7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 1

III. Performance Indicators Reveal “Stars and Stripes”

Has Been a Highly Significant Success

The following three statistical charts for Stars and Stripes Performance indicators are for the two years preceding the program and its first years in existence. Since those early days, the performance indicators have maintained the low numbers of the early dramatic decrease in problems.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 2

Description of the Characteristics of the Harris County Youth Village as of August 2002

• Average Daily Population: 119• Average Length of Stay: 3.9 months• Number of Youths in Program Per Year: 392• Percentage of Juvenile:

– Felons 54 %– Misdemeanants 46 %

• Cost per Bed per day $69.50• Annual Cost per Youth per Year $25,367• Percentage of Recidivists (new offenses) 16%• Only 6% on Psychiatric Medications

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 3

Stars and Stripes Brings a Dramatic Decrease in Injuries and Costs of Medical Care

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1993 1994 1995

Injuries

MedicalAttention

Medical costs due to injuries while on duty that resulted in medical care showed a dramatic decrease from 1993 before “Stars and Stripes” through 1995 after “Stars and Stripes was initiated. “Stars and Stripes” was officially begun in May of 1994.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 4

Number of Injuries versus Those Needing and Receiving Medical Attention: by Months for 1993-1995

Red bars = Number of Injuries

Blue bars = Injuries Needing and Receiving Medical Attention

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 5

INJURY AND MEDICAL ATTENTION RATES FOR 1993-1995WITH PERCENTAGE DECREASE BETWEEN 1995 AND BOTH 1994 AND 1993.

IN 1996 THESE TRENDS TEND TO CONTINUE TO IMPROVE

UP TO FINAL TABULATIONS IN 1995

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Total 1995 Total Prorated

1995 INJURY 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 8 81995 MEDICAL ATTN. 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 4

Decrease from 1994

to 19951994 INJURY 1 1 3 5 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 1 32 4 times fewer1994 MEDICAL ATTN. 0 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 14 3 1/2 times fewer

From 1993 to '94

1993 INJURY 1 4 2 5 3 0 3 5 7 4 3 1 38 4 3/4 times fewer

1993 MEDICAL ATTN. 1 3 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 14 3 1/2 times fewer

HCYV Estimates Based on # of Injured Seeking Medical Attention: Worker's Compensation for HCYV Stars and Stripes down: 2 and 1/2 times lower.Based on HCJPD Annual Statistical Report: Worker's Compensation for Harris Co. Juvenile Probation Dept. is 2 times higher.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 6

Stars and Stripes Brings Dramatic Decrease in AWOLs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Jan-JuneJuly-Dec

AWOLs showed a dramatic decrease from two years prior to “Stars and Stripes” through two years after “Stars and Stripes was initiated.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 7

Stars and Stripes Reduces AWOLs Annual Chart 1992 Two Years Pre through 1996 Two Years Post Stars and Stripes

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 8

AWOL CHART by Year and Months, 1992-1996

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 9

STATISTICS FOR AWOLS 1992 THROUGH 1996

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTALS

1992 8 5 7 12 16 7 5 8 9 5 3 2 87

1993 11 14 4 8 14 2 12 5 4 6 8 7 95

1994 7 0 5 7 10 8 9 2 8 5 0 2 63

1995 0 0 1 5 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 1 17

1996 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2

AWOLS BY 6 MO. PERIODS 95 First half is down 9 times fewer from First half of 1992

JAN 96-JUNE 96 2JULY 95-DEC 95 11JAN 95-JUN 95 6JULY 94-DEC 94 26JAN 94-JUN 94 37JULY 93-DEC 93 42JAN 93 JUN 93 53JULY 92 - DEC 92 32JAN 92-JUN 92 55

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 10

Stars And Stripes Brings Dramatic Drop In Violence And Restraints

020406080

100120140160180200

Prorated1993

1994 1995

Fights

ManualRestraintsMechanicalRestraints

Fights and Violence Requiring Manual or Mechanical Restraint Dropped Dramatically only after Stars and Stripes had been in Place for the first year.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 11

Restraint Type and Fights: 1993 One Year Pre through 1995 One Year Post Stars and Stripes

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 12

Stats on Restraint Types and Fights 1993 One Year Pre through 1995 One Year Post Stars and Stripes

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1993 93 PRORATED

Fights 22 14 16 17 15 15 198

Man Res 5 8 14 10 10 11 116

Mech Res 14 12 18 15 11 9 158

1994

Fights 12 15 15 13 16 7 17 13 14 9 9 12 152

Man Res 7 9 2 7 9 12 16 9 7 7 10 7 102

Mech Res 10 8 7 20 15 25 16 13 21 20 8 8 171

1995 Fights 12 12 8 9 12 9 13 8 11 11 8 6 119

Man Res 1 5 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 17

Mech Res 7 2 6 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 18

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 13

Statistics for the Education Department from 1999 through August of 2002

1. In the past 3 years, 192 residents have received their GED’s

2. Recent 2001-2002 TASS test results were:

Writing Math Reading

100% 60% 84.6%

3. Many students gain as many as three grade levels during their stay

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 14

Table 5 Formal Program Feature Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis

26 13 TOTAL FEATURES ADDRESSED OF 28

  Yes. 28. Comprehensive aftercare

Yes   Yes. 27. Pre-release counseling program

Yes Yes. 26. Higher level youths assigned to work sites outside institution in community

Yes Yes. 25. Multi-family counseling / parenting classes for parents &/or families

Yes. Yes. 24. Family counseling

Yes.   23. Community government to provide democratic group problem solving, group self discipline, & rewards to encourage responsibility for quality of community life

Yes.   22. Psycho-educational groups to teach requirements & required skills for progress through levels

Yes.   21. Group counseling

Yes  Yes. 20. Counseling for addiction problems

Yes. Yes. 19. Individual counseling

Yes. Yes. 18. Formal ceremonies for level achievements & rewards provided for delayed feedback & consequences

Yes. Yes. 17. Graduated levels of demonstrated increased responsibility lead to graduated increases in freedoms & privileges

Yes.   16. Regular, quantitative evaluation of progress toward goals: Pro-social roles, character & behavior change, & work

Yes.   15. Maturity coaches to coach in immediate, home-like situations & provide immediate feedback & consequences

School Phys. Ed.Yes.14. Exercise & physical conditioning programs

Yes. Yes. 12. Graduated responsible work assignments

   Yes 10. Formal Correctional Modality to deal with behavior & underlying dynamics of residents with explosive tendencies

Yes.   9. Due Process (Teen Court)

Yes   8. Family Mediation & Contracts

Yes.   7. Mediation: Formal and/or Informal

Yes.   6. Peer counseling, buddy system

Yes.   5. Advanced peers orienting newcomers to rules, procedures, schedules, work responsibilities & consequences

Yes.   4. Support Teams as surrogate parents to provide bonding, guidance, & feedback in youth’s use of own judgment in decision making & work through adolescent emancipation vs. rebellion processes

Yes.   3. Natural home like situations provided with choices & consequences to enhance transfer of training for post release good behavior

Yes. Yes. 2. Explicit rules, prohibitions, deprivations, contraband, regimented behavior, explicit costs for infractions

    1. Formal, initial risk assessment

Youth Village Boot Camp FORMAL PROGRAM FEATURES

Yes    11. Remedial education & tutoring using volunteers & peers

Yes.   13. Formal sports programs & events

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 15

Table 6 Program Character Factors Targeted for Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis

30 7 Total Character Factors Targeted Out Of 30Yes.   30. Learning to resist negative peer pressure using own judgment in institution & transfer this skill to home community.Yes.   29. Learning a new, positive self concept & social identityYes.   28. Learning to cooperate & compete effectively, be a good sport, team player in sports and group activities & projectsYes.   27. Learning to solve family conflicts with negotiation & mediation & compromise

Yes.   26. Learning to effectively communicate in formal groups & listen carefully, especially to feelings, group consensus & decision making about negative sanctions & consequences, complaints, program changes, & projects for Dorm rewards

Yes.   25.Taking responsibility for quality of community lifeYes.   24.Learning accurate self estimation & self esteemYes. Yes. 23.Learning to work for & achieve freedom, rewards, & privilegesYes.   22.Learning work responsibility & skills, self initiative, doing one’s share, doing one’s bestYes.   21.Learning sharing, fairness, respect for possessions, & reciprocation of goods & servicesYes.   20.Learning to take perspective of other person, consider feelings: empathyYes.   19.Learning to take turns & respect opinions in discussionsYes. Yes. 18.Learning manners, mutual respect, politeness, confidentialityYes.   17.Learning to solve peer conflicts with negotiation & mediation & compromiseYes.   16.Learning pro-social roles & handling freedom and privilege responsibly, especially freedom on weekend passYes.   15.Learning to have fun without hurting or being destructiveYes.   14.Learning to respect other’s time & limitations, patience, dependability, reliabilityYes.   13.Temporal perspective, planning, goal setting, follow through & evaluationYes.   12.Learning to express feelings appropriately: transparencyYes. Yes. 11.Learning to deal with stress, pressure, & emotional pain without resorting to rage, withdrawal, or substance abuseYes. Yes. 10.Learning to endure hardships, failure, & setbacks gracefullyYes.   9.Learn to give negative feedback & confrontation diplomaticallyYes. Yes. 8.Learning to accept discipline & punishmentYes.   7.Learning respect for possessions & propertyYes.   6.Learning to be straight forward, honest, & not manipulate or deceive

Yes. Yes. 5.Learning to accept authority & instructions & commands, & make use of criticism & correction, not take it personally, avoid projecting blame

Yes.   4.Handling interpersonal conflicts with tolerance & talking it out; Learning proper gender relations

Yes.   3.Learning self insight & ways of dealing with intrapersonal conflicts, emotional pain, fears & anxieties; addictions; avoiding revenge; talking out one’s resentments & frustrations

Yes. Yes. 2.Learning & incorporating rules, codes, & program routines & schedulesYes.   1.Emphasize educated use of own judgment by youth, responsibility for self & consequences

HCYV Boot Camp CHARACTER FACTORS TARGETED IN TYPES OF PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 16

Table 7 Program Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis

    22. Cost per youth in aftercare     21. Length in aftercare     20. No. of Offenses against Community per year (Charges vs. Convictions)

1_______ 2_______ 3_______

1_______ 2_______ 3_______

19. Cost per success based on post release non-recidivism: 1st year2nd year3rd year

1_______2_______ 3_______

1_______ 2_______ 3_______

18. Recidivism per number served per year: % success for each of 3 yrs. Post release1st year2nd year3rd year

    17. Average assessed positive indicators at one year Post release     16. Average risk assessment at one year Post release     15. Average risk assessment at completion of program     14. No. Successfully completing official program per year     13. Number of property offense incidents in institution

16. Number requiring Medical Attention

15. Number of Injuries

14. Number of Mechanical Restraints

13. Number of Manual Restraints    12. Number of assault offense incidents in institution $8,289.00 $24,193.00 11. Cost per youth served per year 3.8 7 mos. 10. Average length of stay 380 62 9. Number of youths served per year     8. Number of escapes per year (attempts vs. AWOL)     7. Number of dismissals, transfers from program $26,033.00 $33,333.00 6. Cost per bed per year 121 36 5. Bed capacity

extreme to moderate danger - 4 & 3

moderate danger-3 & 2

4. Dangerousness of offenders served * Based on Offender’s criminal record and social history. Risk Assessment = Hi Risk 5 4 3 2 1 Lo Risk

121 36 3. Number of beds     2. Annual grant supplements $3,150,000 $1,500,000 1. Annual budget

YOUTH VILLAGE DELTA 3 BOOT CAMP COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS by INSTITUTION or PROGRAM

These figures are outdated by about eight years.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 17

Annual Cost Comparisons between Stars and Stripes, Delta Boot Camp, and Burnet Baylin Home as of 1995

YV = Harris Count Youth Village – Stars and StripesBBH = Burnet Baylin, a traditional institutionBC = Boot Camp

Per Bed Per # ServedPer Non-RecidivistPer Completion

YOUTH VILLAGE $26,000 $13,000 $15,300 $19,000

BBH $33,000 $16,000 $25,000 $33,000

BOOT CAMP $56,000 $28,000 $50,000 $56,000

COST

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 18

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS LEAD TO INCREASED BENEFITS TO THE INSTITUTION

AND TO RESIDENTS• These statistical performance indicators have remained at a minimal level

for eight years. • Other performance indicators had a similar dramatic reduction and have

remained at a very low level.• As a result, staff have the time and have become reoriented to coaching,

encouraging, recognizing and rewarding residents.• Higher level Stripes and Stars have been able to reorient to mentoring and

tutoring beginners.• Both staff and residents can now redirect their attention and efforts to

conceiving and executing positive projects and to the ongoing development and improvement of the program.

• Residents are in a position to take advantage of new innovative programs that are being added all the time.

• The surrounding community not only is no longer worried about being victimized by AWOLs, but have become so impressed with seeing the remarkable turnaround of these young men that they write about it in the local newspapers and have been contributing gift certificates and equipment as a form of recognition and reward to residents and the institution.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 19

The Paradox of Positive Outcomes

• To get good outcome ‘numbers’, you have to focus on inner processes.

• To get the inner processes that lead to success, you have to focus on the Structures of the Host Environment that promote and evoke positive growth processes.

• The outer indicators let you know if the right inner processes are being nurtured.

• Hence the paradox: to get the right outer you have to focus on the inner and to get the right inner you have to focus on the outer.

• Natural Systems has the Duplex Pyramid as its logo because it represents this paradoxical dual focus.