7 Body Temperature and Heat Stroke Jan 2013 (1)

7/28/2019 7 Body Temperature and Heat Stroke Jan 2013 (1)

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Topics

1. Introduction

2.Energy and thermodynamics

3.Feeding and digestion

4. Ionic gradient, electrical potential

5.Electrical signals and neurons

6.Cytoskeletons, motor proteins and muscle

7.Heat production and body temperature


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Heat production and

body tempeature


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Homeostasis

http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-

our-bodies-274183.html

Feedback mechanisms

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Feedback_mechanism

Regulation of blood pressure

http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-

hypertension/

http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/buildframes.html?ca

rdio/mainbp/01

http://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-

pressure.html
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Feedback_mechanismhttp://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/buildframes.html?cardio/mainbp/01http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/buildframes.html?cardio/mainbp/01http://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlhttp://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/buildframes.html?cardio/mainbp/01http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/buildframes.html?cardio/mainbp/01http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.metabolism.com/2008/08/23/blood-pressure-regulation-hypertension/http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Feedback_mechanismhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Feedback_mechanismhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Feedback_mechanismhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/homeostasis-regulation-of-our-bodies-274183.html


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Regulation of body temperature

http://www.biologymad.com/resources/A2%20Homeostasis.pdf

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-

regulation-in-humans.html

Fever

http://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node46.html#SECTION00520000000000000000


000000000



000000000
http://www.biologymad.com/resources/A2%20Homeostasis.pdfhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node46.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node46.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node47.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node47.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node48.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node48.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node49.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node49.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node49.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node49.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node48.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node48.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node47.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node47.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node46.htmlhttp://nic.sav.sk/logos/books/scientific/node46.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/homeostasis-and-temperature-regulation-in-humans.htmlhttp://www.biologymad.com/resources/A2%20Homeostasis.pdf


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Todays question:

How muchsugar(glucose) do

you need to eat inONE day?


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sugar


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C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

H = 673 kcal / mole

MW = 180 g / mole

154 lb (70 kg)

BMR1500 kcal

Activities

2000 kcal

3500 kcal


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How much do you eat / day?

180 : 673 = x : 3500

x =(180) (3500)673

=936g

0.94kg

5.2mole2.06lb


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Glucose Glycolysis

Krebs cycle(TCA)

38 moles ATP

CO2 + H2O

ETSO2


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You eat 3times a day

ATPproduced = 38 x 5.2

= 197.6 moles

M.W. (ATP) = 507 g / mole

.

. .

197.6 x 507 = 100,183 g100 kg

After each meal:

1003 = 33 kg of ATP


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What is our ATP pool?

10 mol / g body

10 x 10-6 x 70,000 x 507 = 354 g of ATP

We produce (or need) 100,183 g / day= 100,183 = 70 g / min

354 gcan sustain 5 minif we are notproducing ATP anymore.

60 x 24


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We have made 5.2 x 38 = 197.6 moles ATP

ATP ADP + Pi H = 5.1 kg

197.6 x 5.1 = 1008 kcal

Efficiency = (1008 / 3500) x 100Glucose ATP 3500

= 28.8 %

Efficiency = 30% of 28.8 %

ATP Work

= 302 kcal

Or, 3198 kcal Heat


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We are not heat engines!!

Efficiency= (T2-T1)T1 x 100


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Conclusion

1. We are chemical engines.

2. The major chemical fuel for physiological

processes is ATP.

3. Wedo not storeATP.

4. We are never 100 % efficient.

5. During physiological processes, heat is

released.


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Question for thought:

1. How does a shark detect its prey?


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Question for thought:

2.How to detect survivors in rabblesafter the collapse of a building?


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What is homeostasis?

Why is it important to maintain thesteady state concentrations of various

biochemicals and ions in the

extracellular fluid and inside the cell?


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Equilibrium

Steady State

Homeostasis - regulates internal environment,

maintains steady state.


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What is a negative feedback mechanism?

What is a positive feedback mechanism?


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Homeothermy

Heat Gain1. Muscular Activity

(Shivering,

exercise,

unconscious

muscle tension)2. Hormonal

stimulation of

metabolism

3. Food intake

4. Basal metabolic

heat

Heat Loss1. Evaporation

(from lungs,

skin and

sweating)

2. Conducting

and radiation

370C

35 39


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Fever-resetting

of thermostat in

hypothalamus


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Why would one feel cold during the onset of a

fever and feel hot as one recovers?

At the onset of a fever, the thermostat at the

hypothalamus sets the body temperature at a higher

level

In order to bring the core temperature to a new highlevel :

1) blood vessels in the skin constrict,

pale dry skin, decrease heat loss.2) metabolism may step up.

Temp sensors are located in the skin


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Temperature receptors of our body actually

sense the temperature of the skin and not

the core temp.

Since less heat goes through the skin

during the onset of a fever, one feels

cold!!!

When fever is on decline, one feels hot

and the reverse sequence of events

occurs.


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Should you were more clothingand keep your body warm when

you are building up a fever?

Fever and 5Cs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWg


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Fever

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWg&feature=fvsr
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWg&feature=fvsrhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjmnrNinpWg&feature=fvsr


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Normal setting of thermostat in hypothalamus

High environmental temperature

Low environmental temperature


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Temperature

Temperature

receptors

Skin

temperatureset at 370C

sweat

Skin

BloodFlow

Shivering

hormone in

circulation

Heat loss byevaporation

Heat loss by

conduction

and radiation

Heat

production

(-)

COMPENSATION

BodySkin

Hypothalamus


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncF6RSRmBcM


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Sweat gland

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1tpwDvfjh4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzAIeHKrcK8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1tpwDvfjh4&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzAIeHKrcK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzAIeHKrcK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1tpwDvfjh4&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1tpwDvfjh4&NR=1


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Saunas


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Hot tub


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What happens if you enter a 45oC room?

Hypothalamus set body temp. at 37oC

Blood pressurecardiac output

Blood vessel dilation

blood flow to skinTemp

sweat plasma volume

Blood pressureAldosterone secretion

Na+ reabsorption

ADH secretion

urine production

output from heart

sweating

until your system collapses.Temp. rise

Faint

If blood supply to brain becomes low


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Fainting after

strenuous

exercise

Sweating


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Temp Metabolism Heatproduction

(+)

Reinforcement

Positive feedback destabilize the

system


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Heat Stroke and dehydrationhttp://www.umm.edu/non_trauma/dehyrat.htm
http://www.umm.edu/non_trauma/dehyrat.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/non_trauma/dehyrat.htm


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Death by hypothermia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgqfQuivDrU&feature=endscreen


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Blood pressure


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Blood pressure and heart


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Blood pressure and heartBlood pressure and heartBlood pressure and heart

Blood pressure and diameter of blood vessel


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(-)

COMPENSATION

Heart

Cardiac

OutputBlood

PressureResistance

Arterioles

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

COMPENSATION

(-)

CNS Motornerve

Motor

nerve


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Hypertension

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnyfElxkBlI

Problem:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnyfElxkBlIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnyfElxkBlI


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Problem:

Hypertension can be divided into 2 types.

Primary (essential) hypertension is due to unknown

cause.Secondary hypertension is due to abnormal hormonal

production.

1.increase workload for heart,

increase in volume of heart muscle (left ventricle),

increase O2 demand,

limitation of coronary circulation,

ischemia,

heart attack.

2. increase chances of arteriosclerosis and hemorrhages.

3. kidney failure


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Fainting afterstrenuous

exercise

Sweating

and blood

pressure


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Hypotension

(fainting)

1. orthostatic

2. shock


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What happens if you enter a 45oC room?

Hypothalamus set body temp. at 37oC

Blood pressurecardiac output

Blood vessel dilation

blood flow to skinTemp

sweat plasma volume

Blood pressureAldosterone secretion

Na+ reabsorption

ADH secretion

urine production

output from heart

sweating

until your system collapses.Temp. rise

Faint

If blood supply to brain becomes low


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Blood Hypothalamus Posterior

pituitaryKidney

Blood Hypothalamus Posterior

pituitaryKidney

osmotic

content

(soluteconcentration)

depress

osmo-

regulator

release

of ADH

H2O

reabsorption

osmotic

content

(soluteconcentration)

stimulate

osmo-

regulator

release

of ADH

H2O

reabsorption

COMPENSATION

COMPENSATION

(-)

(-)

H2O

intake

H2O

loss

H2O

intake

H2O

loss


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Body

FluidsKidney Kidney

Plasma

Proteins

Volume Bloodpressure Secretionof Renin Formation ofAngiotensin

Secretion of

Aldosterone

Adrenal

Cortex

Na+ & H2O

reabsorption

KidneyCOMPENSATION

(-)


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What happens after you go for a blood

donation?

parasympathetic

sympathetic cardiac output

resistance

Blood volume Blood pressure secretion of renin

Na+ reabsorption secretion of

aldosterone

formation of

angiotensinPlasma solute

conc

release

of ADH H2O

reabsorption


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End


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Learning = new information + new

skills + new experience

Learning =making new connections

between information, skills andexperience

Learning = un-learn + re-learn


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Conception

Configuration

Contradiction

Confusion

Reconfiguration

Culmination

Celebration

Thinking

Thinking

Doing

Learning activities:


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Learning is not passive listening

To understand the topic

To reformulate material

To use it

To analyse it, filterif necessary

To re-structure it, build connections

To question it, doubt

To search and weigh evidence

To rejectthose parts of it that dont stand scrutiny


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Wonderment, Inquisitiveness,

Curiosity

All thinking begins with wonderment

---Socrates---


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Exploration


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Thank you,

and see you inBL3262 orUROPS

7 Body Temperature and Heat Stroke Jan 2013 (1)

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