7th Report EGIG

8/7/2019 7th Report EGIG

1/33

! "!# $ %# !

& # " '"(' ) "$

" * +,#( " $ %! # - %

# * "* .* ") )

* '& -/ "

! " #$! %&'!#(#)" )##$


2/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

* + " )##$ "*, -

! "!# $ %

# !& # " '"

(' ) "$" * +,

#( " $ %! # - %# * "* .* "

) )* '

& -/ "

. ! " * " / * .* * "* * / */ * /

0 / 0 0 * 0 !* / " !

1" !

0 " * 2)##3!

4 * " 0 " !

1 " "

! " # $! % & '( ! % & '(

) * (+,, #- % ) * (+,, #- %

5 6 789 (# ()9 9333& !: ; !

< " ==000! !

! ' %* "! )!* )* % 7 % 7* " * *" 9 - "! * " "*%" %* " %" ) "! "! %* 9* 9 * 9 - * "! '

) - "


3/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

>

2?? @AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!(

9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! B

) " !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $

4 5 7 " *

4 4 -: %" 9

4 8 "

4 ; * " "

4 < = "

8 * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 9#

8 5 7 " *

8 4 *7 "! * " * "

8 4 5 *" "! 8 4 4 *

8 8 7 > %

8 8 5 - *7 % " 8 8 4 . 7 7 > % 8 8 8 %* 7 7 > %

8 ; "!

8 ; 5 8 ; 4 " %" * *7 % " 8 ; 8 ' " * *- - " 8 ; ; ' : 7 " "

C !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 88

( !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 88


4/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

5 25@ *" "! *7 " * " ' 4@ *" "! " % 8@ *" "! *7 %* " %" * % ;@ *" "! " *7 %* " %

% %


5/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

2?? @

' 5634 * " * " * "* "** "! " " 9 "* "! " * "!" " * *7 "! " * " ! %** " * )

7* - "! "" *7 ' * % " " * . " '%** " * *7 7 7" :* " * " * "* * " "! *) *7

" 9 " - *7 % " " %* %" % 5602

! ' " - 9 - - * % *7 7* " * "! " "* !* "* "* * " " *9 "! 7 " 7* % *7 * C " *

" '" * *9 - * - 7* " " " %

' ! " "! * % " " -* %* *7 7 7" * %* " *) %* %" % " " * * "

582 222 *7 9 ! "*" * )! %! "! "! *7" * *7 * " * 8 5< *

! " " " % *7 % " %* %" "! " - 9 - 7 7 > % !*9 % " 7 > % > "* 2 80 % " 5 222 *9 "! *5602 "* 4220

! < *9 9 7 7 > % )! %! " "! 9 % "7 > % *9 "! " < > 2 5; % " 5 222 !7 > % * " ? " *) "! "! * * " "! 7 " *7 "! " -

56021560; ! 7 7 > % ! 9 - % *9 "! "!* ! "! " *7 %" *

! *) % " ! :* % *7 % " " " 7 % % !*"

%* " %" ! ! ! 7 7 > % "* %* * * "!"! % " %* " %" ' % " "* *9 " %

* * :* 7 % * "! *%% % *7 %* * * 7


6/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

1 INTRODUCTION

! *7 7* "! " * " *7 > " " *7 " "* " "*%* % * " % %* " 7 9 * " 7 * *7" * " ! 7 " "! *" %" * *7 "! 9 * " %* " " *-: %" 9 "! * %

-* " %* " %" * * " * " % *7 " *7 "! * ""

' 5634 * " * " * "* "** "! " " 9 "* "! " * "!" " * *7 "! " * " ! %** " * )

7* - "! "" *7 ' * ' % " " * ! *-: %" 9 *7"! " " 9 ) "* *9 - * - 7* "! % % " * *7 7 " 7* % *7

" * "! *9 * " % %" *7 "! 7 > % *- - " *7% " "! )* ! 9 - * - ) "! "! " " *7 %! %* %*

" ' %** " * *7 7 7" :* " * " * "* *" "! *) *7 " 9 " - *7 % " " %* %" % 5602 ' "! *

- ") 422; 4220 "! ) :* " * %* ! 9 - %* '- ! " % " %* *)@

! "! # $ % # ! & # " '" (' ) "$ " * +,

#( " $ %! # - % # * "* .* " ) ) * ' & -/ "

* "! - *7 " % " "! " " *7 "! " "! * *9* 9 7 * 5602 * ) 7* * " *7 "! %* "! ' " - 9 -

- * % *7 7* " * ! * 77 % %! * " * " * * %%* " * *" " "* %%* " * "! " "! " 7 * "! " - " 9 *7

" % " %*

+ 7* 7 " * ! 9 - %* " " *9 "! " * * > " * %* " *"! " "! " %* %" " " "! ' " - 9 7 7* " * -* "" )! %! ! 9 9 * *9 "! ' "! ' * " * " " "! 7 "

7* % *7 "! " " * " * * *9 - *- 7* " " " % 9 "! " % % " - 9 "* "! " " " * *7

# " " * %*" ")* ( "! ( " +" " * "! ")*


7/33


8/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

2 EGIG DATABASE

2.1 Definition

! ' " - %* " 7* " * * % " . " % " "

*7 " " * "! " - 7 * 5602

2.2 Objective

! *-: %" 9 *7 "! ' " - "* %* %" " " * " " * * *7% " * "* * " * "! 7 " 7* % *7 "! * " *

"* *9 - * - 7* " " " %

2.3 Criteria

! > % " 7* % " "* - %* "! ' " - "! 7* *) @

- ! % " " "* " " *

- ! " 7 7 "! 7* *) %* " * @

* - *7 " * - * !* * ! 9 * " ! ! "! 5< - * - *% " * " "! 7 % *7 "! " " *

*" "! " ! * " "! " * " - "! "!"* 7 %" % " " * *

' % " * * %" * * 9* 9 > " * %* * " 9 9 %* **" %* "! ' " -

2.4 Contents

! ' " - %* " 7* " * -* " :* * " *" ) % 7 % 7* " * -* " "! % "

" 7* " * 9 * "! % " * %%* "*@

- "- .- D *7 %* " %" *- *7 %* "- "! *7 %*9- *7 "- ( "! %


9/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

% 7 % 7* " * -* " % " %* @

- ! %! %" " % *7 "! * )! %! "! % " ! "!7* " * " -*9

- ! $ @ . !* B% % @ "! " *7 "! !* "! * > "* 4 % /* @ "! " *7 "! !* "! 4 % "! * > "* "!

" *7 "! # " @ "! " *7 "! !* "! "! "

- ! " % *7 "! % " " " 7 % * * * * " %" * 7 %"B " 7 /*" " - * * *9 " "! *)

- ! *%% % * * 1*%% % *7 " *- ! %* > %- ' 7* " * * "! ) "! % " ! - " %" %* " %"* *) " *- 7 " " 7* " 7* " *

" * 7* " * * 9 7* "! 9 % @

- " " 7 % @ ! %" 9 " ! 9 % "! % " * )* ! > " 9* 9 "! % " %!* - *$ % 9 "* * ! ! " *" %" 9 % 9

- * * * @

! *% " * " " ! %* * * " 9 % "" " %* * * % % E F

- * " %" * 7 %"B " 7 @ ! " *7 7 %" %* " %" * * " ! 7 %" " ! *" " * " 7 ) ! " " !" 7 - 7 %"* -

- * *9 "@ ! " *7 * *9 " - * * 7 ** 9

- "! *) @ ! -1% * " *7 % " * %! * !" " %

2.5 Limits

! ' " - 9 *9 9 ) *7 "! 9 7 " 9 *7 * " *" '" 9 7* " * * "! " - " * *7 % " "

" ) "! % - " * *" *77 "! * - " *7%* " * ' *"! )* ) "! "! ' " - " * - "* *) "! % "7 > % *7 ;41 %! * "* *) "! % " 7 > % *7 ) "! ) "! %*7 5< - " " *" * - "* " %""! % " 7 > % *7 "! ;41 %! ) "!) "! % *7 5


10/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3 ANALYSES AND RESULTS

3.1 Definitions

! *-: %" 9 *7 " " " % "* " " "! 7* " * "* ) %* % * 7 * "!* "! * " * 7 * )! %! "! "

! " " " % -* " "! 7 " 9 *7 "! " * " -* % "* %! 7 7 > % " * *- - "

! 7 7 > % % % " - 9 "! - *7 % " - "! * ! '* " " ")* *7 7 7 > % "! "! %* ! 7 "* "!

*" * *7 "*" " * %" 9 ! *" * 7 - *)

- * "! "! *7 " * " * %*9 "! " -

* " 1 G H @ %* "! " - !%* " " "! *7 " * *9 < *7 5 222 '" * "! 100 cm

Under water

5 ( .


14/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

? !*) "! " "! * " %* * ) "! % < "* 52 ! *!*) * " % ) "! * * " * " - " * *7 "! ) "! % %

% " 7* "! J < %

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

L e n g t

h [ k m

]

Unknown5 mm

5 - 10 mm10 - 15 mm

15 - 20 mm20 - 25 mm

25 - 30 mm> 30 mm

5 B 0 4

0 * " " "! " "! *7 " * " K


15/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3 % !*) * % *7 ! ! ) "! " "*" ?? - -*9

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

L e n g t

h [ k m

]

Unknown< 16 bar

16 - 25 bar26 - 35 bar

36 - 45 bar46 - 55 bar

56 - 65 bar66 - 75 bar

> 75 bar

5 $ 6

3.2.2 Exposure

6 !*) "! % *7 "! "*" " * * " 1 G H* "! * 560214220 "! "*" " * ) 8 5< * ! %

"* "! 1"*1 % - " "! %* " %" * *7 ) "! '" % " * *7 ) * "*

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

E x p o s u r e

[ k m . y

r ]

5 3 . 6


16/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3.3 Failure frequencies analyses

! % % " * *7 7 " % "* "! %* 7 7 > % 7 "*"! *" * @ "! "*" " * "! " " * "! - *7 % "

3.3.1 Number of incidents

' "! ? "! ' * " )! %! %*9 "! * 56021422; "*" *7 5 548 % " )%* ' "! " "! ;6 % " ) * " - "! ' - )! %! -

"! "*" - *7 % " "* 5 504 7* "! * 560214220 52 !*) "! - *7% " 55 "! % " 9 - *7 % ""!* ! * * %* - %* ' - " "! " "! - *7% " % "!* ! "! " "! %

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

10

20

30

40

50

60

N u m

b e r o

f i n c i

d e n t s

[ - ]

5 9# "


17/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

N u m

b e r o

f i n c i

d e n t s

[ - ]

5 99 . "

3.3.2 Primary failure frequencies

! 7 7 > % "! " *7 "! - *7 % " 55 ) "! *9 - "! %* * "*" " * 6 * "! * "

"! - *7 % " 9 * * "! "*" " *

' ! %* "! 7 7 > % *7 77 " * "! "*" *560214220 "! * %* * "* "! ?"! ' * " 56021422; "! * *7 "! " % 2 80 *9 "! " * 560214220!" *) "! "! 7 7 > % *7 2 ;2 * " "! * *7 56021422; ?"! '

* "

! 7 7 > % *9 "! " 7 9 2 5; 7* 422814220 * "! *7 "!7 7 > % *9 "! " * !*) "! *9 7 " 7* % *9

% " * "! 7 7 > % *9 "! " 2 55 7* 4220 !" *)"! "! 7 7 > % *7 2 5; % % " *9 "! " < 422814220


18/33


19/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

F r e q u e n c y p e r

1 0 0 0 k m . y

r

Primary failure frequen cy: averagePrimary failure frequency: 5 ye ar moving average

5 98 * 1 . 3(F

' 4220 "! 7 7 > % *9 "! " * ) 2 80 % " 5 222) "! 6


20/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

Externalinterf.

Co rro sio n Co nstr.defect / Mat.Failure

Hot tapmade byerror

Groundmovem.

Other / Unknown

Cause

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

P e r c e n

t a g e

%

5 9C "

5< !*) "! 7 7 > % % 7* "! " *

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 7 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r

External interferenceCorrosion

Construction defect / Material failure

Hot tap made by errorGround movement

Other and unknown

5 9( * 1 , * -


21/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

5? !*) "! 7 7 > % % 7* "! < *9 97* %!

2 0 0 4

1 9 7 4

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 2

1 9 7 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 9 3

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 7

1 9 7 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 5

1 9 7 5

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 6

2 0 0 3

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 7

1 9 9 4

2 0 0 1

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 6

1 9 7 6

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 7

Year [-]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

M o v i n g a v e r a g e p r i m a r y

f a i l u r e

f r e q u e n c y

( 5 y e a r

) External interferenceCorrosion

Construction defect / Material failure

Hot tap made by errorGround movement

Other and unknown

5 9B * 1 ,(&* . . -

5< 5? " " "! % 7 7 > % *9 "! ! ! -"* " %! * * % 9 * " %! ) %" * %* " * * "* 1

%" * *9 *% 7* 9 " * " %" *

7 "! % *7 " " 7 % %* % " *% " 7 7 > %*9 "! * 560214220 % "* 2 53 % " 5 222 )! "!


22/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

Externalinterf.

Co rro sio n C on str.defect / Mat.Failure

Hot tapmade byerror

Groundmovem.

Other / Unknown

Cause

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25


1 0 0 0 k m . y

r

Unknown Pinhole/crack Hole Rupture

5 9 " 0 G 4

50 !*) " " 7 % * *9 " "! % * " "* %"

' - 8 *9 9 ) 9 *7 "! :* %" 9 " % % " )! %! "*" " 7 % % "

%" 9 " . % " GAH83

* )* 6. - % )* 6

% " 6)* 3

" 8 . 6 "*

3.3.3 Secondary failure frequencies

! %* 7 7 > % % % " - 9 "! - *7 % " - "" * . " " * 7* "! * " "* *

" % * * *7 %* " %" * %

! % % " * *7 %* 7 7 > % " "* * " " "! 7 % *7 N " L " "! *7 %*9 "% * "! % %* > % *7"! % "

! " % * " * " 1 %" * " * "% ) *7 % "! 7 7 > % ! " -* " "! " *" %* %" "! " -

"! "! 7 % % *" - " " "! * "


23/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

* "! % "! %* 7 7 > % ! 9 - % % " %%* "* "!7* *) " @

- " " 7 % @ "! " *7 "! "! "! *7 %*9 "! )"! %

- * * * @ "! *7 %* " %" * "! " *7 %* " "! ) "! %- * " %" * 7 %"B " 7 @ "! *7 %* " %" *- /*" " - * @ "! " *7 "!- * *9 "@ "! " *7 "!- "! *) @ %

* * *9 " *"! * *) % *"! * 9 " %* " ** "

3.3.3.1 Relationship between external interference, size of leak and design parameter

53 "* 42 !*) "! " * ! - ") "! %* > % *7 "! % " % -" " 7 % "! " *7 "! "! "! *7 %*9 "! ) "! %"!* ! "! ! " " " " - *" % "! " "! "

%* " "!* ! * > " " " 9 %* " * - ") " ! 9 - "

5 5-10 11-17 17-23 23-29 29-35 35-41 41-47 47

Diameter class [inches]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 9$ " 0 6 / G 4


24/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

< 80 80-100 > 100

Cover class [cm]

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 93 " 0 6 / G 4.

5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 > 30Nominal wall thickness [mm]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 )# " 0 6 / G 4 04

* "! 7 * %* % * % - ) ! 7 " %* % * "! "" * 9 - "* " " 7 % "! "

! % - - "! 7 %" "! " " % - * !*** )* "! ! %* * "! " "! " % *7" *)

"* "! ) "! %


25/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

42 %* - ) "! ? %* 7 "! " "! ) "! % % *7 21<


26/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 > 30

Nominal wall thickness [mm]

0

0.02

0.05

0.08

0.1

0.12


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 )8 " 0 / G 4 0 4

* * * ! - " 7 "! "! * " %* * % *7 % " 5 % )! 44 !*) "! " * - ") "! " *7 %* " "! 77 > % * "! 7 " % - %* % "! " "! * ) "!- " %* " %* " ! 9 ! ! 7 7 > % *9 "! )!* * %*9 - "!

" - ! 77 %" *7 %*9 ! 8 ;

* * * ! * * *7 " * " * *7 "! * * * " % " *7"! ) "! % - " "! "! "! %* * ) "! ** "! 7

48 " " ! 7 * " *7 "! %! * > % * * * *"! % " * - 7* % % " "! 7* ! * %! % "* -

" %" - 7* 7 . *" %" 9 " - *) "* *9 %* "!*- *7 %* * * %! % "!* % *" %" * %* " ' %" * -

%* * * "* - " %" " "

! % " * *7 %* * * ! 9 - %* - ' @ " %* * * " %* * *%* * * ) "! *) % + "* 4220 "! " 35A 5


27/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3.3.3.3 Relationship between construction defect/material failure, size of leak and year of construction class

4; !*) "! " "! * ! 9 ! ! 7 7 > % "* %* " %" *

7 %"B " 7 %! * * % *9 " "!* !" "* ! 9 " %%* " %" * 7 %"B " 7

Before1954

1954-1963

1964-1973

1974-1983

1984-1993

1994-2003

After2004

Year of construction

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 )C " 0 = / G4 *

3.3.3.4 Relationship between hot tap made by error, size of leak and diameter class

! " E!*" " - * F "! " %* %" * ! - - * "* ! !" * )! %! ! - %* %" " 7 *"!

4< " "! 7 7 > % )! %! !*) "! " "! *7 * % *" * "*$ *7 !* - " * "* $ *7 !* % ) "! 9

"


28/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

5 5-10 11-17 17-23 23-29 29-35 35-41 41-47 47


0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 )( " 0 "* / G 4

3.3.3.5 Ground movement

* *9 " * - 7* 0A *7 "! "*" % " "! " -4? !*) "! " * ! - ") * *9 " $ *7 " %

* *9 " % " % "! $ * !*) "! " "

* 9 - 7* * *9 " "! " * *9 " "% " "* "! % 7 % *" %! % %* " * *

5 5-10 11-17 17-23 23-29 29-35 35-41 41-47 47


0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05


1 0 0 0 k m

. y r


5 )B " 0 . / G 4


29/33


30/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3.4 Other analyses

3.4.1 Ageing analysis' ! 9 " " "! " * ! - ") "! *7 "! "! 7

7 > % "* " )! "! * 7 "* %* * * * *7" "! *% " %* " %" ! 7 % *7 "! *7 "! * "! 7 7 > %

! - " "! " 43

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50

age class [year]

f r e q u e n c y p e r

1 0 0 0 k m

. y r

Before 1964 1964-1973 1974-1983 1984-1993 1994-2003 After 2003

5 )$ * , - " 0*

&

! "

%* " %" ! ! ! 7 7 > % "* %* * * "!"! % " %* " %" ' % " "* *9 " %

* * :* 7 % * "! *%% % *7 %* * * 7

3.4.2 Detection of incidents

46 !*) "! " - " * *7 "! " *7 " %" * &* " % " " %" - "! - %) "! * " 83A *7 % " " %"


31/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

Unknown

Client Sta ff Contr. Dis tr icomp.

Landown.

Onlineinsp.

Patrol Riverpolice

Public Other

Type of detection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

P e r c e n

t a g e o

f i n c i

d e n

t s [ % ]


5 )3

3.4.3 Ignition probability

* " " *" 9 " )! %! * " "! %* > % *7 "! % "' "! * 560214220 * ; ;A *7 "! %* % " "! ' " -

"' " * * "! " % *7 * " * * % ! ' " - 9 "!

* * " " "* 9 " "! - ") " * $ - ; " "! " **- - " "

$ *7 ' " * *- - " GAH. !* 1% % ;/* 4# " 58

" C " " 4 *

- < !*) "! " % *7 " 7 * " *

"* " "! 7 * " = " ** "* - ! !

$ *7 # " ' " * *- - " GAH# " OP 5? %! 52# " Q 5? %! 88

" ( " "

' % 7 % ** " "! " * *- - " *7 % - !" " *7 42"! * 560214220 % - !" 55 " )! %! - "! " *

*- - " *7 "* !" "*


32/33

0"! ' 1 * " ' 23 # 2224560214220

3.4.4 Injuries and fatalities

' 9 * " " " % 7* " * -* " 7 7 > % % *7 % " * *7"! " % " 7* " " % : 9 7 " " ' "! ' " -"! 5504 % " *7 )! %! 55 % "! : * 7 " "

" " 7 % "! % *7 "! :* " *7 % " ! * " " "! * " % *7"! 9 % *7 "! " )* ** > " %* " "!%* "* 9* " "! " 7 % " * *% " * *7


33/33

4 CONCLUSIONS

' ! " "! * % " " -* %* *7 7 7" * %* " *) %* %" % " " * * "

582 222 *7 9 ! "*" * )! %! "! "! *7" * *7 * " * 8 5< *

! " " " % *7 % " %* %" "! " - 9 - 7 7 > % !*9 % " 7 > % > "* 2 80 % " 5 222 *9 "! *5602 "* 4220

! < *9 9 7 7 > % )! %! " "! 9 % "7 > % *9 "! " < > 2 5; % " 5 222 !7 > % * " ? " *) "! "! * * " "! 7 " *7 "! " -

56021560; ! 7 7 > % ! 9 - % *9 "! "!* ! "! " *7 %" *

! *) % " ! :* % *7 % " " " 7 % % !*"

%* " %" ! ! ! 7 7 > % "* %* * */ "!"! % " %* " %" ' % " "* *9 " %

* * :* 7 % * "! *%% % *7 %* * * 7

5 REFERENCE

? "! # * " *7 "! * . % " " * 56021422; % - 422

7th Report EGIG

Documents

Transcript of 7th Report EGIG