AT90USB1287

ATmega16U4

ATmega32U4

ATmega8U2

ATmega16U2

ATmega32U2

AT90USB162

AT90USB82

AVR with USB