7.1 States of Matter

1) Matter is anything that has mass and volume.2) Mass is the quantity of matter a substance or

object contains. Mass is usually measured in grams (g) or kilograms

(kg).

3) Volume is the amount of space taken up by a substance or object. Volume is usually measured in millilitres (mL), litres

(L), or cubic centimetres (cm3).

See pages 246 - 247

7.1 States of MatterThe three familiar states (phases) of matter.

See pages 246 - 247

Fixed mass

Fixed Volume

Fixed Shape

Solid Yes Yes Yes

Liquid Yes Yes No

Gas Yes No No

The Kinetic Molecular Theory1) Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion.

2) The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains what happens to matter when the kinetic energy of the particles changes. A theory provides a scientific explanation based on

the results of experimentation.

See page 249

The Kinetic Molecular TheoryThe main points of the kinetic molecular theory include:

See page 2491. All matter is made of very small particles.2. There is empty space between particles.3. Particles are constantly moving. The particles are

colliding with each other and the walls of their container.

4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy theparticles have, the faster they move and further apart they get.

Solid: Particles are so tightly packed together they cannot move freely. They can only vibrate.

Liquid: Particles are farther apart and they can move by sliding past each other.

Gas: Particles are very far apart and move around quickly.

http://preparatorychemistry.com/KMT_flash.htm

Thermal Expansion and Contraction1) Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance when its temperature is

raised.

2) Thermal contraction is the decrease in volume of a substance when its temperature is lowered.

See page 250

The Difference Between Heat and Temperature

1) Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in the substance.

2) Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two material of different temperature. Heat is always transferred from the substance with a higher temperature to

the substance of a lower temperature.

3) Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

See page 251

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties

Name Change of State(from _ to _)

Heat Gained Heat Lost

Melting Solid to liquid

Evaporation Liquid to gas

Condensation Gas to liquid

Solidification

Liquid to solid

Sublimation Solid to gas

Deposition Gas to solid