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7 October 2013 Questions
• Trivia: According to the New York Times, twenty percent of Americans spend 60 billion dollars per year on these. What are they?
• Brain Teaser: Six glasses are in a row. The first three are filled with juice, & the last three are empty. By moving only one glass, can you arrange them so that the full and empty glasses alternate?
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Lesson 27
"Using Diet to Guard Against Disease"
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Objectives
• Students will be able to...– (1) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing cancer.– (2) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing cardiovascular diseases. – (3) Discuss dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of
developing osteoporosis.– (4) Discuss diet recommendations for people with
diabetes of hypoglycemia.– (5) Discuss ways to avoid reactions to food allergies &
intolerances, including lactose intolerance, celiac disease, & reactions to MSG.
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Diet & Cancer
• What to Know About Diet & Cancer– Antioxidant: A substance that protects cells
from being damaged by oxidation.• Diets high in antioxidants have been associated
with decreased rates of esophagus, lung, colon, & stomach cancer.
• Prevent cell damage & repair damaged cells.• Help to prevent healthy cells from becomming
cancerous cells.• Vitamins C,E,A are antioxidants. • Table on Outline
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Diet & Cardiovascular Disease
• Cardiovascular Disease: Disease of the heart & blood vessels.– Leading cause of premature death &
disability.– Map of Heart Disease Deaths
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What to Know About Diet & Cardiovascular Disease
• Limit fat & cholesterol intake– Atherosclerosis: A disease in which there is a build up of plaque
on artery walls.– Embolism: The blockage of an artery by a clump of material
traveling in the blood stream.– Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in the lung.– Example
• Increase your intake of foods & beverages containing antioxidants– Help prevent wear & tear in blood vessels.– Eat carrots, sweet potatoes, & squash to obtain Vitamin A– Eat citrus fruits to obtain Vitamin C– Eat green vegetables, nuts, & whole grain cereals to obtain
Vitamin E
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What to Know About Cardiovascular Disease (continued)
• Limit your intake of sodium– Can cause people to retain body fluid & have
high blood pressure as a result.– High sodium foods include: bacon, BBQ
sauce, chips, crackers, hot dogs, processed meats, ketchup, canned meat & mustard.
• Include flax, soy, canola, olive, & fish oils in your diet– Help to lower bad cholesterol (LDL) &
increase good cholesterol (HDL)
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How to Limit Fat Intake
• Limit your intake of cooked lean meat, poultry, & fish.
• Broil, bake, or steam foods rather than fry.
• Trim fat from meats before cooking
• Trim fat from poultry before cooking.
• Limit intake of egg yolks, consider egg substitute.
• Limit intake of high-fat processed meats (bologna, & hot dogs)
• Substitute fruits & low-fat yogurt for high-fat desserts.
• Substitute turkey, such as turkey hot dogs & turkey chili for red meat.
• Substitute nonfat or low-fat dairy products for whole milk dair products, such as low-fat yogurt for ice cream, skim milk for whole milk, reduced-fat mayonnaise for regular mayonnaise, etc.
• Substitute fruits & vegetables for high-fat snack such as potato chips
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Diet & Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis: A disease characterized by low bone mass & deterioration of bone tissue.– Causes bones to become brittle & fracture
easily.– Females are ten times more likely to have
severe osteoporosis than are males.
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What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis
• Calcium & phosphorus form the hard substance in bone– Adolescence is a time when inadequate calcium
intake can contribute to osteoporosis later in life.– Bones approach maximum density during childhood,
adolescence & young adulthood, so consuming enough calcium during those periods in crucial.
• Other ways to avoid osteoporosis– Engage in weight-bearing exercise.– Avoid smoking– Utilize bone density testing & medications when
appropriate.
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What to Know About Diet & Osteoporosis (continued)
• Bone Loss– Bone mass typically peaks between 25-35 in
both men & women.– Average bone loss for women before
menopause is 1-1.25% a year and 3-4% after menopause.
• Heart Disease & Hormonal Treatment
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Diet, Diabetes, & Hypoglycemia
• Diabetes: A disease in which the body either produces little or no insulin or cannot properly use insulin.
• Insulin: A hormone that regulates the blood sugar level.
• Without treatment, a person with diabetes will have high blood sugar.
• Being overweight increases your risk of developing one form of diabetes.
• Diabetes is treated with diet, exercise, medications, or insulin.
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What to Know About Diet, Diabetes, & Hypoglycemia
• Dealing with Diabetes– Physician & dietitians work with diabetics to make a plan.– Plans may include eating complex carbs & limiting simple carbs,
eating six small meals per day, & regular exams and blood sugar testing.
• Who is at Risk?– Associated with increased risk of blindness, cardiovascular
disease, kidney failure, gangrene, amputation of toes & legs, & premature death.
– Lack of physical activity, & obesity increase the risk for diabetes. – Early signs: frequent urination, excessive thirst, cravings for
sweets, & weakness.
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Hypoglycemia
• A condition in which there is too much insulin in the body, causing the blood sugar to be low.
• Guidelines for People with Hypoglycemia– Eat complex carbohydrates & protein to provide long-
lasting energy.– Limit the amounts of sweets. Simple sugars increase
blood sugar and the need for insulin.– Eat 6 small meals per day to maintain a constant
blood sugar level.– Have regular exams to test blood sugar & reevaluate
diet.– Maintain a desirable weight.
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Food Allergies & Intolerances
• Food Allergy: An abnormal response to food that is triggered by the immune system.
• Most common food allergies: nuts, shellfish, eggs, fish
• Symptoms: diarrhea, swelling, sneezing, itching, & nausea.
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Food Intolerances
• An abnormal response to food that is not caused by the immune system.
• Lactase Deficiency: A condition in which lactase, an enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar present in the cells of the small intestine, is missing.
• Lactose intolerance: The inability to digest lactose.• Celiac Disease: A condition in which a person is
intolerant to gluten.– Gluten is a part of wheat, rye, barley & certain other grains.– Symptoms: tiredness, breathlessness, weight loss, diarrhea,
vomiting, & abdominal pain.– MSG