70-687 8.1 Lecture Slides Lesson 20

8/10/2019 70-687 8.1 Lecture Slides Lesson 20

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Lesson 20: Managing Local

StorageMOAC 70-687: Configuring Windows 8.1


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Overview Exam Objective 6.2: Manage local storage

o Manage disk volumes and file systemso Manage storage spaces

2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2


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Working with DisksLesson 20: Managing Local Storage



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Working with Disks When you install Windows 8.1 on a

computer, the setup program automaticallyperforms all preparation tasks for the

computer's hard disks. If you add another disk, you must perform

the following tasks:o Select a partitioning style.o Select a disk type.o Divide the disk into partitions or volumes.o Format the volumes with a file system.



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Understanding PartitionStyles

The term partition style refers to the methodWindows operating systems use to organizepartitions on the disk.

Two hard disk partition styles in Windows 8.1:o MBR This is the default partition style for x86-

based and x64-based computers.o GPT First introduced in Windows Vista, you can

now use the GPT partition style on x86-, as well as x64-based, Windows 8 computers.



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Understanding DiskTypes

Windows 8.1 supports two disk types: basic disksand dynamic disks.

A basic disk uses primary partitions, extended

partitions, and logical drives to organize data. The alternative to using a basic disk is to convert

it to a dynamic disk. The process of convertinga basic disk to a dynamic disk creates a single

partition that occupies the entire disk. You canthen create an unlimited number of volumesout of the space in that partition.



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Understanding VolumeTypes

When you create a volume on a dynamic diskin Windows 8.1, you can choose from thefollowing four volume types:o Simple volume Consists of space from a single disk.o Spanned volume Consists of space from at least

two, to a maximum of 32, physical disks, all of whichmust be dynamic disks.

o Striped volume Consists of space from at least two,to a maximum of 32, physical disks, all of which mustbe dynamic disks.

o Mirrored volume Consists of an equal amount ofspace from two disks, both of which must be dynamicdisks.



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Understanding FileSystems

In Windows 8.1, there are two basic filesystem options to choose from: NTFS andFAT.

NTFS is the preferred file system for Windows8.1.

FAT file systems that Windows 8.1 supportsare:o exFATo FATo FAT32



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Using the DiskManagement Snap-in

Disk Management is a Microsoft ManagementConsole (MMC) snap-in you use to perform disk-related tasks, such as:o Initializing diskso Selecting a partition styleo Converting basic disks to dynamic diskso Creating partitions and volumeso Extending, shrinking, and deleting volumes

o Formatting partitions and volumeso Assigning and changing driver letters and pathso Examining and managing physical disk properties,

such as disk quotas, folder sharing and error-checking



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Opening the Disk ManagementSnap-in

Disk Managements Disk List view



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Disk Managements Volume List view



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Disk Managements Graphical View



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Disk Management GraphicalView Information


Disk s t a tus co lum n Volum e s ta tus co lum n

Informat iondisplayed

Disk numberDisk typeDisk capacityDisk status

Volume nameVolume sizeFile systemVolume status


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Disk Management GraphicalView Information


Disk s t a tus co lum n Volum e s ta tus co lum nContextm e n uc o m m a n d s

Convert a basic disk to adynamic diskConvert an MBR disk to aGPT disk

Create a new spanned,striped, or mirrored volumeTake the disk offlineOpen the disks Propertiessheet

For a mounted partition or volume:Mark a basic disk as activeChange the drive letter and pathsFormat the partition or volume

Extend the volumeShrink the volume

Add a mirrorDelete the volumeOpen the volumes Properties sheet

For unallocated space:Create a new simple volumeCreate a new spanned volumeCreate a new striped volumeCreate a new mirrored volume

Open the disks Properties sheet


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Add a New Disk

The Initialize Disk dialog box



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Changing the PartitionStyle

If you are running an x86-based computer,Disk Management has most likely selectedthe MBR partition style by default. You can

quickly check which partition style the harddisk is assigned by right-clicking the diskstatus column in the Graphical view.

You can also check the volumesinformation by opening the Properties sheetfor disk and clicking the Volumes tab.



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Converting a Basic Disk toa Dynamic Disk (cont.)

Before you convert a basic disk to a dynamicdisk, you must be aware of the followingconditions:

You cannot convert drives that use anallocation unit size (sector size) greater than512 bytes unless you reformat the drive witha smaller sector size before the conversion.

Once you change a basic disk to adynamic disk, the only way you can changeit back again is to back up the entire diskand delete the dynamic disk volumes.



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Convert a Basic Disk to a DynamicDisk

The Disks to Convert dialog box



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Convert a Basic Disk to a DynamicDisk

The Convert Details dialog box



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Converting a Basic Disk toa Dynamic Disk

When you convert from a basic disk to adynamic disk, Disk Management performsthe following tasks.

o Basic disk partitions are converted to dynamicdisk volumes of equal size.o Basic disk primary partitions and logical drives in

the extended partition are converted to simple

volumes.o Any free space in a basic disk extended partition

is marked as unallocated.



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Create a Volume

The Assign Drive Letter or Path page



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Create a Volume

The Format Partition page



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Extending and ShrinkingVolumes

To extend or shrink a partition or volume, yousimply right-click a partition or volume andselect Extend Volume or Shrink Volume from thecontext menu, or from the Action menu.

Windows 8.1 extends existing primary partitions,logical drives, and simple volumes byexpanding them into adjacent unallocatedspace on the same disk.

When you extend a simple volume across

multiple disks, the simple volume becomes aspanned volume. You cannot extend striped volumes.



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To extend a partition on a basic disk, the systemmust meet the following requirements: A basic partition must be either unformatted or

formatted with the NTFS file system. If you extend a logical drive, the console first

consumes the contiguous free space remainingin the extended partition.

You can extend the partition of logical drives,boot volumes, or system volumes only intocontiguous space, and only if the hard disk canbe upgraded into a dynamic disk.



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To extend a simple or spanned volume on adynamic disk, the system must meet theserequirements: When extending a simple volume, you can only

use the available space on the same disk, if thevolume is to remain simple. You can extend a simple volume across

additional disks if it is not a system volume or aboot volume.

You can extend a simple or spanned volume ifit does not have a file system (a raw volume) orif you formatted it using the NTFS file system.(You cannot extend FAT volumes.)



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To shrink a basic disk partition or any kind ofdynamic disk volume except for a striped volume,the system must meet the following requirements. The existing partition or volume must not be full

and must contain the specified amount ofavailable free space for shrinking. The partition or volume must not be a raw

partition (one without a file system). Shrinking araw partition that contains data mighty destroy

the data. You can shrink a partition or volume only if youformatted it using the NTFS file system. (Youcannot shrink FAT volumes.)



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Creating Spanned, Striped,and Mirrored Volumes

Spanned, striped, or mirrored volumesrequire dynamic disks.

When you create a spanned, striped, or

mirrored volume, you create a singledynamic volume that extends acrossmultiple physical disks.



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Creating Spanned, Striped, andMirrored Volumes

A spanned volume in the Disk Management snap-in



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Using Storage Spaces Windows 8.1 includes a new disk

virtualization technology called StorageSpaces, which enables a computer to

concatenate storage space from individualphysical disks and use that space to createa virtual disk.

Storage Spaces uses unallocated disk spaceto create storage pools.


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Using Storage Spaces(cont.)

A storage pool can span multiple drivesinvisibly, providing an accumulated storageresource that you can expand or reduce as

needed by adding disks to or removingthem from the pool. When you create a storage pool, it appears

to the operating system as a single volume,called a storage space, even if it consists ofmany physical disks.



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Create a Storage Pool

The Storage Spaces control panel



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The Select drives to create a storage pool page



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The Enter a name, resiliency type, and size for thestorage space page



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The Storage Spaces control panel, with a storage pool



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Using Diskpart.exe Diskpart.exe is a powerful utility that can

perform any task the Disk Managementsnap-in can and more.

Diskpart.exe has two operational modes, ascript mode and an interactive mode. If youchoose to create Diskpart scripts, you canrun them from the command prompt usingthe following syntax:Diskpart.exe /s scriptname



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Using Diskpart.exe

Shifting object focus in Diskpart.exe



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Using Disk Tools The Windows 8.1 disk tools are all accessible

from each volumes Properties sheet. You can access the tools from any File

Explorer window or from the DiskManagement snap-in.



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Disk Cleanup When a disk starts to run low on storage

space, it is often possible to reclaim spaceoccupied by unnecessary files, such as

temporary files, setup logs, and files in theRecycle Bin. Windows 8.1 refers to the process of deleting

these files as cleaning up a disk.



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Clean up a Volume

The Disk Cleanup dialog box



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Defragmenting Disks Hard disk drives write data in clusters, units of a

standard size designated when you format thedisk.

Over time, as files are written and rewritten to

the disk, the contiguous spaces grow smaller,and the drive is forced to split files into clusterslocated at different places on the disk. Thisprocess is called fragmentation.

Windows 8.1 includes a tool that enables you to

defragment your volumes by recopyingfragmented files to contiguous space on thedisk.



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Defragment a Volume

The Disk Defragmenter dialog box



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Checking for Disk Errors Windows 8.1 includes a tool that can check

disks for errors and, in many cases, repairthem. If, for example, one of a systems

volumes is unavailable for defragmentation,it could be due to errors that you must repairfirst.

You can also use the Chkdsk.exe utility tocheck for disk errors from the commandprompt.



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Lesson Summary There are two hard disk partition styles that you can use in

Windows 8.1: MBR and GPT. Windows 8.1 supports two disk types: basic disks and dynamic

disks. Basic disks can have up to four partitions: three primary

partitions and the fourth usually being an extended partition,on which you can create multiple logical drives.

Windows 8.1 supports four types of dynamic volumes: simple,spanned, striped, and mirrored.

You use the Disk Management snap-in for MMC to managedisks.



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Lesson Summary Windows 8.1 includes a new disk virtualization technology

called Storage Spaces, which enables a server toconcatenate storage space from individual physical disks andallocate it to create virtual disks of any size.



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70-687 8.1 Lecture Slides Lesson 20

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