7.2 Trade Spreads Indian 7.2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and CultureReligions and Culture

Buddhism and Hinduism ChangeBuddhism and Hinduism Change

Traditional Hindu and Buddhist Traditional Hindu and Buddhist BeliefsBeliefs• Hinduism blends Aryan beliefs and other Hinduism blends Aryan beliefs and other

beliefs; polytheistic—believes in many beliefs; polytheistic—believes in many gods.gods.

• To Buddhists, desire causes suffering, To Buddhists, desire causes suffering, but suffering can be overcome.but suffering can be overcome.

Buddhism and Hinduism ChangeBuddhism and Hinduism Change

A More Popular Form of BuddhismA More Popular Form of Buddhism• Belief in bodhisattvas develops—Belief in bodhisattvas develops—

potential Buddhas who save humanitypotential Buddhas who save humanity• Mahayana sect—Buddhists accepting Mahayana sect—Buddhists accepting

new doctrines of worship and salvation.new doctrines of worship and salvation.• Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow

original teachings of Buddhaoriginal teachings of Buddha• Wealthy Buddhist merchants build Wealthy Buddhist merchants build

stupas—stone structures over relicsstupas—stone structures over relics

Buddhist DenominationsBuddhist Denominationsand Schoolsand Schools

Buddhism

Hinayana“The Lesser Vehicle”

(Theravada)

Mahayana“The Greater Vehicle”

Zen (7th Century C.E., ChinaVietnam, Korea, Japan)

VadjrayanaTantric Buddhism

(6th-7th Century India)

Tibetan (Tibet) Shingon (Japan)

Pure Land(begins 13th Century Japan)

Yogacara (4th Century C.E.)

Madhyamaka Tiantai

(China, Korea, Japan)

Nichiren(Japan)

Tendai (Japan)

A Buddha image from NepalA Buddha image from Nepal

A “stupa”A “stupa”

Buddhism and Hinduism ChangeBuddhism and Hinduism Change

A Hindu RebirthA Hindu Rebirth• Hinduism is remote from people by time Hinduism is remote from people by time

of Mauryan Empireof Mauryan Empire• Hinduism moves toward monotheism; Hinduism moves toward monotheism;

gods are part of one divine forcegods are part of one divine force Brahma—creator of the worldBrahma—creator of the world Vishnu—preserver of the worldVishnu—preserver of the world Shiva—destroyer of the worldShiva—destroyer of the world

BrahmaBrahma

VishnuVishnu

ShivaShiva

Achievements of Indian CultureAchievements of Indian Culture

Literature and the Performing ArtsLiterature and the Performing Arts• Kalidasa—poet and dramatist, one of Kalidasa—poet and dramatist, one of

India’s greatest writersIndia’s greatest writers• His skillful and emotionally stirring plays His skillful and emotionally stirring plays

are still popularare still popular• Madurai writing accademies create Madurai writing accademies create

literature; 2,000 Tamil poems surviveliterature; 2,000 Tamil poems survive• Drama and dance troupes gain Drama and dance troupes gain

popularity and travel widelypopularity and travel widely

Achievements of Indian CultureAchievements of Indian Culture

Astronomy, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Mathematics, and MedicineMedicine• Ocean trade leads to advances in Ocean trade leads to advances in

astronomyastronomy• Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire

prove that the world is round.prove that the world is round.• Mathematicians develop the idea of zero Mathematicians develop the idea of zero

and decimal systemand decimal system• Doctors write medical guides and make Doctors write medical guides and make

advances in surgeryadvances in surgery

The Spread of Indian TradeThe Spread of Indian Trade

India’s Valuable ResourcesIndia’s Valuable Resources• India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, India has spices, diamonds, precious stones,

and good quality woodand good quality wood

The Spread of Indian TradeThe Spread of Indian Trade

India’s Valuable ResourcesIndia’s Valuable Resources• India has spices, diamonds, precious India has spices, diamonds, precious

stones, and good quality woodstones, and good quality wood Overland Trade, East and WestOverland Trade, East and West

• Trade routes called Silk Roads connect Trade routes called Silk Roads connect Asia and EuropeAsia and Europe

• Indians build trading posts to take Indians build trading posts to take advantage of the Silk Roadsadvantage of the Silk Roads

The Spread of Indian TradeThe Spread of Indian Trade

Sea Trade, East and WestSea Trade, East and West• Indian merchants carry goods to Rome Indian merchants carry goods to Rome

by seaby sea• Merchants trade by sea with Africa, Merchants trade by sea with Africa,

Arabia, China, Southeast AsiaArabia, China, Southeast Asia

The Spread of Indian TradeThe Spread of Indian Trade

Effects of Indian TradeEffects of Indian Trade• Increased trade leads to rise in bankingIncreased trade leads to rise in banking• Bankers lend money to merchants, Bankers lend money to merchants,

careful of degree of riskcareful of degree of risk• Increased trade spreads Indian culture Increased trade spreads Indian culture

to other placesto other places• Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to

other landsother lands