8-1 Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 8 Lecture Outline: Appendicular...
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Transcript of 8-1 Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 8 Lecture Outline: Appendicular...
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Human Anatomy, First EditionMcKinley & O'Loughlin
Chapter 8 Lecture Outline:Appendicular Skeleton
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Appendicular Skeleton Includes the bones of the upper and lower
limbs. The girdles of bones that attach the upper and
lower limbs to the axial skeleton. pectoral girdle consists of bones that hold the upper
limbs in place pelvic girdle consists of bones that hold the lower
limbs in place
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Pelvis The adult pelvis is composed of four bones:
the sacrum, the coccyx, and the right and left ossa coxae.
Protects and supports the viscera in the inferior part of the ventral body cavity.
Pelvic girdle refers to the left and right ossa coxae only.
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Os Coxae Commonly referred to as the “hip bone” or
innominate bone. Each is formed from three separate bones:
the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis Each articulates posteriorly with the sacrum at
the sacroiliac joint.
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Pelvic Brim A continuous oval ridge that helps subdivide the entire
pelvis into a true pelvis and a false pelvis. true pelvis lies inferior to the pelvic brim
encloses the pelvic cavity and forms a deep bowl that contains the pelvic organs
false pelvis lies superior to the pelvic brim enclosed by the ala of the iliac bones forms the inferior region of the abdominal cavity
and houses the inferior abdominal organs
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Arches of the Foot The sole of the foot does not rest flat on
the ground. Helps it support the weight of the body. Ensures that the blood vessels and
nerves on the sole of the foot are not pinched when standing.
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Arches of the Foot Medial longitudinal arch extends from the heel
to the big toe. Lateral longitudinal arch is not as high as the
medial longitudinal arch. Transverse arch runs perpendicular to the
longitudinal arches.
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Aging of the Appendicular Skeleton Skeletal mass and density decline. Erosion and porosity increase. Bones become more brittle and susceptible to
fracture. Articulating surfaces deteriorate, contributing
to osteoarthritis. Changes begin in childhood and continue
throughout life.
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Limb Malformations Polydactyly Ectrodactyly Syndactyly Amelia Phocomelia