Lecture № 3 Political power and democracy. Political parties and public organizations.
72867729 Political Parties 2 3
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Transcript of 72867729 Political Parties 2 3
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Political Parties
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Notebook Stuff TP- Political Parties
CM-218-275 You will need 3 pages; 1 CM per
section
Map of U.S. Coloring the Blue and Red States
from the 2004 election
Graphic Organizer- 1 page typed paper
comparing and contrasting the basic principals
of the Democratic and Republican parties.
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More Notebook Stuff
Illustrated Dictionary Words; Political
Party, Political Machine, Exit Poll,Propaganda, Public Opinion
Section Reviews-
Pg. 232 1-18 Pg. 252 1-15
Pg. 276 1-18
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What is a Political Party? Definition: a group of political activists who organize to win elections,
to operate the government, and to determine public policy.
Parties versus interest groups
Functions of parties
Recruiting candidates to run for elective offices at all levels of
government
Mobilize citizens to vote and participate in elections
Bear the responsibility of operating government at all levels
Providing organized opposition to the party in power is an essentialrole for a party that does not control one or another branch of thegovernment. History of Political Parties
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Red vs. Blue
In the years after 1968, the general
pattern was often a Republicanpresident and a Democratic Congress.
2000 Presidential Election (Red state-
blue state)
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Election 1896
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Election 2000
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Election 2004
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The Two Major Parties Today
The parties core constituents
Economic beliefs
Recent economic convergence?
Republican and Democratic Budgets
Democrats have the reputation ofsupporting the less-well-off, andRepublicans the prosperous.
Cultural Politics
Cultural Politics and Socioeconomic StatusThe Regional Factor in Cultural Politics
The 2004 Election: Economics and NationalSecurity
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Fig. 8-4 Republican Issues
and Democratic Issues
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The Three Faces of a Party
1-The people who identify with the party orwho regularly vote for the candidates ofthe party in general elections
2-Party organizationNational
Convention delegates
National Committee National Chairperson
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Three Faces of a Party (cont.)
State party organization
Local (grass roots) organization Patronage and City Machines
Local Party Organizations Today
3-The Party in Government Divided Government
The Limits of Party Unity Party Polarization
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Why Has the Two Party
System Endured?
Often, on major issues confronting the countrythere have been two clear sides. This dualityhelped to initiate a two-party system and hasmaintained this system through the present.
Political socialization and practical considerations The Winner-Take-All Electoral System
Presidential Voting
Popular Election of the Governors andPresident
Proportional Representation
State and Federal Laws Favoring the Two Parties
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The Role of Minor Parties in U.S.
Politics
Ideological Third Parties
Splinter Parties
The Impact of Minor Parties
Influencing the Major Parties
Affecting the Outcome of an Election
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Mechanisms of Political Change
Realignment: a process in which a substantialgroup of voters switches party allegiance,producing a long-term change in the politicallandscape.
The Myth of Dominance The Myth of Predictability
Is Realignment Still Possible?
Dealignment: a major drop-off in support for
the parties. Independent Voters
Not-So-Independent Voters
Tipping
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Fig. 8-5 Party Identification:
1937-Present
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The Most Successful Third
Party Campaigns Since 1864
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A voter or a candidate who does not identify with apolitical party is called an independent.
Functions of political parties in the United States
include:
operating the government.
acting as an organized opposition to the party in power.recruiting candidates for public office.
presenting alternative policies to the electorate.
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The political party out of power is expected to
oppose the party in power when appropriate &
expected to force debate on policy alternatives.
A political system in which only two parties havea reasonable chance of winning is called a two-
party system.
George Washington viewed political parties as athreat to national unity and popular government.
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During the last half-century, the Democrats have
been known as the party of the working class
and of racial and ethnic minorities.
During the last half-century, the Republicans
have been known as the party of business and
known for having an ethic of self-reliance.
Republicans have emphasized the importance
of the marketplace and less emphasis on social
programs.
Democrats have emphasized social welfare and
protection of seniors benefits.
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In recent years, cultural issues have become
increasingly important in defining the
differences between the parties.Abortion, Stem Cell, Same Sex Marriage
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The National Convention of the party:writes the party platform.
nominates a presidential candidate.
seeks to make peace between supporters
of rival candidates.
chooses a national committee to govern
the party between conventions.
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The two-party system has dominated the
American political landscape because:there has often been a single overriding issue that splitsthe electorate in two.
the election of governors and the president by the
people (directly or indirectly), and not by a vote of a
legislative body.
state and federal laws favor the two major parties.
many people believe that the only practical way to gain
power is to be a Republican or a Democrat.
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Many political scientists contend that third parties
have acted as barometers of changes in thepolitical mood.
Third parties have influenced American politics
by getting their policies adopted by a major party
& determining whether the Republicans or
Democrats win an election.
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The following are arguments in favor of voting for
a third-party candidate who represents one'sviews:it is a way to bring new ideas into the national debate.
the beliefs of the major-party candidates may be a long way
from your own.not all elections are close, and it is better to express your
beliefs than to vote for a sure winner or loser.
it can be satisfying to be right, even if you lose.