7 Activist Uses of Digital Tech: Popular Resistance in Egypt

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7 Activist Uses of Digital Tech: Popular Resistance in Egypt background: original photo by Ramy Raoof/Flickr (Tahrir Square, February 11 th , 2011) Mary Joyce for the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict | April 12 th , 2011

description

When thinking about the use of digital technology and social media in resistance we are often overwhelmed by anecdote. Look at a dozen cases and you will see three dozen examples of how activists are using digital technology in their work. This endless variety can be confusing not only to observers, but to activists themselves. There are few guidelines for what tech can and cannot do or strategic frameworks to use in planning whether and how to use digital technology in a campaign. In this webinar Mary Joyce, Founder of the Meta-Activism Project, will present a framework that divides digital technology into seven activist functions: documenting, co-creating, mobilizing, broadcasting, synthesizing, protecting and transferring resources. She will use the recent case of the Egyptian Revolution to explore these functions.

Transcript of 7 Activist Uses of Digital Tech: Popular Resistance in Egypt

Page 1: 7 Activist Uses of Digital Tech:  Popular Resistance in Egypt

7 Activist Uses of Digital Tech:

Popular Resistance in Egypt

background: original photo by Ramy Raoof/Flickr (Tahrir Square, February 11th, 2011)

Mary Joyce for the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict | April 12th, 2011

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Overwhelmed by Variety

Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Digital Activism

of tools

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Overwhelmed by Variety

Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Digital Activism

+ anecdotes

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

officials

accountable

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

officials

accountable

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

officials

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?The Options Seem Limitless!

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

officials

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

official s

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

All clear now?

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

official s

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

All clear now?of course not!

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

official s

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?More Information≠More

Knowledge

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

official s

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?More Information≠More

Knowledge≠Better Strategy

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Moving From Information to StrategyDigital Activism

1) Start with lots of cases

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Moving From Information to StrategyDigital Activism

StrategicLessons

1) Start with lots of cases

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Create a

public

crowdsourced

crisis map

What Can Digital Tech do for Activists?Too Many Lessons

Create a website to anonymously leak private information of public interest

Hack

ing

cam

paig

ns

Create a free global

human rights campaign

Hold public

officials

accountable

Create a free

decentralized

campaign

sustained

by

supporter

content

Direct donations to an outsider candidate

Mobilize supporters and

inform the world

about a crackdown

the government

doesn’t want anyone to know about

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Moving From Information to StrategyDigital Activism

1) Start with lots of cases2) Ask what characteristics

they have in common

create hack direct website anonymity information public

interest crowdsourced campaigns free global

donations decentralized supporter content

mobilize world

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Moving From Information to StrategyDigital Activism

1) Start with lots of cases2) Ask what characteristics

they have in common3) Keep narrowing to get

to exhaustive + exclusive

create anonymity information donations

content mobilize

create hack direct website anonymity information public

interest crowdsourced campaigns free global

donations decentralized supporter content

mobilize world

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of Digital TechnologyThe 7 Activist Uses

1.Document 2.Broadcast 3.Mobilize4.Co-Create5.Protect 6.Synthesize 7.Transfer

Resources

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1.Document: digital content creation 2.Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to

action 3.Mobilize: information-sharing, w/ call to

action4.Co-Create: design and planning 5.Protect: evading censorship & surveillance 6.Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up 7.Transfer Resources: $$$

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1.Document: digital content creation

The digital encoding of text, video, or audio, regardless of the whether is subsequently shared.

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1.Document: digital content creation

February 3rd, 2011

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1.Document: digital content creation

February 3rd, 2011

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of Digital TechnologyThe 7 Activist Uses

1.Document: digital content creation

February 3rd, 2011

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of Digital TechnologyThe 7 Activist Uses

1.Document: digital content creation

February 3rd, 2011

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

The most basic form of content-sharing, aim is to create shared understanding of public issue.

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgwvCxS2nDw

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

Charging mobile phones in Tahrir (BoingBoing)

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

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2. Broadcast: information-sharing, no call to action

http://bambuser.com/channel/RamyRaoof/broadcast/1383428 (online media officer for the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights)

go to site

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3. Mobilize: information-sharing, w/ call to action

Content-sharing which includes a direct request for the viewer to take action.

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3. Mobilize: information-sharing, w/ call to action

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3. Mobilize: information-sharing, w/ call to action

Purification FridayApril 8

The People Want to Know:

“What’s the Plan?”

+offline

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4. Co-Create: design and planning

http://lissnup.wordpress.com/2011/02/08/wael-ghonim-interview-1-3-with-english-transcript/

The iterative decision-making process by which actions and campaigns are designed and planned.

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4. Co-Create: design and planning

“By the way…the secret behind the success of the [Facebook] page is that before any decision was taken, we’d take a survey and everyone would give their opinions, and the opinion of the majority would prevail.”

- Wael Ghonim, February 7th, 2011

http://lissnup.wordpress.com/2011/02/08/wael-ghonim-interview-1-3-with-english-transcript/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW59LZsjE_g, image source unknown

go to site

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4. Co-Create: design and planning

Most planning occurred offline for security reasons, but when technology was used, it was private and one-to-one (SMS, phone calls, GChat), unlike social media, which is public and many-to-many.

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4. Co-Create: design and planning

offline organizing (http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/02/09/world/1248069625583/the-road-to-tahrir-square.html?scp=1&sq=road%20to%20tahrir&st=cse )

Offline mobilization and planning was critically to avoiding detection, especially in the beginning.

go to site

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5. Protect: evading censorship & surveillance

Applications that help activists evade censorship blocks and government surveillance of their digital communication.

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5. Protect: evading censorship & surveillance

https://sesawe.net/blog/new-tools-opera-puff/ )

Opera Mini is a web browser for smart phones that includes an app called Turbo which, when enabled, loads content through an Opera-run server. This speeds up retrieval of content if connectivity is slow, but has the side-effect of basically being a proxy server to circumvent restrictions on content which limit your access.

- Sesawe.net

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

Aggregation: bringing together content of the same type (photos, news articles)

Mash-up: bringing together content of different types (GPS data, video, music, text)

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.flickr.com/groups/piggipedia/pool/

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.flickr.com/groups/piggipedia/pool/

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.flickr.com/photos/58247883@N07 / & http://www.facebook.com/AmnDawlaLeaks

@teleraby

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.flickr.com/photos/58247883@N07 / & http://www.facebook.com/AmnDawlaLeaks

@teleraby

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.flickr.com/photos/58247883@N07 / & http://www.facebook.com/AmnDawlaLeaks

@teleraby

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://irevolution.net/2011/02/03/egypt-jan25-ushahidi/

U-Shahid Map (Development and Institutionalization Support Center, Cairo)

Jan 25th CrowdMap (Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, Cairo)

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6. Synthesize: aggregation & mash-up

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThvBJMzmSZI

go to site

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7. Transfer Resources: $$$

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7. Transfer Resources: $$$

(none)

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7. Transfer Resources: $$$

“I was kidnapped … inside State Security prison…. They were all 100% certain that we were traitors, working for others, either brainwashed, or funded by some entity directing us. Telling us where to go, what to do, what to post online.”

- Wael Ghonim, February 7th, 2011

http://lissnup.wordpress.com/2011/02/08/wael-ghonim-interview-1-3-with-english-transcript/

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Tool Example: TwitterThe True Complexity

Mobilize+ Broadcast + Document + Protect + Aggregate

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

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/egypro

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com

/ (b

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4537322405/s

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

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/egypro

test

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Documenting

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

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/egypro

test

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/ww

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Documenting

Aggregation

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

p:/

/egypro

test

-defe

nse

.blo

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/ (b

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Aggregation

Co-Creation

Documenting

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

p:/

/egypro

test

-defe

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gsp

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/ (b

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Aggregation

Broadcast

Co-Creation

Documenting

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Org Example: Front to Defend Egypt Protestors

The True Complexity

htt

p:/

/egypro

test

-defe

nse

.blo

gsp

ot.

com

/ (b

roadca

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Aggregation

Broadcast

Mob

iliza

tion

Co-Creation

Documenting

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Images (clockwise from top-left): Guardian, Ushahidi, Anonymous, Free Kareem Campaign, DigiActive, It Gets Better Project, DailyKos, Guardian

Document

Synthesize

Broadcast

Applying the FrameworkFinding New Trends

DocumentSynthesizeBroadcastProtect

Mobiliz

eCo-C

reate

Pro

tect

DocumentSynthesizeBroadcastMobilize

Document

Synthesize

Broadcast

Mobilize

Document

Broadcast

Transfer $ Mobilize

(all of the above)

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Merging of Online and Offline Tactics

“The revolution belonged to the Internet youth. Then it belonged to the Egyptian youth. Then the revolution belonged to all the people of Egypt”

-Wael Ghonimhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW59LZsjE_g

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Thanks! Any Questions?

Email: [email protected]: @Mary_Joyce

Site: www.Meta-Activism.org

+ thanks to Alix Dunn for her Egypt expertise (www.engineroom.no)