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STANDARD FOR Ei4ERGEi!CY PLAllfilllG-

FOR RESEARCH REACTORS,

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Prepared By

Subcommittee Arts 15.16. .

of the .

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Standards Committeef

American iluclear Society'

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Fifth Dra'ftAugust 19770 m. e ,977 ,'

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forward - AN5-15.16 *

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Emergency Planning for P.esearch Reactors.

The ANS Standards Secretariat established Subcommitt'ee AMS-15 in the fall of'

1970 with the task of preparing a standard for the operation of researchIn January 1972 this charter was expanded to the multiple tasksreactors. To implement this enlarged'-

of preparing all standards for research reactors.responsibility, a number of Subcommit; tee Work Groups have been established todevelop standards for consideration and complementary action by SubccmitteeANS-15. ANS-15.16 is one of these groups. - .

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Work Group ANS-15.16 was assigned the task of developing. a d' aft standardr~

for Emergency Planning in June 1975 with the following membership:

Wade Richards (Chainnan) 'Argonne National Laboratory-West

Savannah River LaboratoryPeter Gray .

University of California, Berkeley *,

Richard Curtis . .-Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

Thomas Crites'

The draf t standard developmental program was as follows:'

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1. Work Group task established June 1975 - New Orleans..

June 1975 - Chairman .

2. Ucrk Group formed ,

'3. Work Group meer.ing (draft document) July 1975 - Livermore -

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4. Alls-15 review and restructuring August 1975 - Albuquerque .,

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5. ork Group meeting (draft document) October 1975 - Livermore -'

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6. ANS-15 Review and restructuring flovember 1975 - Sar Francisco

7. Work Group meeting (draft document) !!ovember 1975 - San Francisco

8. Sent out for Peer Group Review December 1975 - Mail liaison

9. Work Group meeting (resolution ofPeerGroupcomments) April 1976 - Livermore

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10. Standard sent to Alls 15.0 forballoting April 1976 - Chairman

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11. ' Standar'd Sent to !!-17 for balloting //-%h pe , / 9 74.

12. U,ork Group meeting (P,esolve H-17comments) August 1977 - Chatanooga

13: Standard Sent to fl-17 Chairman December 1977 - Chairman.o .

presently with URC ,,,

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We affirm that the use of any standard of performance, conduct or excellenceis volitional. The decision to use a standard is a management matter, pre-sumably on technical advisement. The institutionalizing of a standard can

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and almost must be conditional; i.e., high probability exists that some,

exception or addition will compromise the absolute, unconditional anplicationof a document which was composed to cross lines of functional and materialdiscipline.

It is a management function to ameliorate or mitigate conditional matter. It

is not the function of a standard to attempt to accommodate the many different -

management systems. fleither is its function to preempt (nanagement prerogatives.I

This standard is promulgated in the context of these considerations, and inthe conte <t of a family of related research reactor standards, a Work Groupand an actively participatina Subcommittee in an atmosphere of direct exchangeof ideas icross multi-discipline and multi-system boundaries.-

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The family of standards and task assignments include:

AflS-15.1 (fl378): Development of Technical Specifications (ANSI fl378-1974)Afis-15.2 (fi398): Quality Verification for Plate-type U-Al Fuel Elements

(AflSI fl398-197d)'

ANS-15.3 (N399): Records and Reports (ANSI fl399-1974)(ANSI-AtlS-15.4-1977)-

Alls-15.4 (fl380): Selection and Training of PersonnelANS-15.6 (N401): Review of Experiments (ANSI Nd01-1974) .

ANS-15.7 (N379): Site Evaluation (ANSI-15.7-1977)ANS-15.8 (N402): Quality Assurance Program Requirements (ANSI-15.8/

N402-1976)ANS-15.10 (Nd40): Decommissioning ,

ANS-15.11 (N628): Radiological Control (ANSI-15.ll-1977)ANS-15.12 (N647): Design Criteria---Effluents---(ANSI-15.12-1977)AflS-15.14 (N700): Physical SecurityANS-15.15 (N701): Core Protective SystemsAflS-15.17 ( ): FireProtection(Inobeyance)

The membership of ANS-15 at the time of approval of this standard was:'

DonF.Hanlen(Chairman) Brown & Root, Inc.Mayhue A. Bell US-ERDA, WashingtonFranklin T. Binford ORNLLloyd Bonzon Sandia LaboratoryJerry Carter. USNRC, Washin9 tonThomas R. Crites Lawrence Livermore Laboratories-

A. C. Ellingson Sandia LaboratoryPreston Farrar University of VirginiaGeorge Geisler Penn. State UniversityPat Kraker U. S. Geologic Survey, DenverTawfik M. Raby US-NBS, Washington *

Wade J. Richards Lawrence Livermore LaboratoriesPobert R. Walston US-flRC, AlbuquerqueWilliam L. Whittemore Gulf General Atomic

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In this process of creating standards against the background of establishedand' varied practices in many operating facilities it is important to consider:

a. It is not intended that the standard be used as a demand mod.cl for ,

back-fitting purposes. .

b. It should be vital aid for the new owner-agency.It should be helpful for the facility undergoing change / modification.c..

d. Its thoughtful use by industry should ease the burden of regulatoryagencies. .

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The need for this standard resulted from a request from Nuclear RegulatoryCommission to either have a standard well developed by the first of the ,

. year 1976 or have Regulatory impose their standard on the research reactorcommunity.

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The work group has attempted to generate a standard which offers guidancein emergency planning. -

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This proposed standard has attempted to establish a clear and helpfulset of planning steps to ensure that emergencies can be handlad in a ,

safe and efficient manner. We have incorparated many concepts from10 CFR 50 Appendix E, Regulatory Standard Review Plan Sec.13.3 and many.

other guides for emergency planning. He have departed from the format'

of Sec.13.3 in the belief that the new format is more concise and onecan get an overall idea of the scope involved in emergency planning.The. definition of research reactor, used in this standard and all AMS-15star.dards is being revised. Until such revision is complet.e the present

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PageSection -

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1.0 Scop.e . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ., . ,. . ., . . . . ,,,

2.0 De.fi ni ti o n s * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. . .. ..... ... . . . . . . .

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|.... 22.1'Shall, should and May . . . . |....|. .. .. . .. . . . ... . . . .. .

2..'2 Research Re. acto.r. . J.' . . . . . . | . . . . 2 ...... . ..

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2.3. Emergency ... ., ., .,...,.,....,..,..,,,.,.,,....,.2 -. . . .

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2.4EmergencyPlan....,....,|.J,...,'.,!.,.;..,. 3''

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2.5 Emergency P..ro.ce. dure.s'. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 3"

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2.6 On-Site . | . 3.. , . . . . . . . , , . . . . , , . , . . , , . , . . . , . , . ,,, , ,,

2 . 7 O f f - S i t e . . . . ,., ., ., . ., . ., , ., ., ., . ., ., ., .! ., ., ., . 3

2. 8 Acti on Level s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.

General Requirements of the Emergency Plan. . . . . . .. . . 43.0 -i,,

3.1 O rg a n i z a ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . ., . ., 4 .

3.2 Coordination with On - and Off,-S,i te , Authorities., . ., ., ,., 4, , , ,

| 3. 3 Typ e s o f Em e rg e n ci e s . . . . . . . . . " ., , , . , ., ., . ., . 5,

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3.4 Ins trumentation and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . 5. ..

3. 5 Ac ti on Level s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.

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, . 3.6 Emergency Com:nuni cations . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . 5 -

3.7 Protective Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-

3.8 Medical Assistance'.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6'

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3.9 Publi c Infortnati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.10 Reen try Pl anni n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. .

3.11 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 7

4.0 Emergency Procedures to. Implement the Emergency Plan. . . . 8 -

4.1 O rgani z a ti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.

4.2 Coordination with On- and off-site Authorities. . . . . 8'

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4.3 Types of Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.4 Instrumentation and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . 8

4.5 Action Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ,' .

4.6 Emergen cy Com.muni ca ti ons . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . 9

4.7 Protective Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . '.-

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4. 8 Me di c al As s i s t an ce . . . . . . . . . . ., . ., ., ., . ., . ., 9

4. 9 P ubl i c I n fo rma ti o n . . . . . . . . ., . ., . . . . . . . . 10-

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4.10 Re e n t ry P l a n n i n g . . . . . . . . . . . ., ., ., . ., . ., . 10. ..

4.11 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'10. .

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Proposed Standard 15.16 I

2,' Standard for Eme,rgency'Planni,ng for Research Reactors. .

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1,0 Scope:- This standard identifies the elements of an emergency plan and 3-'

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its implementing procedures. The emphasis given each of these elements 4

shall be commensurate with the potential risk involveds An emergency 5

,- plan is prepared to describe the approach to coping,with emergencies 6- .

and minimi?.ing consequences of accidents at research reactor facilities. 7.

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The ediergency plan shall be implemented by emergency procedures.. 8. ..

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2.0 '. De fini tions 1 1

The followin0 special definitions will be useful in understanding 2 i'

3this standard. .

42.1 Shat 1, Should and May .

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The word "shall" is used to denote a requirement; the word S',

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' "should" to denote a recommendation; and the word "may" to. 6.

permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendation. 7~

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82.2 Research' Reactor ,

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A device designed to support a self-sustaining. neutron chain 9'

reaction for research, developmental, educational, training, or 10*-

experimental purposes, and which may have pr6 vision for production 11*

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of nonfissile radioisotopes.'

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2.3 Emeraency ; . 13 >'.

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An emergency is a condition which calls for immedi6te' action, 14.

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beyond the scope of normal operating procedures, to avoid an 15'

16accident or to mitigate the consequences of one..

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2.4 ' Emergency' Plan 1

Emergency' Plan provides the basis for actions to cope with * 2. 1

.an emergency. It outlines'the objectives to be met by the 3 )

emergency'proce''>res and defines the authority and responsibil'ities 4 '

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to achieve such objectives. 5.

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6-2.5 Emergency Procedures -

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Emergency Procedures document in detail the implementation 7

actions and tjethods required to achieve the objectives of the .8-

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Emergency Plan; 9*'

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2.6 On-Site 10. .

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The geographical area'which is administrative 1y controlled by 11. , . .. .

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the reactor owner / operator. ; 12'

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2.7 dff-Site 13. .. . .

'The geographical area outside the idministrativ's control _14 .'

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of the reactor owner / operator. 15'

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'2.8 Action 1.evels 16

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. Action levels are specific radiological dose rates, contam- 1.7

ination levels, instrument readings, or any other pertinent para- 18,,

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meters which shall be used to prescribe specific emergency measures.19.

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13'O Gan ral Requirements of the Emergency Plan - -

An emergency plan shall be prepared that addresses the'following sections. 2

In the preparation of the plan, it shal.1 be recognized' that activation of 3

vari _ous elements shall be in response to the severity of the emergency. 4i

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- 53.1 Organization

1. Define and establish an Emergency Organization having clear 6.. ;' '

lines-of authority and responsibility to co'pe with emergency 7-

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-situations. .The positions so identified shall be assigned 8.

9authority and responsibilities. --

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2. Establish a system, with responsibility designated, for 10 '

periodic review, testing, appraisal, and updating of the 11.

cmergency plan- and procedures. 12 ,.

3.' Ensure the timely circulation of the plan and procedures, 13'

and all changes, to all pa.rticipants. 14. ,

3.2'' Coordination with.On- and Off-Site Authorities 15.

1. Coordinate the Emergency Plan with on-site emergency. support 16''

organizations and with federal, state, and local authorities 17~

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as appropriate. _

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2.' Make emergency response agreements, confirmed in writ!ing 15

where appropriate, with off-site authorities. 2C

3. Ensure timely circulation of changes to the plan and 2'-

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2:procedures.

4. Identify the interfaces and communications paths between 2.'

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the on-site emergency organization and the supporting off-site 2',

2,assistance groups.*

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I3.s , Types of Emergencies -

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1. Evaluate the consequences of potential emergencies ranging 2 |1

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from those affecting only employees or property of the owner / 3*

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operator tc those which could affect members of the public, 4-

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3.4 Instrumentation and 3pecial Eouioment .

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- l. Provide instrumentation to allow for an early and continued 7,

determination of the existence and extent'of an accident. 8-

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2. Provide is readily accessible areas equipment to be used in 9

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3. Provide for periodic inspection, testing, and maint'enance 11-

12of instruments and equipment. -

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4. Provide emergency power sources for emergency alarms, instruments,- 13

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. lights, communications, and other emergency equipment. 14,

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3. 5 Action t.evels .15,

1. Establish action levels, types of alarm signals, and limits to 16,

specify when emergency action is to be initiated on-site, and 17-

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local government and private organizations. 19' '

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3.6 Emergency Communications _ .20'

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1. Establish central emergency control centers. 21,

Emergency control centers beyond the influence of the pontential 22-

accident shall be considered. 23-

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Control centers shall be accessible around the clock. 24

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1Systems of. emergency communications shall be established to

2corrmunicato instructions and. to disseminate information both

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42. Establish' periodic tests of the communication syste:ns, with ,

5test frequency connensurate with the reliability of the system.-

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3.7 Protective Measures .

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.71. Establish evacuation and/or take cover' criteria, including ,

emergency evacuation routes and evacuee assembly areas.' These 8,

' .. routes should be coordinated with local authorit'ies.9,

102. Establisit criteria for evacuation of one area and assembly a't ,

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the next area. -. .

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123. Provide methods to ass'ure that pers.o,nnel are accounted for and

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13are monitored for radiation exposure and contamination where'

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appropriate. .-

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evacuation that can be taken to reduce the consequences 'of 16'

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the emergency. -

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3.8 Medical Assistance.

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1E1. Make prior arrangements with physicians, hospitals, ambulances,

or rescue services for medical assistance and transportation . 2C

2'for contaminated, injured, and exposed individuals. ,2:

2. Provide on-site capabilities for emergency first-aid treatment,-

personnel monitoring and facilities for decont' amination o..

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3.9 .' Pub 1ic Infoniation~ '"

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the public foliexi,ng an emergency. ,, ..-.

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3.10 Reentry Planning ,..

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51. Establish a recovery and reentry plan which describes, gen-' ,-

6- eral measures for recovery and reentry. .

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2.. Provide * for the rescue of personnel and for obtaining 7

essential information needed to evaluate the emergency. ' 8..

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Establish maximum exp,osure guides'for rescue personnel. *9,.

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Est.ablish reentry authority and responsibility for the .10'

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12' '3.11 Traininq -- -

1. Establish programs to train and periodically retrain on- 13 .

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and to give specified training to on and off site personnel 15 , ,'i*

who have specific emergency response assignments. '16 -

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2. Make provisions for periodic emergency exercise, including 17*

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utilization of appropriate emergency equipment. Par- 18

ticipation of persons outside the owner / operator organ- '[9 -

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ization should include periodic checks of communication 20 |, ,

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with such persons. '. 21 --

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3. Provide for emergency exercise criticiues which are 22.

des,igned to reveal weakness in procedures, equipment, 23-

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and personnel. Correct weakn'ess . identified by these 24'-.

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""1'' 4.0 ' Emergency Proceduresi to Implemen,t ' the Emergency plan,,

s ,,.42In the implementation of the Emergency Plan, written procedures are

necessary to place the facility in a safe condition and to control and 3,

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mitigate the effects of.the emergency.

The procedures, which must be short, concise, and direct if they are to .5.

be of maximum value in an emergency, shall specify steps to implement 6'

effectively the objectives of the emergency plan. The,. format may vary 7

from facility to facility, but- the items described'below shall be covered '8'

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(these items below bear numbers that correspond to like-numbered sub- 9.

categories in 3.0 General Requirements of the Emergency Plan). To ensure 10-, ,

concise, effective procedures, only applicable points below should appear 11'

in any one procedure; the entire body of procedures taken as a whole 12'

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4.1 Organization ' .14

Individual assignment of authority and responsibility for per- -15*.

formance of specific tasks, including: Emergency teams, succession 16 ,*-.

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of com.and, alternate,s, notification lists, around the clock coverage.17-

' 4. 2 Coordination with On- and Off-site Authorities 18..

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Current notification lists and specific actions for coordination . 19,,

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with support groups on and off site. 20.

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4.3 Types of Emergencies 21 '.

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Types of potential emergencies (e.g. , operational, nat' ural phenomena, 22.

23injury, fire, civil disorders), their severity and corresponding,i

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4.4 InstrumentationandShecialEquiement 25

| Utilization of available instrumentation to confirm existence and 26 ],

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magnitude of emergency; provisions for an utilization of special 27'

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equipment to control and mitigate effects of the accident and to 28 4

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effect rescue and treatment of personnel; annual or more frequent 29 i- * r. . <,- .

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functional test and inventory. 1.

4.5 Action Levels 2' '

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Action levels requiring implementation of the various emergency steps; 3

action required at these levels; identificatit n of alarm types for 4

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, 5. '/various emergencies.

4.6 Emergency Communications 6 |'

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Identification, location, and specification of communication nettrorks; 7-

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identification of backup or alternate networks including portable 8

equipment; identification of notification requirements et various ' 9

steps in tfie emergency; annual or more frequent functional test. 10-

4.7 Protective Measures 11-

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Conditions for evacuation, taking cover, or other actions; identi- 12

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fication of evacuation routes and assembly areas (primary and ' 13-

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alternates); distance for evacuation; duration of shelter occupation; 11

. transportation; segregation of involved '(potentially contaminated) 15.

personnel; personnel accountability; conditions for handling injured 16-

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or disabled personnel, action levels and steps for recommending when 17,

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on- and off-site populations is to evacuate or take other protective 18'

rneasures. ,.19

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4/8 Medical Assistance, 20*

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Determination of nature and gerieral extent of injury; provision of 21

~interim care or first aid; notification (including notification 22

methods) of medical authorities; information of possible exposure 23

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or contamination. 24'

4.9 public Information 25.

~ llotification of owner / operator's management of emergency conditions; 26*

list of pertinent information needed for public information release, 27,

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28to be made availabl.e to authorized spokesman. -

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'4.10 Reentry Planning2

Identification of person (and alternates)to authorize reentry;.

3steps to restore the condition to normal; . exposure guides for

reentry; identi- . 4'reentry and for rescue personnel; conditions for , ,

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fication of rescue personnel or reentry teams and authority for-

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their rescue 5peration; specification and location of rescue and'

7reentry emerg'ency equipment and of vital records.

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4.11 Training ,

9. Current lis't of currently qualified emergency response personnel;'

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10annual or more frequent training of operations personnel with - ...

11specific emergency-r5sponse assignments and criteria to determine

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12levels of proficiency; annual or more frequent orientation of ..

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on-site personnel; instructio.ns to off-site.pe.rsonnel with specifici .

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