7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1 Air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6.
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Transcript of 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1 Air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6.
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1
Air pollution and smoking
7.7.66
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 2
Effects of polluted air on our health
Burning fossil fuels gives out
air pollutants (空氣污染物 )
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 3
Effects of polluted air on our health sulphur dioxide
(二氧化硫 )
nitrogen oxides (氮氧化物 )
carbon monoxide (一氧化碳 )ozone
(臭氧 )
suspended particulates (懸浮粒子 )
air pollutants
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 4
Effects of polluted air on our health
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
Effect:
irritate our eyes and throat
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Effect:
irritate our lungs
5
Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Effect:
irritate our lungs
6
Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxidesrespiratory diseases like bronchitis and
asthma
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 7
Effects of polluted air on our healthlead particles Effect:
adversely affect brain functions
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 8
Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon monoxide Effect:
lowers amount of oxygen in blood
dizziness and headaches
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 9
Breathing in air with pollutants can cause various health problems.
Effects of polluted air on our health
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 10
Air pollution index (API)
What does this tells us?
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 11
reported by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD)
Air pollution index (API)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 12
ranges from 0 to 500Air pollution index (API)
divided into 5 levels
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 13
Air pollution index (API)air quality monitoring station (空氣質素監測
站 )
instruments for measuring the levels of certain air pollutants
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 14
Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Air pollution index (API)
None No action isNeeded
0|
25
Low
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 15
Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Air pollution index (API)
None No immediate action is needed
26|
50
Medium
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 16
Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Immediate health effects in very few people
No immediate action is needed
51|
100
High
Air pollution index (API)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 17
Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen mildly
People with heart or respiratory diseases should reduce physicaland outdoor activities
101|
200
Very high
Air pollution index (API)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 18
Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Wheezing and coughing among general public;health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen significantly
All people should reducephysical and outdooractivities
Severe201
|
500
Air pollution index (API)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 19
The API describes the air quality. The higher the API, the poorer the air quality.
Air pollution index (API)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 20
7.5Air quality in Hong Kong
Air quality
monitoring
station
Distribution of hourly API
(number of hours)
Low
(0–25)
Medium
(26–50)
High
(51–100)
Very high
(101–200)
Severe
(201–500)
A 115 978 972 35 0
B 182 952 966 0 0
C 0 881 1208 11 0
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 21
7.51 Which station (A, B or C) is most
probably located in the rural area? Explain your answer.
Station B, because the API was never recorded as very high or severe over the three months. It also has the largest number of hours recorded with low air pollution level.
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 22
7.52 Suppose station C is located in
Causeway Bay. Suggest reasons for the poor air quality in Causeway Bay.
The heavy traffic in Causeway Bay releases a large amount of exhaust gas. The air pollutants in the exhaust gas are trapped in the area by tall buildings.
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 23
Effects of smoking on our health
Say NO to smoking!
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 24
Effects of smoking on our health> 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke
> 50 harmful to health
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 25
Cigarette smoking model7.20 Experiment
video
1
cigarette
to air pump
cotton woolU-shaped tube
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 26
2
light the cigarette
turn on the air pump
7.20
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 27
What happens to the colour of the cotton wool?It turns yellow/brown.
2
7.20
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 28
Effect of smoking on our health
the yellow substance left is tar (焦油 )
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 29
Effect of smoking on our health
tar
black tar deposits
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 30
Effect of smoking on our healthfrom a healthy person
from a smoker
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 31
Effect of smoking on our health
Tar• Causes throat and lung cancer• Causes coughs and other respiratory diseases,
e.g. bronchitis
• Stains the teeth and finger nails
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Nicotine (尼古丁 ) • Lowers the oxygen content in blood
32
Effect of smoking on our health
• Increases heart rate and blood pressure• Leads to heart diseases
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Carbon monoxide• Lowers the oxygen content in blood
33
Effect of smoking on our health
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Hydrogen cyanide (氰化氫 )
• Irritates the eyes, nose and skin
34
Effect of smoking on our health
• Causes weakness, headaches and vomiting
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 35
Passive smoking
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 36
Passive smoking
Immediate effects
eye irritation
headaches
coughs
sore throat
dizziness
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 37
Passive smoking
Long-term effects
increased risk of smoking-related diseases
(e.g. respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases)
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 38
Non-smokers’ lung and smokers’ lung
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 39
Smoking and passive smoking largely increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases.
Effect of smoking on our health
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
1 The major cause of air pollution is the burning of large amounts of
__________.
40
77
fossil fuels
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
2 Air pollutants can cause respiratory diseases such as __________ and __________.
41
77
bronchitisasthma
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
3 The range of the Air Pollution Index is divided into ______ air pollution levels.
42
five
77
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
4 ______ is a yellow substance in cigarette smoke. It can cause cancer.
43
Tar
77
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 44
5 Cigarette smoking is addictive because cigarette smoke contains ________.nicotine
77