7 Anat 35 Muscle Tissue - Mt. SAC Faculty...
Transcript of 7 Anat 35 Muscle Tissue - Mt. SAC Faculty...
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MUSCULARSYSTEM
HumanAnatomyUnit2
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InAnatomyToday
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FunctionsMovementsofbonesandsoftbodyparts
Movementsoffluidsthroughatube(blood,digestive)
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Functions
Maintainposture Supportsoftorgans
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FunctionsControlmovementthroughapassageoropening Controlbodytemperature
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MuscleFascia
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MuscleTissue
• Connectivetissuelayersarecontinuouswitheachother– Tendon– Periostium– Epimysium– Perimysium– Endomysium
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FascicleOrientation5MuscleTypes
• Fusiform• Parallel• Convergent• Pennate• Circular
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FusiformMuscles
• Thickinmiddle• Taperedatends• Moderatelystrongcontractions
• Examples:– Bicepsbrachii– Gastrocnemius
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ParallelMuscles
• Straplikewithparallelfascicles
• Uniformwidth• Contractmorethanothermuscletypes
• Weakerthanfusiform• Examples:– Rectusabdominis– Sartorius
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PennateMuscles• Feather-shaped• Fascicleinsertsintotendonrunningthroughmuscle
• Unipennate– Semimembranosus
• Bipennate– Rectusfemoris
• Multipennate– Deltoid
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CircularandConvergentMuscles
• Circular– Sphincters– Ex)Obicularisoris
• Convergent– Fanshaped– Narrowatinsertion– Strong– Ex)Pectoralismajor
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Macrostructureofskeletalmuscle
• Origins– attachmentofamuscletoastationarybone
• Insertions– attachmentofamuscletoamovablebone
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CharacteristicsofOriginsandInsertions
• Indirectattachments(mostcommon)– Tendons
• cordlikestructuresoffibrous,regularconnectivetissue– Aponeuroses
• awide,thin,tendon
• Directattachments– themusclesurfaceisattacheddirectlytotheperiosteumofbone
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NamingMuscles
• Byfiberarrangement• Rectus– Fascicles(fibers)runparalleltothemusclelongitudinalmidlineaxis(LMA)
• Example– Rectusabdominis
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NamingMuscles
• Byfiberarrangement• Transverse
– FasciclesareperpendiculartotheLMA
– Transverseabdominis– Transversus costarum
• Oblique– Fasciclesareatanangle
differentthanparallelorperpendicular
– Internal/externaloblique
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NamingMuscles
• Bylocation• Relativelocation– Tibialis anterior– Vastus lateralis– Serratus dorsalis– Scalenius dorsalis
• Profundus– adeepmuscle– Flexordigitorumprofundus
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NamingMuscles
• Bysize–maximus–minimus–medius–brevis– longus–magnus
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NamingMuscles
• Bythenumberoforigins–biceps–triceps–quadriceps
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NamingMuscles
• Byshape• Deltoideus– Triangular– Attachedatside
• Trapezius– Quadrilateral– 2sidesthatareparallel
• Rhomboideus– parallelogram
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NamingMuscles
• Byoriginandinsertion– Sternocleidomastoid– Sternohyoid
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NamingMuscles
• Byaction• flexorpolliceslongus(pollux=thumb)
• pronatorteres(teres=round)
• extensordigitorum
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FunctionalGroupsofMuscles
1. Primemovers(agonists)2. Synergists3. Antagonists4. Fixators
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PrimeMovers
• Muscleproducesmostofforceduringmovementacrossaparticularjoint
• 11types– Flexor Abductor– Extensor Adductor– Levator Depressor– Supinator Pronator– Rotator Sphincter– Tensor
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TypesofMuscleFibers
• Classifiedbasedonthespeedofcontraction1. Slow(TypeI,SO)2. Intermediate(TypeIIA,FO:fastoxidative)3. Fast(TypeIIB,FG:fastglycolytic)
• Othercharacteristics– Primarysourceoffuel– Myoglobincontent– Diameteroffiber– Bloodsupply– Timetofatigue
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SlowTwitchFibersTypeI:SOFibers
• Smalldiameter• Fatigueresistant– Verygoodbloodsupply–Myoglobin(redmeat)–Manymitochondria
• Takealongtimetocontractafterstimulation• Developlesstension• Primarilyaerobicmetabolism– Lipids,carbohydrates,aminoacids
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IntermediateTwitchFibersTypeIIA:FOFibers
• Fasttwitch• Intermediate– Diameter– Fatigueresistance
• Bloodsupply• Numberofmitochondria• Myoglobincontent
– Tension
• Primarilyaerobicmetabolism– Carbohydrates– High[glycolyticenzymes]insarcoplasm
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FastTwitchFibersTypeII,FGFibers
• Largediameter• Fatiguequickly– Poorbloodsupply– Nomyoglobin(whitemeat)– Fewmitochondria
• Generatesalotoftension(Force)• Primarilyanaerobicmetabolism– Creatine phosphate– High[glycolyticenzymes]insarcoplasm
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FiberTypeDistribution