7. The Progressive Era The Populists and the Progressives.
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Transcript of 7. The Progressive Era The Populists and the Progressives.
7. The Progressive EraThe Populists and the Progressives
The Agrarian Movement (1870-1900)Problems on the
farm◦ New technology led
to over production / prices fall
◦ High cost of railroad transportation
◦ Falling into debt / harvest could not pay it off
◦ Natural disasters/ droughts, insects, floods
Grange MovementOriginally founded as
social/educational experience for farmers.
Formed “cooperatives” to cut cost.
The Granger Laws (What did each do?)Blamed railroads and grain
storage operators.Munn v. Illinois in 1877 (294):
Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 (281):
Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887:
The Populist Party, 1891-1896 (Rural Issues)New third party representing the
“common man” but focusing on farmers.
Sometimes called the People’s Party
Populist Platform Unlimited coinage of silverProgressive income taxGovernment ownership of
railroads and communicationsImmigration restrictionsShorter work daySecret ballotDirect election of senatorsTerm limit for President.
Election of 1892Populists elect five Senators and
received a million votes for president.
Depression of 1893 follows and blamed on the scarcity of money
Election of 1896Democrats and
Populists nominate William Jennings Bryan. Marks the merging of the two parties.◦ Strong supporter of
farmers◦ Cross of Gold Speech ◦ “You shall not press
down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”
Republicans in 1896William McKinley
◦ Pro-Business◦ Votes divided
regionally.Election of 1900
◦ McKinley vs. Bryan again.
◦ McKinley wins◦ End of Populist
Party
Populists: The Role of Third PartiesThe Populists
◦Rose quickly and disappeared as fast.
◦Left its mark on American politicsThird parties are often like this
◦Provide an outlet for minorities◦Generate new ideas
If a third party has good ideas one of the major parties will adopt those ideas.
The Progressive Movement: 1900-1920 (Urban Issues)Lasted until the start of World
War IFocused on middle-class city
folks.Leaders were investigative
writers, lawyers, ministers, and college professors.
Got their name because of their dedication to “progress”.
Wanted to correct the political and economic injustices that existed because of American industrialization.
Goals of the Progressives (383)1.
2.
3.
4.
Social Gospel Movement (312)Called for social reforms (safer
working conditions/ abolish child labor)
Opposed to the harshness of unregulated free enterprise
Belief in the Biblical truth of “being your brother’s keeper”
Groups such as the Salvation Army emphasized the need to help those less fortunate.
Socialism (Terms)Capitalism:
Socialism:
Extreme reaction to the negative characteristics of free enterprise.
Muckrakers (384) TermsWriters who raked up the “muck”
or dirt of American life. Jacob Riis(G)Ida Tarbell (385)Lincoln Steffens (385)Frank Norris (I)Upton Sinclair (384)
Social Reformers: Did what?Settlement House (312)Jane Addams (312)Lynching (334)Ida B. Wells (335)NAACP (335)W.E.B. DuBois (335)Booker T. Washington (324)Anti-Defamation League (I) YMCA/YWCA (336)
Municipal Reform (390-91)Municipal means town or city
level of government. List the four areas of concern;
1.2.3.4.
State Reform (392-393) TermsProgressive governors
◦Robert LaFollette (Wisconsin)◦Theodore Roosevelt (New York)
Direct Primary (392)Secret BallotDirect election of SenatorsInitiative (392)Referendum (392)Recall (392)
Social LegislationRegulate housing conditionsAbolish child laborWork place safety and health
conditionsLimits on hours of workCompensation of workers injured
on the jobConservation of natural resources
Civil Service Reform (292-293)
What is the “Spoils System”? (292)
Pendleton Act (293) did what?
What event sparked the drive to get rid of the spoils system? (293)
View and Discuss“Murder at the Fair” from the History Channel Series Ten Days that Unexpectedly Changed America”
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909Reversed the trend of a weak
president and a strong Congress.President after McKinley
assassinationCoal Miners’ Strike of 1902 (393-
94)
Trust-Buster (394)
The “Square Deal” (G)Public Health
◦Meat Inspection Act (1906) ◦Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Transportation and Communication◦Increased power of the Interstate
Commerce Commission◦Added telegraph and telephone.
Conserving the Nation’s Resources◦National Conservation Commission
William Howard Taft (1909-1912)Endorsed by Theodore RooseveltContinued many of Roosevelt’s
policiesAlienated Progressives because
he was not a skilled politicianPromised to lower tariff but could
not make it happen.Withdrew some land Roosevelt
had protected.
Election of 1912Angry with Taft’s policies,
Theodore Roosevelt decided to run again.
After loosing the Republican spot, TR runs for a third party – Bull Moose Party.
Taft is nominated by the Republicans
As a result in the split, Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) is elected president.
Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Terms New Freedom (398)
Underwood Tariff, 1913 (399)
Graduated Income Tax, 1913 (399)
The Federal Reserve Act, 1913 (400)
Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914(400)
Federal Trade Commission, 1914 (400)
Sixteenth Amendment, 1913 (399)
Wilson continuedNational Park Service, 1916 (394)
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 1911 (389)
Department of Labor, 1913 (394)
Child Labor Act, 1916 (I)
Women’s Suffrage MovementMid 19th century women began to for
groups to seek suffrage.Disappointed that they did not receive
suffrage with the 15th amendment.Susan B. Anthony (403)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (403)
19th Amendment, 1920 (407)
Impact was disappointing.
View and DiscussThe last half of the HBO film “Iron
JawedAngels”. Looks at the methods used by suffragettes to earn right to vote.
Realism in Literature and Art
In literature◦Horatio Alger, Rags to Riches stories◦Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer,
Huckleberry Finn, The Gilded Age◦William Dean Howells, The Rise of
Silas Lapham◦ Jack London, Call of the Wild◦Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady◦Katie Chopin, The Awakening
James McNeill Whistler,
Winslow Homer
Thomas Eakins Henry Ossawa Tanner
Frederick RemingtonCharles Russell
Frederick Remington
Charles Russell