7-1-1 Developer Users Guide

Title Page

webMethods DeveloperUser’s Guide

Version 7.1.1

January 2008

webMethods

Copyright& Docu‐ment ID
This document applies to webMethods Developer Version 7.1.1 and webMethods Integration Server Version 7.1.1 and to all subsequent releases.

Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions.

© Copyright Software AG 2008.

All rights reserved.

The name Software AG and/or all Software AG product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Software AG. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Document ID: DEV-UG-711-20080128

Table of Contents

About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1. Getting Started with Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17What Is Developer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Before You Use Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Starting Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19What Does the Developer Window Contain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

The Navigation Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Navigation Panel Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Refreshing the Contents of the Navigation Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

The UDDI Registry Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25UDDI Registry Tab Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

The Recent Elements Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27The Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27The Properties Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29The Results Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Working in the Developer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Moving Between Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Performing Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Resizing Areas in the Developer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Hiding and Showing Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Dragging Movable Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Switching Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Opening, Closing, and Restoring Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Restoring a Session on a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Notification of Server Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Changing Your Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Password Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2. Managing Elements in the Navigation Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39What Is an Element? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Creating New Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

About Element Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Package Names and Element Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Guidelines for Naming Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Editing Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Specifying Dependency Checking Safeguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Notes About Performing Actions on Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

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Opening and Closing Elements in the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Moving and Copying Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Moving and Copying Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Copying Elements Between Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Moving and Copying Adapter Notifications and Related Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Renaming Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Saving Changes to Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Deleting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Finding Elements and Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Finding Elements in the Navigation Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Finding Fields in Editor Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Locating Invoked Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Finding Dependents and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Finding Dependents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Finding References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Inspecting Pipeline References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Caching Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Clearing the Developer Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

3. Working with Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69What Is a Package? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Package Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Creating a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Guidelines for Naming Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Viewing Details for a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Optimizing Lock Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Copying a Package to Another Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Documenting a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Reloading a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Deleting a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Exporting a Package or Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Assigning a Version Number to a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Viewing the Patch History for a Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Identifying Package Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Removing Package Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

What Is a Startup Service? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83What Is a Shutdown Service? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84What Is a Replication Service? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Guidelines for Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Removing Startup, Shutdown, and Replication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

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4. Locking and Unlocking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

What Is a Lock? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88How Do I Know Who Has an Element Locked? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89When Do I Lock an Element? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89When Do I Unlock an Element? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Locking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Locking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Locking Java and C/C++ Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Locking Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92System Locking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Viewing the Status of Locked Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Copying, Moving, or Deleting Locked Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Unlocking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Unlocking Elements Using Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Unlocking an Element Using the Integration Server Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Unlocking a System Locked Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Viewing an Element’s Corresponding Server Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Automatically Unlocking Elements After Saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Lock/Unlock Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Package Management Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Save Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Other Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5. Assigning and Managing Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

What Is an ACL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104What Happens When a Client Runs a Service with ACLs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Am I Required to Use ACLs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106How Do I Create an ACL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Assigning ACLs to Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106The Permissions Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107ACLs and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Default ACLs and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Viewing ACL Information on a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109How ACLs Affect Other Developer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

ACLs and Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ACLs and Testing/Debugging Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ACLs and Creating, Viewing, and Deleting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112


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6. Building Flow Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

What Is a Flow Service? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116What Is a Flow Step? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117What Is the Pipeline? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118What Are Input and Output Parameters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

A Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Creating a New Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Package and Folder Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Using the Default Logic Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Inserting Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Supported Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Specifying Input Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Specifying Output Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Completing the Input/Output Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Assigning an Output Template to a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Specifying Run-Time Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Maintaining the State of a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Configuring a Service’s Use of Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Types of Services to Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Services Suited for Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Services that You Should Not Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Controlling a Service’s Use of Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Specifying the Duration of a Cached Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Using the Prefetch Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Specifying the Execution Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Configuring Service Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

About the Maximum Retry Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Setting Service Retry Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Assigning Universal Names to Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Configuring Service Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Enabling Auditing for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Specifying When Audit Data Is Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Including the Pipeline in the Audit Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

When Is a Copy of the Input Pipeline Saved in the Audit Log? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Service Auditing Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Error Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Service Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Auditing for Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Auditing Long-Running Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Setting Auditing Options for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Audit Level Settings in Earlier Versions of Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Printing a Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149


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7. Inserting Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151What Is a Flow Step? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Inserting and Moving Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Changing the Position of a Flow Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Changing the Level of a Flow Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Setting the Properties of a Flow Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

The INVOKE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Specifying the Service Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Invoking a Built-In Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Invoking a Service on Another webMethods Integration Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Building an INVOKE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

The BRANCH Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Branching on a Switch Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Specifying the Switch Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Specifying the Label Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Branching on an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Branching on Null and Empty Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Specifying a Default Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Using SEQUENCE as the Target of a BRANCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Building a BRANCH Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

The REPEAT Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Specifying the REPEAT Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Setting the REPEAT Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171When Does REPEAT Fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Using REPEAT to Retry a Failed Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Using REPEAT to Retry a Successful Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

The SEQUENCE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Using SEQUENCE to Specify an Exit Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

The LOOP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Specifying the Input Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Collecting Output from a LOOP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Building a LOOP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

The EXIT Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181The MAP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

8. Mapping Data in a Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185What Is Data Mapping? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186What Does the Pipeline Tab Contain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Pipeline Tab for an INVOKE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Pipeline Tab for a MAP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Pipeline Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Printing the Pipeline Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Basic Mapping Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Linking Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

What Happens When Integration Server Executes a Link Between Variables? . . 196


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Linking to Document and Document List Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Linking Variables of Different Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Examples of Structural Transformations on the Pipeline Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Converting a String List to a Document List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Linking to and from Array Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Guidelines for Linking to and from Array Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Deleting Links Between Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Applying Conditions to Links Between Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Linking Multiple Source Variables to a Target Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Assigning Values to Pipeline Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Assigning a Default Value to a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Initializing Variables in a Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Referencing Other Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Setting a Value for a Pipeline Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Copying Set Values Between Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Dropping Variables from the Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Adding Variables with the Pipeline Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Working with Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212What Are Transformers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Using Built-in Services as Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Inserting a Transformer into a MAP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Linking Variables to a Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Transformer Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Transformers and Array Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

What Is Dimensionality? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Validating Input and Output for Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Copying Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Expanding Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Renaming Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Debugging Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

9. Creating IS Schemas, IS Document Types, and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Creating an IS Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

What Does an IS Schema Look Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Schema Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Schema Details Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Creating an IS Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Creating IS Schemas from XML Schemas that Reference Other Schemas . . . . . 230Editing a Simple Type in an IS Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Setting Constraining Facet Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Creating an IS Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Creating an Empty IS Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Creating an IS Document Type from an XML Document, DTD, or XML Schema . . . . 235


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Points to Consider for All Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Points to Consider When Using a DTD As the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Points to Consider When Using an XML Schema As the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Expanding Complex Document Types Inline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237Generating Fields for Substitution Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Creating an IS Document Type from a Broker Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240The Envelope Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Adapter Notifications and Publishable Document Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Editing an IS Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244Modifying Publishable Document Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Printing an IS Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Using an IS Document Type to Specify Service Input or Output Parameters . . . . . . . 245Using an IS Document Type to Build a Document Reference or Document Reference List

Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246Specifying Field Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Creating a Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

10. Performing Data Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253What Is Data Validation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

What Is Data Validated Against? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Applying Constraints to Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Considerations for Object Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Customizing a String Content Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Viewing the Constraints Applied to Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Performing Input/Output Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Specifying Input/Output Validation via the Input/Output Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Specifying Input/Output Validation via the INVOKE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Performing Document Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Performing Pipeline Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Performing XML Validation in webMethods Integration Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Performing Validation from within a Java Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Validation Errors and Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Validation Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Running Out of Memory During Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

11. Testing and Debugging Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Testing and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Testing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Testing Services from Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Entering Input for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Saving Input Values to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274Loading Input Values from a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Viewing the Results of the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Copying Variables from the Results Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Run-Time Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277


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The Call Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278The Pipeline Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Testing Services from a Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Testing Services that Expect XML Documents as Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Working in Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Entering Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Combining the Step and Trace Commands in Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Resetting Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Using the Trace Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Tracing into a Child Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Using the Step Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Stepping though a Child Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Using the Step Tools with a MAP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Setting Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288What Happens When a Breakpoint Is Encountered? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Setting Breakpoints on Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290Viewing a List of Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Disabling Flow Steps, Transformers, and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Disabling Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Disabling Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293Disabling a Condition Placed on a Link Between Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Modifying the Current Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Saving and Restoring the Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Saving the Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296Saving the Contents of the Results Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Saving the Pipeline at Run Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Restoring the Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298Loading a Saved Pipeline into the Results Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Loading a Saved Pipeline at Run Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Other Debugging Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Using the Server’s Debug Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300The Contents of the Server Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Server Debug Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Writing Information to the Server Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Writing an Arbitrary Message to the Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Dumping the Pipeline to the Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

12. Building Coded Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

The IData Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308Services Take IData Objects as Input and Return IData as Output . . . . . . . . . . . 308Getting and Setting Elements in an IData Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Creating IData Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Building Services Using Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310How Java Services Are Organized on the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310


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Building Java Services with Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311Using the Developer IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

The Java Service Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311The Shared Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Creating a Java Service with Developer’s IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Generating Java Code from Service Input and Output Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Setting Run-Time Options for a Java Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Building Java Services with Your Own IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

The Namespace Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317The Source Code Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318Writing the Source Code for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Using the webMethods API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319The Basic Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Commenting Code for the webMethods Integration Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Using the jcode Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Make Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Fragment Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Composite Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Other jcode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Building Services Using C/C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Generating Files for a C/C++ Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324The Java Code for a C Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Building the C/C++ Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Building Services Using COM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Invoking Methods from Existing COM and DCOM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Creating the Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Invoking the Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

13. Creating Client Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332Building a Java Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334Files that Are Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Building a C/C++ Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336Files that Are Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Building a Visual Basic Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Environment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337


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Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Files that Are Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

General Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Files for the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Files Containing the Code that Invokes the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339File Containing the Code that Interacts with webMethods Integration Server . . . . 339

Building an Excel Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Files that Are Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Building a Browser-Based Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Invoking Services with a URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Using the HTTP GET Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Using the HTTP POST Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Input to the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Output from the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

14. Subscribing to Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347The Event Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

What Are Event Handlers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350What Happens When an Event Occurs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Managing Event Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350Subscribing to an Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Creating Event Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Creating Event Filters for Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Viewing and Editing Event Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Suspending Event Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356Deleting an Event Subscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Building an Event Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Sample Event Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Working with Alarm Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Building Handlers for Alarm Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Working with Audit Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360Building Handlers for Audit Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Working with Exception Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Building Handlers for Exception Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Working with Guaranteed Delivery Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364Guaranteed Delivery Events and Transaction Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364Building Handlers for Guaranteed Delivery Start Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Building Handlers for Guaranteed Delivery End Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Working with Port Status Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Building Handlers for Port Status Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367


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Working with Replication Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Building Handlers for Replication Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Working with Session Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Building Handlers for Session Start Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Building Handlers for Session End Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Building Handlers for Session Expire Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Working with Stat Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Building Handlers for Stat Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Working with Transaction Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Building Handlers for Transaction Start Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Building Handlers for Transaction End Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

15. Building Services that Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376Requirements for Retrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Adapter Services and Retry Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376Building a Service that Throws an Exception for Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

How to Build a Service that Throws an Exception for Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Example—Building a Service that Throws an Exception for Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

A. webMethods Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383BRANCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Branching on a Switch Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384Branching on Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Conditions that Will Cause a BRANCH Step to Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Examples of When to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

INVOKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Conditions that Will Cause an INVOKE Step to Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

LOOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Conditions that Will Cause a LOOP Step to Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Example of When to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

REPEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

When Does REPEAT Fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Examples of When to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

SEQUENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394Conditions that Will Cause the SEQUENCE Step to Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395


Table of Contents

B. Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397What Is a Regular Expression? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398Using a Regular Expression in a Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398Regular Expression Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

C. Supported Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Java Classes for Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407How webMethods Developer Supports Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Default Pipeline Rules for Linking to and from Array Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

D. Conditional Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Comparing Java Objects to Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417Checking for Variable Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Standard Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Lexical Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Addressing Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Addressing Variables that Contain Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426Typing Special Characters in Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Rules for Use of Expression Syntax with the Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

E. jcode tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431jcode Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432jcode Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Sample Code—IData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

F. Validation Content Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438Content Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438Constraining Facets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

G. Validation Errors and Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452Validation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452Validation Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465IS Schema Generation Errors and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475


About This Guide

This guide describes how to create services using webMethods Developer. It contains information for developers who want to build services using the webMethods flow language or a programming language such as Java, C/C++, or Visual Basic.

To use this guide effectively, you should know how to program in Java, C/C++, and/or Visual Basic if you will be creating services in those languages.

Document Conventions

Convention Description

Bold Identifies elements on a screen.

Italic Identifies variable information that you must supply or change based on your specific situation or environment. Identifies terms the first time they are defined in text. Also identifies service input and output variables.

Narrow font Identifies storage locations for services on the webMethods Integration Server using the convention folder.subfolder:service.

Typewriter font

Identifies characters and values that you must type exactly or messages that the system displays on the console.

UPPERCASE Identifies keyboard keys. Keys that you must press simultaneously are joined with the “+” symbol.

\ Directory paths use the “\” directory delimiter unless the subject is UNIX‐specific.

[ ] Optional keywords or values are enclosed in [ ]. Do not type the [ ] symbols in your own code.


About This Guide

Additional InformationThe webMethods Advantage Web site at http://advantage.webmethods.com provides you with important sources of information about webMethods products:

Troubleshooting Information. The webMethods Knowledge Base provides troubleshooting information for many webMethods products.

Documentation Feedback. To provide feedback on webMethods documentation, go to the Documentation Feedback Form on the webMethods Bookshelf.

Additional Documentation. Starting with 7.0, you have the option of downloading the documentation during product installation to a single directory called “_documentation,” located by default under the webMethods installation directory. In addition, you can find documentation for all webMethods products on the webMethods Bookshelf.


http://advantage.webmethods.com

http://advantage.webmethods.com/kb_top

http://advantage.webmethods.com/docfeedback

http://advantage.webmethods.com/Bookshelf

http://advantage.webmethods.com/Bookshelf

1 Getting Started with Developer

What Is Developer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Before You Use Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Starting Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

What Does the Developer Window Contain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Working in the Developer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Opening, Closing, and Restoring Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Changing Your Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38



What Is Developer?webMethods Developer is a graphical development tool that you use to build, edit, and test integration logic. It provides an integrated development environment in which you can develop the logic and supporting objects (referred to as elements) of an integration solution. It also provides tools for testing and debugging the solutions you create.

Developer lets you rapidly construct integration logic with an easy‐to‐use implementation language called the webMethods flow language. Flow language provides a set of simple but powerful constructs that you use to specify a sequence of actions (steps) that the Integration Server will execute at run time. Developer also has extensive data transformation and mapping capabilities that allow you to quickly drag‐and‐drop data fields from one step to the next.

Besides providing tools for constructing flow services, Developer provides additional editors and tools for creating various elements that support the execution of an integration solution. For example, you use Developer to create the document types and schemas used for data validation and to define Broker/local trigger that launch the execution of services when certain documents are published.

Developer enables you to lock an element you are working with. When you lock an element, the element is read‐only to all other users on the Integration Server. Another user cannot edit the element until you unlock it. Developer can also be configured to interact with a third‐part version control system (VCS) repository; in this case, elements are locked and unlocked as you check them out of and in to the VCS repository.

All references in this guide to locking refer to local locking on the Integration Server. For specific information about local file locking, see Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”. For information on how to implement file locking with the Version Control System Integration feature for Developer, see the webMethods Version Control System Integration Developer’s Guide in the webMethods_directory\_documentation directory.

Before You Use DeveloperDeveloper builds and edits services directly on a server. To use Developer you must:

Have access to a webMethods Integration Server on which you can build and test services.

Have a user account on that webMethods Integration Server.

Belong to a group that is a member of the “Developers” ACL (access control list) on that webMethods Integration Server.

If you do not have access to a webMethods Integration Server or you do not have an appropriate user account or access rights, see your server administrator.



Starting DeveloperUse the following procedure to start Developer on your workstation. Before you start Developer make sure that the Integration Server with which you want to use Developer is running. You cannot work with Developer if the server is not running.

1 On the Start menu, click Programs, and then click webMethods.

2 Click webMethods Developer.

3 In the Open Session dialog box, complete the following:

Important! You can only connect webMethods Developer version 7.1 to a webMethods Integration Server version 7.1.

To start Developer

In this field... Specify...

Server type The registered type for the server on which you want to open a session. The default type is Integration Server.

Server The name and port assignment of the webMethods Integration Server in ServerName:PortNum format.

Example rubicon:5555

Note: Servers to which you have successfully logged on in the past are listed in the Server list. You can select a server from this list or type its name and port number.

Username The name of a valid user account on this server. (The user name must be a member of a group belonging to the Developers ACL.)

Use the exact combination of upper‐ and lower‐case characters with which it was originally defined. IS user names are case sensitive.

Specify the name andport assignment of a

server...

...and enter a useraccount that has

developer privileges.



4 Click OK.

Note: The server is installed with a default user account called “Developer” that has developer privileges.

Password The password for the user account in Username. Use the exact combination of upper‐ and lower‐case characters with which it was originally defined. IS passwords are case sensitive.

Note: The default password for the Developer user account is isdev.

Uses secure connection

Whether the session will be opened through HTTP or HTTPS. If you want to open an HTTPS session on the selected server using the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), select this check box. If you want to open an HTTP session on the server, clear this check box.

Uses proxy Whether the session will be opened through the default proxy server. If you want to open a session on the selected server using your proxy server, select this check box.

Tip! When you run Developer from the command line, Developer writes messages to the console. The amount and type of information that is written is determined by the debug level under which Developer is operating. The default debug level is 4. If you want more detail written to the console, set the debug level to 10. You can change the debug level by editing the ini.cnf file located in Developer_directory\config.

Note: When you start Developer, it verifies that the other webMethods components support the same locale as Developer. If the locale of an add‐in component is not supported by the Developer locale, Developer displays a message in the console warning you of the locale mismatch. For example, if you start Developer in an English locale with a localized Japanese add‐in component, Developer displays the following message in the console:

Warning: The following plug-ins are running localized versions even though Developer is not: ComponentName; VersionNumber.

Developer will display some text in English and the component’s text in Japanese.




What Does the Developer Window Contain?The Developer window is divided into the following areas:

Navigation panel. You use the Navigation panel to select, lock, copy, move, delete, or rename elements. If the VCS Integration feature is enabled, you can check elements in to and out of a VCS repository. For more information about this panel, see “The Navigation Panel” on page 22.

UDDI Registry tab. You use the UDDI Registry tab to connect to and disconnect from a UDDI Registry, and to display, filter, and publish Web services. For more information about this panel, see “The UDDI Registry Tab” on page 25.

Recent Elements tab. You use the Recent Elements tab to quickly access elements you have recently viewed. For more information about this panel, see “The Recent Elements Tab” on page 27.

Editor. You use the editor to examine and edit an element you opened from the Navigation panel or Recent Elements tab. For more information about the editor, see “The Editor” on page 27.

Properties panel. You use the Properties panel to view and edit the properties for an item. For more information about this panel, see “The Properties Panel” on page 29.

Results panel. You use the Results panel to view the result of a service’s execution, to view the variables that a service adds to the pipeline, and to view the contents of those variables. For more information about this panel, see “The Results Panel” on page 31.

Developer main window The Navigation Panel

displays the contentsof servers, packages,

and folders.

The Editor displaysthe controls you use to

examine and edit anelement you have

opened from theNavigation panel or

Recent Elements tab.

The UDDI Registry tabdisplays Web services,if you are connected to

a UDDI Registry. TheRecent Elements Tabdisplays the elements

you viewed mostrecently.

The Properties Panel displays the properties for an item.

The Results Panel displays the results of a service’s execution.



The Navigation PanelThe Navigation panel displays the contents of packages on the webMethods Integration Servers on which you have an open session. You use the Navigation panel to perform tasks such as creating, opening, locking, copying, moving, renaming, and deleting elements. If the VCS Integration feature is enabled, you can check elements in to and out of a VCS repository.

Elements in the Navigation panel are shown in a hierarchical structure where the server is the topmost element in the hierarchy. Packages on the server contain one or more folders, which contain other elements that you can create and edit using Developer (for example, services, specifications, and IS document types).

For more information about the tasks you can perform on elements in the Navigation panel, see Chapter 2, “Managing Elements in the Navigation Panel” and Chapter 3, “Working with Packages”.

For information on how to implement file locking with the Version Control System Integration feature for Developer, see the webMethods Version Control System Integration Developer’s Guide in the webMethods_directory\_documentation directory.

Navigation Panel IconsEach item in the Navigation panel contains an icon that denotes the item’s type. The following table describes what each icon represents.

This icon... Represents...

A server. You can have multiple server contexts displayed in Developer. The active server context is the one that is highlighted in the Navigation panel. To display the contents of the server, click the symbol next to its name.

A package. A package contains a set of services and related files, such as specifications, IS document types, and output templates. To display the contents of a package, click next to its name.

A folder. A folder contains related services and optional folders (called subfolders). To display the contents of a folder, click next to its name.

A flow service. A flow service is a service written in the webMethods flow language.

A Web service descriptor (WSD). A Web service descriptor is an IS namespace element that contains the definition of an IS Web service. A WSD describes either a “provider” or a “consumer” Web service. For more information about using Web services and the UDDI Registry, see the Web Services Developer’s Guide.



A provider Web service descriptor (WSD). A Web service descriptor that contains the definition of a provider IS Web service. A provider Web service allows an external user to invoke an existing IS service as an “operation” of the Web service.

A consumer Web service descriptor (WSD). A Web service descriptor that contains the definition of a consumer Web service. Consumer Web services are external Web services that can be invoked from within the local Integration Server.

A Web service connector. A Web service connector is a flow service that invokes a Web service located on a remote server. Developer automatically generates a Web service connector when it creates a Web service descriptor for a consumer Web service. Developer can also create a Web service connector from an existing WSDL.

A Java service. A Java service is a service written in Java.

A C service. A C service is a service written in C/C++.

A specification. A specification is a formal description of a service’s inputs and outputs.

A Broker/local trigger. A Broker/local trigger is trigger that subscribes to and processes documents published/delivered locally or to the Broker.

For more information about creating Broker/local triggers, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

A JMS trigger. A JMS trigger is a trigger that receives messages from a destination (queue or topic) on a JMS provider and then processes those messages.

For more information about creating JMS triggers, see the webMethods Integration Server JMS Client Developer’s Guide.

An IS document type. An IS document type contains a set of fields used to define the structure and type of data in a document.

A publishable document type. A publishable document type is an IS document type with specific publishing properties. Instances of publishable document types can be published and subscribed to. Publishable document types can be used anywhere an IS document type is needed.

A publishable document type for an adapter notification. An adapter notification can have an associated publishable document type that the adapter uses to send the notification data to an Integration Server or a Broker.




An IS schema. An IS schema is the blueprint or model document against which you validate an XML document. The schema defines what can and cannot be contained in the XML documents it validates.

An adapter notification. An adapter notification enables an adapter to receive event data from the adapter’s resource. There are two types of adapter notifications:

Polling notifications, which poll the resource for events that occur on the resource.

Listener notifications, which work with listeners to detect and process events that occur on the adapter resource.

For information about creating an adapter notification, refer to the documentation provided with the adapter.

An adapter service. An adapter service connects to an adapter’s resource and initiates an operation on the resource. Adapter services are created using service templates included with the adapter. For information about creating adapter services, refer to the documentation provided with the adapter.

A listener. A listener is an object that connects to an adapter resource and waits for the resource to deliver data when an event occurs on the resource. Listeners work with listener notifications to detect and process event data on the adapter resource. For information about creating a listener, refer to the documentation provided with the adapter.

A connection. A connection is an object that contains parameters that adapter notifications and listeners use to connect to a resource. For information about creating a connection, refer to the documentation provided with the adapter.

A flat file dictionary. A flat file dictionary contains record definitions, field definitions, and composite definitions that can be used in multiple flat file schemas. For more information about creating a flat file dictionary, see the Flat File Schema Developer’s Guide.

A flat file schema. A flat file schema is the blueprint that contains the instructions for parsing or creating the records in a flat file, as well as the constraints to which an inbound flat file document should conform to be considered valid. Using flat file schemas, you can translate documents into and from flat file formats. For more information about creating a flat file schema, see the Flat File Schema Developer’s Guide.

An XSLT service. An XSLT service converts XML data into other XML formats or into HTML, using rules defined in an associated XSLT stylesheet. For more information about creating XSLT services, see the XSLT Services Developer’s Guide.




Refreshing the Contents of the Navigation PanelThe Navigation panel on your screen is not dynamically updated when other users lock, unlock, add, delete, or rename elements on a server. To refresh the Navigation panel to reflect any changes made to the contents of the servers you are working with, use the Session Refresh command.

The UDDI Registry TabUse the UDDI Registry tab to connect to and disconnect from a UDDI Registry. Once you have opened a UDDI Registry, you can display, filter, and publish Web services in that registry. Within the UDDI Registry tab, Web services are sorted in alphabetical order. Simply select a Web service to view more information about the service. For more information about using Web services and the UDDI Registry, see the Web Services Developer’s Guide.

A .NET service. A .NET service is a service that calls methods imported from .NET assemblies (using the webMethods for Microsoft Plug‐in). Once a .NET service exists within Developer, it can become part of a flow just like any other service. For more information about using the Microsoft .NET application platform with webMethods components, see the webMethods for Microsoft Package Installation and User’s Guide.

An Unknown Node. The webMethods component used to create/develop the element is not installed on the client machine.

An Unknown Service. The webMethods component used to create this service is not installed on the client machine.

Note: Other installed webMethods components might add elements to the Navigation panel that are not described in the preceding table. For information about these elements, refer to the documentation provided with these installed components.

Note: Refreshing the session is different from restoring a session. Restoring a session allows you to save changes to an element you were working with when the Integration Server shuts down unexpectedly. For more information about restoring sessions, see “Restoring a Session on a Server” on page 36.

Note: When you select a Web service in the UDDI Registry tab, the editor (the middle area of the Developer window between the Navigation panel and the Properties panel) is blank. This is because Developer cannot modify a Web service published to a UDDI Registry.




UDDI Registry Tab IconsThe following buttons on the UDDI Registry tab toolbar are shortcuts to frequently‐used commands.

The UDDI Registry tab also contains icons to represent the UDDI Registry, the registered business entities, and the Web services that have been published to the UDDI Registry. The following table identifies these icons.

Use this button... To...

Connect to a UDDI Registry while working in Developer.

Disconnect from a UDDI Registry while working in Developer.

Refresh the display of Web services. Equivalent to Session Refresh UDDI Registry Display. Create an expression that filters the contents of the UDDI Registry tab based on the value of a Web service property.

Remove the filter from the contents of the UDDI Registry tab and display all the published Web services.

Create a Web service descriptor (WSD) from the Web service selected in the UDDI Registry tab.


A UDDI Registry Node. Developer displays the URL of the UDDI Registry to which you are connected next to the registry icon. Below the UDDI Registry name, Developer displays all of the business entities registered in that UDDI Registry.

A Business Entity. A business entity is a publisher of Web services to the UDDI Registry. Below the business entity name, Developer displays the Web services published by that entity.

A Web service. A Web service is a software application that can be accessed remotely, using XML‐ based languages to communicate. From a Web service or a WSDL, you can create a consumer Web service descriptor and connector. Developer can invoke the connector to run the remote Web service. From an existing IS service or WSDL, you can create a provider Web service descriptor. You can then publish the Web service descriptor to a UDDI Registry so that the IS service it describes can be invoked by an external user as an “operation” of the Web service. For more information about using Web services and the UDDI Registry, see the Web Services Developer’s Guide.



The Recent Elements Tab The Recent Elements tab lists the last 30 elements you viewed in the editor. Developer adds an element to this panel when you close the element. You can use this panel to quickly open elements that you have recently viewed and closed.

You can clear the list of elements currently displayed in the Recent Elements tab by clicking Clear.

Developer handles changes to the Recent Elements list as follows:

When you close an open element in the editor, Developer adds the element to the top of the Recent Elements list.

Developer remembers the contents of the Recent Elements tab between sessions. If you attempt to open an element that was deleted after you clos*ed your previous Developer session, Developer alerts you that the element cannot be found and then removes the element from the list.

If you attempt to open an element listed in the Recent Elements tab that another user has deleted, moved, or renamed during your Developer session, Developer displays a message alerting you that the element cannot be found.

If you move or rename an element during your current session, Developer automatically refreshes the Recent Elements tab to reflect the change. If you delete an element, Developer removes the element from the Recent Elements list.

For more information about selecting elements in the Recent Elements tab to view or edit in the editor, see “Opening and Closing Elements in the Editor” on page 45.

The EditorThe editor contains the controls that you use to examine and edit an element you open from the Navigation panel or Recent Elements tab. The contents of the editor vary depending on the type of element you select.

For some element types, the editor is divided into multiple areas, including tabs containing additional editing controls for the element. You switch among areas within the editor just as you would between the Navigation panel or Recent Elements tab and the editor. To select a different area, click any white space in that area. To display the contents of a tab, click the tab name.

Tip! To view a tool tip containing the fully qualified name of the element, the package in which the element resides, and the host name and port number of the server, rest the mouse pointer on the element name.



Editing controls for an element

As mentioned earlier, you can use the Navigation panel and Recent Elements tab to select one or more elements to view or edit in the editor. It is helpful to display multiple elements in the editor when you are editing an element and you would like to refer back to another element for information. For example, if you are creating or editing a Broker/local trigger, you may want to quickly view the document types and services associated with that trigger.

Each element you open has its own tab in the editor. The element’s title bar contains the fully qualified name of the element and icons to indicate the element’s type and lock status. For more information about these icons, see “Navigation Panel Icons” on page 22 and “What Is a Lock?” on page 88.

Tip! You can press CTRL+ALT+RIGHT ARROW to toggle forward between open elements in the editor and CTRL+ALT+LEFT ARROW to toggle backward.

If you openan element

from theNavigation

panel...

...editingcontrols for that

element aredisplayed in the

editor.

In this example, a specification is opened in the editor.

The editor lists the input and output fields that were created for this specification. These lists are also referred to as “trees.”



Editor with multiple elements opened

The Properties Panel The Properties panel displays the properties for the currently selected item in the Developer window. You use this panel to view and edit the properties of an item (such as an element, a step in a flow service, a field in a document, or a link between two variables).

The properties that Developer displays in this panel vary depending on the item you select and which area of the Developer window has the focus. Developer identifies the item for which properties are displayed beneath the title bar of the Properties panel.

Tip! You can locate the active element in the Navigation panel by using the Edit Locate in Navigation command.

Tip! If the Properties panel displays the properties for an item (for example, a document field) and you want to display the properties for its parent element (for example, the document type to which the field belongs), click the title bar of the parent element in the editor, the tab of the parent element in the editor, or the white space within the editor.

Each opened elementin the editor has its

own tab.Click to view tabs that are not currently visible.

Click to close the active element (that is, the element that is currently displayed).

The element’s title bardisplays the element’s

fully qualified name.

Some elements havespecialized tabs.



Properties panel

Depending on the type of property you select, you edit a property by:

Typing a value in the box to the right of the property name (for example, to specify the namespace and local names that make up the universal name for a service)

Selecting a value from a list (for example, to specify a validation processing rule)

Clicking a button next to the property name and supplying values on a dialog box (for example, to specify an index when linking to or from an array variable)

Clicking the browse button to locate an element (for example, a service)

The tips area beneath the list of properties includes a description of the selected property and its values. To obtain this information for a particular property, click the property name.

Tip! You can also paste text into the box that you previously copied to the clipboard.

Note: Developer accepts the text you type in a property box when you move the focus outside of the box or press ENTER. You can cancel your edits before you perform either of these actions by pressing ESC.

Note: If you do not own the lock for an element, the element’s properties are read only.

Description of the selected property.

Name of the item for which properties are displayed. Properties are grouped into categories.

Click to expand thelist of properties

beneath a category.

Click to collapse thelist of properties

beneath a category.

Drag to resize the Property and Value columns.



The Results Panel The Results panel shows the result of a service’s execution, the variables that a service adds to the pipeline, and the contents of those variables. You can use this panel to quickly examine the data produced by the service while you are testing and debugging the service. You can also save the data to a file and use it as input for a later test.

Results panel

For more information about service execution results, see Chapter 11, “Testing and Debugging Services”.

Working in the Developer Window

Moving Between PanelsBefore you can perform an action on an item that is displayed in the Developer window, you must first select the panel in which that item appears (that is, give that panel the “focus”). You can only select one panel in the Developer window at a time. Developer indicates which area has the focus by highlighting the area’s title bar in blue.

To switch from one panel of the Developer window to another, click any white space or field within the panel to which you want to switch. This action changes the focus to the new panel and makes its menu commands and toolbar buttons available for use.

Click a variable name...

...to view its contents in the pipeline at this stage of the service’s execution.



Performing Actions Before you can perform an action on an element, you must select the element in one of the following ways:

Single‐click the title bar of an element in the editor.

Right‐click an element.

Single‐click one or more elements in the Navigation panel.

The actions that are available for an element depend on which area of the Developer window has the focus. For example, to run a service, the service must be open in the editor and have the focus.

There are a number of ways to perform an action on an element after you select it:

Menu commands. You can select a command from the menu bar to perform an action on an element. For example, to save changes to an opened element using the menu bar, select the element in the editor and then click File Save.

You can also access menu commands on a shortcut menu by right‐clicking the element. For example, to open an element using a shortcut menu, right‐click the element in the Navigation panel and then click Open. To close an editor using a shortcut menu, right‐click the editor title bar and then click Close Active Editor.

Toolbar buttons. You can click a toolbar button to perform an action on an element. For example, to save changes to an opened element using a toolbar button, select the element in the editor and then click .

The toolbar buttons that are available for you to use depend on the item in the Developer window that currently has the focus. For example, when you are editing a flow service, the flow service toolbar buttons in the editor are not available unless the editor has the focus.

Keys. You can use the keyboard to access a menu by pressing the ALT key plus the underlined letter in the menu name. You can then select a command on that menu by pressing the underlined letter in the command’s title. For example, to save changes to an element using the keyboard, select the element, press ALT and F to access the File menu, and then press S to save the element.

Some commands also have shortcuts assigned to them. These shortcuts are displayed to the right of their associated commands on the menu bar. For example, to save changes to an element using a keyboard shortcut, select that element and then press CTRL and S.

Tip! To select a group of adjacent elements simultaneously, press the SHIFT key as you click. To select a group of non‐adjacent elements, press the CTRL key.

Note: Single‐clicking an element in the Navigation panel selects (highlights) the element but does not open the element for viewing or editing in the editor. To open an element in the editor, double‐click it.



Drag-and-drop action. You can select an element and move it to another package or element, either on the same server or on a different server, by dragging it. For example, to move an IS document type from one folder to another, you would drag that document type to the new folder.

Most of the procedures in this guide instruct you to perform actions using menu commands.

Resizing Areas in the Developer Window You can resize areas in the Developer window by:

Hiding or showing panels

Dragging the movable border between panels

Switching perspectives

Hiding and Showing PanelsYou can hide and show panels on the Developer window as follows:

Dragging Movable Borders You can resize areas in the Developer window by dragging the movable borders between panels with your mouse.

Note: Some elements, such as adapter notifications, cannot be moved using the drag‐and‐drop action.

To... Do this...

Hide the Navigation panel, UDDI Registry tab, and Recent Elements tab Click along the left edge of the Developer window.

Show the Navigation panel, UDDI Registry tab, and Recent Elements tab Click along the left edge of the Developer window.

Hide the Properties and Results panels

Click along the right edge of the Developer window.

Show the Properties and Results panels

Click along the right edge of the Developer window.

Expand or collapse editor details

Click on the border between the top of the editor and the specialized tabs beneath it.



Switching Perspectives You can quickly change the Developer window to tailor it to the task you are performing (for example, show only the editor and Results panel when you are testing a service) by displaying a particular perspective. Perspectives allocate more space on the Developer window for a particular task by hiding or minimizing the areas that are not essential to that task.

Developer offers three perspectives:

Edit perspective. The edit perspective displays all of the Developer window areas but minimizes the Results panel. This perspective is useful when you are opening and editing elements and their properties.

Test perspective. The test perspective hides the Navigation panel, UDDI Registry tab, and Recent Elements tab and maximizes the editor and the Results panel. This perspective is useful when you are testing and debugging a service and you want to view the results of the service’s execution, its inputs and outputs, and its pipeline variables.

Details perspective. The details perspective hides the Navigation panel, UDDI Registry tab, and Recent Elements tab and minimizes the Results panel. This perspective is useful when you want to see as much of an element’s detail as possible (for example, a service’s pipeline).

You display a perspective as follows:

You can manually adjust areas within a perspective using the other techniques described in this section. Developer saves your settings across sessions.

If you have adjusted the perspectives manually and you want to revert them to their default settings, use the Window Reset Perspectives command.

To display the... Use this command... Or click this toolbar button...

Edit perspective Window Edit Perspective

Test perspective Window Test Perspective

Details perspective Window Details Perspective



Resizing areas in the Developer window

Opening, Closing, and Restoring SessionsWhen you start Developer you are prompted to log on to the server that you want to access. You maintain a session on that server until you exit Developer or close the session.

You can have open sessions on multiple servers at a time. In the Navigation panel, the server that contains the selected element is the server on which your commands will be executed. For example, if you have the localhost:5555 server selected in the Navigation panel and you select the New command, the new element will be created on that server.

You can open a session on another server without closing your current session by using the Session Open command.

1 On the Session menu, click Open.

2 Complete the Open Session dialog box. For more information about completing this dialog box, see “To start Developer” on page 19.

3 Click OK.

To open a session on a different server

Important! While you have an open session on a server through Developer, you are using a licensed seat for that server. At times when you are not actively using Developer, you may want to close your session to free a seat on the server for others to use.

Click to hide orshow the

Navigationpanel, UDDIRegistry taband Recent

Elements tab.Click to hide or show the Properties and Results panels.

Click to expandor collapse

editor details. Drag movable borders to resize panels.

Click to display Edit, Test, and Detail perspectives.



1 Save any work that you want to keep.

2 On the Session menu, click Close.

Restoring a Session on a ServerSometimes a server might shut down before you can save your work. Developer preserves any unsaved work as well as lock information, despite the loss of the connection to the server. When the server restarts, you can restore your session and save your changes to the server.

On the Session menu, click Restore.

Notification of Server ShutdownIf the server administrator shuts down the server on which you have an open session, Developer does one of the following:

If the server administrator specified a time delay before shutdown, Developer displays a message notifying you when the shutdown process began and how many minutes remain before the server shuts down. After you receive notification of server shutdown, save any work that you want to keep and then close your session. If you do not close your session, Developer notifies you when the server has shut down.

If the server administrator performed an immediate shutdown, Developer displays a message stating that your connection to the server has been lost. (Developer also displays this message if the network connection to the server is lost.)

To close a session on the current server

Important! If a server shuts down and you close your session (that is, disconnect from the server), close unsaved elements on that server in the editor, or exit Developer before the server restarts, Developer warns you that if you continue you will lose all unsaved work. If you do not want to lose your work, click Cancel and wait for the connection to that server to be restored.

To restore a session on the server

Note: Restoring a session is different from refreshing the session. Refreshing the session updates your screen to reflect the actions of other users on elements that are displayed within the Navigation panel and the editors. A refresh action does not restore the working state of an element if a server shuts down. For more information about refreshing the Navigation panel, see “Refreshing the Contents of the Navigation Panel” on page 25.



If you did not save your work before shut down occurred, you might be able to restore your session when the server restarts and then save your work. For more information about restoring sessions, see “Restoring a Session on a Server” on page 36.

Changing Your PasswordYou can change the password for your user account. If you forget your password, contact the server administrator.

Password RequirementsFor security purposes, webMethods Integration Server places length and character restrictions on passwords. webMethods Integration Server contains a default set of password requirements; however, your server administrator can change these. For more information about these password requirements, contact your server administrator.

The default password requirements provided by webMethods are as follows:

To ensure the security of your password, follow the additional guidelines below:

Do not choose obvious passwords, such as your name, address, phone number, license plate, spouse’s name, child’s name, or a birthday.

Do not use any word that can be found in the dictionary.

Do not write your password down.

Do not share your password with anyone.

Change your password frequently.

Important! If you are outside of the corporate firewall, do not change your password unless you use SSL to open the session on the webMethods Integration Server. If you do not use SSL, your password can be exposed in unencrypted form.

Note: You cannot use Developer to change passwords that are stored in an LDAP server.

Requirement Default

Minimum length 8Minimum number of alphabetic characters 3Minimum number of uppercase characters 2Minimum number of lowercase characters 2Minimum number of numeric characters 1Minimum number of special characters (non‐alphabetic and non‐numeric characters, such as *. ?, &)

1



1 On the Session menu, click Change Password.

2 In the Change Password dialog box, in the Old Password field, type your current password.

3 In the New Password field, type your new password.

4 In the Confirm New Password field, retype your new password. Click OK.

Using Online Help You can access online help at any point in webMethods Developer. To open the help system and search for a topic of interest, click Contents from the Help menu. Developer also provides the following types of context‐sensitive help:

Window areas. For help about the dialog box or Developer window area that currently has the focus, do one of the following:

Click the Help button (available in most dialog boxes).

Press F1.

From the Help menu, click On Topic.

On the Developer window toolbar, click .

Properties. For help about a property, click the property in the Properties panel. Developer displays a description of the property at the bottom of the Properties panel.

Built-in services. For a description of a built‐in service within the WmART, WmDB, WmPKI, WmPRT, or WmPublic packages, do one of the following:

If you are browsing the services within a package in the Navigation panel, select a service and press F1.

If you have added a built‐in service to a flow service using an INVOKE step, select the built‐in service in the editor and press F1.

If you are browsing for a built‐in service to add to a flow service, select the built‐in service in the Select dialog box and press F1.

You can also view or print descriptions of all built‐in services from one location by clicking Help Built-In Service Reference.

To change your password

Important! The server administrator can disable the feature for changing your password from Developer. If the feature is disabled and you try to change your password, you will receive a message stating that the administrator has disabled the feature.


2 Managing Elements in the Navigation Panel

What Is an Element? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Creating New Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Specifying Dependency Checking Safeguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Notes About Performing Actions on Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Opening and Closing Elements in the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Moving and Copying Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Renaming Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Saving Changes to Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Deleting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Finding Elements and Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Finding Dependents and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Inspecting Pipeline References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Caching Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66



What Is an Element?An element is an item that exists in the Navigation panel in webMethods Developer. Elements include folders, services, specifications, IS document types, triggers, and IS schemas. In the Navigation panel, servers and packages are not considered to be elements.

Elements in the Navigation panel

The following table identifies where to go for more information about creating new elements and performing actions on those elements.

For information about... See...

Creating, opening, moving and copying, renaming, deleting, finding, and caching elements

The sections in this chapter

Locking elements Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”

Checking elements in to and out of a third‐party version control repository

webMethods Version Control System Integration Developer’s Guide in the directory: webMethods_directory\_documentation

Performing actions on packages Chapter 3, “Working with Packages”

Folders, services,triggers,

specifications,IS document types,

and IS schemas areelements.



Creating New ElementsWhen creating elements, keep the following points in mind:

You cannot create a new Java or C service unless all services of those types are unlocked, or locked by you, in the folder in which you want to create the new service. For details, see “Locking Java and C/C++ Services” on page 91.

The names of non‐folder elements must be unique across all packages. If you try to create an element using a name that already exists at that level in any package, Developer creates the element and names it Untitled.

Developer places some restrictions on the characters you can use in element and package names. For more information about these restrictions, see “Guidelines for Naming Elements” on page 42.

1 On the File menu, click New.

2 On the New dialog box, click the type of element you want to create and then click Next.

3 Follow the prompts given by Developer for the type of element you are creating.

When you have supplied all of the information that Developer needs to create the element, the Finish button becomes active.

4 Click Finish.

About Element Names The fully qualified name of an Integration Server element is composed of two parts: a folder identifier, consisting of the folder path in which the element resides, and the element name. The Integration Server represents elements in the following format:

folder.subfolder1.subfolder2:element

For example, if the HomeLoan service is in the Personal folder, which is contained in the Finance folder, the fully qualified service name is:

Finance.Personal:HomeLoan

To create a new element

Tip! You can quickly create an element by clicking next to the New button on the toolbar and then clicking the element you want to create. Developer adds the element beneath the currently selected element, with a default name of Untitled.

If you select multiple elements and then click this button, Developer offers only the All Choices option, which opens the New dialog box described in the procedure above.



Package Names and Element NamesThe name of the package to which an element belongs has no bearing on the names of the elements that package contains (that is, the package name is not part of the fully qualified name of the element). Nor does it affect how the element is referenced by a client application. For example, if you move a service called Personnel:GetDeptNames from a package called Admin to a package called EmployeeData, client applications would still reference the service as Personnel:GetDeptNames.

Guidelines for Naming Elements webMethods Developer places some restrictions on the characters you can use in element and package names. Specifically, element and package names cannot contain:

Reserved words and characters that are used in Java or C/C++ (such as for, while, and if )

Digits as their first character

Spaces

Control characters and special characters like periods (.), including:

Characters outside of the basic ASCII character set, such as multi‐byte characters

If you specify a name that disregards these restrictions, Developer displays an error message. When this happens, use a different name or try adding a letter or number to the name to make it valid.

Note: Developer ensures that the fully qualified name of each element within the server is unique. Depending on the action you are performing on the element, Developer accomplishes this either by alerting you that the action cannot be completed or by appending a number to the name of the element after the action is performed. For example, if you are copying a flow service named checkOrder2 to a destination that already contains a flow service with that name, Developer copies the service and names the copy checkOrder2_1.

? ' - # = ) ( . / \ ;& @ ^ ! | } { ` > <% * : $ ] [ " + , ~



Editing ElementsTo edit an element, you must first lock it. You must also have Write access to the element. For more information about locking and unlocking elements, see Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”. For more information about access permissions, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

If you have enabled the VCS Integration feature, you must first check out the element before you can edit it. For more information, see the webMethods Version Control System Integration Developer’s Guide in the webMethods_directory\_documentation directory.

Specifying Dependency Checking SafeguardsDeveloper automatically checks for dependents when you delete, rename, or move elements in the Navigation panel. This dependency checking acts as a safeguard to prevent you from inadvertently affecting other elements on the webMethods Integration Server. This is especially important during collaborative development on the same webMethods Integration Server.

You can have Developer prompt you before deleting, moving, or renaming an element with dependents. You can also have Developer update local references when pasting elements.

1 On the Tools menu, click Options.

2 Click General. Under Navigation Panel, do the following:

Tip! You can produce printable versions of many of the elements in the Navigation panel by clicking File View as HTML.

Note: The dependency checking options are enabled by default.

To specify dependency checking safeguards

Select... To...

Confirm before deleting

Instruct Developer to notify you before deleting an element used by other elements, such as flow services, IS document types, specifications, or triggers.

If Developer finds elements that depend on the element being deleted, Developer lists those dependents and prompts you to delete the element anyway or cancel the action. If you clear this check box, Developer deletes the element without prompting you.



3 Click OK.

For more information about finding dependents, see “Finding Dependents and References” on page 60.

Notes About Performing Actions on Elements When performing actions on one or more elements, keep the following points in mind:

You must have at least List access to view elements, Read access to select elements to move or copy, Write access to the location to which you want to move/copy elements, and Write access to elements you want to rename or delete. If you select multiple elements and you do not have the required access to one or more of them, you will not be able to perform the action. You must either ask your system administrator to give you the required access to the elements or select only elements for which you have the proper access.

Developer prompts you to save changes to an element before allowing you to perform an action on the element, close the element in the editor, close your session on the current server, or exit Developer.

The actions you can perform on items depend on the type and combination of items you select. If an action is not allowed for one or more elements in a selection, Developer makes the action unavailable for use. For example, Developer disables the cut, copy, paste, and delete actions if you select a server. Developer also prevents you

Prompt before updating dependents when renaming/moving

Instruct Developer to alert you when dependents (that is, other elements that use the selected element, such as flow services, IS document types, or triggers) exist.

If dependents exist, Developer lists those dependents before renaming or moving the selected element and prompts you to:

Rename/move the selected element and update references in dependent elements.

Rename/move the selected element without updating references to it.

Cancel the action.

If you clear this check box, Developer automatically updates dependents without prompting you.

Update local references when pasting multiple elements

Instruct Developer to update references when copying and pasting a group of elements that refer to each other.

If you clear this check box, Developer retains the original references in the copied elements.

Select... To...



from selecting multiple elements when doing so could cause confusion or undefined results. For example, you cannot select a server and any other element, a package and any other element, or a folder and one or more elements contained within that folder.

If you select multiple elements and Developer encounters an error while performing the specified action on one or more of the elements, Developer displays a dialog box listing the elements for which the action failed. You can obtain more information about why the action failed by clicking Details.

The elements you want to move, copy, rename, save, or delete must be unlocked, or locked by you. For more information about locking and unlocking elements, see Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”.

You cannot undo a move, copy, rename, or delete action using the Edit Undo command.

If you select a publishable document type that is associated with an adapter notification, Developer handles actions performed on the document type as follows:

For non‐copy actions, you must also select the adapter notification before you can perform a non‐copy action on the document type.

For copy actions, you can select the publishable document type without selecting its associated adapter notification. However, the copied publishable document type loses its association with the adapter notification.

Opening and Closing Elements in the Editor You can open elements from either the Navigation panel or the Recent Elements tab.

When opening elements from the Navigation panel, keep the following points in mind:

Single‐clicking an element selects the element but does not display its details in the editor. Double‐clicking an element opens it in the editor.

Double‐clicking a folder expands or collapses the contents of the folder in the Navigation panel. To view a folder’s properties in the Properties panel, perform the steps in the procedure that follows.

If the Developer’s Version Control System (VCS) Integration feature is enabled, Developer might exhibit slowdowns, error messages (such as “Server version has changed” and “Session already in use”), and may stop responding completely when you expand a large element (such as a folder) in the Navigation panel. This condition occurs when Developer queries the Integration Server to check the lock state of each element within an element. To improve performance during lock checking, see “Optimizing Lock Checking” on page 73.



1 Select one or more elements to open.

2 On the File menu, click Open.

If you are opening an element from the Recent Elements tab and the element resides on a server to which you are no longer connected, Developer prompts you to log on to that server before displaying the element.

Do one of the following:

To open elements in the editor

Tip! Press the SHIFT key as you click to select a group of adjacent elements. Press the CTRL key to select a group of non‐adjacent elements.

To close elements in the editor

To... Do this...

Close the active element in the editor (that is, the element whose tab is highlighted)

On the Window menu, click Close Active Editor.

Close all elements except the active one On the Window menu, click Close All But Active Editor.

Close all elements in the editor On the Window menu, click Close All Editors.

Note: You do not need to close elements when you exit Developer. Developer remembers which elements were open and displays them when you restart Developer. If you close an element without saving changes made to the element, Developer will prompt you to save changes.



Moving and Copying Elements You can move or copy elements between packages and, in most cases, across servers.

When moving or copying elements, keep the following points in mind:

GeneralYou must have Read access to the elements you are moving or copying and Write access to the packages, folders, or servers to where you want to move/copy them. For more information about Write access and ACLs assigned to elements, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

When you move or copy an element, Developer automatically changes the element’s fully qualified name to reflect its new location.

You cannot move an element to a location that already contains an element with the same name. If you copy the element, however, Developer copies the element and appends a number to the end of the name of the copied element.

You cannot move multiple elements with the same name to a single location.

After you move or copy an element, the element becomes locked by you.

When you copy multiple elements to another location on the same server and the elements contain references to each other, Developer updates the references if you have selected Update local reference(s) when pasting multiple elements on the Options dialog box. For example, if you copy a folder that contains two services and one of the services invokes the other, Developer will update the reference to the invoked service.

Moving and Copying ServicesWhen you move or copy a service, Developer does not move/copy any output templates that are associated with that service.

If you move a service, or a folder containing a service, Developer retains the service’s explicit universal name. If you copy a service or a folder containing a service, Developer does not retain the service’s explicit universal name. You must restore the universal name by editing the service’s properties. For more information, see “Assigning Universal Names to Services” on page 137.

When you move or copy a Java service, Developer automatically recompiles the service and any Java services that remain in the source folder. When you delete a Java service, Developer recompiles any Java services that remain in the source folder.



You cannot move or copy a Java service to a folder that contains other Java services that are system locked or locked by another user. If you attempt to do so, Developer cancels the entire move/copy action.

When you move or copy a Java service, Developer will also move or copy the service’s Shared fields to the destination folder, unless the destination folder already contains Shared fields with different values. In this case, you must first manually copy the Shared fields into the destination folder and then move or copy the Java service.

Copying Elements Between ServersYou cannot copy or move a Web service descriptor element between servers.

When you cut and paste or drag elements between servers, Developer retains a copy of the elements on the source server. That is, a move (cut and paste or drag) action is the same as a copy action.

Developer does not automatically copy an element’s references to the destination server. Instead, it displays a dialog box after the copy alerting you to any unresolved references. You must copy the references to the destination server manually.

Developer does not automatically update references when copying across servers. Therefore, if you are copying multiple elements from one server to another using Developer and the elements reference each other, you should paste the elements into a location with the same name on the destination server.

If you are copying an add‐in element that has a component that resides on the server, and the destination server does not have that add‐in component installed, Developer displays an error message stating that you are attempting to copy an unknown element. Developer does not copy the add‐in elements but does copy other elements in the selection.

Elements you copy to a folder on a different server adopt the ACL access permissions of the destination folder, even if they had explicitly assigned ACLs on the source server. Folders you copy to a package on a different server inherit the default ACLs for top‐level folders.

When you copy a Broker/local trigger to another server, the trigger will be pasted in a disabled state. To create the subscriptions identified in the trigger, you must enable the trigger. When you copy a package to another server, the triggers contained in the package will maintain their original state.

If you are configuring a cluster, use the package replication feature in the Integration Server Administrator to populate the cluster nodes. See the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide for more information about this feature.

When you move or copy a publishable document type to a destination on the same server, the moved or copied document type remains publishable. When you copy a publishable document type to a different server, Developer converts the publishable document type to an IS document type on the destination server. For more information about making IS document types publishable and synchronizing them with Broker document types, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.



Moving and Copying Adapter Notifications and Related ElementsAlthough you cannot move an adapter notification’s publishable document type without also moving its associated adapter notification, you can copy it. If you do so, the copied document type remains publishable but is no longer associated with the adapter notification.

When you move or copy an adapter notification, Developer also moves/copies its associated publishable document type and prompts you to indicate whether to move/copy the associated Broker document type.

You cannot move or copy adapter notifications, adapter notification publishable document types, or adapter services across servers. If you are selecting multiple elements and your selection contains any of these elements, Developer alerts you that the move/copy action cannot be completed.

You cannot move or copy a listener or connection element.

1 Select the elements that you want to move or copy.

2 Do one of the following:

3 If the elements you want to move or copy contain unsaved changes, Developer alerts you that you must first save the changes. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Then, save the changes and repeat the move/copy action.

4 If you do not have Read access to the elements you are moving or copying, or Write access to the location you are moving/copying them to, Developer displays a message that identifies the elements that are preventing the action from completing successfully. Click OK and then either obtain the proper access from your system administrator or select only those elements to which you have proper access.

5 Select the location where you want to move or copy the elements.

Tip! To retain the status of a publishable document type and its link to a Broker document type, use the package replication functionality in the Integration Server Administrator instead of using Developer to move or copy the package containing the publishable document type. For information about package replication, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

To move or copy elements

To... Click...

Cut the element Edit CutCopy the element Edit Copy

Tip! You can cancel a cut action by pressing ESC.



6 On the Edit menu, click Paste After.

7 If the destination already contains an element with the same name as an element you are moving or copying, do one of the following:

If you are moving the element, Developer alerts you that the element cannot be moved. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Rename the element if desired and repeat the move action.

If you are copying the element, Developer copies the element and appends a number to the name of the copied element. (For example, if you are copying a flow service named checkOrder2 to a destination that already contains a flow service with that name, Developer copies the service and names the copy checkOrder2_1.) Rename the element if desired.

For more information about renaming elements, see “Renaming Elements” on page 51.

8 If one of the elements you moved or copied is a Java service, perform the following as necessary:

If you are moving or copying the Java service to a folder with other Java services that are system locked or locked by another user, Developer alerts you that the element cannot be moved/copied.

Click OK and then ask the owner of the lock to remove the lock.

If the Java service you are moving or copying contains a shared source that conflicts with the shared source of an existing Java service in the destination folder, Developer alerts you that there is a conflict. Click OK to use the destination folder’s shared source, or click Cancel to cancel the entire move action.

9 If you clicked the Prompt before updating dependents when renaming/moving check box in the Options dialog box and any elements on the current server contain unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save the element(s). Do one of the following:

Note: If no shared Java source conflict exists, Developer moves the Java service and its shared source to the destination folder. If a conflict does exist, you must re‐specify the Shared tab information in the copy of the service. (You can copy the information from the Shared tab for the original service to the Shared tab for the copy of the service.)

To... Click...

Save changes and then proceed with the move/copy action Save and ProceedContinue the move/copy action without saving changes Proceed without Save Cancel the entire move/copy action Cancel



10 If you clicked Proceed without Save in Step 9, Developer identifies the elements that will be affected by the move. Do one of the following:

For more information about dependency safeguards, see “Specifying Dependency Checking Safeguards” on page 43.

Renaming ElementsWhen renaming elements, keep the following points in mind:

You can rename any elements for which you have Write access to the element and its parent folder. When renaming a folder, you must also have Write access to all elements within the folder. For more information about Write access and ACLs assigned to elements, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

When you rename a folder, Developer automatically renames all of the elements in that folder (that is, changes their fully qualified names).

If the folder you want to rename contains elements with unsaved changes, you must save the changes before you can rename the folder.

Element names must be unique across all packages. If you try to rename an element using a name that already exists at that level in any package, Developer reverts the element back to its original name.

When you rename an adapter notification, Developer also renames its associated publishable document type and prompts you to indicate whether to rename the associated Broker document type.

You cannot rename a listener or connection element.

To... Click...

Move the selected element and update references to dependent elements

Update Usages

Move the selected element in the Navigation panel without updating references to dependent elements

Ignore Usages

Cancel the entire move action Cancel

Tip! You can also move elements by clicking and dragging them to their new location.



1 Select the element that you want to rename.

2 On the Edit menu, click Rename.

3 If the element you want to rename contains unsaved changes, Developer alerts you that the element cannot be renamed until you save the changes. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Then, save the changes and repeat the rename action.

4 Developer moves the cursor to the end of the element name. Edit the name and press ENTER.

If an element already exists with that name at the same level, Developer displays a message alerting you that the rename action could not be completed. Click OK to close the message dialog box and repeat the rename action.

5 If you clicked the Prompt before updating dependents when renaming/moving check box in the Options dialog box and any elements on the current server contain unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save the element(s).


6 If you clicked Proceed without Save in Step 5, Developer alerts you to the elements that will be affected by the rename action.



To rename an element

Tip! You can cancel a rename action by pressing ESC.

To... Click...

Save changes and then proceed with the rename action Save and ProceedProceed with the rename action without saving changes Proceed without Save Cancel the entire rename action Cancel

To... Click...

Rename the selected element in the Navigation panel and update references to dependent elements

Update Usages

Rename the selected element without updating references to dependent elements

Ignore Usages

Cancel the entire rename action Cancel



Saving Changes to Elements Changes that you make to an element are not written to webMethods Integration Server until you explicitly save your work.


If you attempt to close Developer, close your session on the current server, close an unsaved element in the editor, or perform an action on an element without saving your changes, Developer will prompt you to save changes first.

Deleting ElementsWhen deleting elements, keep the following points in mind:

You can delete any elements to which you have Write access for the element and its parent folder. When deleting a folder, you must also have Write access to all elements within the folder. For more information about Write access and ACLs assigned to elements, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

When you delete a folder or the last Java service in a folder, Developer also deletes the shared source for that folder. If you cancel the delete action, no elements (including non‐Java service elements) are deleted.

You can only delete an adapter notification’s publishable document type if you delete its associated adapter notification.

When you delete an adapter notification, Developer also deletes its associated publishable document type and prompts you to indicate whether to delete the associated Broker document type.

You cannot delete a listener or connection element.

To save changes to elements

To... Do this...

Save changes to the current element On the File menu, click Save.Save all elements you have edited, on all servers

On the File menu, click Save All Editors.



1 Select the elements that you want to delete.

2 On the Edit menu, click Delete.

3 If you selected the Confirm before deleting check box in the Options dialog box, do the following:

a If any elements on the server contain unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save the element(s). Do one of the following:

b If the elements you are deleting are not dependents of other elements, Developer prompts you to confirm the delete action. Click OK.

c If the elements you are deleting are dependents of other elements, Developer alerts you to the elements that will be affected by the deletion. Do the following:

1 If one of the elements you want to delete is a publishable document type or an adapter notification, do one of the following:

To delete elements

To... Click...

Save changes and then proceed with the delete action Save and ProceedProceed with the delete action without saving changes

Proceed without Save

Cancel the entire delete action Cancel

To... Do this...

Delete the element on the Integration Server but leave the corresponding document type on the Broker

Clear the Delete associated Broker document type on the Broker check box.

Delete the element on the Integration Server and the corresponding document type on the Broker

Select the Delete associated Broker document type on the Broker check box.

Important! If you delete a publishable document type and Broker document type associated with a trigger or a flow service, you might break any integration solution that uses the document type. If you delete the Broker document type, you might negatively impact any publishable document types created from that Broker document type on other Integration Servers. When the developers synchronize document types with the Broker and they choose to Pull from Broker, publishable document types associated with the deleted Broker document type will be removed from their Integration Servers.



2 Continue or cancel the delete action as follows:


Finding Elements and FieldsYou can find elements and fields within Developer using the following methods:

Find elements in the Navigation panel. When creating and editing elements, you might lose track of where you saved certain elements. For example, suppose that you do not remember the folder to which you saved a service called Test.

Find fields in editor trees. You can search for fields in certain trees in the editor (that is, from within a document or specification editor, and in a flow service’s Pipeline tab). You might want to search for fields when working with a large document with many fields.

Locate an invoked service from the editor. You can highlight the location of an invoked service in the Navigation panel. This is especially helpful when working with a flow written by another party and with complex flows that make multiple invokes.

Finding Elements in the Navigation PanelUsing the Find command, you can search across all packages and folders within a server to find all occurrences of a specified element name.

The Find command searches the fully qualified names of elements. If you search for the name Test, the results display all elements with Test in their fully qualified name. The results could include a service called Sample located in a Test folder, or an IS document type called SampleTest.

The Find command interprets search terms as case‐sensitive regular expressions. By default, the command looks for all elements containing a specified search term. For example, if you specified “Test” as a search term, the results would include elements

To... Click...

Delete the elements from the Navigation panel (and therefore break any links to dependent elements)

Continue

Cancel the entire delete action Cancel



named “Test,” “MyTest,” and “TestFinal.” You can also include regular expression operator characters. For example:

For a complete list of regular expression operator characters, see Appendix B, “Regular Expressions”.

To find... Type...

All elements containing “PO” PO

All elements starting with “PO” ^PO

All elements ending with “PO” PO$

All services with the exact name of “logPO” :logPO$

All elements containing “log” followed by any two characters (wildcards) log..

Note: The Find command supports regular expressions but not conditional statements. For example, you can specify Test as a search term, but not Test OR Test1.



1 Click anywhere in the Navigation panel.

2 On the Edit menu, click Find. Developer displays the Find In Navigation Panel dialog box.

3 In the Find In Navigation Panel box, type any portion of the fully qualified name of the element that you want to find.

4 If you want to limit the scope of the search to a specific package, select the package in the Package list.

5 Click Find. The Find In Navigation Panel dialog box displays the results of the search.

Results of search for “PO”

6 To jump to an element in the Navigation panel, select that element in the results and click Go To.

To find an element in the Navigation panel

Note: If you receive a “Couldn’t find in Navigation panel” message when you click Go To, you probably do not have List access to the element. Contact your server administrator to obtain access.

Tip! For an active element in the editor, you can highlight the element’s location in the Navigation panel using the Edit Locate in Navigation command.

The term “PO” isfound in...

...the names of 33elements in the

Navigation panel.All of these

elements contain“PO” in their fully

qualified name.



Finding Fields in Editor Trees You can search for a field in any of the following trees in the editor:

Trees in a document or specification editor

Trees in the Pipeline In, Pipeline Out, Service In, and Service Out areas in the Pipeline tab of a flow service editor

When searching for fields on an editor tree, keep the following points in mind:

You can search only one tree at a time. For example, if you want to find fields that contain the text number in the Pipeline In and Service In areas of the Pipeline tab, search one tree, and then the next.

You can refine your search by requiring Developer to find only fields that match the capitalization of the search text or fields that match only the complete word specified as the search text.

You can search for a parent and child field combination. For example, if you specify address/street as the search text, Developer searches for all instances where a field named street is a child of a document or document list field named address. If you specify customerInformation/address/street as the search criteria, Developer searches for a field named customerInformation that contains a field named address which contains a field named street. Use a forward slash (/) to separate the parent field from the child field.

Developer does not treat search text as a regular expression. For example, if you type ^PO, Developer searches for fields that contain the text ^PO. Developer does not search for fields that begin with the text PO.

Developer searches the tree as follows:

If you select a field, Developer begins searching at the selected field and continues to the bottom of the tree. If you have not selected a field, Developer begins searching at the top of the tree.

When Developer finds a field that matches the search criteria, Developer selects the field in the tree.

When Developer reaches the bottom of the tree, Developer displays a message asking if you would like to continue searching from the top of the tree.

After completing a search of the entire tree, if Developer cannot find a matching field, Developer displays a message stating that the search text was not found.

Note: Developer interprets the forward slash character (/) as the divider between the name of a parent field and a child field. Developer will not search for a field name that contains a forward slash character. For example, if you type true/false as the search text, Developer searches for a field named false that is a child of a document or document list field named true. Developer does not search for a field named true/false.



1 Select the tree in which you want to search for a field.

2 On the Edit menu, click Find.

3 In the Find what field, type the text you want to search for. If you want to search for a parent‐child field combination, use a forward slash (/) to separate the parent field from the child field.

4 To further refine your search, do one or more of the following:

5 Click Find Next. If Developer finds a match, it selects the field and displays it on the Pipeline tab.

6 Click Find Next to find the next field that matches the search criteria.

Locating Invoked Services You can navigate to the location of an invoked service in both the flow view.

1 In the editor, select the INVOKE step containing the service you want to locate.

2 On the Edit menu, click Locate in Navigation. Developer locates and selects the service in the Navigation panel.

To find a field within an editor tree

To... Do this...

Find fields with the same capitalization as the text in the Find what field

Select the Match case check box.

Find only fields that match the complete word in the Find what field

Select the Match whole words check box.

Find fields that contain the text in the Find what field as all or a portion of their name

Clear the Match whole words check box.

To find an invoked service



Finding Dependents and ReferencesBefore performing an action on a selected element, you can determine whether other elements will be affected by the change by finding dependents and references of the element. In Developer, a dependent is an element that uses a selected element, and a reference is an element that is used by a selected element.

Finding Dependents To determine how a selected element is used by other elements on the server, you can find dependents of the selected element. For example, suppose that the flow service ServiceA invokes the flow service receivePO. The ServiceA service uses (that is, is a dependent of) the receivePO service. If you delete receivePO from the Navigation panel, ServiceA will not run.

Dependent elements

During debugging, you might want to locate all of the dependents of a given service or IS document type. Or, before editing an IS document type, you might want to know what elements, such as specifications, Broker/local triggers, or flow services, will be affected by changes to the IS document type. Use the Find Dependents command to find all the dependents.

1 In the Navigation panel or in the editor, select the element for which you want to find dependents.

2 On the Tools menu, click Find Dependents.

The Find Dependents dialog box displays the dependents of the element.

Note: Developer does not consider a Java service that invokes another services to be a dependent. For example, if Java service A invokes service B, and you instruct Developer to find dependents of service B, service A will not appear as a dependent.

To find dependents of a selected element

This service is adependent of...

...each of theseservices.



Find Dependents dialog box

3 After Developer finds the dependents of the selected element, you may do any of the following:

To jump to an element in the Navigation panel, select that element in the results and then click Go To.

To see all dependents of a found dependent, click next to the item in the results list.

To limit the scope of the search to a specific package, select the package in the Package list and then click Find.

Finding References To determine how a selected element uses other elements on the server, you can find references of the selected element. For example, the flow service ServiceA invokes the services receivePO, pub.schema:validate, processPO and submitPO. Additionally, in its input signature, ServiceA declares a document reference to the IS document type PODocument. The services receivePO, validate, processPO, and submitPO, and the IS document type PODocument, are used by (that is, they are references of) ServiceA.

Elements as references

During debugging of a complex flow service, you might want to locate all of the services, IS document types, and specifications used by the flow service. Use the Find References command to locate the references.

The services:receivePOservice is used by...

...this element.

Each of theseservices is areference of

ServiceA.



You can also use the Find References command to locate any unresolved references. An unresolved reference is an element that does not exist in the Navigation panel yet is still referred to in the service, IS document type, or specification that you selected. The element might have been renamed, moved, or deleted. To prevent unresolved references, specify the dependency checking safeguards. For more information about these safeguards, see “Specifying Dependency Checking Safeguards” on page 43.

1 In the Navigation panel or in the editor, select the element for which you want to find references.

2 On the Tools menu, click Find References.

The Find References dialog box displays the references of the element. Unresolved references are indicated in bold italics.

Find References dialog box

3 After Developer finds the references of the selected element, you may do either of the following:


To see all references of a found reference, click next to the item in the results list.

Note: Developer does not consider document references to schema types to be references, nor does it consider services invoked within a Java service to be references of the Java service. For example, if Java service A invokes service B, and you instruct Developer to find references for service A, service B will not appear as a reference of A.

To find references of a selected element

The processPOservice uses...

...these elements.

The element in bolditalics does not exist

in the Navigationpanel



Inspecting Pipeline ReferencesA pipeline reference is where a Link, Drop, or Set Value pipeline modifier is assigned to a field in a document reference or document reference list on the Pipeline tab. For example, in its input signature, ServiceA declares a document reference to the IS document type PODocument. If ServiceA contains an INVOKE or MAP step in which a field in the document reference is linked to another pipeline variable, then that link is a pipeline reference. In the following illustration of the Pipeline tab, the link between PoNum and num is a pipeline reference.

Pipeline reference

Pipeline references are also those locations where you assign a Set Value modifier or a Drop Value modifier to a field in a document reference or document reference list. The

following illustration of the Pipeline tab identifies these types of pipeline references.

Examples of pipeline references

When you edit an IS document type, the changes affect any document reference and document reference list variables defined by that IS document type. The changes might make pipeline references invalid. For example, suppose the input signature for ServiceA contains a document reference variable POInfo based on the IS document type

This variable is areference to the

PODocument in theNavigation panel.

The link betweenONum and num is a

pipeline reference.

... this Set Valuemodifier are pipeline

This Drop Valuemodifier and...



PODocument. The IS document type PODocument contains the field PONum. In the pipeline for ServiceA, you link the PONum field to another pipeline variable. If you edit the PODocument IS document type by deleting the PONum field, the pipeline reference (the link) for the field in the ServiceA pipeline is broken (that is, it is invalid) because the pipeline contains a link to a field that does not exist.

When you edit an IS document type, you might want to check all dependent pipeline modifiers for validity. You can use the Tools Inspect Pipeline References command to locate any broken or invalid pipeline references. You can use this command to:

Search for invalid pipeline references in a selected flow service.

Search for invalid pipeline references involving document reference and document reference list variables defined by a selected IS document type.

When inspecting pipeline references, keep the following points in mind:

You can inspect pipeline references in a selected flow service. You can also inspect pipeline references for document reference or document reference list variables based on a selected IS document type. The search results include only flow services, document reference variables, or document reference list variables that contain invalid pipeline modifiers.

Values set at the top level of a document reference or document reference list in the pipeline are not considered pipeline references. (That is, a Set Value modifier assigned to the document reference is not a pipeline reference.) Therefore, if a Set Value modifier assigned to a document reference contains input values for a nonexistent field, it will not appear in the search results even though it is invalid.

The search results will not show data type and dimensionality mismatches. For example, suppose that you link a String named Number to the PONum String list within the document reference PODocument. This dimensionality mismatch will not appear in the search results.

When you inspect pipeline references in a flow service, Developer inspects references across all packages on webMethods Integration Server.

When you inspect pipeline references for an IS document type, you can inspect references across a specific package or all packages.



1 In the Navigation panel or in the editor, select the flow service or IS document type for which you want to find invalid pipeline references.

2 On the Tools menu, click Inspect Pipeline References.

The Inspect Pipeline References dialog box displays all invalid pipeline references for the selected service or IS document type.

If you inspected a flow service, the search results contain all of the document references that have invalid pipeline references in that flow.

If you inspected an IS document type, the search results contain all of the flow services that have invalid pipeline references to that IS document type.

Inspect Pipeline References dialog box

3 After Developer finds the pipeline references of the selected element, you may do any of the following:


To jump to the unresolved reference in the pipeline, select the element in the results and then click Find in Flow.

If the selected element has multiple unresolved references in the same flow service and you want to automatically jump to the next reference within the selected element, you can use the Find Next command. To use the Find Next command, keep the Inspect Pipeline References dialog box open and click Edit Find Next.

If the selected element is a document type and you want to limit the scope of the search to a specific package, select the package in the Package list and then click Inspect.

To inspect pipeline references

The getData flowservice contains...

...an invalid referencein its pipeline to the IS

document type po_doc.



Caching ElementsYou can improve performance in Developer by caching Navigation panel elements that are frequently used. When elements are located in the Developer cache, Developer does not need to request them from the Integration Server and can therefore display them more quickly.

1 On the Tools menu, click Options.

2 In the Options dialog box, click General.

3 Under Navigation Panel, in the Number of elements to cache box, type the number of elements that you want to cache per Developer session. The total number of cached elements includes elements on all the servers to which you are connected.

The minimum number of elements is 10. The higher the number of elements, the more likely an element will be in the cache, which reduces network traffic and speeds up Developer.

4 Click OK. The caching settings take effect immediately.

If you enter an illegal cache size Developer displays an error and resets the cache size to the previous value.

Clearing the Developer CacheWhen you clear the Developer cache, you remove Navigation panel elements from memory for all servers. The following elements are not removed:

Flow services with breakpoints (if you want to clear the flow service from the cache, remove the breakpoint and clear the cache again)

Flow services that are currently being debugged (for example, if a service has been stepped into)

Unsaved elements

Keep in mind that the cache is automatically cleared when you close Developer or when you refresh the session by using the Session Refresh command.

To cache elements

Note: Keep in mind that increasing the cache reduces the amount of available memory. If you experience memory problems, consider decreasing the number of cached elements.



1 On the Tools menu, click Options. Developer displays the Options dialog box.

2 Click General.

3 Under Navigation Panel, click the Clear Cache button. All cached elements are removed from memory.

To clear the Developer cache

Note: Clearing cached elements from Developer is different from clearing the contents of the pipeline from webMethods Integration Server cache. If you want to clear the contents of the pipeline from a server’s cache, see “Configuring a Service’s Use of Cache” on page 131.


3 Working with Packages

What Is a Package? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Package Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83



What Is a Package?A package is a container that is used to bundle services and related elements, such as specifications, IS document types, IS schemas, and output templates. When you create a folder, service, specification, IS document type, IS schema, or output template, you save it in a package.

Packages are designed to hold all of the components of a logical unit in an integration solution. For example, you might group all the services and files specific to a particular marketplace in a single package. By grouping these components into a single package, you can easily manipulate them as a unit. For example, you can copy, reload, distribute, or delete the set of components (the “package”) with a single action.

Although you can group services using any package structure that suits your purpose, most sites organize their packages by function or application. For example, they might put all purchasing‐related services in a package called “PurchaseOrderMgt” and all time‐reporting services into a package called “TimeCards.”

On the server, a package represents a subdirectory within the IntegrationServer_directory\packages directory. All the components that belong to a package reside in the package’s subdirectory.

For a list and description of packages installed with the Integration Server, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Package ManagementYou can use webMethods Developer to perform certain package management tasks, such as creating, copying, and deleting packages, on the Integration Server. When you perform a package management task, all of the files and services in the package are affected.

The following table identifies all of the package management tasks that can be performed using Developer or the Integration Server Administrator. If you can perform the task with Developer, the See column directs you to a page within this guide for instructions. For tasks that can only be performed using the Integration Server Administrator, the See column directs you to the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Note: Every element in webMethods Developer must belong to a package.

To... See...

Create a package page 72

Activate a package webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Copy a package to another server page 74



View details for a package page 73

Display specific packages by filtering the Packages List

webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Document the purpose and function of a package

page 76

View the patch history for a package page 79 and webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Assign startup, shutdown, or replication services to a package

page 83

Reload the services and files in a package into memory without restarting the server

page 77 and webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Delete the contents of a package page 77 and webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Assign a version number to a package page 78 and webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Identify packages that must be loaded before a specific package is loaded (package dependencies)

page 81

Export a package or partial package page 78

Replicate or copy the contents of a package and send (publish) it to other Integration Servers

page 74 and webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide

Disable a package without deleting the package


Enable a package that you previously disabled


Recover services and related files from a deleted package


Archive a copy of the package (such as for a backup copy)


To... See...



Creating a PackageWhen you want to create a new grouping for services and related files, create a package. Packages can store services, specifications, IS document types, output templates, and schemas.

When you create a package, Developer creates a new subdirectory for the package in the file system on the machine where the Integration Server is installed. For information about the subdirectory and its contents, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Guidelines for Naming PackagesKeep the following guidelines in mind when naming new packages:

Start all package names with an uppercase letter and capitalize the first letter of subsequent words (for example, PurchaseOrder).

Keep package names short. Use abbreviations instead of full names. For example, instead of ProcessPurchaseOrder, use ProcessPO.

Make sure the package name describes the functionality and purpose of the services it contains.

Avoid creating package names with random capitalization (for example, cOOLPkgTest).

Avoid using articles (for example, “a,” “an,” and “the”) in the package name. For example, instead of TestTheService, use TestService.

Avoid using the prefix “Wm”. Developer uses the “Wm” prefix for predefined packages that contain services, IS document types, and other files.


2 In the New dialog box, select Package, and then click Next.

Developer displays the New Package dialog box.

3 In the Name field, type the name for the new package using any combination of letters, numbers, and the underscore character. Click Finish.

Developer refreshes the Navigation panel and displays the new package.

To create a package

Note: Avoid using control characters and special characters like periods (.) in a package name. The watt.server.illegalNSChars setting in the server.cnf file (which is located in the IntegrationServer_directory\config directory) defines all the characters that you cannot use when naming packages. Additionally, the operating system on which you run the Integration Server might have specific requirements that limit package names.



Viewing Details for a Package Double‐clicking a package in the Navigation panel expands or collapses the contents of that package. To view details for a package in the editor, perform the steps in the following procedure.

1 Select the packages whose details you want to view.


For more information about package details, see “Assigning a Version Number to a Package” on page 78, “Viewing the Patch History for a Package” on page 79, and “Identifying Package Dependencies” on page 81.

Optimizing Lock CheckingIf the Developer’s Version Control System (VCS) Integration feature is enabled, Developer might exhibit slowdowns, error messages (such as “Server version has changed” and “Session already in use”), and may stop responding completely when you expand a large element (such as a folder) or a large package in the Navigation panel. This condition occurs when Developer queries the Integration Server to check the lock state of each element in a package.

Tip! You can quickly create a package beneath the server you are currently working with by clicking next to the New button on the toolbar and then clicking Package. Type the name of the package and then click OK.

You can then create a folder beneath the package by clicking next to the New button and then clicking Folder. Developer adds the folder beneath the package, with a default name of Untitled.

To view details for a package



1 Open the file Developer_directory\config\developer.cnf with a text editor.

2 Add the following properties to the file:

dev.maxServerLockInfoCalls=<value>Defines the maximum number of lock state queries that will be made from Developer to Integration Server. The default value is 20. After this maximum is reached, cached values are retrieved for each element. These cached values may be inaccurate, but the only result is that menu items may be enabled or disabled incorrectly.

dev.maxLockInfoCalls=<value>Defines the maximum number of cached lock states that are retrieved. The default value is 100. After this maximum is reached, the last known lock state for each remaining element is used. This state may be incorrect, but as above, the only result is that menu items may be enabled or disabled incorrectly.

For example, when a large package is opened (using the default values): Full lock status information will be retrieved for the first 20 elements. For elements 21‐100, cached lock state information will be retrieved. For elements 101 and above, the last known lock state will be used.

3 Save the file.

4 Shut down and restart Developer.

Copying a Package to Another Server You can copy a package to another Integration Server in one of two ways:

From Developer. You can copy a package and its contents to another Integration Server from within Developer by performing a copy or a drag‐and‐drop action. Copying packages using either of these methods provides a quick way to share a set of services and their supporting files with other developers in a development environment.

From Integration Server Administrator. You can also copy a package from within the Integration Server Administrator by replicating the package. You can then send, or publish, the package to other Integration Servers. Copying packages using this method allows you to customize the way in which packages are replicated and published. This method is useful for managing releases between development and production environments, for deploying releases to partners or customers, or for

To optimize lock checking

Note: The lower the values for these settings, the more the performance will improve. Applying a value of zero (0) to these settings will eliminate all lock state queries to the server. This may result in some temporarily out‐of‐sync lock states, but these will be updated during normal Developer operations.

Lock state information is updated as child elements are opened in the Navigation panel.



distributing package updates to developers working in large, collaborative environments.

For information about replicating packages and managing releases from within Integration Server Administrator, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

When copying packages, keep the following points in mind.

You can copy a package to a different server only if you are a member of a group assigned to the Replicators ACL on the source and destination servers and you are logged on to both servers.

Before you copy a package that contains elements with unsaved changes, you must save the changes.

You cannot undo a copy action using the Edit Undo command.

You cannot copy a package to another server if the destination server already contains a package with that name.

If you copy a package that depends on other packages to load (that is, contains package dependencies), and the required packages are not present on the destination server, the package will be copied but it will not be enabled.

For more information about setting package dependencies, see “Identifying Package Dependencies” on page 81.

For more information about copying elements within a package, see Chapter 2, “Managing Elements in the Navigation Panel”.

1 Select the package that you want to copy.

2 On the Edit menu, click Copy.

3 If the package you want to copy contains elements with unsaved changes, Developer alerts you that the package cannot be copied until you save the changes. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Then, save the changes and repeat the copy action.

4 Select the server where you want to copy the package.

5 On the Edit menu, click Paste After.

Note: Because UNIX directories are case sensitive, Integration Servers running in a UNIX environment will allow packages with similar names to reside on the same server. For example, you can copy a package named orderProcessing to a server that contains a package named OrderProcessing.

To copy a package

Tip! You can also copy packages by clicking them and dragging them to their new location. Developer retains a copy of the package and its contents on the source server.



Documenting a PackageYou can communicate the purpose and function of a package and its services to other developers by documenting the package.

1 Document the package in one or more Web documents (such as HTML pages). Be sure to name the home page for the package documentation index.html. The index.html file can contain links to the other Web documents for the package. An index.html file exists for each package installed by the Integration Server.

2 Place the documents in the pub subdirectory for the package on the Integration Server.

For example, place the package documentation for a package named “PurchaseOrders” in the following directory: IntegrationServer_directory\packages\PurchaseOrders\pub

Enter the URL for the package documentation. The URLs for package documentation have the following format:

http://serverName:port/PackageName/DocumentName

where:

To create documentation for a package

Tip! An alternate location for package documentation is the IntegrationServer_directory\packages\doc directory. Typically, this directory is used for reference material such as PDFs that do not need to be published to the Web.

To access documentation for a package

serverName:port is the name and port address of the Integration Server on which the package resides.

PackageName is the name of the package for which you want documentation.

DocumentName is the name of the Web document you want to access. If you do not specify a DocumentName, the Integration Server automatically displays the index.html file.



Reloading a PackageSometimes, you need to reload a package on the server to activate changes that have been made to it outside of Developer. You need to reload a package if any of the following occurs:

A Java service that was compiled using jcode is added to the package.

New jar files are added to the package.

Any of the configuration files for the package are modified.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package you want to reload.

2 On the File menu, click Reload Package.

Deleting a PackageWhen you no longer need the services and files in a package, you can delete the package. Deleting a package removes the package and all of its contents from the Navigation panel.

When you delete a package from Developer, the Integration Server saves a copy of the package. If you later want to recover the package and its contents, contact your server administrator. Only Integration Server Administrator users can recover a package. For more information about recovering packages, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Before you delete a package, make sure that:

Other users or other services do not use (depend on) the services, templates, IS document types, and schemas in the package. You can use the Find Dependents command to identify other services that are dependent on a service in a package that you want to delete. For more information, see “Finding Dependents and References” on page 60.

All elements in the package that you want to delete are unlocked, or locked by you. If the package contains elements that are locked by others or system locked, you cannot delete the package.

Note: Reloading a package is not the same as refreshing the Navigation panel. When you refresh the Navigation panel, webMethods Developer retrieves a fresh copy of the contents of all the packages from the memory the Integration Server. When you reload a package, the Integration Server removes the existing package information from memory and loads new versions of the package and its contents into its memory.

To reload a package



1 In the Navigation panel, select the package you want to delete.


Exporting a Package or ElementPackages or parts of a package, such as a folder, can be exported to your hard drive so that they can be shared with partners or developers. You can install an exported package on another server by using the package publishing functionality in the Integration Server Administrator. Locking information is not exported.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package you want to export.

2 On the File menu, click Export. Developer displays the Export To dialog box.

3 Select the location on your hard drive where you want the exported package to reside. Click Save.

This exports the package to a ZIP file and saves it on your hard drive. The ZIP file can then be published on another server.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the folder or element that you want to export.

2 On the File menu, click Export. Developer displays the Export To dialog box.

3 Select the location on your hard drive where you want the exported partial package to reside. Click Save.

This exports the folder or element to a ZIP file and saves it on your hard drive. The ZIP file can then be unzipped into the ns directory of a package on the server.

Assigning a Version Number to a PackageYou can assign a version number to a package to identify different versions of the package. For example, you might want to assign a new version number to a package when you add new services to the package or after you fix bugs in a package. You might find assigning version numbers especially helpful if you work in a development environment where more than one person makes changes to a package.

By default, Developer assigns the version number 1.0 to each package that you create.

To delete a package

To export a package

To export an element



1 In the Navigation panel, select the package to which you want to assign a version number.


3 In the editor, click the package’s Settings tab.

4 In the Package Version field, type the version number you want to assign to the package. Be sure to format the version number in one of the following ways: X.X or X.X.X (for example, 1.0, 2.1, 2.1.3, or 3.1.2).

5 On the File menu, click Save to save your changes.

If the version number you entered does not use one of the formats specified in step 4, Developer displays a message stating that the format is not correct.

Viewing the Patch History for a Package For each package, Developer tracks and displays the history of installed patches. A patch is a partial upgrade, change, or fix to the contents of a package.

You might want to check a package’s patch history for the following reasons:

To avoid overwriting the installed package with a lower version of the same package.

To view the changes that are included in each version of the package.

To inform Software AG Customer Care which versions of predefined packages are installed on your Integration Server.

When you open a package in the editor, the package’s Settings tab displays the patch history since the last full release of the package. (A full release of a package incorporates all previous patches for the package.)

Important! When you change the version number of a package, make sure that you update the package dependencies for other packages that depend on the earlier version of this package.

Tip! Assign and change package version numbers through Developer only when the packages are in a development stage. To avoid difficulties installing package releases, do not change version numbers on packages you receive from trading partners, packages to which you subscribe, or packages installed with the Integration Server.

To assign a version number to a package

Note: You can also use the Integration Server Administrator to assign version numbers to packages. For more information, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.



The Settings tab displays patch history for the package

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package for which you want to view a patch history.


3 In the editor, click the package’s Settings tab and review the fields under Patch history.

Note: With the exception of the Package version field and the fields under Package dependencies, the fields on the Settings tab are display‐only.

Note: When the server administrator installs a full release of a package (a release that includes all previous patches for the package), the Integration Server removes the existing patch history. This helps the server administrator avoid potential confusion about version numbers and re‐establish a baseline for package version numbers.

To view patch history for a package

This field... Specifies...

Name The name of the package.

Version The version number of the package. A user assigns a version number when they create a package release. By default, Developer assigns version 1.0 to a new package.

...and these fieldstrack the patch history for the

package.

These fields displayinformation about the

currently installedpatch...



Identifying Package DependenciesIf a package needs the services in another package to load before it can load, you must set up package dependencies. For example, you should identify package dependencies if a startup service for a package invokes a service in another package. The startup service cannot execute if the package containing the invoked service has not yet loaded.

You should also identify package dependencies if Java services in a package need to access Java classes contained in another package.

When you identify a package dependency, you must indicate the version number of the package that needs to load first. For example, the “Finance” package might depend on version 2.0 of the “FinanceUtil” package. It is possible that the services and elements needed by a dependent package are contained in more than one version of the same package. For example, the “Finance” package might depend on version 2.0 or later of the “FinanceUtil” package.

Build The build number of the package. The build number is a generation number that a user assigns to a package each time the package is released. For example, a user might release version 1.0 of the “Finance” package ten times and assign build numbers 1,2,3…10 to the different releases or builds of the package.

The Build number is not the same as the Version number. One version of a package might have multiple builds.

Description A brief description of the package written by the user who created the package release.

Time The time at which the package release (patch) was created.

JVM Number The version of the JVM (Java virtual machine) required to run the package.

Publisher The name of the publishing server that created the package release.

Patch Number

The patch numbers included in this release of the package.

Important! If you create new adapter services and adapter notifications, you should save them in packages that identify the webMethods AdapterName package as a package dependency.

This field... Specifies...



1 In the Navigation panel, select the package for which you want to specify package dependencies.



4 Under Package Dependencies, click .

5 In the Enter Input Values dialog box, enter the following information:

6 Click OK.

7 On the File menu, click Save.

Important! Other webMethods components might include packages that register new types of elements in Developer. You should save instances of these new element types in packages that list the registering package as a package dependency. The registering package needs to load before your packages so that Developer can recognize instances of the new element type. For example, if you create new flat file schemas, you should save the flat file schemas in packages that identify the WmFlatFile package as a package dependency.

To identify package dependencies for a package


Package The name of the package you want Integration Server to load before the package selected in the Navigation panel.

Version The version number you want Integration Server to load before the package selected in the Navigation panel.

More than one version of the same package might contain the services and elements that a dependent package needs the Integration Server to load first. You can use an asterisk (*) as a wildcard in the version number to indicate that any version number greater than or equal to the specified version will satisfy the package dependency. For example, to specify version 3.0 or later of a package, type 3.* for the version number. To specify versions 3.1 or later, type 3.1.* for the version number.

If any version of the package satisfies the package dependency, type *.* as the version number.

Important! Only one version of a package can be installed at one time. If the available version of the package specified in the package dependency is not the correct version, the Integration Server does not load the dependent package. The Integration Server writes a dependency load error for the dependent package to the server log.



Removing Package DependenciesUse the following procedure to remove a package dependency that is no longer needed. For example, to continue the example from page 81, if you delete the service in “Finance” that invokes the service in “FinanceUtil,” then you would no longer need a package dependency on the “FinanceUtil” package. Another case where you would remove the package dependency is if you move the services in the “FinanceUtil” package into the “Finance” package.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package for which you want to remove a package dependency.



4 Under Package Dependencies, select the package dependency you want to remove.

5 Click .


Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication ServicesYou can set up services to automatically execute each time Integration Server loads, unloads, or replicates a package. These types of services are called startup, shutdown, or replication services.

What Is a Startup Service?A startup service is one that Integration Server automatically executes when it loads a package into memory. The server loads a package:

At server initialization (if the package is enabled).

When someone uses Developer or the Integration Server Administrator to reload a package.

When someone uses Developer or the Integration Server Administrator to enable a package.

Important! Make sure that you do not create circular package dependencies. For example, if you identify “FinanceUtil” as a dependent package for the “Finance” package, do not identify “Finance” as a dependent package for the “FinanceUtil” package. If you create circular package dependencies, neither package will load the next time you start the Integration Server.

To remove a package dependency



Startup services are useful for generating initialization files or assessing and preparing (for example, setting up or cleaning up) the environment before the server loads a package. However, you can use a startup service for any purpose.

What Is a Shutdown Service?A shutdown service is one that the Integration Server automatically executes when it unloads a package from memory. The server unloads a package from memory:

At server shutdown or restart.

When someone uses the Integration Server Administrator to disable the package.

When someone uses the Integration Server Administrator to reload a package before it is removed from memory.

Shutdown services are useful for executing clean‐up tasks such as closing files and purging temporary data. You could also use them to capture work‐in‐progress or state information before a package unloads.

What Is a Replication Service?A replication service is one that Integration Server automatically executes when it prepares to replicate a package. A replication service executes when the Integration Server Administrator creates a package release (full release or patch) or creates a package archive.

Replication services provide a way for a package to persist state or configuration information so that these are available when the published package is activated on the remote server.

Tip! If a startup service invokes a service in another package, make sure to identify the other package as a package dependency for the package containing the startup service.

Note: The term replication service does not refer to the services contained in pub.replicator or to services that subscribe to replication events (replication event services).



Guidelines for Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication ServicesKeep the following guidelines in mind when assigning startup, shutdown, and replication services to packages:

When you assign a startup or shutdown service to a package, you can only assign a service that resides in the same package. For example, a startup service for the “Finance” package must be located in the “Finance” package.

When you assign a replication service to a package, you can assign any service from any loaded package on Integration Server, including the current package.

Because services in a package are not made available to clients until the package’s startup services finish executing, you should avoid implementing startup services that access busy remote servers. They will delay the availability of other services in that package.

You can assign one or more startup services to a package; however, you cannot specify the order in which the services execute. If you have a series of startup services that need to execute in a specific order, create a “wrapper” service that invokes all the startup services in the correct order. Designate the “wrapper” service as the startup service for the package.

Assigning Startup, Shutdown, and Replication ServicesUse the following procedure to identify startup, shutdown, and replication services.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package to which you want to assign startup, shutdown, or replication services.


3 In the editor, click the package’s Startup/Shutdown/Replication Services tab.

4 To assign a startup service, under Startup services, select the service from the Available Services list, and click .

Repeat this step for each service you want to add as a startup service for the package.

5 To add a shutdown service, under Shutdown services, select the service from the Available Services list, and click .

Repeat this step for each service you want to add as a shutdown service for the package.

To assign startup, shutdown, and replication services

Note: A service that you just created does not appear in the Available Services list if you have not refreshed your session on the server since you created the service.



6 To add a replication service, do the following:

a Under Replication Services, click .

b In the Enter Input Values dialog box, in the Service field, do one of the following:

Type the service name in the format: folderName:serviceName

Click to navigate to and select the service that you want to use as a replication service.

c Click OK.

d Repeat these steps for each service you want to add as a replication service.

Removing Startup, Shutdown, and Replication ServicesYou might need to remove a startup, shutdown, or replication service if the service is no longer needed, has been deleted, or has been incorporated into another service (such as a wrapper service).

1 In the Navigation panel, select the package for which you want to remove startup, shutdown, or replication services.


3 In the editor, click the package’s Startup/Shutdown/Replication Services tab.

4 Do one or more of the following:

To remove a startup service, under Startup services, select the service you want to remove from Selected services list, and click .

To remove a shutdown service, under Shutdown services, select the service you want to remove from the Selected services list, and click .

To remove a replication service, under Replication services, select the replication service you want to remove and click .

Tip! If you remove a startup service that invoked a service in another package and the package was identified as a package dependency, make sure you remove the package dependency after you remove the startup service.

To remove startup, shutdown, and replication services


4 Locking and Unlocking Elements

Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Locking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Unlocking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101



Basic ConceptsIn webMethods Developer, you can manage changes to elements during development by locking them. This prevents two different users from editing an element at the same time. You can lock elements such as flow services, Java services, schemas, and specifications.

All elements in Developer’s Navigation panel are read‐only until you lock them. You can edit an element only if you own the lock on the element. However, you can use and run a service regardless of its lock status, as long as you have Execute access to the service. For details, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

This chapter describes local locking on the Integration Server, which is the default locking mode of Developer. If you enable Developer’s VCS Integration feature, elements are locked and unlocked when you check them out of or into your version control system repository. For more information about implementing and using the VCS Integration feature, see the webMethods Version Control System Integration Developer’s Guide in the webMethods_directory\_documentation directory.

What Is a Lock?A lock on an element prevents another user from editing that element. There are two types of locks: user locks and system locks. When an element is locked by you, you have a user lock. The element is read‐only to all other users on the Integration Server. Another user cannot edit the element until you unlock it.

When an element’s supporting files (node.xml, for example) are marked read‐only on the Integration Server, the element is system locked. For example, the server administrator has the ability to mark an element’s supporting files on the server as read‐only, in which case they are system locked. To edit the element, you must ask the server administrator to remove the system lock (that is, make the element’s files writable), and then you must reload the package in which the element resides.

Elements are shown in the following ways in Developer:

Important! When an Integration Server has the VCS Integration feature enabled, system locking is effectively disabled for elements that are checked into the version control system. The VCS Integration feature will override any read/write status changes applied manually by a server administrator.

Element Status Can I edit? How do I gain rights to edit?Not locked No Click File Lock for Edit.

Locked by you Yes N/A



How Do I Know Who Has an Element Locked?On every element in the Navigation panel, you can view the lock status by using the Lock Status command. This command provides information about the element such as the username of the person who owns the lock and when they locked it. If an element is system locked, you can also use the Lock Status command to obtain the names of the server files that are read‐only on the server. For details, see “Viewing the Status of Locked Elements” on page 92 and “Viewing an Element’s Corresponding Server Files” on page 98.

When Do I Lock an Element?You lock an element when you want to make changes to the element. For details, see “Locking Elements” on page 90.

When Do I Unlock an Element?You unlock an element after making your changes and saving those changes to the server. It is important to unlock the elements you are done with so that other users on the server can access them. For details, see “Unlocking Elements” on page 94.

If you want to automatically unlock an element after saving it, you can enable a setting on the Options dialog box. For details, see “Automatically Unlocking Elements After Saving” on page 98.

Locked by another user No Contact the user to unlock.

Locked by the system No Contact the server administrator to unlock.

Element Status Can I edit? How do I gain rights to edit?



Locking ElementsBefore you edit an element, you must lock it. This ensures that you are the only person working on a particular element at a time, preventing the loss of changes. Elements can only be locked by one user at a time. If the element you need is already locked, request that the current owner of the lock release it. If the element is system locked, request that the server administrator release it by making the corresponding server files writable.

Locking ElementsElements are locked by webMethods username (the name you use to log on to the Integration Server). Because of this, it is important that you use a distinct username to log on to the server. If you change usernames, you will be unable to edit or unlock items that you locked using your old username.

When locking elements, keep the following points in mind:

When you create a new element, it is locked automatically for you.

In order to lock an element, you must have Write access rights to it. For details, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

When you lock an element, Developer obtains and locks the latest version of the element that has been saved on the webMethods Integration Server.

Elements generated by a service (including an adapter service) are not locked automatically.

When you select multiple elements to lock, some elements in the selection may not be available to lock because they may be system locked, locked by another user, elements to which you do not have Write access, or elements that cannot directly be locked. Developer will notify you that these elements cannot be locked and will lock the rest.

When you lock an adapter notification, Developer also locks its associated publishable document type. You cannot directly lock the publishable document type associated with an adapter notification.

When you lock a folder or package, you only lock existing, unlocked elements within it. Other users can still create new elements in that folder or package.

Note: Users cannot create Java and C/C++ services in a folder or package while other users own the lock on the folder or package. These types of services require that all existing Java and C/C++ services in the folder are unlocked and the user has Write access to all Java and C/C++ services in the folder. For details, see “Locking Java and C/C++ Services” on page 91.



When you lock a Java or C/C++ service, Developer locks all other Java or C/C++ services within the folder. For details, see “Locking Java and C/C++ Services” on page 91.

You cannot lock a listener or connection element.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the elements that you want to lock.

2 On the File menu, click Lock for Edit.

If the elements were successfully locked, a green check mark appears next to their icons in the Navigation panel. If one or more of the elements could not be locked (for example, if they are system locked, locked by another user, or elements to which you do not have Write access), Developer displays a dialog box listing them. For information about troubleshooting lock problems, see “Lock/Unlock Problems” on page 99.

Locking Java and C/C++ ServicesWhen you lock Java and C/C++ services, there are special considerations to keep in mind.

Locking and unlocking actions on Java and C/C++ services are folder-wide. All Java and C/C++ services in a folder share the same .java and .class files on the Integration Server. These files, located in the \code subdirectory of a package, correspond to all services (except flow services) in a folder. Therefore, when you lock a Java/C service, all Java/C services in that folder are locked.

For example, if you lock a Java service in a folder A, all Java and C/C++ services in folder A are locked by you. Similarly, if another user has locked a Java service in folder B, you cannot add, edit, move, or delete any Java or C/C++ services in folder B.

Locking actions on Java and C/C++ services are ACL dependent. If you want to lock one or more Java or C/C++ services within a folder, you must have Write access to all Java and C/C++ services in that folder. This is because Java and C/C++ services within a folder share the same .java and .class files.

The jcode development environment operates independently of locking. If you use jcode to develop Java services, you do not have the locking functionality that is available in the Integration Server. When you use jcode, you may compile a service that is locked by another user, overwriting that user’s changes to the service. Therefore, if you use jcode, do not use the locking features in the Integration Server.

To lock elements

Tip! You can also lock an element that is open in the editor by right‐clicking the element’s tab or title bar and then clicking Lock for Edit.



Before you save a Java or C/C++ service, multiple corresponding files must be writable on the server. A single Java or C/C++ service corresponds to the following files:

.java

.class

.ndf

.frag (may not be present)

Before you save a Java or C/C++ service, all of the preceding files must be writable. Therefore, make sure that all system locks are removed from those files before saving.

Locking TemplatesA template can be used with one or more services on the Integration Server. Currently, you cannot lock a template as an entity, only the service to which it is attached. Following are considerations for working with templates in a cooperative development environment.

To create or edit a template for a service, you must have the service locked.

The template for a service can change without your knowledge. Since a template can be attached to one or more services, keep in mind that a shared template can change without your knowledge. For example, if your template is attached to a service that another user locks and edits, that user can change your template.

System Locking ElementsIf you are a server administrator, you can system lock an element by using the server’s file system to make the element’s supporting server files read‐only. If you do not know the names of the files that correspond to a particular element, use the Lock Status command. For details, see “Viewing an Element’s Corresponding Server Files” on page 98. Usually, a system lock is not reflected in webMethods Developer or the Integration Server Administrator until you reload the package in which the element resides.

Viewing the Status of Locked ElementsThe lock status of an element tells you if an element is available for locking, and if not, who owns the lock and when they locked it. You can view the status of a locked element to see who owns the lock or you can view a list of all elements for which you own the lock.

Important! Before you system lock an element, always verify that it is not locked by a user on the Integration Server. If an element becomes system locked while a user is editing it, the user will not know until he or she tries to save changes to the element. If this occurs, make the element’s corresponding files writable on the server. After this is done, the user can save his or her changes to the element.



When viewing an element’s lock status, keep the following points in mind:

If the element has been system locked since you last reloaded the package, Developer will not show the system lock status in the Locking Status dialog box until you reload the package.

When another user unlocks an element, you must refresh the Navigation panel to reflect the updated status. Similarly, when the server administrator removes a system lock from an element, you must reload the package in which the element resides to reflect the updated status.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the element for which you want to view the status.

2 On the File menu, click Lock Status. The following dialog box appears if the element is locked by someone else. A similar dialog appears if the element is system locked or locked by you.

Locking Status dialog box

On the Tools menu, click My Locked Elements. The My Locked Elements dialog box appears.

My Locked Elements dialog box

To view lock status for an element

To list all elements locked by you



You can unlock individual elements from this dialog box by pressing the CTRL key as you click each element and then clicking Unlock. You can unlock all elements by clicking Unlock All. For more information about unlocking elements, see “Unlocking Elements” on page 94.

Copying, Moving, or Deleting Locked ElementsYou can copy a locked element to another folder or package. However, you cannot move, rename, or delete an element unless it is locked by you or unlocked.

Unlocking ElementsAfter you edit an element and save changes to the server, you should unlock it to make it available to other users. There are several ways to unlock elements, depending on whether you are a member of the Developers ACL or the Administrators ACL. If you are a developer, you can unlock elements in Developer. If you are an administrator, you can unlock elements in the Integration Server Administrator as well as in Developer.

Unlocking Elements Using DeveloperYou must explicitly unlock elements. Disconnecting from the server does not unlock your element(s), since your locks are maintained from session to session.

When unlocking elements, keep the following points in mind:

When you unlock a single Java or C service, Developer unlocks all other Java or C services within the folder. For details, see “Locking Java and C/C++ Services” on page 91.

If a Java or C service in a folder has unsaved changes, you will not be able to unlock other Java or C services within that folder. Save the changes and then unlock the services.

When you unlock an adapter notification, Developer also unlocks its associated publishable document type. You cannot directly unlock the publishable document type associated with an adapter notification.

You cannot unlock a listener or connection element.



.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the elements that you want to unlock.

2 On the File menu, click Unlock.

3 If the elements you want to unlock contain unsaved changes, Developer alerts you that the elements cannot be unlocked until you save the changes. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Then, save the changes and repeat the unlock action.

4 If one of the elements you selected to unlock is a publishable document type associated with an adapter notification, and you did not also select the adapter notification, Developer alerts you that the elements cannot be unlocked. Click OK to close the alert dialog box. Then, reselect the elements (including the appropriate adapter notifications) and repeat the unlock action.

The Navigation panel refreshes and the green check mark next to the element disappears.

Unlocking an Element Using the Integration Server Administrator

1 In the Integration Server Administrator, under Packages, click Management.

2 Click View Locked Elements. The following screen appears, showing all elements that have user locks and system locks.

To unlock elements using Developer

Note: Be sure to save changes to the elements before you attempt to unlock them.

Tip! You can also unlock elements using the following techniques:

To unlock an element that is open in the editor, right‐click the element’s tab or title bar and then click Unlock.

To unlock all elements to which you own the lock, use the Tools My Locked Elements command.

Important! Be cautious when you remove user locks to prevent a user from losing changes. If you unlock an element while a user is editing it, the user will not know until he or she tries to save changes to the element and the action fails. Always confirm with the user before removing his or her lock on an element.

To unlock an element using the Integration Server Administrator



Locked Elements screen

3 Click Unlock Elements. The following screen appears.

Unlock Selected Elements screen

Locked by System. Lists elements whose corresponding files are marked read‐only on the server file system. You cannot remove a system lock via the Server Administrator. On the server’s file system, you must make the element’s files writable and reload the package. For details, see “Unlocking a System Locked Element” on page 97.

Locked by Current User. Lists elements that are locked by you, the server administrator (or the username with which you logged on to the Integration Server Administrator). Before you unlock an item, make sure that you have saved all changes to the server.

Locked by Other Users. Lists elements that are locked by other users on the server. Before you remove a user’s lock, make sure that the user has saved all changes to the server. If not, the user will lose all changes that they made to the element since they last saved it to the server.

“localhost” means the machine on which the

server is running



4 Select the elements that you want to unlock (after informing users if necessary) and click Unlock Selected Elements.

Developers using webMethods Developer should refresh their Navigation panel to update their view of the lock status of all elements.

Unlocking a System Locked ElementIf you are a server administrator, you can remove a system lock from an element using the server’s file system. After you remove the system lock, you must reload the package in which the element resides to reflect the element’s updated status. If you use Developer, you must refresh the Navigation panel (after the package is reloaded) to reflect the element’s updated status.

1 If you do not know the names of the server files that correspond to the element, use the Lock Status command in Developer. For details, see “Viewing an Element’s Corresponding Server Files” on page 98.

2 On the server’s file system, remove the read‐only properties from the files that correspond to the element to make the files writable.

3 Reload the package on the Integration Server that contains the element. The updated status is reflected in the Integration Server Administrator. Refresh the Navigation panel in Developer to view the updated status.

Important! If you receive a “failed to unlock” message, it means that the server files for a locked element were deleted from the server. Use the Sync to Name Space command to update the Integration Server Administrator’s view of locked elements.

To remove a system lock from an element

Important! If you accidentally applied a system lock to an element that was already locked by another user, remove the system lock but DO NOT have the user reload the package in webMethods Developer. (Reloading the package in Developer will discard their edits.) The user can then save the element without losing the changes he or she made to it while you had the element system‐locked.



Viewing an Element’s Corresponding Server FilesYou can view the names of the server files associated with every webMethods element. This is convenient when an element is system locked and you need to convey the element’s file names to the server administrator.

1 In the Navigation panel, select the elements for which you want to view the server file names.

2 On the File menu, click Lock Status.

The following dialog box shows the server files associated with a flow service named ApplyCreditMemo. These server files are system locked (that is, they are not writable on the server).

Viewing server files for element ‘ApplyCreditMemo’

Automatically Unlocking Elements After SavingYou can choose to automatically unlock flow services, IS document types, and specifications after you save changes to them. This prevents you from forgetting to unlock them; however, it may not be the best option if you save periodically while editing an element.

To view server files for an element

Note: After a server administrator removes a system lock from an element, you must reload the package in which the element resides to reflect the unlocked status.

Important! When an Integration Server has the VCS Integration feature enabled, the Automatically unlock upon save option must be disabled.



1 On the Tools menu, click Options. The Options dialog box appears.

2 Click General.

3 Under Navigation Panel, select the Automatically unlock upon save check box.

4 Click OK.

TroubleshootingThis section addresses common problems that may arise when implementing cooperative development with webMethods components.

Lock/Unlock ProblemsThe Lock for Edit and Unlock commands are disabled.Possible causes are:

The Integration Server to which you are connected may have the watt.server.ns.lockingMode property configured to “no locking” or “system locking only.” For details, contact your server administrator.

You have selected multiple elements to lock or unlock and your selection contains of one or more of the following:

A server

A folder or package and its contents

A package and any other element

An adapter notification record

When I try to lock an element, I get an exception message.The element may be locked by someone else, system‐locked (marked read‐only on the server), or you may not have Write access. Refresh the Navigation panel. If a lock is not shown but you still cannot lock the element, reload the package. In addition, make sure that you are a member of the ACL assigned for Write access to the element by checking the element’s Permissions property in the Properties panel.

I can’t unlock a Java or C service.If there is another Java or C service that is locked by another user or system locked in the same folder, then you cannot unlock any Java or C services in that folder. This is because those services share the same .java and .class files on the Integration Server.

I can’t unlock elements since I changed my username.You can only unlock elements that you have locked with your current username for the session. If you have changed usernames, log back in to the server with your old username and then unlock the elements.

To

To automatically unlock flow services, IS document types, and specifications after saving



If the administrator has deleted your username, contact him or her to unlock the elements on the server. You can assist the administrator by using the Lock Status command to identify the names of the system‐locked files on the server that need to be unlocked.

Another user unlocked an element, but it still shows as locked in my Navigation panel.If it is a Java or C service, reload the package in the Navigation panel. If it is any other element, use the Refresh command to refresh the Navigation panel.

I receive an “element failed to unlock” message when I try to unlock elements in the Integration Server Administrator.This indicates that the server files for the locked element were deleted from the server. You need to update the Integration Server Administrator’s list of unlocked elements by clicking Sync to Name Space on the Unlock Selected Elements screen. The Sync to Name Space command runs automatically when the server is started or restarted.

Package Management ProblemsI can’t preserve locking information when I replicate and publish a package.This is expected behavior and is part of the feature’s design. You can, however, preserve system locks (read‐only file attributes).

When I disable a package, it does not preserve locking information.This is expected behavior and prevents conflicts if another package with the same folder and element names gets installed.

Save ProblemsWhen I try to save an element that I have locked, I get an exception message.During the time that you had the lock, the element became system‐locked, its ACL status changed, or a server administrator removed your lock and another user locked the element. If the exception message indicates that a file is read‐only, then one or all of the files that pertain to that element on the server are system‐locked. Contact your administrator to remove the system lock. After this is done, you can save the element and your changes will be incorporated.If the exception message indicates that you cannot perform the action without ACL privileges, then the ACL assigned to the element has been changed to an ACL in which you are not an Allowed user. To preserve your changes to the element, contact your server administrator to:

1 Remove your lock on the element.

2 Lock the element.

3 Edit the ACL assigned for Write access to the element, to give you access.

4 Unlock the element.

You can then save your changes to the element.



When I try to save a template, I get an error message.The template file on the server is read‐only. Contact your server administrator to make the file writable.

Other ProblemsI can’t create a new Java or C service.Another Java or C service is locked in the folder in which you want to create the new service, or you do not have Write access to all Java or C services in the folder. All of them must be unlocked or locked by you and you must have Write access to add a new Java or C service to the same folder. See “Lock/Unlock Problems” on page 99.

I can’t delete a package.One of the elements in that package is system‐locked (read‐only) or locked by another user. Contact your administrator or contact the user who has the element locked in the package.

The webMethods Integration Server went down while I was locking or unlocking an element.The action may or may not have completed, depending on the exact moment at which the server ceased action. When the server is back up, restore your session and look at the current status of the element.

Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat is the difference between a system-locked element and a read-only element?None. “System lock” is a term used to denote an element that has read‐only files on the webMethods Integration Server. The server administrator usually applies system locks to files (makes them read‐only).

Can I select multiple elements to lock or unlock in the Navigation panel simultaneously?Yes, you can select multiple elements to lock or unlock in the Navigation panel, as long as your selection does not contain the following:

A server

A folder or package and its contents

A package and any other element

An adapter notification record

You can also lock or unlock all elements in a package or folder that have not been previously locked/unlocked by right‐clicking the package or folder and selecting Lock for Edit (to lock) or Unlock (to unlock).

I only save elements after I’m completely done. Remembering to unlock elements after saving them is tedious. Is there a shortcut for this task?Yes. For the specific procedure, see “Automatically Unlocking Elements After Saving” on page 98.



Where is the lock information stored (such as names of elements that are locked, when they were locked, etc.)?The information is stored internally in Repository version 4, and in the VCS repository, if you are using VCS.

Should I archive derived files?Generally, you should not archive derived files such as the .class file that is generated when you compile a Java service.

What happens to the locks on elements when I replicate a package?Locking information is not preserved when you replicate and publish a package. This is expected behavior and is part of the feature’s design. You can, however, preserve system locks (read‐only file attributes).

Important! It is not recommended that you use Cooperative Development functionality in an Integration Server cluster. Locking information for elements could be inadvertently shared with another Integration Server in the cluster. Use a standalone Integration Server, not a cluster, while developing to eliminate these Cooperative Development problems.


5 Assigning and Managing Permissions

Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Assigning ACLs to Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Viewing ACL Information on a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

How ACLs Affect Other Developer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112



Basic ConceptsIn addition to controlling access to elements on an individual user basis using locking, you can also control access by groups of users using access control lists (ACLs). Typically created by a system administrator, ACLs allow you to restrict access on a broader level. For example, if you have a production package and a development package on the webMethods Integration Server, you can restrict access to the production package to users in an Administrators ACL, and restrict access to the development package to users in a Developers ACL.

Within ACLs, you can also assign different levels of access, depending on the access that you want different groups of users to have. For example, you may want a “Tester” ACL to only have Read and Execute access to elements. Or, you may want a “Contractor” ACL that denies List access to sensitive packages on the webMethods Integration Server, so that contractors never see them in webMethods Developer.

What Is an ACL?An ACL controls access to packages, folders, and other elements (such as services, IS document types, and specifications) at the group level. An ACL identifies groups of users that are allowed to access an element (Allowed Groups) and/or groups that are not allowed to access an element (Denied Groups). When identifying Allowed Groups and Denied Groups, you select from groups that you have defined previously.

There are four different kinds of access: List, Read, Write, and Execute.

List controls whether a user sees the existence of an element and its metadata; that is, its input and output, settings, and ACL permissions. The element will be displayed on screens in the Developer and the Integration Server Administrator.

Read controls whether a user can view the source code and metadata of an element.

Write controls whether a user can update an element. This access also controls whether a user can lock, rename, or delete an element or assign an ACL to it.

Execute controls whether a user can execute a service.

For more details about these types of access, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

What Happens When a Client Runs a Service with ACLs?When a client requests that webMethods Integration Server invoke a service, the server checks the ACL assigned to the service. If the client is a member of an allowed group and is not a member of a denied group, the server executes the service. If the client is not a member of an allowed group, the server denies the request to invoke the service and stops executing.

By default, when a client requests a service, webMethods Integration Server checks only the ACL of the externally invoked service (the service requested directly by the client).



The server does not check the ACLs of any of the internally invoked services (those services invoked by the externally invoked service). However, you can set up the security settings for a service so that webMethods Integration Server checks the ACL assigned to the service every time it is invoked, whether directly by a client or by another service. For details, see “The Permissions Properties” on page 107.

The following diagram illustrates the points at which ACL checking occurs when a client requests a service.

ACL checking when a client requests a service

Stage Description

1 The client (such as another application or a DSP) requests the Purch:SubmitPO service on the local webMethods Integration Server. webMethods Integration Server checks the ACL of the Purch:SubmitPO service (the externally invoked service). The server executes the service only if the client is invoking the service on the behalf of a user that is a member of an allowed group and is not a member of a denied group for the ACL assigned to the service.

2 The Purch:SubmitPO service invokes the Purch:LogPO service. Because the Purch:LogPO service is invoked by the externally invoked service and is located on the same server as the externally invoked service, webMethods Integration Server considers the Purch:LogPO service to be internally invoked. Consequently, the server does not check the ACL of the Purch:LogPO service before executing it.

3 The Purch:SubmitPO service invokes the Purch:CreditAuth service. Like the Purch:LogPO service, webMethods Integration Server considers the Purch:CreditAuth service to be an internally invoked service. Consequently, the server does not check the ACL of the Purch:CreditAuth service before executing it.

4 The Purch:SubmitPO service invokes the Purch:SendPO service. Like the Purch:LogPO and Purch:CreditAuth services, webMethods Integration Server considers the Purch:SendPO service to be an internally invoked service. The server does not check the ACL of the Purch:SendPO service before executing it.

Purch:SubmitPO

INVOKE Purch:LogPO

INVOKE Purch:CreditAuth

INVOKE Purch:SendPO

webMethods Integration Server

Purch:LogPO

Purch:CreditAuth

Purch:SendPO

Client 1

3

4

2

Purch:SubmitPO



Am I Required to Use ACLs?No. However, there are default ACL settings for elements shipped with the Integration Server and default settings for new elements that you create. For details on default ACLs, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

How Do I Create an ACL?You create ACLs using the Integration Server Administrator. For details, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Assigning ACLs to ElementsYou can assign an ACL to a package, folder, services, and other elements in the Navigation panel. Assigning an ACL restricts or allows access to an element for a group of users. You can assign only one ACL per element.

You cannot assign an ACL to an element for List, Read, or Write access unless you are a member of that ACL. For example, if you want to allow DevTeam1 to edit the ProcessPO service, you must be a member of the DevTeam1 ACL. That is, your username must be a member of a group that is in the Allowed list of the DevTeam1 ACL.

1 Make sure that the ACL you want to assign exists on the Integration Server. If not, create the ACL in the Integration Server Administrator. For details, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

2 In the Navigation panel, click the package or folder to which you want to assign an ACL.


Note: If the security settings for the Purch:LogPO, Purch:CreditAuth, or Purch:SendPO services specify that ACL checking occurs every time the service is invoked (Enforce execute ACL option is set to Always), webMethods Integration Server would perform ACL checking when the externally invoked service (Purch:SubmitPO) invoked these services. For more information about requiring ACL checking, see “Assigning ACLs to Elements” on page 106.

Note: Any service that the Purch:SubmitPO flow service invokes could also be invoked directly by the client. For example, if the client directly invokes the Purch:SendPO service, the server checks the ACL of the Purch:SendPO service. If the client is invoking the service on the behalf of a user that is a member of an allowed group and not a member of a denied group, then the server executes the Purch:SendPO service.

To assign an ACL to a package or folder



4 In the editor, click the title bar of the package or folder to give it the focus.

5 In the Permissions category of the Properties panel, select the ACLs that you want to assign for each level of access. For details, see “The Permissions Properties” on page 107.

6 Save the element. If an error message appears, check to make sure that you are a member of each ACL that you assigned to the element.

1 Make sure that the ACL you want to assign exists on the Integration Server. If not, create the ACL in the Integration Server Administrator. For details, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

2 Open the element to which you want to assign an ACL.

3 In the Permissions category of the Properties panel, select the ACLs that you want to assign for each level of access. For details, see “The Permissions Properties” on page 107.

4 Save the element. If an error message appears, check to make sure that you are a member of each ACL that you assigned to the element.

The Permissions Properties You assign an ACL to an element in the Permissions category of the Properties panel. Depending on the element you select, certain access levels are displayed. For example, for a package, you can only set List access. For details about the different levels of access available for elements, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

The ACLs assigned to an element are mutually exclusive; that is, an element can have different ACLs assigned for each level of access. For example, the following element has the Developers ACL assigned for Read access and the Administrators ACL assigned for Write access.

Important! For List, Read, and Write access, you can only assign ACLs of which you are a member. If you cannot assign an ACL to an element for List, Read, or Write access, you probably are not a member of a user group in the Allowed list of that ACL. To verify, use the Tools ACL Information command. To obtain access to an ACL, contact your server administrator.

To

To assign an ACL to other elements in the Navigation panel

Important! For List, Read, and Write access, you can only assign ACLs of which you are a member. If you cannot assign an ACL to an element for List, Read, or Write access, you probably are not a member of a user group in the Allowed list of that ACL. To verify, use the Tools ACL Information command. To obtain access to an ACL, contact your server administrator.



Permissions properties for a flow service

Field / Button Description

List ACL Users in the Allowed list of this assigned ACL can see that the element exists and view the element’s metadata (input, output, etc.).

Read ACL Users in the Allowed list of this assigned ACL can view the source code and metadata of the element.

Write ACL Users in the Allowed list of this assigned ACL can lock, edit, rename, and delete the element.

Execute ACL Users in the Allowed list of this assigned ACL can execute the service. This level of access only applies to services.

Enforce execute ACL

When top-level service only. The Integration Server performs ACL checking against the service when it is directly invoked from a client or DSP. For example, suppose a client invokes the OrderParts service on server A. After checking port access, server A checks the Execute ACL assigned to OrderParts to make sure the requesting user is allowed to run the service. It does not check the Execute ACL when other services invoke OrderParts.

Always. The Integration Server performs ACL checking against the service when it is directly invoked from a client as well as when it is invoked from other services. For example, suppose the OrderParts service is invoked from a browser, as well as by the ProcessOrder and AddToDatabase services. If Always is set on OrderParts, the server performs ACL checking on OrderParts three times (once when it is invoked from the browser and twice when it is invoked by ProcessOrder and AddToDatabase).

Note: You can view the users and groups that compose the ACLs on the Integration Server to which you are connected by using the Tools ACL Information command. This information is read only; to edit ACLs, users, and groups, use the Integration Server Administrator.

An element can have different ACLs assigned for each level of access.



ACLs and InheritanceWhen you assign an ACL to a folder, it affects the subfolders and services in the folder. The subfolders and services that do not have an assigned ACL inherit the ACLs that you assign to the folder. (Subfolders and services with an assigned ACL are not affected by the ACL assigned to the folder.) When a subfolder or service inherits the ACL of a folder, “inherited” is displayed next to the ACL in the List, Read, Write, or Execute fields in the Permissions category of the Properties panel.

When you remove an ACL from a service or subfolder, the service or subfolder inherits the ACL assigned to the folder in which the service or subfolder is located. When you remove the ACL assigned to the top‐level folder (the uppermost folder in a package), webMethods Integration Server applies the default ACL to the folder and its contents for which an ACL is not specified. (The default ACL restricts access to a service to any user with a valid username and password for the webMethods Integration Server.)

Default ACLs and InheritanceIf the element is a top‐level folder, its default ACL is that specified by a configuration file, not by its parent (the package). If the element is a subfolder, it shares its default ACL settings with other folders at the same level in the folder hierarchy. For details about inheritance, as well as the default ACLs that are installed with the webMethods Integration Server, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Viewing ACL Information on a ServerYou can view the users and groups that make up the ACLs on a server by using the Tools ACL Information command. The ACL Information dialog box lists the ACLs contained on the Integration Server to which you are connected. This information is read only; to edit ACLs, users, and groups, use the Integration Server Administrator.

Note: An element can inherit access from all elements except a package.



ACL Information dialog box for a Server

Field Description

ACLs The ACLs defined on the Integration Server to which you are connected. These include the default ACLs that were installed with the server.

User Group Association for ‘[ACL]’

Allowed. The user group(s) that have been explicitly allowed to access the packages, folders, services, or other elements associated with this ACL.

Denied. The user group(s) that have been explicitly denied access to the packages, folders, services, or other elements associated with this ACL.

Resulting Users for ‘[ACL]’

The names of users that the ACL authorizes, given the current settings in the Allowed and Denied lists. The server builds this list by looking at the groups to which each user belongs and comparing that to the groups to which the ACL allows or denies access. For details on how the server determines access, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

The Default ACL...

...and allows access to members of all other groups.

...denies access to members of the Anonymous group...



How ACLs Affect Other Developer Features

ACLs and LockingAs explained previously, locking allows you to control access at the individual user level, while ACLs allow you to control access by groups of users. Following are guidelines to keep in mind as you use ACLs with locking:

To lock an element, you must be the member of the ACL that is assigned for Write access to that element.

To lock a Java or C service within a folder, you must be the member of the ACL that is assigned for Write access for all Java or C services in that folder. This is because locking and unlocking actions for Java/C services are at the folder level. For details, see the Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”.

To edit ACL permissions for an element, you must lock the element (except for packages and folders, which cannot be locked).

ACLs and Testing/Debugging ServicesKeep the following in mind when you test and debug services:

To step or trace through a top‐level service, you must have Execute, Read, and List access to the service.

To step or trace through all the services within a top‐level service, you must have Execute, List, and Read access to all services invoked by the top‐level service. If you do not have access to services invoked by the top‐level service, Developer “steps over” those services. (The Integration Server performs ACL checking for a child service when the Enforce execute ACL property for the service is set to Always.) Developer executes the top‐level service and continues to the next flow step. Developer does not step into or trace into the top‐level service.

To test a service by sending an XML file to a service, you must have Read access to the service.

To set a breakpoint in a service, you must have Read access to the service.

Note: When an Integration Server has the VCS Integration feature enabled, an element is locked when it is checked out of the version control system. With the appropriate ACL permissions, you are able to check out (lock) and check in (unlock) elements, folders and packages.



ACLs and Creating, Viewing, and Deleting ElementsKeep the following guidelines in mind when you create, view, or delete elements:

To create or paste an element, you must have Write access to its parent folder. If you are not a member of the ACL assigned for Write access to the folder, contact your server administrator.

To copy an element, you must have Read access to it and Write access to its parent folder.

To rename or delete an element, you must have Write access to it and its parent folder.

To copy a package, you must be a member of a group assigned to the Replicators ACL.

When you create a folder and assign an ACL to it, any elements that you create within that folder inherit its ACL, until you explicitly set the ACL to something else. For details about inheritance, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

You may not see all of the elements on the Integration Server in the Navigation panel because you may not have List access to all of them. You can only see those elements to which you have at least List access.

TroubleshootingI receive a “Cannot perform operation without Write ACL privileges” message when I try to create an element.You are not a member of the ACL assigned to the folder in which you want to save the element. To verify, check the Permissions category of the Properties panel. If you had previously been able to save the element, the ACL settings may have changed on the server since you last saved it. See “Troubleshooting” on page 99 in Chapter 4, “Locking and Unlocking Elements”.

I receive an “element already exists” message when I try to create an element.There may be an element with the same name on the Integration Server, but you may not be able to see it because you do not have List access to it. Try a different element name, or contact your server administrator.

I can’t assign an ACL to an element.Make sure that you have locked the element and that you are a member of the List, Read, or Write ACL that you want to assign. To verify, use the Tools ACL Information command.

I can’t see the source of a flow or Java service. However, I can see the input and output.You do not have Read access to the service. Contact your server administrator to obtain access.

I receive an exception when I try to lock an element.The element may be locked by someone else, system locked (marked read only on the server), or you may not have Write access. Refresh the Navigation panel. If a lock is not shown but you still cannot lock the element, reload the package. In addition, make sure



that you are a member of the ACL assigned for Write access to the element. To do so, click the Permissions category of the Properties panel.

I receive an error when I run a command on the Test menu. You must have a minimum of Read access to trace or step through a service. If you don’t have Read access to the service when you are tracing, tracing into, stepping through, or stepping into a service, you will receive an error message. If you do have Read access to a service but you do not have Read access to a service it invokes, Developer “steps over” the invoked service but does not display an error message.You must also have Read access to a service to set a breakpoint in the service or send an XML document to the service.

I receive an exception when I try to go to a referenced service from the pipeline.You do not have List access to the referenced service. Contact your server administrator.

I receive a “Couldn’t find in Navigation panel” message when I try to find a service in the Navigation panel. However, I know it is on the Integration Server.If you do not see the service listed in the Navigation panel, you probably do not have List access to that service. Contact your server administrator.

I can’t copy and paste a Java service.Check to make sure that you have Write access to all Java services in the folder into which you want to paste the service, as well as Write access to the folder itself.


6 Building Flow Services

Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

A Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Creating a New Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Assigning an Output Template to a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Specifying Run-Time Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Configuring Service Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Assigning Universal Names to Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Configuring Service Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Printing a Flow Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149



Basic ConceptsTo successfully build a flow service, you should understand the following basic concepts and terms.

What Is a Flow Service?A flow service is a service that is written in the webMethods flow language. This simple yet powerful language lets you encapsulate a sequence of services within a single service and manage the flow of data among them. For example, you might create a flow service that takes a purchase order from a buyer and executes the following series of services before submitting it to an internal ordering system:

1 Gets a purchase order submitted by a buyer

2 Logs the order in an audit‐trail file

3 Performs a credit check

4 Posts the order to the ordering system

Flow services encapsulate other services

Any service can be invoked within a flow (including other flow services). For instance, a flow might invoke a service that you create, any of the built‐in services provided with the webMethods Integration Server, and/or services from a webMethods add‐on product such as the webMethods JDBC Adapter.

You create flow services using Developer. They are saved in XML files on webMethods Integration Server.

Important! Although flow services are written as XML files, they are maintained in a format that can only be created and understood by Developer. You cannot create or edit a flow service with a text editor.

Purch:SubmitPO

INVOKE Purch:GetOrders

INVOKE Purch:LogOrder


INVOKE Purch:PostPO

...which performs a sequenceof four services

1

3

4

2

Purch:SubmitPOClient application invokes Purch:SubmitPO...



What Is a Flow Step?A flow service contains flow steps. A flow step is a basic unit of work (expressed in the webMethods flow language) that webMethods Integration Server interprets and executes at run time. The webMethods flow language provides flow steps that invoke services and flow steps that let you edit data in the pipeline.

webMethods’ flow language also provides a set of control steps that allow you to direct the execution of a flow service at run time. The control steps allow you to:

Conditionally execute a specified sequence based on a field value.

Retry a specified sequence until it succeeds.

Repeat a specified sequence (loop) for each element in an array field.

In the following flow service, control steps have been inserted to loop through a subset of the flow service and branch to one of two services in the last step of the loop.

Control steps are used to direct the execution of a flow

A flow service can contain the following types of flow steps:

Invocation Steps

INVOKE Executes a specified service. For more information about this step, see “The INVOKE Step” on page 157.

Data-Handling Steps

MAP Performs specified editing operations on the pipeline (such as mapping variables in the pipeline, adding variables to the pipeline, and dropping variables from the pipeline). For more information about this step, see “The MAP Step” on page 183.

Purch:SubmitPO

INVOKE Purch:PostPO

INVOKE Purch:BouncePO

INVOKE Purch:LogOrder


BRANCH AuthOK

LOOP PurchaseOrders

INVOKE Purch:GetOrders

Purch:SubmitPO

A BRANCH stepselects a specified

flow step forexecution

A LOOP steprepeats a set

offlow steps



See Appendix A, “webMethods Flow Steps” for a detailed description of each type of flow step provided by the webMethods flow language. For information about building each type of flow step, see Chapter 7, “Inserting Flow Steps”.

What Is the Pipeline?The pipeline is the general term used to refer to the data structure in which input and output values are maintained for a flow service. It allows services in the flow to share data.

The pipeline starts with the input to the flow service and collects inputs and outputs from subsequent services in the flow. When a service in the flow executes, it has access to all data in the pipeline at that point.

Control Steps

BRANCH Executes a specified flow step based on the value of a specified variable in the pipeline. For more information about this step, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160.

LOOP Executes a set of flow steps once for each element in a specified array. For more information about this step, see “The LOOP Step” on page 178.

REPEAT Re‐executes a set of flow steps up to a specified number of times based on the successful or non‐successful completion of the set. For more information about this step, see “The REPEAT Step” on page 170.

SEQUENCE Groups a set of flow steps into a series. The SEQUENCE step is implicit in most flow services (that is, the steps in a flow service are treated as a series). However, at times it is necessary to explicitly group a subset of flow steps using SEQUENCE so that they can be treated as a unit. For more information about this flow step, see “The SEQUENCE Step” on page 176.

EXIT Controls the execution of a flow step (for example, abort an entire flow service from within a series of deeply nested steps, throw an exception without writing a Java service, or exit a LOOP or REPEAT without throwing an exception). For more information about this step, see “The EXIT Step” on page 181.



The pipeline holds the input and output for a flow service

When you build a flow service, you use Developer to specify how information in the pipeline is mapped to and from services in the flow.

What Are Input and Output Parameters?Input and output parameters are the names and types of fields that the service requires as input and generates as output. For example, a service that takes two string values—an account number (AcctNum) and a dollar amount (OrderTotal)—as input and produces an authorization code (AuthCode) as output, has the following input and output parameters:

Input and output parameters define the fields that the service requires as input and generates as output

Part of the process of creating a service is declaring its input and output parameters (that is, explicitly specifying the fields it expects as input and produces as output).

Input OutputName Data Type Name Data TypeAcctNum String AuthCode StringOrderTotal String

INVOKE Purch:LogPO


INVOKE Purch:SendPO

Flow Service The Pipeline

Total:5732.78

ONum:46-77135

Name:Kings Sport

Phone:201-887-1544

TNum:128824993554

Acct:128824993554

AuthNum:TW99123554

Qty:20

Date:04/04/99

Item:PK8801-NS

OrderDate:19990404

Ship:UPS Ground

Terms:30N

Freight:65.00

Status:Received

INVOKE Purch:ConvertDate

output

output

output

output

input

input

input

input

Services in a flow get their input from and place their output in the pipeline.



A Process OverviewBuilding a flow service is a process that involves the following basic stages:

The remaining sections in this chapter and the following chapters provide detailed information about each stage.

Creating a New Flow ServiceThe first step you take when you build a flow service is to create a new service on the webMethods Integration Server where you do your development.

Package and Folder RequirementsBefore you create a new flow service, you must:

Make sure the package in which you want to create the flow service already exists. If the package does not already exist, create it using Developer. For more information about creating a package, see “Creating a Package” on page 72.

Creating a new service on webMethods Integration Server. During this stage, you create the new service on the webMethods Integration Server where you will do your development and testing. For information about this stage, see “Creating a New Flow Service” which follows.Inserting flow steps into the new service. During this stage, you specify the work that you want the service to perform by adding flow steps to the service. For information about this stage, see Chapter 7, “Inserting Flow Steps”.Declaring the input and output parameters of the service. During this stage, you define the service’s inputs and outputs. For information about this stage, see “Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a Service” on page 122.Mapping pipeline data. During this stage, you route input and output variables between services that are invoked in the flow. For information about this stage, see Chapter 8, “Mapping Data in a Flow Service”.Specifying the run-time parameters. During this stage, you assign parameters that configure the run‐time environment for this service. For information about this stage, see “Specifying Run‐Time Parameters” on page 129.Formatting service output. During this stage you can create an output template to format the service output. For information about this stage, see “Assigning an Output Template to a Service” on page 127 or refer to the Dynamic Server Pages and Output Templates Developer’s Guide.Testing and debugging. During this stage you can use the tools provided by Developer to test and debug your flow service. For information about this stage, see Chapter 11, “Testing and Debugging Services”.

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

Stage 6

Stage 7



Make sure the folder in which you want to create the service already exists and that you have Write ACL access to it. If the folder does not already exist, create it using Developer. For information about creating folders, see “Creating New Elements” on page 41. For information about ACL permissions, see Chapter 5, “Assigning and Managing Permissions”.

Once the package and folder are in place, use the File New command to start the process of creating a new service. For details, see “Creating New Elements” on page 41.

Using the Default Logic OptionsThe wizard that creates a new flow service gives you the option of starting with an empty flow (one that contains no predefined flow steps) or starting with a service that contains a set of default logic for extracting information from an HTML or XML document (a common flow‐service function).

If you are building a flow service that extracts data from an HTML or XML document, you can select an option to automatically generate the logic (that is, the set of flow steps) that will get data from a specified document, rather than building this logic manually.

Inserting Flow StepsFlow steps call previously built services and direct the flow of data within a flow service. You can insert flow steps into a flow service using the buttons at the top of the editor. For more information, see Chapter 7, “Inserting Flow Steps”.

Use this option... To...

Empty Flow Generate a flow service that does not have any logic.

Load and Query an HTML Page

Automatically generate a flow service that invokes the loadXMLNode service (which gets a document from a URL that you specify) and the queryXMLNode service (which extracts a specified set of elements from the document returned by loadXMLNode).

For additional information about the loadXMLNode and queryXMLNode services, see the XML Services Developer’s Guide.

Receive an XML Document

Automatically generate a service that receives an XML node as input. If you specify the format by providing a DTD or XML Schema definition, webMethods Developer maps the incoming document to its corresponding IS document type structure.

Important! The flow steps produced by these options are no different than those produced by manually inserting INVOKE loadXMLNode and INVOKE queryXMLNode steps in a flow service. After Developer inserts the set of default steps into your flow service, you can edit the default steps and insert additional steps just as you would any ordinary flow service.



Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a ServiceInput and output parameters are the names and data types of the fields that a service expects as input and generates as output. Some systems refer to input and output parameters as “imports” and “exports.” These parameters are also collectively referred to as a signature.

You declare input and output parameters for all types of services: flow services, Java services, and services written in other supported programming languages.

Although you are not required to declare input and output parameters for a service (the Integration Server will execute a service regardless of whether it has a specification or not), there are good reasons to do so:

Declaring parameters makes the service’s input and outputs visible to Developer. Without declared input and output parameters, you cannot:

Link data to and/or from the service using Developer’s Pipeline tab.

Assign default input values to the service on the Pipeline tab.

Validate the input and output values of the service at run time.

Test the service in Developer and enter initial input values.

Generate skeleton code for invoking the service from a client.

Declaring parameters makes the input and output requirements of your service known to other developers who may want to call your service from their programs.

For these reasons, we strongly recommend that you make it a practice to declare input and output parameters for every service that you create.

To insert a/an... Click this button...

INVOKE step

MAP step

BRANCH step

LOOP step

REPEAT step

SEQUENCE step

EXIT step



Supported Data TypeswebMethods Developer supports several data types for use in services. Each data type supported by Developer corresponds to a Java data type and has an associated icon. When working in the editor, you can determine the data type for a field by looking at the icon next to the field name.

For information about these data types and the editor icons that represent them, see Appendix C, “Supported Data Types”.

Specifying Input ParametersWhen you define the input parameters for a flow service, keep the following points in mind:

Specify all inputs that a calling program must supply to this flow service. For example, if a flow service invokes two other services, one that takes a field called AcctNum and another that takes OrderNum, you must define both AcctNum and OrderNum as input parameters for the flow service.

When possible, use variable names that match the names used by the services in the flow. Variables with the same name are automatically linked to one another in the pipeline. (Remember that variable names are case sensitive.) If you use the same variable names used by flow’s constituent services, you reduce the amount of manual data mapping that needs to be done. When you specify names that do not match the ones used by the constituent services, you must use the Pipeline tab to manually link them to one another. For information about the Pipeline tab, see “What Does the Pipeline Tab Contain?” on page 186.

Avoid using multiple inputs that have the same name. Although Developer permits you to declare multiple input parameters with the same name, the fields may not be processed correctly within the service or by services that invoke this service.

Make sure the variables match the data types of the variables they represent in the flow. For example, if a service in the flow expects a document list called LineItems, define that input variable as a document list. Or, if a service expects a Date object called EmploymentDate, define that input variable as an Object and apply the java.util.Date object constraint to it. For a complete description of the data types supported by Developer, see Appendix C, “Supported Data Types”.

Declared input variables appear automatically as inputs in the pipeline. When you select the first service or MAP step in the flow, the declared inputs appear under Pipeline In.

Note: The purpose of declaring input parameters is to define the inputs that a calling program or client must provide when it invokes this flow service. You do not need to declare inputs that are obtained from within the flow itself. For example, if the input for one service in the flow is derived from the output of another service in the flow, you do not need to declare that field as an input parameter.



Specifying Output ParametersOn the output side of the Input/Output tab you specify the variables that you want the flow to return to the calling program or client. The guidelines for defining the output parameters are similar to those for defining input parameters:

Specify all of the output variables that you want this flow service to return to the calling program or client.

Make sure the names of output variables match the names used by the services that produce them. Like input variables, if you do not specify names that match the ones produced by the flow’s constituent services, you must use the Pipeline tab to manually link them to one another. For information about the Pipeline tab, see “What Does the Pipeline Tab Contain?” on page 186.

Avoid using multiple outputs that have the same name. Although Developer permits you to declare multiple output parameters with the same name, the fields may not be processed correctly within the service or by services that invoke this service.

Make sure the variables match the data types of the variables they represent in the flow. For example, if a service produces a String called AuthorizationCode, make sure you define that variable as a String. Or, if a service produces a Long object called EmployeeID, define that output variable as an Object and apply the java.lang.Long object constraint to it. For a complete description of the data types supported by a service, see Appendix C, “Supported Data Types”.

Declared output variables appear automatically as outputs in the pipeline. When you select the last service or MAP step in a flow, the declared output variables appear under Pipeline Out.

Important! If you edit a cached service by changing the inputs (not the pipeline), you must reset the server cache. If you do not reset it, the old cached input parameters will be used at run time. To reset the service cache from Developer, select the service and then click the Reset button next to Reset Cache in the Properties panel. To reset the service cache from Integration Server Administrator, select Service Usage under Server in the Navigation panel. Select the name of the service and an information screen for that service appears. Click Reset Server Cache.

Note: If you intend to use this service with a Broker/local trigger or a JMS trigger, make sure the input signature conforms to the requirements for each of those trigger types. For more information about creating Broker/local triggers, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide. For more information about creating JMS triggers, see the webMethods Integration Server JMS Client Developer’s Guide.



Completing the Input/Output TabYou declare the input and output parameters for a service using the Input/Output tab. On the left side of this tab, you define the variables that the service requires as input. On the right side, you define the variables the service returns to the client or calling program.

Input/Output tab

For a flow service, the input side describes the initial contents of the pipeline. In other words, it specifies the variables that this flow service expects to find in the pipeline at run time. The output side identifies the variables produced by the flow service and returned to the pipeline.

You can complete the Input/Output tab in the following ways:

Reference a specification. A specification defines a set of service inputs and outputs. You can use a specification to define input and output parameters for multiple services. When you assign a specification to a service, you cannot add, delete, or modify the declared variables using the service’s Input/Output tab.

Reference an IS document type. You can use an IS document type to define the input or output parameters for a service. When you assign an IS document type to the Input or Output side of the Input/Output tab, you cannot add, modify, or delete the variables on that half of the tab.

You insert a reference to an IS document type in one of three ways:

By typing the fully qualified name of the IS document type in the Input or Output field

By clicking to select an IS document type from a list

By dragging an IS document type on the same server from the Navigation panel to the box below the Validate input or Validate output check boxes

With the first two methods, the variables within the IS document type become the input or output signature for the service. You cannot add, modify, or delete the variables on that half of the tab. With the third method, the IS document type

Define the flowservice’s input

parameterson this side...

...and output parameters on this side.



reference becomes the top‐level document in the signature. You cannot modify or delete the variables that are contained within the referenced IS document type but you can add other variables to that half of the tab.

Manually insert input and output variables. Use to specify the data type and name for each input and output variable for the service.

1 Open the service for which you want to declare input and output parameters.

2 In the editor, click the Input/Output tab for that service.

3 If you want to reference a specification, do the following:

a In the Specification Reference field, type the specification’s name or click to select it from a list. For more information about creating specifications, see “Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a Service” on page 122.

b Skip the rest of this procedure.

4 If you want to reference an IS document type for the input or output parameters of the service, do the following:

a In the Input or Output field (depending on which half of the specification you want to assign the IS document type to), type the IS document type name or click to select it from a list. You can also drag an IS document type from the Navigation panel to the box below the Validate input or Validate output check boxes.

b If you assigned an IS document type to both the Input and Output sides of the Input/Output tab, skip the rest of this procedure. Otherwise, continue to the next step to specify the variables in the other half of the tab.

5 For each input or output variable that you want to define, do the following:

a Select the half of the Input/Output tab (Input or Output) where you want to define the variable by clicking anywhere in that half’s large white text box.

b Click on the toolbar and select the type of variable that you want to define.

c Type the name of the variable and press ENTER.

To declare input and output parameters for a service

Important! When a specification is assigned to a service, you cannot add, delete, or modify the declared variables using the service’s Input/Output tab.

Important! When an IS document type is assigned to the Input or Output side, you cannot add, delete, or modify the declared variables on that half of the Input/Output tab.



d With the variable selected, set variable properties and apply constraints in the Properties panel (optional).

e If the variable is a document or a document list, repeat steps b–d to define and set the properties and constraints for each of its members. Use to indent each member beneath the document or document list variable.

6 If you want to enter any notes or comments about the input and output parameters, type your comments on the Comments tab.

Assigning an Output Template to a ServiceAn output template is a Web document, such as an HTML page, embedded with special codes (tags) that webMethods Integration Server processes. These tags instruct webMethods Integration Server to perform a specific action and substitute the result of that action in the Web document. Typically, you use tags in output templates to insert service output values in Web documents returned to clients.

Output templates are used most frequently to customize the HTML page that a service returns to a browser‐based application. However, they can also be used to generate an XML document or any other formatted string. For example, you may have a service that retrieves a record from a relational database and uses an output template to format it as an XML document or a comma‐delimited record before returning it to the requester.

When using output templates, keep in mind that:

A service can have at most one output template assigned to it at a time (you can dynamically change the output template assignment at run time, however).

You can assign the same output template to more than one service.

If you assign an existing output template to a service, the output template must reside in the IntegrationServer_directory\packages\packageName\templates directory, where packageName is the package in which the service is located.

You can reference one output template from within another.

You can specify the encoding in which to save the template (for example, SJIS, a type of Japanese encoding). The Integration Server is optimized for the UTF‐8 encoding. You should not change this setting unless you are sure that you want to use another encoding.

Note: Output templates are optional. If a service has an output template assigned to it, the server automatically applies the template to the results of the service (that is, the contents of the pipeline) whenever that service is invoked by an HTTP client. If a service does not have an output template, the server simply returns the results of the service in the body of an HTML document, formatted as a two‐column table.



1 Open the service to which you want to assign an output template.

2 In the editor, click the service’s title bar to give the service the focus.

3 In the Output template category of the Properties panel, do one of the following to update the Name field:

If you want to assign a new output template to the service, type the name of the new output template or accept the system default output template name of FolderName_ServiceName.

If you want to assign an existing output template to the service, type the file name of the existing output template. You do not need to include the path information or the file name extension.

4 In the Type list, do one of the following to specify the format for the output template:

5 Do one of the following:

If you assigned a new output template to the service, click New to create the output template.

If you assigned an existing output template to the service and you want to edit the template, click Edit.

Select the encoding used to create the template file and click OK. (By default, Developer uses UTF‐8 to create output template files.)

6 In the template dialog box, create or edit the output template by typing HTML, XML, WML, or HDML content, and/or by inserting template tags. For more information

To assign an output template to a service

Important! Make sure the existing output template resides in the IntegrationServer_directory\packages\packageName\templates directory, where packageName is the same package in which the service is located.

To... Select...

Assign an HTML output template to the service htmlAssign an XML output template to the service xmlAssign a WML output template to the service wmlAssign an HDML output template to the service hdml

Note: The Type you select determines the extension for the output template file (*.html, *.xml, *.wml, or *.hdml). In cases where the output is returned to a Web browser, the Type also determines the value of the HTTP “Content‐Type” header field (for example, “text/html,” “text/xml,” “text/vnd.wap.wml,” or “text/x‐hdml“).



about creating an output template, see the Dynamic Server Pages and Output Templates Developer’s Guide.

7 In the File Encoding list, select the encoding in which you want the template file saved. The encoding is used by the Integration Server to send the template to the browser and to interpret data posted in the resulting page in the browser.

The default encoding is Unicode (UTF8). You should not change this setting unless you are sure that you wish to use another encoding. The Integration Server is optimized for the UTF‐8 encoding. The encoding you choose also applies to any localized (translated) versions of the template that you may create, so you should choose a character encoding that supports all of the languages for which you will create localized templates. For details, see the Dynamic Server Pages and Output Templates Developer’s Guide.

If you do change this setting, make sure that your XML or HTML file contains the proper encoding or META tag for the encoding you use, as this may affect the browser or parser performance outside the Integration Server.

8 Click Save.

Specifying Run-Time ParametersAs a developer of a service, you can use the Properties panel to specify the following service parameters:

State of a service. You can maintain whether or not you want the server to treat it as a “stateless” service at run time.

Caching of service results. You can cache elements to reduce memory usage in Developer. For details, see “To cache elements” on page 66.

Execution locale of a service. You can set the type of locale in which the Integration Server executes at run time.

Note: The File Encoding you select limits the characters that you can use in your template (including the data inserted into your template using %VALUE% statements) to those in the character set of the encoding you choose. It also limits any translated versions of the templates to the same character set. Generally it is a good idea to use the UTF‐8 (Unicode) encoding, since Unicode supports nearly all of the characters in all of the worldʹs languages. You will not lose any data if you choose to save your template in UTF‐8; any data entered into a form will be properly interpreted by the Integration Server.

Important! After editing a template in Developer, do not edit it outside of Developer. This will affect the interpretation of the encoding settings and may result in characters being lost or misinterpreted.



Maintaining the State of a ServiceWhen a remote client opens a session on a webMethods Integration Server, the server automatically builds a session object for that client. The server uses this object to maintain specific information about the client requesting the service, such as user name and password. The server maintains the session object for the duration of the session (that is, until the client program explicitly closes the session on the server or the session times out due to client inactivity).

When you develop services in a language such as Java, C/C++, or Visual Basic, you can use the “put” method to write information to the session object. You might do this to store information that a sequence of services needs to maintain a connection to an external system.

A service that is an atomic unit of work (that is, one that is wholly self contained and not part of a multi‐service transaction to an external system) does not to need to have its session object maintained when it is finished executing. For performance reasons, you may want to configure these types of services to run in “stateless” mode. Services that run in “stateless” mode use fewer resources and do not consume a licensed seat on webMethods Integration Server.

1 Open the service that you want to configure.


3 In the Runtime category of the Properties panel, do one of the following to set the Stateless property:

If the service is a self‐contained, atomic unit of work and does not need access to state information, select True. The server will remove the client session immediately after the service executes, and no session information will be maintained for the service.

If the service is part of a multi‐service transaction or if you are unsure of its state requirements, select False. The server will build and maintain a session object for this service.

Important! The Runtime properties on the Properties panel should only be set by someone who is thoroughly familiar with the structure and operation of the selected service. Improper use of these options can lead to a service failure at run time and/or the return of invalid data to the client program.

Important! Do not use the stateless option unless you are certain that the service operates as an atomic unit of work. If you are unsure, set the Stateless property in the Runtime category to False.

To configure a service’s run-time state



Configuring a Service’s Use of CacheCaching is an optimization feature that can improve the performance of stateless services. When you enable caching for a service, webMethods Integration Server saves the entire contents of the pipeline after invoking the service in a local cache for the period of time that you specify. The pipeline includes the output fields explicitly defined in the cached service, as well as any output fields produced by earlier services in the flow. When the server receives subsequent requests for a service with the same set of input values, it returns the cached result to the client rather than invoking the service again.

Caching can significantly improve response time of services. For example, services that retrieve information from busy data sources such as high‐traffic commercial Web servers could benefit from caching. The server can cache the results for flows, Java services, and C/C++ services.

Types of Services to CacheWhile caching service results can improve performance, not all services should be cached. You should never cache services if the cached results might be incorrect for subsequent invocations or if the service performs tasks that must be executed each time the service is invoked. This section describes guidelines for you to consider when determining whether to cache the results for a service.

Services Suited for Caching

Services that require no state information. If a service does not depend on state information from an earlier transaction in the client’s session, you can cache its results.

Services that retrieve data from data sources that are updated infrequently. Services whose sources are updated on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis are good candidates for caching.

Services that are invoked frequently with the same set of inputs. If a service is frequently invoked by clients using the same input values, it is beneficial to cache the results.

Services that You Should Not Cache

Services that perform required processing. Some services contain processing that must be processed each time a client invokes it. For example, if a service contains accounting logic to perform charge back and you cache the service results, the server does not execute the service, so the service does not perform charge back for the subsequent invocations of the service.

Services that require state information. Do not cache services that require state information from an earlier transaction, particularly information that identifies the client that invoked it. For example, you do not want to cache a service that produced

Note: Caching is only available for data that can be written to Repository version 4. Since nodes cannot be written to Repository version 4, they cannot be cached.



a price list for office equipment if the prices in the list vary depending on the client who initially connects to the data source.

Services that retrieve information from frequently updated sources. If a service retrieves data from a data source that is updated frequently, the cached results can become outdated. Do not cache services that retrieve information from sources that are updated in real time or near real time, such as stock quote systems or transactional databases.

Services that are invoked with unique inputs. If a service handles a large number of unique inputs and very few repeated requests, you will gain little by caching its results. You might even degrade server performance by quickly consuming large amounts of memory.

Controlling a Service’s Use of CacheYou use the properties on the Properties panel to enable caching and to configure the way in which you want it to operate with the selected service. You use these settings to strike the right balance between data currency and memory usage. To gauge the effectiveness of your cache settings, you can monitor its performance by viewing service statistics with the Integration Server Administrator and then adjusting your caching values accordingly.

Specifying the Duration of a Cached ResultThe server maintains results in cache for the period of time you specify in the Cache expire property on the Properties panel. The expiration timer begins when the server initially caches a result, and it expires when the time you specify elapses. (The server does not reset the expiration timer each time it satisfies a service request with a cached result.) The minimum cache expiration time is one minute.

Note: If you do not have administrator privileges on your webMethods Integration Server, work with your server administrator to monitor and evaluate your service’s use of cache.

Important! If you edit a cached service by changing the inputs (not the pipeline), you must reset the server cache. If you do not reset it, the old cached input parameters will be used at run time. To reset the service cache from Developer, select the service and then click the Reset button next to Reset Cache in the Properties panel. To reset the service cache from Integration Server Administrator, select Service Usage under Server in the Navigation panel. Select the name of the service and an information screen for that service appears. Click Reset Server Cache.

Note: The cache may not be refreshed at the exact time specified in Cache expire. It may vary from 0 to 15 seconds, according to the cache sweeper thread. For details, see the watt.server.cache.flushMins setting in webMethods Integration Server.



Using the Prefetch OptionYou use the Prefetch property to specify whether or not you want the server to automatically refresh the cache for this service when it expires. If you set Prefetch to True, the server automatically re‐executes the service (using the same set of inputs as before) to update its results in cache. This action also resets the cache expiration timer.

When you enable Prefetch, you must also set the Prefetch activation property to specify when the server should initiate a prefetch. This setting specifies the minimum number of times a cached result must be accessed (hit) in order for the server to prefetch results. If the server retrieves the cached results fewer times than specified in the Prefetch activation property, the server will not prefetch the service results when the cache expires.

1 Open the service for which you want to configure caching.


3 In the Runtime category of the Properties panel, set Cache results to True.

4 In the Cache expire field, type an integer representing the length of time (in minutes) that you want the results for this service to be available in cache.

5 If you want to use prefetch, do the following:

a Set Prefetch to True.

b In the Prefetch activation property, specify the minimum number of hits needed to activate the use of prefetch.

Important! Use Prefetch carefully. Overuse can quickly exhaust the memory available for cache.

Important! Do not use Prefetch with Java or C/C++ services that invoke access‐controlled services. Such services will fail during prefetch because the embedded service will be invoked without the proper access privileges. To avoid this problem, enable Prefetch on the invoked services rather than on the Java or C/C++ services that call them.

Note: The cache may not be refreshed at the exact time the last hit fulfills the Prefetch activation requirement. It may vary from 0 to 15 seconds, according to the cache sweeper thread. For details, see the watt.server.cache.flushMins setting in webMethods Integration Server.

To enable caching of pipeline contents after a service is invoked



Specifying the Execution LocaleWhen you create a service, you can set the locale property to indicate the locale policy in which the service executes at run time. The locale policy of a service refers to the language, regional, or cultural settings of a specific target market (the end user). Each locale consists of five sections: language, extended language, script, region, and variant.

Locales can influence the following:

String display of numeric values and date/time values

Parsing of dates and numbers from strings

Default currency (pounds, Euros, dollars)

Default measuring system (metric or customary)

Default system resources (such as fonts, character encoding, etc.)

Collation (sorting) of lists

User interface/content language

The Integration Server recognizes the following locale policies at run time:

Server locale uses its default JVM locale.

User locale uses the client locale.

Root locale uses neutral or POSIX locale.

Null locale uses no locale policy.

You can also enable the Integration Server to recognize custom locales. By default, the service uses the null locale. That is, it uses no locale policy.

1 Open the service that you want to configure.


3 In the Runtime category of the Properties panel, do one of the following to specify the Execution Locale property:

To specify the execution locale of a service

Select... To...

[$default] Default Runtime Locale Use the server’s default JVM locale.

[$user] Default User Locale Use the client locale.

[$null] No Locale Policy Use no locale policy.

[root locale] Use the neutral or POSIX locale.

[<ISO code>] <Language> Use a specific locale.

Open locale editor... Define a custom locale.



4 If you selected Open locale editor, complete the following in the Define Custom Locale dialog box.

5 Click OK. The Integration Server will execute the service in the specified locale.

Configuring Service RetryWhen building a service, you can configure the service to retry automatically if the service fails because of an ISRuntimeException. An ISRuntimeException occurs when the service catches and wraps a transient error, and then re‐throws it as an ISRuntimeException. A transient error is an error that arises from a temporary condition that might be resolved or restored quickly, such as the unavailability of a resource due to network issues or failure to connect to a database. The service might execute successfully if the Integration Server waits a short interval of time and then retries the service.

To configure a service to retry, you specify the maximum retry attempts and the retry interval. The maximum retry attempts indicate how many attempts the Integration Server makes to re‐execute the service when it ends because of an ISRuntimeException. The retry interval indicates the length of time (in milliseconds) that the Integration Server waits between execution attempts.

At run time, when a service throws an ISRuntimeException, the Integration Server waits the length of the retry interval and then re‐executes the service using the original input pipeline passed to the service. The Integration Server continues to retry the service until the service executes successfully or the Integration Server makes the maximum number of retry attempts. If the service throws an ISRuntimeException during the final retry attempt, the Integration Server treats the last failure as a service error. The service ends with a service exception.

Integration Server generates the following journal log message between retry attempts: [ISS.0014.0031V3] Service serviceName failed with ISRuntimeException. Retry x of y will begin in retryInterval milliseconds.

In this field... Do the following...

Language Select one of the ISO 639 codes that represent the language. (2‐ or 3‐letter codes)

Extended Language For future release.

Script Optional. Select one of the 4‐letter script codes in the ISO 15924 registry.

Region Optional. Select one of the ISO 3166‐2 country codes.

IANA Variant Optional. Add or remove a variant code registered by the IANA.



About the Maximum Retry PeriodThe Integration Server uses the same server thread for the initial service execution and the subsequent retry attempts. The Integration Server returns the thread to the server thread pool only when the service executes successfully or the retry attempts are exhausted. To prevent the execution and re‐execution of a single service from monopolizing a server thread for a long time, the Integration Server enforces a maximum retry period when you configure service retry properties. The maximum retry period indicates the total amount of time that can elapse if the Integration Server makes the maximum retry attempts. By default, the maximum retry period is 15,000 milliseconds (15 seconds).

When you configure service retry, the Integration Server verifies that the retry period for that service will not exceed the maximum retry period. The Integration Server determines the retry period for the service by multiplying the maximum retry attempts by the retry interval. If this value exceeds the maximum retry period, Developer displays an error indicating that either the maximum attempts or the retry interval needs to be modified.

Setting Service Retry PropertiesWhen configuring service retry, keep the following points in mind:

You can configure retry attempts for flow services, Java services, and C services only.

Only top‐level services can be retried. That is, a service can be retried only when it is invoked directly by a client request. The service cannot be retried when it is invoked by another service (that is, when it is a nested service).

If a service is invoked by a trigger (that is, the service is functioning as a trigger service), the Integration Server uses the trigger retry properties instead of the service retry properties.

Unlike triggers, you cannot configure a service to retry until successful.

Note: If service auditing is also configured for the service, the Integration Server adds an entry to the audit log for each failed retry attempt. Each of these entries will have a status of “Retried” and an error message of “Null”. However, if the Integration Server makes the maximum retry attempts and the service still fails, the final audit log entry for the service will have a status of “Failed” and will display the actual error message.

Note: The watt.server.invoke.maxRetryPeriod server parameter specifies the maximum retry period. To change the maximum retry period, change the value of this parameter.



To catch a transient error and re‐throw it as an ISRuntimeException, the service must do one of the following:

If the service is a flow service, the service must invoke pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry. For more information about the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

If the service is written in Java, the service can use com.wm.app.b2b.server.ISRuntimeException ( ). For more information about constructing ISRuntimeExceptions in Java services, see webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference for the com.wm.app.b2b.server.ISRuntimeException class.

The service retry period must be less than the maximum retry period. For more information, see “About the Maximum Retry Period” on page 136.

1 Open the service for which you want to configure service retry.


3 Under the Retry on ISRuntimeException category of the Properties panel, in the Max attempts property, specify the number of times the Integration Server should attempt to re‐execute the service. The default is 0, which indicates that the Integration Server does not attempt to re‐execute the service.

4 In the Retry interval property, specify the number of milliseconds the Integration Server should wait between retry attempts. The default is 0 milliseconds, which indicates that the Integration Server re‐executes the service immediately.


Assigning Universal Names to ServicesEvery service on a webMethods Integration Server has a universal name in addition to its regular webMethods name. A universal name is a unique public identifier that external protocols (such as SOAP) use to reference a service on a webMethods Integration Server.

A universal name has two parts: a namespace name and a local name.

The namespace name is a qualifier that distinguishes a webMethods service from other resources on the Internet. For example, there might be many resources with the name AcctInfo. A namespace name distinguishes one AcctInfo resource from another by

To configure service retry

Tip! You can invoke the pub.flow:getRetryCount service to retrieve the current retry count and the maximum specified retry attempts. For more information about this service, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference. For more information about building a service that retries, see “Configuring Service Retry” on page 135.



specifying the name of the collection to which it belongs, similar to the way in which a state or province name serves to distinguish cities with the same name (for example, Springfield, Illinois, versus Springfield, Ontario).

Like namespaces in XML, the namespace portion of a universal name is expressed as a URI. This notation assures uniqueness, because URIs are based on globally unique domain names.

The namespace portion of the universal name can consist of any combination of characters that form a valid absolute URI (relative URIs are not supported). For example, the following are all valid namespace names:

http://www.gsx.comhttp://www.gsx.com/gl/journalshttp://www.ugmed.ch/résumè

For a complete description of what makes up a valid URI, see RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt.

The local name uniquely identifies a service within the collection encompassed by a particular namespace. Many webMethods users use a service’s unqualified name as its local name. Under this scheme, a service named gl.journals:closeGL would have a local name of closeGL.

Local names follow the same construction rules as NCNames in XML. Basically, a local name can be composed of any combination of letters, digits, or the following symbols:

Additionally, the local name must begin with a letter or an underscore. The following are examples of valid local names:

addCustOrderauthorize_Level1générent

For specific rules relating to NCNames, see “NCName” definition in the Namespaces in XML specification at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC‐xml‐names‐19990114.

A universal name can be either an explicit or an implicit universal name.

An explicit universal name is a universal name that you assign to a service by specifying both a namespace name and a local name in the Properties panel.

. (period)

‐ (dash)

_ (underscore)


http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt


An implicit universal name is automatically derived from the name of the service itself, and it acts as the universal name when an explicit universal name has not been specified. The server derives an implicit name as follows:

The namespace name is the literal string http://localhost/ followed by the fully qualified name of the folder in which the service resides on the Integration Server.

The local name is the unqualified name of the service.

For details on universal names, see the SOAP Developer’s Guide.

1 Open the service whose universal name you want to assign, edit, or view.


3 If you want to assign or edit the service’s universal name, specify the following in the Universal Name category of the Properties panel:


Note: The server normalizes universal names according to Unicode Normalization Form C, as recommended by the Character Model, SOAP, and XML standards. This ensures that names containing non‐ASCII characters (particularly those with accented or combining characters) are represented in a standard way.

For information about normalization, see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/ (Unicode Standard Annex #15) and http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/ (Character Model for the World‐Wide Web).

To assign, edit, or view a universal name


Namespace name The URI that will be used to qualify the name of this service. You must specify a valid absolute URI.

Local name A name that uniquely identifies the service within the collection encompassed by Namespace name. The name can be composed of any combination of letters, digits, or the period (.), dash (‐) and underscore (_) characters. Additionally, it must begin with a letter or the underscore character.

Note: Many webMethods users use the unqualified portion of the service name as the local name.

Note: If you move a service, or a folder containing a service, Developer retains the service’s explicit universal name. If you copy a service, or a folder containing a service, Developer does not retain the service’s explicit universal name.


http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/

http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/


1 Open the service whose universal name you want to delete.


3 In the Universal Name category of the Properties panel, clear the settings in the Namespace name and Local name fields.


Configuring Service AuditingService auditing is a feature in the Integration Server that you can use to track which services executed, when services started and completed, and whether services succeeded or failed. You perform service auditing by analyzing the data stored in the audit log. The audit log can contain entries for service start, service end, and service failure. The audit log can also contain a copy of the input pipeline used to invoke the service. At run time, services generate audit data at predefined points. The Integration Server captures the generated audit data and stores it in the audit log. If the audit log is a database, you can reinvoke services using the webMethods Monitor.

Each service has a set of auditing properties located in the Audit category on the service’s Properties panel. These properties determine when a service generates audit data and what data is stored in the audit log. For each service, you can decide:

Whether the service should generate audit data during execution.

The points during service execution when the service should generate audit data to be saved in the audit log.

Whether to include a copy of the service input pipeline in the audit log.

Audit properties for a service

Keep in mind that generating audit data can impact performance. The Integration Server uses the network to send the audit data to the audit log and uses memory to actually save

To delete a universal name

Note: When the Integration Server logs an entry for a service, the log entry contains the identify of the server that executed the service. The server ID in the log entry always uses the Integration Server primary port, even if a service is executed using another (non‐primary) Integration Server port.

Specifies if a servicegenerates audit

data. Specifies when a service generates audit data during execution.

Specifies when toinclude the pipeline

in the audit log.



the data in the audit log. If a large amount of data is saved, performance can be impacted. When you configure audit data generation for services, you should balance the need for audit data against the potential performance impact.

The following sections describe the options for generating audit data and the potential performance impact of each option.

Enabling Auditing for a ServiceWhen you configure service auditing, you first must decide whether you want to be able to audit the service. That is, do you want the service to generate audit data to be captured in the audit log? If so, you must decide whether the service will generate audit data every time it executes or only when it is invoked directly by a client request (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.) or a trigger.

The following table describes each option for the Enable auditing property in the Properties panel. Keep in mind that whenever a service generates audit data, performance can be impacted.

Note: The audit log can be a flat file or a database. If you use a database, the database must support JDBC. You can use the Integration Server to view the audit log whether it is a flat file or a database. If the audit log is a database, you can also use the webMethods Monitor to view audit data and reinvoke the service. Before you configure service auditing, check with your Integration Server Administrator to learn what kind of audit log exists. For more information about the audit log, see the webMethods Logging Guide.

Enable auditing option Description

Never The service never generates audit data. Select this option if you do not want to be able to audit this service.

When top-level service only The service generates audit data only when it is invoked directly by a client request or by a trigger. The service does not generate audit data when it is invoked by another service (that is, when it is a nested service).

Always The service generates audit data every time it is invoked. Select this option if the service is a critical service that you want to be able to audit every time it executes.



Specifying When Audit Data Is GeneratedWhen you configure service auditing, you can specify the points when the service generates audit data. You might want a service to produce audit data when it starts, when it ends successfully, when it fails, or a combination of these. Use the options in the Log on property on the Properties panel to specify when a service generates audit data.

The following table describes each option in the Log on property. Keep in mind that every time the service generates audit data, the Integration Server must capture the data and write it to the audit log. This can degrade performance.

Tip! When a service generates audit data, it also produces an audit event. If you want the audit event to cause another action to be performed, such as sending an e‐mail notification, write an event handler. Then subscribe the event handler to audit events. For more information about events and event handlers, see Chapter 14, “Subscribing to Events”.

Log on option Description

Error only The service generates audit data only when the service ends because of a failure. If the service executes successfully, it will not generate audit data.

Performance Impact: This option impacts performance only when the service fails. When a service executes successfully, this option does not impact performance. This option offers the smallest performance impact of all the options under Log on.

Error and success

The service generates audit data when the service finishes executing, regardless of whether it ends because of success or failure. The audit log will contain an entry for every time the service finishes processing.

Performance Impact: This option impacts performance every time the service executes, whether it ends because of error or success. If you are concerned only with services that fail, consider using the Error only option instead.

Error, success, and start

The service generates audit data when it begins executing and when it finishes executing. When the service executes to completion, the audit log will contain a start entry and an end or error entry.

Generally, most services execute fairly quickly. By the time an administrator views the audit log using webMethods Monitor, the audit log would probably contain entries for the start and end of service execution. Situations where you might want the service to generate audit data at the start and end of service execution include:

To check for the start of long‐running services

To detect service hangs.



Including the Pipeline in the Audit LogWhen you configure service auditing, you can specify whether the server should include a copy of the service’s input pipeline in the audit log. If the audit log contains a copy of the input pipeline, you can use the webMethods Monitor to perform more extensive failure analysis, examine the service’s input data, or reinvoke the service. Use the options in the Include pipeline property on the Properties panel to specify when the Integration Server should save a copy of the input pipeline in the audit log.

The pipeline data saved in the audit log is the state of the pipeline just before the invocation of the service. It is not the state of the pipeline at the point the service generates audit data.

In both situations, if service execution began but did not complete, the audit log contains an entry for the start of the service, but no entry for the end of the service.

Performance Impact: Of all the options under Log on, this option provides the most verbose and expensive type of audit logging. Every time it executes, the service generates audit data at two points: the beginning and the end. The Integration Server must write the audit data to the audit log twice per service execution. This requires significantly more disk utilization than the Error only and Error and success options. At most, the Error only and Error and success options require the Integration Server to write audit data once per service execution.

Note: The service generates audit data only when it satisfies the selected option under Enable auditing and the selected option in the Log on property. For example, if When top-level service only is selected and the service is not the root service in the flow service, it will not generate audit data.

Log on option Description



When Is a Copy of the Input Pipeline Saved in the Audit Log?The Integration Server saves a copy of the input pipeline only if the service generates audit data and the service satisfies the option selected in the Include pipeline property. For example, ServiceA has the following settings on the Properties panel.

Audit log settings for ServiceA

The audit log will contain the input pipeline for ServiceA only if it is the top‐level service (invoked directly by a client or a trigger) and the service ends because of failure. If ServiceA is not the top‐level service or if ServiceA executes successfully, the audit log will not contain a copy of the input pipeline.

The following table describes the options in the Include pipeline property on the Properties panel. Keep in mind that saving the input pipeline to the audit log can impact the performance of the Integration Server.

Note: Including the pipeline in the audit log is more beneficial when the audit log is a database. The Integration Server can save the pipeline to a flat file audit log; however, you will not be able to use the pipeline data to reinvoke the service or perform failure analysis.

Include pipeline Description

Never The Integration Server will never save a copy of the service’s input pipeline to the audit log. Select this option if you are using a flat file for the audit log or if you do not want to be able to resubmit the service to the Integration Server.

Performance Impact: This option requires minimal network bandwidth because the Integration Server needs to send only the audit data generated by the service to the audit log.

The audit log willcontain audit and

pipeline data for thisservice only if the

service is invoked bya client or trigger

and...

...the service fails.



On errors only The Integration Server saves a copy of the input pipeline to the audit log only when the service generates audit data because of failure. Select this option if you want to use the resubmission capabilities of the webMethods Monitor to reinvoke a failed service. For more information about webMethods Monitor, see the webMethods Monitor documentation.

Performance Impact: For successful service invocations, the On errors only option requires minimal network bandwidth. Service invocations that end in failure require more network bandwidth because the Integration Server must save the audit data and the input pipeline. The actual network bandwidth needed depends on the size of the initial input pipeline. A large pipeline can degrade performance because it may negatively impact the rate at which the data is saved to the audit log.

Always The Integration Server saves a copy of the input pipeline to the audit log every time the service generates audit data. If the service generates data at the start and end of execution (Log on is set to Error, success, and start), the input pipeline is saved with the audit log entry for the start of service execution. If a service does not generate audit data, the Integration Server does not include a copy of the input pipeline.

Select the Always option if you want to be able to use the resubmission capabilities of the webMethods Monitor to reinvoke the service, regardless of whether the original service invocation succeeded or failed. Including the pipeline can be useful if a resource experiences a fatal failure (such as hard disk failure). To restore the resource to its pre‐failure state, you could resubmit all the service invocations that occurred since the last time the resource was backed up. This is sometimes called a full audit for recovery.

Performance Impact: The Always option is the most expensive option under Include pipeline. This option places the greatest demand on network bandwidth because the Integration Server must write a copy of the input pipeline to the audit log every time a service executes. The actual network bandwidth needed depends on the size of the initial input pipeline. A large input pipeline can negatively impact the rate at which the data is saved to the audit log.

Note: If you want audit events generated by a service to pass a copy of the input pipeline to any subscribed event handlers, select On errors only or Always.

Include pipeline Description



Service Auditing Use CasesBefore you set properties in the Audit category on the Properties panel, decide what type of auditing you want to perform. That is, decide what you want to use the audit log for. The following sections describe four types of auditing and identify the Audit properties you would select to be able to perform that type of auditing.

Error AuditingIn error auditing, you use the audit log to track and reinvoke failed services. To use the audit log for error auditing, services must generate audit data when errors occur, and the Integration Server must save a copy of the service’s input pipeline in the audit log.

With webMethods Monitor, you can only reinvoke top‐level services (those services invoked directly by a client or by a Broker/local trigger). Therefore, if your intent with error auditing is to reinvoke failed services, the service needs to generate audit data only when it is the top‐level service and it fails.

To make sure the audit log contains the information needed to perform error auditing, select the following Audit properties.

To use the audit log for error auditing, use a database as the audit log.

Service AuditingWhen you perform service auditing, you use the audit log to track which services execute successfully and which services fail. You can perform service auditing to analyze the audit log and determine how often a service executes, how many times it succeeds, and how many times it fails. To use the audit log for service auditing, services need to generate audit data after execution ends.

For this property... Select this option...

Enable auditing When top-level service only

Note: If you want to be able to audit all failed invocations of this service, select Always.

Include pipeline On errors onlyLog on Error only



To make sure the audit log contains the information needed to perform service auditing, select the following Audit properties.

To use the audit log for service auditing, you can use either a flat file or a database as the audit log.

Auditing for RecoveryAuditing for recovery involves using the audit log to track executed services and service input data so that you can reinvoke the services. You might want to audit for recovery in the event that a resource experiences a fatal failure, and you want to restore the resource to its pre‐failure state by resubmitting service invocations.

When auditing for recovery, you want to be able to resubmit failed and successful services. The audit log needs to contain an entry for each service invoked by a client request or a trigger. The audit log also needs to contain a copy of each service’s input pipeline.

To use the audit log to audit for recovery, select the following Audit properties.

To use the audit log to audit for recovery, use a database for the audit log.

Auditing Long-Running ServicesIf a service takes a long time to process, you might want to use the audit log to verify that service execution started. If the audit log contains a start entry for the service but no end or error entry, then you know that service execution began but did not complete. To enable auditing of long‐running services, select the Error, success, and start option for the Log on property.


Enable auditing When top-level service only Include pipeline Never

Note: Configure a service to save a copy of the input pipeline only if you intend to reinvoke the service using the resubmission capabilities of the webMethods Monitor.

Log on Error and success


Enable auditing When top-level service only Include pipeline Always Log on Error and success



Setting Auditing Options for a ServiceThe following procedure explains how to set auditing options for a service. The options you select determine if and when a service generates audit data, and whether the audit log includes a copy of the service’s input pipeline. Make sure that you select options that will provide the audit log with the audit data you require.

1 Open the service for which you want to configure service auditing. To configure service auditing, you must have write access to the service and own the lock on the service.


3 In the Audit category of the Properties panel, select an Enable auditing option to indicate when you want the service to generate audit data.

For more information about the Enable auditing options, see “Enabling Auditing for a Service” on page 141.

4 For Include pipeline, select an option to indicate when the Integration Server should include a copy of the input pipeline in the audit log.

For more information about the Include pipeline options, including information about the performance impact, see “Including the Pipeline in the Audit Log” on page 143.

5 For Log on, select an option to determine when the service generates audit data.

For more information about the Log on options, including information about the performance impact, see “Specifying When Audit Data Is Generated” on page 142.


Note: Typically, you will audit long‐running services in conjunction with error auditing, service auditing, or auditing for recovery.

Important! Before you select options for generating audit data, check with your Integration Server Administrator to determine what kind of audit log exists. An audit log can be a flat file or a database.

To set auditing options for a service

Note: If you want audit events generated by this service to pass a copy of the input pipeline to any subscribed event handlers, select On errors only or Always.

Important! The options you select in the Audit category of the Properties panel can be overwritten at run time by the value of the watt.server.auditLog server property.



Audit Level Settings in Earlier Versions of Developer In earlier versions of Developer, you could configure audit level settings using the Audit level field on the Settings tab. In this field, you could select one of three audit levels for a service: off, brief, or verbose. Because the auditing options on the Properties panel offer more control over the generation of audit data, the audit level settings are no longer available. Each of the earlier Audit level settings corresponds to a combination of options on the Properties panel.

The following table indicates how the Audit level values from webMethods Developer 4.6 (and earlier) correspond to the properties on the Properties panel.

Printing a Flow ServiceThe following procedure describes how to use the View as HTML command to produce a printable version of a flow service. This lets you see all aspects of a flow (its input and output parameters, its flow steps, and pipeline behavior) in a single document.

Audit Level in Developer 4.x Enable auditing Include pipeline Log on

None Never Never ‐‐

Brief Always Never Error, success, and startVerbose Always Always Error, success, and start



A flow report lets you view all aspects of the flow service at once

1 In the editor, select the service that you want to print.

2 From the File menu, click View as HTML.

3 If you want to print the flow, select your browser’s print command.

To print a flow service

Note: When you print a flow service as HTML, only the flow steps currently visible in the editor appear in the resulting HTML page. To fit all of the steps in a flow service into the editor (and therefore, into a single HTML page), hide the Navigation, Recent Elements, Properties, and Results panels to maximize the editor.

Input/Outputparameters

Body of the flow

Details of eachflow step


7 Inserting Flow Steps

What Is a Flow Step? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Inserting and Moving Flow Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

The INVOKE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

The BRANCH Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

The REPEAT Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

The SEQUENCE Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

The LOOP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

The EXIT Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

The MAP Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183



What Is a Flow Step?A flow step is the basic unit of work that instructs webMethods Integration Server about what to do with data at each stage of a flow service. Flow steps can invoke services and direct the course of execution. Using flow steps you can:

Invoke a service, such as a flow service, Java service, C service, or Web service connector (INVOKE).

Conditionally execute one step from a set of specified alternatives (BRANCH).

Repeat a set of flow steps up to a specified number of times or until a step in the set fails or succeeds as specified (REPEAT).

Group a set of flow steps and control the way in which the failure of a member of the set is processed (SEQUENCE).

Repeat a set of flow steps over the elements of a specified array (LOOP).

Exit the entire flow or exit a single flow step (EXIT).

Link, add, edit, and delete pipeline variables or invoke several services that operate on the same set of pipeline variables (MAP).

Inserting and Moving Flow StepsTo insert flow steps in a flow service, you must open the service in the editor. The flow steps in the service are listed in the editor. (If you just created the service and it does not yet contain any default logic, the editor is empty).



Displaying the steps in a flow service

You insert flow steps into a service using the following toolbar buttons at the top of the editor. (You cannot directly type a flow step into the editor. All editing is performed through the toolbar).

Note: You might find it helpful to declare the input and output parameters for a flow service before you insert flow steps. By first declaring the parameters, it is clear what data the service expects and what variables are available for use in flow steps.

To insert a/an... Click this button... For more information, see page...

INVOKE step 157

MAP step 183

BRANCH step 160

LOOP step 178

REPEAT step 170

Flow steps aredisplayed in

the editor.



Changing the Position of a Flow StepFlow steps run in the order in which they appear in the editor. To move a step up or down in a flow service, first select that step in the editor and then use the arrow buttons on the toolbar to move the step up or down in the list.

You can also move a flow step by dragging it up or down with your mouse or by using the Shift commands on the Compose menu.

Changing the Level of a Flow StepSome flow steps have subordinate steps on which they operate. Subordinate steps are referred to as children. For example, when you use the LOOP step, the set of steps that make up the loop are referred to as children of that LOOP step.

Children are specified by indenting them beneath their parent flow step. In the following example, the top LOOP step has nine children. Note that one of its children is a BRANCH step, which has its own set of children.

SEQUENCE step 176

EXIT step 181

Note: If you select an existing step in the editor before inserting a new one, Developer inserts the new step below the one that is selected. If you do not have a step selected, it adds the new step to the end of the flow. You can move a step to a new location using the arrow buttons on the toolbar. See the following section, “Changing the Position of a Flow Step”.

To... Click this button...

Move the flow step up in the list

Move the flow step down in the list

To insert a/an... Click this button... For more information, see page...



Child steps are indented beneath their parent step

To promote or demote a flow step within a parent/child hierarchy, select the step in the editor, and then use one of the following buttons to move it left or right beneath the current parent step.

To... Click this button...

Demote a flow step in the hierarchy (that is, make the selected step a child of the preceding parent step)

This button will only be available if you select a step that can become a child.

Promote a flow step in the hierarchy (that is, move the step one level up in the hierarchy)

These steps are“children” of theBRANCH step.

This step is a“child” of the LOOP

step.



Setting the Properties of a Flow StepEvery flow step is associated with a unique set of properties. The properties for a flow step are displayed in the Properties panel. Values that you specify in the Properties panel apply only to the selected step in the editor.

Properties of a flow step

Although each type of flow step has a set of unique properties, they all have the following properties:

For a complete description of the properties associated with each flow step, see Appendix A, “webMethods Flow Steps”.

Property Description

Comments Assigns an optional descriptive comment to the selected flow step.

Label Assigns a name to the selected flow step. When a label is assigned, that label appears next to the step in the editor. The label allows you to reference that flow step in other flow steps. In addition, you use the label to control the behavior of certain flow steps. For example, the BRANCH step uses the Label property to determine which alternative it is supposed to execute.

See “The BRANCH Step” on page 160 and “The EXIT Step” on page 181 for additional information about this use of the label property.

Use theProperties

panel to viewand set the

properties of aflow step.



The INVOKE StepUse the INVOKE step to request a service within a flow. You can use the INVOKE step to:

Invoke any type of service, including other flow services and Web service connectors.

Invoke any service for which the caller of the current flow has access rights on the local webMethods Integration Server.

Invoke built‐in services and services on other webMethods Integration Servers.

Invoke flow services recursively (that is, a flow service that calls itself). If you use a flow service recursively, bear in mind that you must provide a means to end the recursion.

Invoke any service, validating its input and/or output. For details, see “Performing Input/Output Validation” on page 259.

Flow service containing INVOKE steps

Specifying the Service PropertyThe INVOKE step’s Service property specifies which service will be invoked at run time. When you insert an INVOKE step, Developer automatically assigns the name of that service to the Service property.

If you want to change the service assigned to an INVOKE step, you edit the Service property. You edit this property in one of two ways:

By clicking the Service property’s edit button ( ) and selecting a service from the Select dialog box. This is the preferred method.

By typing the name of a service in the Service text box. When you specify a service in this manner, keep the following points in mind:

You must specify the service’s fully qualified name in folderName:serviceName format.

Example purchasing.orders:getOrders

You must specify the service’s name exactly as it is defined on the server. Service names are case sensitive.



Invoking a Built-In ServiceThere is an extensive set of built‐in services that you can invoke from a flow service. The webMethods library includes services for doing such things as transforming data values, performing simple mathematical operations, extracting information from XML documents, and accessing databases.

Built‐in services reside in the WmPublic package. For a complete description of these services, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Invoking a Service on Another webMethods Integration ServerYou can use the built‐in service pub.remote:invoke to invoke a service on a remote Integration Server and return the results. The remote server is identified by an alias, which is configured on the Remote Servers screen in the Integration Server Administrator. The pub.remote:invoke service automatically handles opening a session and authentication on the remote server.

The pub.remote:invoke service resides in the WmPublic package and requires the alias of the remote server and the fully qualified name of the service that you want to invoke as input. For a complete description of this service, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Building an INVOKE StepUse the following procedure to invoke a service within a flow service.

1 Open the flow service in which you want to invoke another service. In the editor, select the step immediately above which you want to insert the INVOKE step.

2 Click on the editor toolbar and then select the service you want to invoke. If the service you want to invoke does not appear in the list, click Browse to navigate to and select the service.

Note: If you are using any adapters (for example, the webMethods JDBC Adapter), you will have additional built‐in services, which are provided by the adapters. See the documentation provided with those adapters for details.

To build an INVOKE step

Tip! You can also add invoke steps by selecting one or more services in the Navigation panel and dragging them to the desired position within the flow in the editor. The services must reside on the same server as the flow service.



3 Complete the following fields on the Properties panel:

4 If necessary, on the Pipeline tab, link Pipeline In variables to Service In variables. Link Service Out variables to Pipeline Out variables. For more information about linking variables to a service, see “Linking Variables” on page 192.

For this property... Specify...

Service The fully qualified name of the service that will be invoked at run time. When you insert a service, Developer automatically assigns the name of that service to the Service property. If you want to change the service that is invoked, specify the service’s fully qualified name in the format folderName:serviceName or click and select a service from the list.

Timeout Optional. Specifies the maximum number of seconds that this step should run. If this time elapses before the step completes, the server waits for the step to complete and then raises an exception.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols. For example, %expiration%.

If you do not need to specify a time‐out period, leave Timeout blank.

Validate input Whether or not you want the server to validate the input to the service against the service input signature. Select True to validate the input. Select False if you do not want to validate the input.

For information about validating input, see “Performing Input/Output Validation” on page 259.

Validate output Whether or not you want the server to validate the output of the service against the service output signature. Select True to validate the output. Select False if you do not want to validate the output.

For information about validating output, see “Performing Input/Output Validation” on page 259.

Tip! When you install Developer, the Insert menu displays a list of commonly used services. You can use the Tools Options command to customize this list of services to suit your needs.



The BRANCH StepThe BRANCH step allows you to conditionally execute a step based on the value of a variable at run time. For example, you might use a BRANCH step to process a purchase order one way if the PaymentType value is “CREDIT CARD” and another way if it is “CORP ACCT”.

When you build a BRANCH step, you can:

Branch on a switch value. Use a variable to determine which child step executes. At run time, the BRANCH step matches the value of the switch variable to the Label property of each of its targets. It executes the child step whose label matches the value of the switch.

Branch on an expression. Use an expression to determine which child step executes. At run time, the BRANCH step evaluates the expression in the Label property of each child step. It executes the first child step whose expression evaluates to “true.”

Branching on a Switch ValueWhen you branch on a switch value, you branch on the value of a single variable in the pipeline.

1 Create a list of the conditional steps (target steps) and make them children of the BRANCH step.

2 In the Properties panel for the BRANCH step, specify in the Switch property the name of the pipeline variable whose value will act as the switch. For more information about this property, see “Specifying the Switch Variable” on page 161.

3 In the Label property of each target step, specify the value that will cause that step to execute. For more information about this property, see “Specifying the Label Value” on page 161.

Important! You cannot branch on a switch value and an expression for the same BRANCH step. If you want to branch on the value of a single variable and you know the possible run‐time values of the switch variable exactly, branch on the switch value. If you want to branch on the values of more than one variable or on a range of values, branch on expressions.

To branch on a switch value



Simple BRANCH step that branches on a switch value

Specifying the Switch VariableThe variable you use as the switch variable:

Must be a String or constrained Object variable.

Must be a variable that can exist in the pipeline when the BRANCH step is executed at run time.

Must be formatted as document/documentVariable, if you are specifying a field in a document as the switch variable (for example, BuyerInfo/AccountNum).

Specifying the Label ValueAt run time, the BRANCH step compares the value of the switch variable to the Label property of each of its targets. It executes the target step whose label matches the value of the switch variable.

You can use a regular expression to specify the matching value for a BRANCH step. To do so, use the following syntax to specify the value in Label:

/RegularExpression/

For example, if you want to select a step based on whether a PO number starts with the string “REL” you use /^REL/ as the value of Label. For more information about regular expressions, see Appendix B, “Regular Expressions”.

Unlike other flow steps whose children execute in sequence at run time, only one child of a BRANCH step is executed: the target whose label matches the value of the switch variable. If none of the targets match the switch variable, none of them are performed, and execution “falls through” to the next step in the flow service. For example, in the following flow service, execution passes directly to the LogTransaction service if the value of PaymentType is “COD.”

Each conditional stephas a label that

matches the valuethat causes it to

execute.

The switch property ofthe BRANCH step

specifies the name ofthe variable that acts



An unmatched value will fall though the BRANCH

Keep the following points in mind when assigning labels to the targets of the BRANCH step:

You must give each target step a label unless you want to match an empty string. For that case, you leave the Label property blank. For more about matching an empty string, see “Branching on Null and Empty Values” on page 164.

Each Label value must be unique within the BRANCH step.

When you specify a literal value as the Label of a child step, the value you specify must match the run‐time value of the switch variable exactly. The Label property is case sensitive.

You can use a regular expression as the value of Label instead of a literal value.

You can match a null value by using the $null value in the Label property. For more information about specifying a null value, see “Branching on Null and Empty Values” on page 164.

You can designate a default step for all unmatched cases by using the $default value in the Label property. For more information about using the $default setting, “Specifying a Default Step” on page 165.

If PaymentType is“COD,” execution

will fall through thisBRANCH step.



Branching on an Expression When you branch on an expression, you assign an expression to each child of a branch step. At run time, the BRANCH step evaluates the expressions assigned to the child steps. It executes the first child step with an expression that evaluates to true.

1 Create a list of the conditional steps (target steps) and make them children of the BRANCH step.

2 In the Properties panel for the BRANCH step, set Evaluate labels to True.

3 In the Label property of each target, specify the expression that, when true, will cause the target step to execute. The expressions you create can include multiple variables and can specify a range of values for variables. Use the syntax provided by webMethods to create the expression. For more information about expression syntax, see Appendix D, “Conditional Expressions”.

Simple BRANCH step that branches on an expression

Keep in mind that only one child of a BRANCH step is executed: the first target step whose label contains an expression that evaluates to true. If none of the expressions evaluate to true, none of the child steps are invoked, and execution falls through to the next step in the flow service. You can use the $default value in the Label property to designate a default step for cases where no expressions evaluate to true. For more information about using the $default value, see “Specifying a Default Step” on page 165.

To branch on an expression

Important! The expressions you create for the children of a BRANCH step need to be mutually exclusive (only one condition should evaluate to true at run time).

Eachtarget step

has anexpression

as thelabel.

When set to true, theEvaluate labels property

indicates the stepbranches on expressions.



Branching on Null and Empty ValuesWhen you build a BRANCH step, you can include target steps that match null or empty switch values. The BRANCH step considers a switch value to be null if the variable does not exist in the pipeline or is explicitly set to null. The BRANCH step considers a switch value to be an empty string if the variable exists in the pipeline but its value is a zero length string. To branch on null or empty values, set the Label property for the target step as follows.

The following example shows a BRANCH step used to authorize a credit card number based on the buyer’s credit card type (CreditCardType). It contains three target steps. The first target step handles situations where the value of CreditCardType is null or where CreditCardType does not exist in the pipeline. The second target step handles cases where the value of CreditCardType is an empty string. (Note that the first two target steps are EXIT steps that will return a failure condition when executed.) The third target step has the $default label, and will process all specified credit card types.

To BRANCH on... Do the following...

A null value Set the Label property to $null. At run time, the BRANCH step executes the target step with the $null label if the switch variable is explicitly set to null or does not exist in the pipeline.

You can use $null with any type of switch variable.

An empty string

Leave the Label property blank (empty). At run time, the BRANCH step executes the target step with no label if the switch variable is present, but contains no characters.

You can use an empty value only when the switch variable is of type String.

Important! If you branch on expressions (Evaluate labels is set to True), you cannot branch on null or empty values. When executing the BRANCH step and evaluating labels, the server ignores target steps with a blank or $null label.



BRANCH that contains target steps to match null values or empty strings

Specifying a Default StepIf you want to prevent the service from falling through a BRANCH step when an unmatched value occurs at run time, include a default target step to handle unmatched cases. To specify the default alternative of a BRANCH step, set the Label property to $default.

The following example shows a BRANCH step that is used to authenticate payment for an order based on the type of payment (PaymentType). It contains three target steps. The first target step handles orders paid for by Credit Card. The second target step handles orders paid for through a Corporate Account. The third target step has the $default label and will process all other payment types.

This target stepexecutes when

CreditCardType is nullor does not exist.

This target stepexecutes when the

CreditCardType valueis a zero length string.



The default step is set to $default

Using SEQUENCE as the Target of a BRANCHIn many cases, you may want a BRANCH step to conditionally execute a series of multiple steps rather than just a single step. For these cases, you can use the SEQUENCE step as the target step and group a series of flow steps beneath it.

The following example illustrates a service that accepts a purchase order and processes it one of three ways depending on the payment type specified in the PaymentType variable. Because a series of steps are needed to process the PO in each case, the targets of the BRANCH are defined as SEQUENCE steps, and the appropriate series of steps are specified as children beneath each SEQUENCE.

Important! You can only have one default target step for a BRANCH step. Developer always evaluates the default step last. The default step does not need to be the last child of the BRANCH step.

The first two targetsteps handle creditcard and corporate

accountpayments...

...and the$default target

step handles therest.



Use a SEQUENCE step as the target for a multi-step alternative

Define a multi-step alternative in a SEQUENCE

The SEQUENCE step that you use as a target for a BRANCH can contain any valid flow step, including additional BRANCH steps. For additional information about building a SEQUENCE, see “The SEQUENCE Step” on page 176.

Create a SEQUENCEfor each multi-step

alternative...

...and then specify theappropriate series of

flow steps as childrenbeneath eachSEQUENCE.



Building a BRANCH StepUse the following procedure to build a BRANCH step in a flow service.

1 If you are inserting a BRANCH step into an existing flow service, display that service in the editor and highlight the step immediately above where you want the BRANCH step inserted.

2 Click on the editor toolbar.


To build a BRANCH step


Comments An optional descriptive comment for this step.

Scope The name of a document (IData object) in the pipeline to which you want to restrict this step. If you want this step to have access to the entire pipeline, leave this property blank.

Timeout The maximum number of seconds that this step should run. If this time elapses before the step completes, the server waits for the step to complete and then raises an exception.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %expiration%).


Label An optional name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank). For more information about branching on null or empty values, see “Branching on Null and Empty Values” on page 164.

Note: If you use this step as a target for another BRANCH or an EXIT step, you must specify a value in the Label property. For more information about the EXIT step, see “The EXIT Step” on page 181.

Switch The name of the String or constrained Object variable whose value will be used to determine which child step to execute at run time. Do not specify a switch variable if you set the Evaluate labels property to True.



4 Insert the conditional steps that belong to the BRANCH (that is, its children) using the following steps:

a Insert a flow step using the buttons on the editor toolbar.

b Indent the flow step using on the editor toolbar to make it a child of the BRANCH step.

c In the Label property on the Properties panel, specify the switch value that will cause this step to execute at run time.

d Set other properties as needed.

Evaluate labels Whether or not you want to evaluate labels of child steps as conditional expressions. Select True to branch on expressions. Select False (the default) if you want to branch on the switch value.

To match... Specify...

That exact string A string

The String representation of the object’s value

Example for Boolean object true

Example for Integer object 123

A constrained object value

Any string fitting the criteria specified by the regular expression

Example /^REL/

A regular expression

An empty string A blank field

A null value $nullAny unmatched value (that is, execute the step if the value does not match any other label)

$default

Important! If you are branching on expressions, make sure the expressions you assign to the target steps are mutually exclusive. In addition, do not use null or empty values as labels when branching on expressions. The BRANCH step ignores target steps with a $null label or blank label.




The REPEAT StepThe REPEAT step allows you to conditionally repeat a sequence of child steps based on the success or failure of those steps. You can use REPEAT to:

Re-execute (retry) a set of steps if any step within the set fails. This option is useful to accommodate transient failures that might occur when accessing an external system (for example, databases, ERP systems, Web servers, or Web services) or device.

Re-execute a set of steps until one of the steps within the set fails. This option is useful for repeating a process as long as a particular set of circumstances exists (for example, data items exist in a data set).

Use REPEAT to re-execute one or more steps

Specifying the REPEAT ConditionWhen you build a REPEAT step, you set the Repeat on property to specify the condition (success or failure) that will cause its children to re‐execute at run time.

If you set “Repeat on” to… The REPEAT step…

FAILURE Re‐executes the set of child steps if any step in the set fails.

SUCCESS Re‐executes the set of child steps if all steps in the set complete successfully.

This INVOKE step isrepeated up to 10

times if it fails at runtime.



Setting the REPEAT CounterThe REPEAT step’s Count property specifies the maximum number of times the server re‐executes the child steps in the REPEAT step.

When Does REPEAT Fail?The following conditions cause the REPEAT step to fail:

If the REPEAT step is a child of another flow step, the failure is propagated to its parent.

Using REPEAT to Retry a Failed StepIf your flow invokes services that access external systems, you can use the REPEAT step to accommodate network errors, such as busy servers or connection errors, at run time. If you use the REPEAT step for this purpose, keep the following points in mind:

The following types of failures satisfy the FAILURE condition:

Expiration of a child step’s Timeout limit

An exception thrown by a Java service

A document query that returns an unpermitted null value

If you set “Count” to… The REPEAT step…

0 Does not re‐execute children.

Any value > 0 Re‐executes children up to this number of times.

-1 or blank Re‐executes children as long as the specified Repeat on condition is true.

Important! Note that children of a REPEAT always execute at least once. The Count property specifies the maximum number of times the children can be re‐executed. At the end of an iteration, the server checks to see whether the condition (that is, failure or success) for repeating is satisfied. If the condition is true and the Count is not met, the children are executed again. This process continues until the repeat condition is false or Count is met, whichever occurs first. (In other words, the maximum number of times that children of a REPEAT will execute when Count is > ‐1, is Count+1.)

If “Repeat on” is set to… The REPEAT step fails if…

SUCCESS A child within the REPEAT block fails.

FAILURE The Count limit is reached before its children execute successfully.



If you specify multiple children under a REPEAT step, the failure of any one of the children will cause the entire set of children to be re‐executed.

The REPEAT step immediately exits a set of children at the point of failure (that is, if the second child in a set of three fails, the third child is not executed).

When Repeat on is set to FAILURE, the failure of a child within a REPEAT step does not cause the REPEAT step itself to fail unless the Count limit is also reached.

The Timeout property for the REPEAT step specifies the amount of time in which the entire REPEAT step, including all of its possible iterations, must complete. When you use REPEAT to retry on failure, you may want to leave the Timeout value at 0 (no limit) or set it to a very high value. You can also set the property to the value of a pipeline variable by typing the name of the variable between % symbols.

As a developer, you must be thoroughly familiar with the processes you include within a REPEAT step. Make certain that the child steps you specify can safely be repeated in the event that a failure occurs. You don’t want to use REPEAT if there is the possibility that a single action, such as accepting an order or crediting an account balance, could be applied twice.

1 If you are inserting a REPEAT step into an existing flow service, display that service in the editor and highlight the step immediately above where you want the REPEAT step inserted.



To build a REPEAT step that re-executes failed steps




Timeout The maximum number of seconds that this step should run. If this time elapses before the step completes, the server waits for the step to complete and then raises an exception.





4 Beneath the REPEAT step, use the following steps to insert each step that you want to repeat:


b Indent that flow step using on the editor toolbar. (Make it a child of the REPEAT step.)

c Set the properties for the child step as needed.

Label An optional name for this specific REPEAT step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Important! If you use this step as a target for a BRANCH or EXIT step, you must specify a value in the Label property. For more information about the BRANCH and EXIT steps, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160 or “The EXIT Step” on page 181.

Count The maximum number of times you want the children to be re‐executed. If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %servicecount%).

If you want the children re‐executed until they are all successful (that is, no maximum limit), set this value to –1.

Repeat interval The length of time (in seconds) that you want the server to wait between iterations of the children.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %waittime%).

Repeat on FAILURE




Using REPEAT to Retry a Successful StepApart from using REPEAT to retry a failed step, you can also use it as a looping device to repeat a series of steps until a failure occurs.

If you use the REPEAT step to re‐execute successful child steps, keep the following points in mind:

The success condition is met if all children of the REPEAT step execute without returning a single exception.

If one child in the set fails, the REPEAT step exits at the point of failure, leaving the remaining children unexecuted.

The failure of a child does not cause the REPEAT step to fail; it merely ends the loop. (In this case, the REPEAT step itself succeeds and execution of the flow proceeds normally).

1 If you are inserting a REPEAT step into an existing flow service, display that service in the editor and highlight the step immediately above where you want the REPEAT step inserted.



To build a REPEAT step that repeats a set of successful steps




Timeout The maximum number of seconds that this step should run.If this time elapses before the step completes, the server waits for the step to complete and then raises an exception.





4 Beneath the REPEAT step, use the following steps to insert each step that you want repeat:


b Indent that flow step using on the editor toolbar to make it a child of the REPEAT step.


Label An optional name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Important! If you use this step as a target for a BRANCH or EXIT step, you must specify a value in the label property. For more information about the BRANCH and EXIT steps, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160 or “The EXIT Step” on page 181.

Count The maximum number of times you want the children to be re‐executed. If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %servicecount%).

If you want the children re‐executed until any one of them fails (that is, no maximum limit), set this value to –1.

Repeat interval The length of time (in seconds) that you want the server to wait between iterations of the children.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %waittime%).

Repeat on SUCCESS




The SEQUENCE StepYou use the SEQUENCE step to build a set of steps that you want to treat as a group. Steps in a group are executed in order, one after another. By default, all steps in a flow service, except for children of a BRANCH step, are executed as though they were members of an implicit SEQUENCE step (that is, they execute in order, one after another). However, there are times when it is useful to explicitly group a set of steps. The most common reasons to do this are:

To group a set of steps as a single alternative beneath a BRANCH step. For details about this use of the SEQUENCE step, see “Using SEQUENCE as the Target of a BRANCH” on page 166.

To specify the conditions under which the server will exit a sequence of steps without executing the entire set.

Using SEQUENCE to Specify an Exit ConditionIn an implicit sequence, when a step fails, the server automatically exits the sequence (that is, the Exit on property is set to FAILURE). By grouping steps into an explicit sequence, you can override this default behavior and specify the condition on which the sequence exits. To do this, you set the Exit on parameter as follows:

If you want the server to… Set “Exit on” to…

Exit the sequence when a step in the sequence fails. (Execution continues with the next flow step in the flow service.) This is the default behavior of a sequence of steps.

This setting is useful if you have a series of steps that build upon one another. For example, if you have a set of steps that gets an authorization code and then submits a PO, you will want to skip the PO submission if the authorization step fails.

When a SEQUENCE exits under this condition, the SEQUENCE step fails.

Note: When a SEQUENCE step exits on failure, the Integration Server rolls back the pipeline contents. That is, the Integration Server returns the pipeline to the state it was in before the SEQUENCE step executed.

FAILURE



Exit the sequence when any step in the sequence succeeds. (Execution continues with the next step in the flow service.)

This setting is useful for building a set of alternative steps that are each attempted at run time. Once one of the members of the set runs successfully, the remaining steps in the sequence are skipped.

When a SEQUENCE exits under this condition, the server considers the SEQUENCE step successful, even if all its children fail. If a child fails under this condition, any changes that it made to the pipeline are rolled back (undone), and processing continues with the next child step in the SEQUENCE.

SUCCESS

Execute every step in the sequence even if one of the steps in the sequence fails.

The server considers a SEQUENCE step successful as long as it executes all of its children within the specified time‐out limit. The success or failure of a child within the sequence is not taken into consideration. If a child fails under this condition, any changes that it made to the pipeline are rolled back (undone), and processing continues with the next child step in the SEQUENCE.

DONE

Note: Rollback operations are performed on the first level of the pipeline only. That is, first‐level variables are restored to their original values before the step failed, but the server does not roll back changes to any documents to which the first‐level variables refer.

Note: A failure in a MAP step (that is, a failure in one of the transformers) will cause the containing SEQUENCE to exit when you set Exit on to FAILURE. However, a MAP step that does not fail will not cause the containing SEQUENCE to exit when you set Exit on to SUCCESS. That is, a MAP can fail but it does not “succeed.”

If you want the server to… Set “Exit on” to…



The LOOP StepThe LOOP step repeats a sequence of child steps once for each element in an array that you specify. For example, if your pipeline contains an array of purchase‐order line items, you could use a LOOP step to process each line item in the array.

To specify the sequence of steps that make up the body of the loop (that is, the set of steps you want the LOOP to repeat), you indent those steps beneath the LOOP as shown in the following example.

Simple LOOP step

You may include any valid flow step within the body of a LOOP, including additional LOOP steps. The following example shows a pair of nested LOOPs. Note how the indentation of the steps determines the LOOP to which they belong.

Nested LOOP steps

The body of the loopmust be indented

beneath the LOOPstep.

The entire LOOP stepis a child of the

outer LOOP.



Specifying the Input ArrayThe LOOP step requires you to specify an input array that contains the individual elements that will be used as input to one or more steps in the LOOP. At run time, the LOOP step executes one pass of the loop for each member in the specified array. For example, if you want to execute a LOOP for each line item stored in a purchase order, you would use the document list in which the order’s line items are stored as the LOOP’s input array.

You specify the name of the input array on the LOOP step’s Properties panel. The array you specify can be any of the following data types:

String list

String table

Document list

Object list

LOOP properties

When you design your flow, remember that because the services within the loop operate against individual elements in the specified input array, they must be designed to take elements of the array as input, not the entire array.

For example, if your LOOP executes against a document list called LineItems that contains children called Item, Qty, and UnitPrice, you would specify LineItems as the Input array for the LOOP step, but services within the loop would take the individual elements of LineItems (for example, Item, Qty, UnitPrice, and so forth) as input.

Collecting Output from a LOOP StepIf your LOOP step produces an output variable, the server can collect that output into an array in the pipeline.

To do this, you use the Output array parameter to specify the name of the array variable into which you want the server to collect output for each iteration of the loop. For example, if your loop checks inventory status of each line item in a purchase order and produces a String called InventoryStatus each time it executes, you would specify InventoryStatus as the value of Output array. At run time, the server will automatically

The LOOP stepexecutes once for

each member of thearray specified in

Input array.



transform InventoryStatus to an array variable that contains the output from each iteration of the loop.

To collect output from each pass of the loop, specify the name of the output variable that you want the server to collect for each iteration.

Building a LOOP StepUse the following procedure to build a LOOP step in a flow service.

1 If you are inserting a LOOP step into an existing flow service, display that service in the editor and select the step immediately above where you want the LOOP step inserted.



To build a LOOP step

For this property… Specify…



Timeout The maximum number of seconds that this step should run.If this time elapses before the step completes, the server waits for the step to complete and then raises an exception.



Label An optional name for this specific LOOP step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Important! If you use this step as a target for a BRANCH or EXIT step, you must specify a value in the Label property. For more information about the BRANCH and EXIT steps, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160 or “The EXIT Step” on page 181.

Input array The name of the array variable on which the LOOP will operate. This variable must be one of the following types: String list, String table, Document list, Object list.



4 Build the body of the loop using the following steps:


b Indent the flow step using on the editor toolbar to make it a child of the LOOP step.


5 Use the Pipeline tab to link the elements of the input array to the input variables required by each child of the LOOP step. For more information about using the Pipeline tab, see Chapter 8, “Mapping Data in a Flow Service”.

The EXIT StepThe EXIT flow step allows you to exit the entire flow service or a single flow step. You specify whether you want to exit from:

The nearest ancestor (parent) LOOP or REPEAT flow step to the EXIT flow step.

The parent flow step of the EXIT flow step.

A specified ancestor flow step to the EXIT flow step.

The entire flow service.

When you use the EXIT step, you indicate whether exiting should return a successful condition or a failure condition. If the exit is considered a failure, an exception is thrown. You can specify the text of the error message that is displayed by typing it directly or by assigning it to a variable in the pipeline.

Output array The name of the element that you want the server to collect each time the LOOP executes. You do not need to specify this property if the loop does not produce output values or if you are collecting the elements of Input array.

Important! When you build a LOOP step, make sure that you specify the output array variable in the LOOP Output array property before creating a link to the output array variable within a MAP or INVOKE step in the body of the LOOP. If you specify the output array variable after creating a link to it, the link will fail at run time. You can test the step in Developer to see if the link succeeds. If the link fails, delete the link to the output array variable and then recreate it.




Examples of when to use the EXIT step include to:

Exit an entire flow service from within a series of deeply nested steps.

Throw an exception when you exit a flow or a flow step without having to write a Java service to call Service.throwError( ).

Exit a LOOP or REPEAT flow step without throwing an exception.

The following flow service contains two EXIT steps that, if executed, will exit the nearest ancestor LOOP step. If the value of CreditCardType is null or an empty string, the matching EXIT step executes and exits the LOOP over the ʹ/PurchaseOrdersListʹ step.

Use the EXIT step to exit the nearest ancestor LOOP step

1 If you are inserting an EXIT step into an existing flow service, display that service in the editor and select the step immediately above where you want the EXIT step inserted.



To build an EXIT step



Label An optional name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Important! If you use this step as a target for a BRANCH step, you must specify a value in the Label property. For more information about the BRANCH step, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160.

This LOOPexits when....

...CreditCardTypeis null...

...or empty.



The MAP StepThe MAP step lets you adjust the contents of the pipeline at any point in a flow service. When you build a MAP step, you can:

Prepare the pipeline for use by a subsequent step in the flow service by linking, adding, and dropping variables in the pipeline.

Clean up the pipeline after a preceding step by removing fields that the step added but are not needed by subsequent steps.

Move variables or assign values to variables in the pipeline.

Exit from The flow step from which you want to exit. Specify one of the following:

Specify To exit from the...

$loop Nearest ancestor LOOP or REPEAT flow step.

$parent Parent flow step, regardless of the type of step.

$flow Entire flow.

Label Nearest ancestor flow step that has a label that matches this value.

Note: If the label you specify does not match the label of an ancestor flow step, the flow will exit with an exception.

Signal Whether the exit is to be considered a success or a failure. Specify one of the following:

Specify… To…

SUCCESS

Exit the flow service or flow step with a success condition.

FAILURE Exit the flow service or flow step with a failure condition. An exception is thrown after the exit. You specify the error message with the Failure message property.

Failure message The text of the exception message you want to display. If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols (for example, %mymessage%).

This property is not used when Signal is set to SUCCESS.




Initialize the input values for a flow service.

Invoke several services (transformers) in a single step.

Map documents form one format to another. For example, you can map a document in an XML format to an ebXML format or a proprietary format.

For more information about the MAP step, see Chapter 8, “Mapping Data in a Flow Service”.

Tip! The MAP step is especially useful for hard coding an initial set of input values in a flow service. To use it in this way, insert the MAP step at the beginning of your flow, and then use the Set Value modifier to assign values to the appropriate variables in Pipeline Out.


8 Mapping Data in a Flow Service

What Is Data Mapping? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

What Does the Pipeline Tab Contain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Basic Mapping Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Working with Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212



What Is Data Mapping?Data mapping is the process of performing transformations to resolve data representation differences between services or document formats. By mapping, you can accomplish the following types of data transformations:

Name transformations where different variable names represent the same data item. For example, one service or document format might use Telephone as the name of the variable for telephone number information and another might use PhoneNumber. When you perform name transformations, the value and position of a variable in the document (IData object) structure remain the same, but the name of the variable changes.

Structural transformations where different data structures represent a data item. For example, one service or document format might put the telephone number in a string called Telephone, and the next may expect to find it in an element of a document (IData object) array called CustInfo. When you perform structural transformations, the value of the variable remains the same, but the data type or position of the variable in the document (IData object) structure changes.

Value transformations where different formats represent the same value. This occurs commonly with date and time variables, where, for instance, one variable might use “01/01/99” and another “January 1, 1999.” In other cases, your services or document formats might use different notations for standard codes or values, different currency units, or a different system of weights and measures (metric instead of the U.S. Customary or British Imperial systems). When you perform value transformations, the name and position of the variable remain the same, but the data contained in the variable changes. (For example, you can change the format of a date, concatenate two strings, or add the values of two variables together.)

When you build flow services or convert between document formats, you may need to perform one, two, or all of the above types of data transformation. The webMethods flow language provides two ways for you to accomplish data transformations between services and document formats: you can map variables to each other (create links) or you can insert transformers.

webMethods Developer provides a graphical environment in which you can perform data mapping between variables and formats, which is the Pipeline tab.

What Does the Pipeline Tab Contain?The Pipeline tab offers a graphical representation of all of your data through which you can map data and inspect the contents of the pipeline. You use the tools on this tab to route variables (data) between services or between document formats.

The Pipeline tab displays in the editor for invoked services (INVOKE steps) or MAP steps in a flow service. The contents of this tab for INVOKE steps are slightly different than for MAP steps.



Pipeline Tab for an INVOKE StepFor an INVOKE step, the Pipeline tab depicts two stages of the pipeline with respect to the selected service in the editor.

Pipeline tab for an INVOKE step (service)

This stage... Represents...

1 The expected state of the pipeline just before the selected service executes.

Pipeline In depicts the set of variables that are expected to be in the pipeline before the service executes (based on the declared input and output parameters of the preceding services).

Service In depicts the set of variables the selected service expects as input (as defined by its input parameters).

On the Pipeline tab, you can insert “pipeline modifiers” at this stage to adjust the contents of the pipeline to suit the requirements of the service. For example, you can link variables, assign values to variables, drop variables from the pipeline, or add variables to the pipeline. Modifications that you specify during this stage are performed immediately before the service executes at run time.

The Pipeline tab depicts the service’s input and output with respect to the expected pipeline.

1 2



2 The expected state of the pipeline just after the service executes.

Service Out depicts the set of variables that the selected service produces as output (as defined by its output parameters).

Pipeline Out depicts the set of variables that are expected to be in the pipeline after the service executes. It represents the set of variables that will be available to the next service in the flow. If the selected service (INVOKE step) is the last step in the flow service, Pipeline Out displays the output variables for the flow service (as declared on the Input/Output tab).

On the Pipeline tab, you can insert “pipeline modifiers” at this stage to adjust the contents of the pipeline. For example, you can link variables, assign values to variables, drop variables from the pipeline, or add variables to the pipeline. Modifications that you specify during this stage are performed immediately after the service executes at run time.

Note: Developer displays small symbols next to a variable icon to indicate validation constraints. Developer uses to indicate an optional variable. Developer uses the ‡ symbol to denote a variable with a content constraint. For information about applying constraints to variables, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.

This stage... Represents...



Pipeline Tab for a MAP StepFor a MAP step, the Pipeline tab displays a single stage of the pipeline. The Pipeline tab contains two sets of variables: Pipeline In and Pipeline Out. Between these sets of variables, the Pipeline tab contains a column named Transformers.

Pipeline tab for a MAP step

The Pipeline In column represents input to the MAP step. It contains the names of all of the variables in the pipeline at this point in the flow.

The Transformers column displays any services inserted in the MAP step to complete value transformations. For more information about invoking services in a MAP step, see “Inserting a Transformer into a MAP Step” on page 214.

The Pipeline Out column represents the output of the MAP step. It contains the names of variables that will be available in the pipeline when the MAP step completes.

When you first insert a MAP step into your flow, Pipeline In and Pipeline Out are identical. However, if the MAP step is the only step in the flow service or is the last step in the flow service, Pipeline Out also displays the variables declared as output in the flow service.

On the Pipeline tab, you can insert “pipeline modifiers” to adjust the contents of the pipeline. For example, you can link variables from Pipeline In to services in Transformers. You can also use pipeline modifiers to assign values to pipeline variables, drop variables from the pipeline, or add variables to the pipeline.



Pipeline ModifiersPipeline modifiers are special commands that you apply to adjust the pipeline at run time. They execute immediately before or after the selected service or transformer, depending on where you add them on the Pipeline tab. Use the following buttons to add pipeline modifiers to the pipeline:

Printing the Pipeline TabThe following procedure describes how to use the View as HTML command to produce a printable version of the Pipeline tab.

1 Open the flow service for which you want to print the Pipeline tab.

2 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step for which you want to print the Pipeline tab.

3 Click anywhere on the Pipeline tab.

4 Scroll or resize the Pipeline tab to display the portion of the pipeline you want to view as HTML.

Use this modifier... To...

Link

Link a pipeline variable to a service variable. The Link modifier lets you resolve variable‐name and data‐structure differences by “linking” (copying) the value of one variable to another at run time. For information about using this pipeline modifier, see “Linking Variables” on page 192.

Drop

Drop a variable from the pipeline. The Drop modifier removes extraneous variables from the pipeline. For information about using this pipeline modifier, see “Dropping Variables from the Pipeline” on page 210.

Set Value

Assign a value to a variable. The Set Value modifier “hard codes” a value for a variable. For information about this pipeline modifier, see “Assigning Values to Pipeline Variables” on page 206.

Note: When you view the Pipeline tab as HTML, the resulting HTML page displays only the portion of the pipeline that is visible within the tab. Before you select the View as HTML command, make sure the Pipeline tab displays the part of the pipeline that you want to view as HTML.

To print the Pipeline tab



5 On the File menu, click View as HTML.

Developer creates an HTML page and displays it in your default browser.

6 If you want to print the pipeline, use your browserʹs print command.

Basic Mapping TasksBasic mapping tasks are the tasks you perform to manage the pipeline contents and the values of variables in the pipeline. On the Pipeline tab, you can perform the following basic mapping tasks:

Link variables to each other. You can copy the value of a variable in one service or document format to a variable in another service or document format.

Assign values to variables. You can hard code variable values or assign a default value to variables.

Drop variables from the pipeline. You can remove pipeline variables that are not used by subsequent services in a flow.

Add variables to the pipeline. You can add variables that were not declared as input or output parameters of the flow service. You can also add input and output variables for services that the flow service invokes (internally invoked services).

The following table identifies the sections that describe the basic mapping tasks.

For more information about... See page...

Linking variables 192

Linking variables of different data types 199

Linking to and from array variables 201

Deleting links between variables 204

Applying conditions to links between variables 204

Assigning values to pipeline variables 206

Dropping variables from the pipeline 210

Adding variables to the pipeline 211

Searching for variables in an editor tree 58



Linking VariablesWhen you want to copy the value of a variable in a service or document format to another variable, you link the variables. Developer connects service and pipeline variables on the Pipeline tab with a line called a link. Creating a link between variables copies the value from one variable to another at run time.

Within a flow, Developer implicitly links variables whose names are the same and whose data types are compatible. For example, the service in the following flow takes a variable called AcctNumber. Because a variable by this name already exists in Pipeline In, it is automatically linked to the AcctNumber variable in Service In. Developer connects implicitly linked variables with a gray link.

Implicit links between pipeline and service variables

In cases where the services in a flow do not use the same names for a piece of information, use the Pipeline tab to explicitly link the variables to each other. Explicit linking is how you accomplish name and structure transformations required in a flow. Developer connects explicitly linked variables with a solid black line.

On the input side of the Pipeline tab, use the Link modifier to link a variable from the pipeline to the service. In the following example, the service expects a value called OrderTotal, which is equivalent to the pipeline variable BuyersTotal (that is, they are simply different names for the same data). To use the value of BuyersTotal as the value for OrderTotal, you “link” the pipeline variable to the service using the Link modifier.

At run time, the server will copy the value from the source variable (BuyersTotal) to the target variable (OrderTotal) before executing the service.

Important! The Pipeline tab does not display implicit links for a MAP step.

Pipeline variablesare automaticallylinked to servicevariables of the

same name.



Linking the pipeline to service input

All the output variables that a service produces are automatically placed in the pipeline. Just as you can link variables from the Pipeline In stage to a service’s input variables, you can link the output from a service to a different variable in Pipeline Out.

In the following example, a variable called TransNumber is linked to the field Num in a document called TransactionRecord. At run time, the server will copy the value of TransNumber to Num, and both TransNumber and Num will be available to subsequent services in the flow.

Important! Do not link variables with different Object constraints. If you link variables with different object constraints and input/output validation is selected, the run‐time result is undefined.

When a pipelinevariable name is

different from the oneused by the service,

use the Link modifierto connect them.



Linking service output to the pipeline

When you link variables in the pipeline, keep the following points in mind:

The variable that you are linking from is the source. For example, when you link a variable in Pipeline In to one in Service In, the Pipeline In variable is the source. When you link a variable in Service Out to one in Pipeline Out, the Service Out variable is the source.

The variable you are linking to is the target. For example, when you link a variable in Pipeline In to one in Service In, the Service In variable is the target. When you link a variable in Service Out to one in Pipeline Out, the Pipeline Out variable is the target.

A Service In variable can be the target of more than one Link modifier only if you use array indexing or if you place conditions on the links to the variable.

By linking variables to each other, you are copying data from the source variable to the target variable. (Documents, however, are copied by reference. For more information, see “What Happens When Integration Server Executes a Link Between Variables?” on page 196.)

Target variables can be connected to only one source variable. After you draw a link to a target variable, you cannot draw another link to the target variable. (Two exceptions to this rule involve array variables and conditional links. For more information about linking array variables, see “Linking to and from Array Variables” on page 201. For more information about placing conditions on links between variables, see “Applying Conditions to Links Between Variables” on page 204.

When an output variable name is different from the name in the pipeline, use the Link modifier to connect them.

Developer automatically adds a service’s output variables to the pipeline and implicitly links them.



You cannot create a link to a variable if you already used the Set Value modifier to assign a value to a variable.

After a Link modifier is executed, both the source and target variables exist in the pipeline. The target variable does not replace the source variable.

1 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step containing the variables you want to link.

2 Click the Pipeline tab.

3 If you want to create a link between a variable in Pipeline In and one in Service In, do the following:

a In Pipeline In, click the pipeline variable you want to use as the source variable.

b In Service In, click the input variable you want to use as the target variable.

c Click on the toolbar.

4 If you want to create a link between a variable in Service Out and one in Pipeline Out, do the following:

a In Service Out, click the output variable you want to use as the source variable.

b In Pipeline Out, click the pipeline variable you want to use as the target variable.

c Click on the toolbar.

Notes:

If the variable types are incompatible and cannot be linked to one another, Developer displays a message stating that the operation is not allowed.

If you created a link to or from an array variable, you must specify which element in the array you are linking to or from. For more information about array linking, see “Linking to and from Array Variables” on page 201.

If you want to place a condition on the execution of the link, see “Applying Conditions to Links Between Variables” on page 204.

Do not link variables with different Object constraints. If you link variables with different object constraints and input/output validation is selected, the run‐time result is undefined.

To create a link between variables

Tip! You can also use your mouse to link variables to one another. To do this, select the source variable and drag your mouse to the appropriate target variable.



What Happens When Integration Server Executes a Link Between Variables?When executing a link between variables at run time, Integration Server does one of the following:

Copies the value from the source variable to the target variable. For example, when you link a source String variable to a target String variable, Integration Server copies the value of the source String to the target String. This is called “copying by value.”

Creates a reference to the source variable and uses the reference as the value of the target variable. For example, when executing a link between a source document and a target document, Integration Server creates a reference to the source document value and uses the reference as the value of the target document. This is called “copying by reference.”

Integration Server copies by value when the source or target variable is a String. (An exception to this behavior is that when executing a link from a String to an Object, the Integration Server copies by reference.)

When executing links between all other types of variables, the Integration Server copies by reference. Copying by reference significantly reduces the memory and time required for executing a link at run time.

When a value is copied by reference, any changes you make to the value of the source variable in subsequent flow steps affect the target variable. This is because the value of the source variable is the value of the target variable. The target variable does not contain a copy of the source variable value. If, in a later flow step, you used the Set Value modifier to assign a value to the source variable, you would be changing the value of the target variable as well. (The target variable references the value of the source variable.)

The following images show a series of MAP steps in a flow service. In this example, the value of the source variable is changed after the link to the target variable executes. This action changes the value of the target variable as well.

Tip! To scroll through the Pipeline In and Pipeline Out trees independently, display the left‐hand scroll bar. Click to display the left‐hand scroll bar. Click to hide the left‐hand scroll bar. The left‐hand scroll bar is only available on the Pipeline tab for a MAP step. When you expand a transformer, Developer hides the left‐hand scroll bar automatically.



Step 1: The value of String1 is set to “original value”

Step 2: Document1 is linked to Document2

Step 3: The value of String1 is changed to “modified” after the link executes

The value of String1 is setto “original value”.

Document1 is linked toDocument2. After the link

executes, the value ofDocument2 is a reference tothe contents of Document1.

The value of String1 ischanged to “modified”.

This action changes thevalue of the string inDocument2 as well.



When this flow service executes, it returns the following results.

Results of flow service

In Step 3, the value of the String1 in Document1 was set to “modified.” However, the value of String1 in Document2 changed also. This is because in Step 2 of the flow service, the value of Document1 was copied to Document2 by reference. Changes to the value of Document1 in later flow steps also change the value of Document2.

To prevent the value of the target variable from being overwritten by changes to the value of the source value in subsequent steps in the flow service, you can do one of the following:

When working with document variables, link each child of the document variable individually. This method can be time consuming and might significantly increase the memory and time required to run the service. However, this might be the best approach if the target document variable needs only a few values from the source document variable.

After you link the source variable to a target variable, use the Drop modifier to drop the source variable. Only the target variable will have the reference to the data. This method ensures that the value of the target variable will not be overwritten in a subsequent step, but does not increase the memory and time required to execute the service.

Create a service that performs a copy by value. Insert this service (as an INVOKE step or as a transformer) and link the variables to the service instead of linking them to each other. (In the case of document variables, you could create a Java service that clones the IData object underlying the document.) In situations where you link one document variable to another, using a “cloning” service would require less time than linking the contents of a document variable field by field.

Linking to Document and Document List VariablesWhen working with document variables in the pipeline, you can link a source variable to the document variable or to the children of the document variable. Keep the following points in mind when linking to document or document list variables:

A document (or a document list) and its children cannot both be targets. After a document or document list is the target of a Link modifier, its children cannot be the targets of Link modifiers.

After the child variable of a document or document list is the target of a Link modifier, the parent document or document list cannot be a target of a Link modifier.

The String1 in Document1and the String1 in

Document2 have the samevalue because Document1was copied to Document2

by reference.



If you link from a document variable to another document variable, the structure of the source document variable overwrites the structure of the target document variable.

Linking Variables of Different Data TypesOn the Pipeline tab, you can link different, but compatible, data types to one another. For example, you could link a String value called AccountNumber to a String list called Accounts. At run time, the server automatically performs the structural transformation necessary to link the data in AccountNumber to Accounts. (In this case, the transformation will result in a single‐element String list.) By linking different data types to one another, you can perform structural transformations.

If you link variables of different data types, keep the following points in mind:

Not all data types can be linked to one another. You cannot link a document (IData object) to a String, for instance. If two data types are incompatible, Developer will not allow you to connect them with the Link modifier.

You can only link a variable to another variable of the same primitive type. The primitive type refers to the data type of the variable when all dimensionality is removed. For example, the primitive type for a String list or a String table would be String. Two exceptions to this rule are: any variable can be linked to an Object or an Object list variable, and an Object can be linked to any data type. (If there is a type mismatch between the Object or Object list and the other variable at run time, the Integration Server does not execute the link.)

Object and Object list variables constrained with an assigned Java class should be linked only to other Object and Object list variables of the same Java class or to Object and Object list variables of unknown type. Although Developer permits a link between constrained Objects with different Java classes, the run‐time result is undefined. For more information about specifying Java classes for Objects, see “Java Classes for Objects” on page 407.

When you link between scalar and array variables, you can specify which element of the array variable you want to link to or from. Scalar variables are those that hold a single value, such as String, document, and Object. Array variables are those that hold multiple values, such as String list, String table, document list, and Object list. For example, you can link a String to the second element of a String list. Alternatively, you can link the second element in a String list to a String.

When you link between scalar and array variables and you do not specify which element in the array variable that you want to link to or from, Developer uses the default behavior to determine the value of the target variable.

For more information about the default behavior for linking array variables, see “Default Pipeline Rules for Linking to and from Array Variables” on page 409.



Examples of Structural Transformations on the Pipeline Tab

The structural transformations you can perform by linking variables on the Pipeline tab can be more complex than transforming a String to a String list. For example, you can combine two String lists into one document list through linking. The following section explains a common structural transformation that you can complete via linking in the pipeline.

Converting a String List to a Document List

You can convert a String list to a document list using the Pipeline tab. In the following diagram, aList is the String list you want to convert to a document list. The variable documentList is the document list to which you want to copy the values contained in the String list. documentList has a String child aString. To convert the String list to a document list, link aList to aString.

Converting a String list to a document list

Two String lists can be combined into one document list through data mapping in the pipeline. For example, if in the above scenario you also had a String list variable named bList, and documentList had two String children named aString and bString, you could combine the two String lists by linking aList to aString and bList to bString.

Converting two String lists to a document list



Linking to and from Array VariablesWhen you link to or from an array variable (String list, String table, document list, or Object list), you can specify which element in the array you want to link to or from. After you link the variables, you specify the index that represents the position of the element in the array.

For String lists and Object lists, you can specify the index for the list element you want to link. For example, you can link the third element in a String list to a String.

For String tables, you can specify the row and column indexes for the cells you want to link. For example, you can link the value of the element in the third column of the second row of a String table to a String.

For document lists, you can specify the index for the document that you want to link. For example, you can link the second document in a document list to a document variable.

For a variable in a document list, you can specify the index of the document that contains the value that you want to link to or from. For example, if the document list POItems contains the String ItemNumber, you can link the ItemNumber value from the second POItems document to a String variable.

For example, suppose that a buyer’s address information is initially stored in a String list. However, the information might be easier to work with if it were stored in a document. To map the information in the String list to a document, create a link between the String list and each field in the document. Then, specify an index value for each link. In the following pipeline, the elements in buyerAddress String list are mapped to the address document.

Tip! You can also convert a String list to a document list (IData[ ] object) by invoking the built‐in service pub.list:stringListToDocumentList. You can insert the service as an INVOKE step or as a transformer. For more information about transformers, see “What Are Transformers?” on page 212. For more information about built‐in services, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.



You can specify an index value when linking to or from an array variable

To specify the index for the element in the buyerAddress variable to be copied to the FirstName field, select the link between the variables, click the Indices property’s Edit button in the Properties panel to specify the index.

If the source or target variable is an array, Developer displays a text box next to the variable (in this case, buyerAddress). If the source or target variable is not an array, Developer displays the words “Field not indexable” next to the variable name (in this case, FirstName). For example, if you want to link the first element of the buyerAddress variable to the FirstName field in address, type 0 in the field next to buyerAddress. (Index numbering in arrays begins at 0.)

Link indices

Note: Developer uses blue links on the Pipeline tab to indicate that properties (conditions or index values for arrays) have been applied to the link between variables.

You can specify theindex for the elementin buyerAddress that

you want to link toeach field in address.

Indicates the index of the element in the buyerAddress String list that you want to copy to the FirstName field.

Indicates the target variable is not an array.



Guidelines for Linking to and from Array Variables

When you are linking to or from an array variable, keep the following points in mind:

To link to or from an element in an array variable, you need to know the index for the element’s position in the array. Array index numbering begins at 0 (the first element in the array has an index of 0, the second element has an index of 1, and so on).

To dynamically specify the index, you can set the index to the value of a pipeline variable. The variable you specify must be a String. To use a pipeline variable, specify the variable name enclosed in percent signs (%). For example, if the pipeline contains the variable itemNumber that will contain the index you want to use at run time, specify %itemNumber% for the index. For the link to execute successfully at run time, the value of the variable must be a non‐negative integer.

If you link to an array variable and specify an index that does not exist, Developer increases the length of the array to include the specified array index. For example, suppose that a String list has length 3. You can link to the String list and specify an index of 4; that is, you can link to the fifth position in the String list. At run time, the Integration Server increases the length of the String list from 3 to 5.

Each element in an array can be the source or target of a Link modifier; that is, each element in the array can be the start or end of a link. For example, if a source String list variable contains three elements, you can link each of the three elements to a target variable.

If the source and target variables are arrays, you can specify an index for each variable. For example, you can link the third element in a source String list to the fifth element in target String list.

If you do not specify an array index for an element when linking to or from arrays, the default behavior of the Pipeline tab will be used. For information about the default behavior of the Pipeline tab, see “Default Pipeline Rules for Linking to and from Array Variables” on page 409.

If you are linking to or from a String table, you need to specify an index value for the row and column.

When you link a document or document list variable to another document or document list variable, the structure of the source variable determines the structure of the target variable. For more information, see “Linking to Document and Document List Variables” on page 198.

The following procedure explains how to link to or from an array variable.



1 Create a link between the variables using the procedure described in “To create a link between variables” on page 195.

2 Click the link that connects the variables.

3 On the Properties panel, click the Indices property’s Edit button. Developer displays the Link Indices dialog box.

4 If the source variable is an array variable, under Source, next to the source variable name, type the index that contains the value you want to link.

5 If the target variable is an array variable, under Destination, next to the destination variable name, type the index to which you want to link the source value.

6 Click OK.

Deleting Links Between VariablesUse the following procedure to delete the link created between variables. When you delete the link, the variables are no longer linked. Developer also deletes any properties you applied to the link.

1 On the Pipeline tab, select the link that you want to delete.


Applying Conditions to Links Between VariablesYou can place conditions on the links you draw between variables. At run time, webMethods Integration Server evaluates the condition and executes the link (copies the value) only if the condition evaluates to true.

A condition consists of one or more expressions that you write using the syntax that Developer provides. An expression can check for the existence of a variable in the pipeline, check for the value of a variable, or compare a variable to another variable. For example, in the following service, you might want to link the BuyersTotal variable in Pipeline In to the OrderTotal variable in Service In only if the BuyersTotal has a value that is

To create a link to or from an array variable

Note: At run time, the link (copy) fails if the source array index contains a null value or if you specify an invalid source or target index (such as a letter or non‐numeric character). The Integration Server generates journal log messages (at debug level 6 or higher) when links to or from array variables fail.

To delete a link between variables

Tip! You can also delete a link by selecting it and then clicking on the Pipeline tab toolbar or pressing the DELETE key.



not null. After you connect the two variables with the Link modifier, you would edit the properties and add the condition that needs to be true.

A blue link indicates that a condition is applied to the link connecting the variables

Developer uses a blue link on the Pipeline tab to indicate that properties (that is, conditions or index values for arrays) have been applied to a link between variables.

Linking Multiple Source Variables to a Target Variable

By applying conditions to the links between variables, you can link more than one source variable to the same target variable. When you draw more than one link to the same target variable, at most, only one of the conditions you apply to the links can be true at run time. The conditions must be mutually exclusive.

At run time, webMethods Integration Server executes all conditional links whose conditions evaluate to true. If more than one conditional link to the same target variable evaluates to true, the value of the target variable will be the result of whichever link executes last. Because the order in which links are executed at run time is not guaranteed, the final value of the target variable may vary.

Note: You cannot add conditions to the links between implicitly linked variables.

Tip! If the conditions for links to the same target variable are not mutually exclusive, consider using a flow service containing a BRANCH step instead. In BRANCH steps, child steps are evaluated in a top to bottom sequence. webMethods Integration Server executes the first child step that evaluates to true and skips the remaining child steps. For more information about the BRANCH step, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160.

Use the Propertiespanel to view or

create a conditionfor the link.



1 Create a link between the variables using the procedure described in “To create a link between variables” on page 195.

2 Click the link (black line) that connects the variables.

3 On the Properties panel, set the Evaluate copy condition property to True.

4 In the Copy condition property text box, type the condition you want to place on the link.

For information about the syntax used in conditions, see Appendix D, “Conditional Expressions”.

Assigning Values to Pipeline VariablesThe Set Value modifier allows you to assign values to variables in Service In or Pipeline Out. You use it to explicitly “hard code” a specific value in a variable. You can also use it to assign a default value to a variable.

By attaching a Set Value modifier to a variable, you instruct the server to write a specific value to that variable at run time. This action occurs just before the selected service is executed (if you attach the modifier to a variable in Service In) or immediately after the selected service is executed (if you attach the modifier to a variable in Pipeline Out).

To apply a condition to the link between variables

Important! When drawing more than one link to the same target variable, make sure that the conditions assigned to each link are mutually exclusive.

Note: You can temporarily disable the condition placed on a link. For more information, see “Disabling a Condition Placed on a Link Between Variables” on page 294.



Hardcoding the value of a variable

To view (or change) the value that is assigned to the Set Value modifier, double‐click the icon next to the variable’s name to open the Input For dialog box.

Input For dialog box

Assigning a Default Value to a VariableOne common use of the Set Value modifier is to specify a default value for a variable (that is, a value that is only assigned if the variable is null at run time). To use the Set Value modifier in this way, disable the Overwrite pipeline value check box in the Input For dialog box. This instructs the server to use the specified value only when the selected variable is null.

Initializing Variables in a Flow ServiceYou can use the Set Value modifier with the MAP step to hard code an initial set of input values in a flow service. To use it in this way, insert the MAP at the beginning of your flow, and then use the Set Value modifier to assign values to the appropriate variables in Pipeline Out.

Note: If a variable to which you assigned a default value is implicitly linked to another variable in the pipeline, Developer displays a gray link on the Pipeline tab connecting the variables beneath the icon.

You use the SetValue modifier to

assign a value to avariable.

Specify the value thatyou want the server toassign to this variable

at run time.



Referencing Other VariablesIn addition to assigning a literal value to a variable, the Set Value modifier lets you assign the value of another String variable to a String variable. (You might do this if you wanted to derive the default value from a variable in the pipeline at run time, for example.)

To specify a variable name with the Set Value modifier, enclose the name of that variable between % symbols and then enable the Perform variable substitution option. This option instructs the server to interpret your value as a variable reference rather than a literal value.

Referencing variables

You can also format String values by specifying one or more pipeline variables in conjunction with a literal value. For example, if you specified (%areaCode%) %Phone%, the resulting string would be formatted to include the parentheses and space. If you specified %firstName% %initial%. %lastName% , the period and spacing would be included in the value.

Setting a Value for a Pipeline VariableKeep the following points in mind when assigning a value to a pipeline variable:

You can only assign values to variables that are in Service In or Pipeline Out.

If the Service In or Pipeline Out variable is already the target for a Link modifier, you cannot use the Set Value modifier to assign a value to the variable.

You can mix literal values and pipeline variables when assigning values to String variables.

You cannot assign a value to a recursive IS document type (a document type that contains a document reference to itself).

When you set values for constrained Objects, Developer automatically validates the values. If the value is not of the type specified by the object constraint, Developer displays a message identifying the variable and the expected type.

You cannot set values for unconstrained Objects (Objects of unknown type) or for Objects constrained as a byte [ ].

Enclose the variablename in % symbols...

...and the select thevariable-substitution

option.



1 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step containing the variable you want to alter.


3 Select the variable to which you want to assign a value.

4 Click on the toolbar.

5 In the Input For dialog box, specify the value you want to assign to this variable.

If you want to assign a literal value to the variable, type that value. The value must be of the same data type as the variable.

If you want to derive the value from a String variable in the pipeline, type the name of that variable enclosed in % symbols (for example, %Phone%). Then select the Perform variable substitution check box.

6 If you want the server to use the specified value only if the variable does not contain a value at run time, clear the Overwrite pipeline value check box. (If you select this check box, the server will always apply the specified value.)

Copying Set Values Between VariablesYou can copy the set value assigned to a variable to other variables of the same data type in Service In or Pipeline Out. When you copy set values from one pipeline variable to another, keep the following points in mind:

You can only copy and paste set values between variables of the same data type. For example, you can only copy the set value assigned to a String variable to another String variable.

You can only copy and paste set values between variables if the target variable has the same structure as the source variable or has no defined structure. For example, you can copy the set value of a String list variable with length 3 to another String list variable only if the target String list also has length 3 or has an undefined length (no defined structure).

If you are copying a set value between document variables, the source document variable and the target document variable must have the same structure or the target document variable must have no structure defined. For example, if the source document variable contains three String variables named City, State, and Zip as children, the target document variable must have three String variables named City, State, and Zip as children.

To assign a value to a variable in the pipeline



1 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step containing the variable with the value you want to copy and paste.


3 Select the you want to copy.

4 Right‐click and select Copy.

5 Select the variable or variables to which you want to assign the copied value, right‐click and select Paste.

Dropping Variables from the PipelineThe Drop pipeline modifier allows you to remove a variable from Pipeline In or Pipeline Out. You can use it to eliminate pipeline variables that are not used by subsequent services in a flow. Dropping unneeded variables reduces the size of the pipeline at run time and reduces the length and complexity of the Pipeline In and Pipeline Out displays (this can make the Pipeline tab much easier to use when you are working with a complex flow).

At run time, the server removes a dropped variable from the pipeline just before it executes the selected service (if you attach the Drop modifier to a variable in Pipeline In) or immediately after it executes the selected service (if you attach the Drop modifier to a variable in Pipeline Out).

If you drop a linked variable from Pipeline In, the server executes the Link modifier before it drops the variable. The server does not link a null value to the destination variable.

To copy a set value

Note: You can only copy and paste values for variables that are in Service In or Pipeline Out.

Note: You can only paste the set value if the target variable is the same data type as the source variable and if the target variable has either an identical structure to the source variable or has no defined structure.

Important! Once you drop a variable from the pipeline, it is no longer available to subsequent services in the flow. Do not use the Drop modifier unless you are sure the variable is not used by services invoked after the point where you drop it.



1 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step whose pipeline variables you want to drop.


3 Select the variable that you want to drop.

4 Click on the toolbar.

Adding Variables with the Pipeline Tab You can use the Pipeline tab to add variables that were not declared as input or output parameters for the flow service itself or any of its constituent services. You can use it to add variables that were omitted from a service’s input or output parameters or create temporary variables for use within the flow. (For example, you might attach a variable to each of the children in a BRANCH step to mark the path taken by the service at run time.)

Variables that you create using the Pipeline tab can be used just like any declared variable in the flow.

To drop a variable from the pipeline

Note: You can only drop variables from Pipeline In and Pipeline Out. In a MAP step, you can only drop variables from Pipeline In.

Important! If you create a new variable in a flow, you must immediately do one of the following:

– Link a variable to it– Assign a value to it– Drop it

If you do not take one of these steps, Developer automatically clears it from the Pipeline tab.

Note: You might want to drop a variable immediately after adding it if a service produces a variable that is not declared in the service input or output parameters. The variable will not appear on the Pipeline tab if it is not an input or output parameter. By adding and then immediately dropping the variable, you can delete the variable if it does exist in the pipeline.



1 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step that represents the stage of the pipeline at which you want to add a new variable.


3 Select the point where you want to add the new variable.

4 Click and select the type of variable that you want to create.

5 Type the name of the variable and press ENTER.

6 If the variable is a document or a document list, repeat steps 4 and 5 to define its member variables. Then use to indent each member variable beneath the document or document list variable.

7 Assign one of the pipeline modifiers to the new variable (Link, Drop, or Set Value). (If you do not assign a modifier to the variable, Developer considers it extraneous to the flow and automatically clears the variable when it refreshes the Pipeline tab.)

Working with TransformersBy linking variables to each other on the Pipeline tab, you can accomplish name transformations and structural transformations. However, to perform value transformations you must execute some code or logic (that is, you must invoke a service). Developer provides two ways for you to invoke services: You can insert INVOKE steps or you can insert transformers onto the Pipeline tab.

What Are Transformers?Transformers are the services you use to accomplish value transformations on the Pipeline tab. You can only insert a transformer into a MAP step. You can use any service as a transformer. This includes any Java, C or flow service that you create and any built‐in services in WmPublic, such as the pub.date.getCurrentDateString and the pub.string.concat services. By using transformers, you can invoke multiple services (and perform multiple value transformations) in a single flow step.

To add a variable to the pipeline

Note: In an INVOKE step, you can add a new variable to Pipeline In, Service In, Service Out, or Pipeline Out. In a MAP step, you can only add new variables in Pipeline Out.

Note: Services that you insert using the INVOKE step might also perform value transformations. However, only transformers can accomplish multiple value transformations in a single flow step.



You can think of transformers as a series of INVOKE steps embedded in a MAP step. And like INVOKE steps, when you insert a transformer, you need to create links between pipeline variables and the transformer. You can also set properties for the transformer and validate the input and/or output of the transformer. Because transformers are contained within a MAP step, they do not appear as a separate flow step in the editor.

Transformers are well suited for use when mapping data from one document format to another. When you map data between formats, you usually need to perform several name, structure, and value transformations. By using transformers, the flow service in which you map data between formats could potentially consist of a single MAP step in where transformers and links between variables handle all of the data transformations. In this way, you could see your entire document‐to‐document mapping in a single view.

MAP step with transformers

Tip! You can create a flow service that uses transformers to convert data between document formats (such as an IDOC to an XML document or RosettaNet PIP to a proprietary format). You could then invoke this service in other flow services each time you need to convert between the specific document formats before you begin processing data.

Note: In a MAP step, Developer only displays the links between pipeline variables and transformers. Developer does not display any implicit linking for a MAP step.



Using Built-in Services as TransformersAny service in the Navigation panel can be used as a transformer. webMethods Integration Server provides several built‐in services specifically designed to translate values between formats. These services can be found in the following folders in the WmPublic package:

For more information about built‐in services, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Inserting a Transformer into a MAP StepWhen you insert a transformer, you are essentially inserting an INVOKE step into a MAP step. When inserting transformers, keep the following points in mind:

Transformers can only be inserted in a MAP step.

Any service can be used as a transformer, including flow services, C services, and Java services.

The transformers you insert into a MAP step operate on the same set of pipeline data.

The output of one transformer cannot be used as the input of another transformer in the same MAP step.

Transformers in a MAP step are independent of each other and do not execute in a specific order. When inserting transformers, assume that webMethods Integration Server concurrently executes the transformers at run time.

1 In the editor, select the MAP step in which you want to insert a transformer.

2 Click the Transformers area on the Pipeline tab.

3 Click on the Pipeline tab toolbar and then select the service you want to invoke. If the service you want to insert does not appear in the list, select Browse to select the

This folder… Contains services to…

pub.date Transform time and date information from one format to another.

pub.document Transform documents to and from document lists and XML values.

pub.list Transform a String list to a document list (IData[ ] object) and append items to a document list (IData[ ] object) or a String list.

pub.math Perform simple arithmetic calculations (add, subtract, multiply, and divide) on integers and decimals contained in string variables.

pub.string Transform string values in various ways (for example, pad, substring, concat, replace through a lookup table).

To insert a transformer



service from the Navigation panel. The transformer appears under Transformers on the Pipeline tab.

4 Select the transformer and, in the Properties panel, set its properties:

5 Click OK.

For information about debugging transformers, see “Debugging Transformers” on page 222.

Linking Variables to a TransformerWhen you map data to and from a transformer, you create links between the pipeline variables and the transformer. Keep the following points in mind when you create links between pipeline and transformer variables:

Developer does not implicitly link pipeline variables to the input or output variables of a transformer. Even if the pipeline variables have the same name and data type as the transformer variables, no implicit linking occurs. You need to explicitly link pipeline variables to the input and output variables of a transformer.


Service The fully qualified name of the service that will be invoked at run time as a transformer. When you insert a transformer, Developer automatically assigns the name of that service to the service property. If you want to change the service that is invoked by a transformer, specify the service’s fully qualified name in the folderName:serviceName format or click to select a service from a list.

Validate input Whether or not you want to validate the input to the transformer against the signature of the service. Select True to validate the input of the transformer. Select False if you do not want to validate the input of the transformer.

For information about validating transformers, see “Validating Input and Output for Transformers” on page 218.

Validate output Whether or not you want to validate the output of the transformer against the signature of the service. Select True to validate the output of the transformer. Select False if you do not want to validate the output of the transformer.

For information about validating transformers, see “Validating Input and Output for Transformers” on page 218.

Tip! When you expand a transformer in the Transformers area of the Pipeline tab, you can see the Service In variables and the Service Out variables and all of the explicit links between the transformer and the pipeline. You might find it easier to link transformer variables when you are zoomed in on the transformer.



Output for a transformer is not automatically added to the pipeline. If you want the output of a transformer to appear in the pipeline, you need to explicitly link the output variable to a Pipeline Out variable. If you do not link the output variable to a Pipeline Out variable, the output variable does not appear in the pipeline.

If you do not link any output variables or the transformer does not have any declared output variables, the transformer service will not run.

The transformers you insert into a single MAP step act on the same set of pipeline data.

To provide the cleanest and simplest view when working with transformers, the Pipeline tab only displays one link between the transformer and a Pipeline In variable and one link between the transformer and a Pipeline Out variable. (The Pipeline tab displays the links between the transformer and the highest positioned Pipeline In variable and Pipeline Out variable to which the transformer is linked.)

1 To create a link between a Pipeline In variable and a transformer variable, do the following:

a In Pipeline In, select the variable you want to use as input to the transformer and drag your mouse to the transformer.

b In the Link To list, select the transformer variable to which you want to link the Pipeline In variable.

Once you link a transformer input variable to a Pipeline In variable, Developer displays the phrase “has already been chosen” next to the transformer variable in the Link To list.

c Repeat steps a and b for each transformer input variable you want to link to a pipeline variable.

2 To create a link between a transformer output variable and a Pipeline Out variable, do the following:

a Select the transformer and drag your mouse to the variable in Pipeline Out to which you want to link the transformer variable.

b In the Link From list, select the transformer variable that you want to link to the selected Pipeline Out variable.

c Repeat steps a and b for each output variable produced by the transformer.

You can link a transformer output variable to more than one Pipeline Out variable.

To create a link between a pipeline variable and a transformer

Note: You can assign a value to a transformer input variable using the Set Value modifier . To assign an input value to a transformer, first expand the transformer by double‐clicking the transformer name, by clicking Compose Expand, or by clicking next to the transformer.



Transformer Movement When you link to and from a selected transformer, it moves up and down in the Transformers column. This movement or “jumping” is by design to help minimize the distance between the transformer and the variable you are linking it to.

Transformers exhibit the following behavior or movement:

When a transformer is selected and you select a variable in Pipeline In or Pipeline Out, the transformer “jumps” or moves up or down in the Transformers column so that it is directly across from the selected pipeline variable.

When you finish linking a transformer and it is no longer selected, Developer “anchors” or aligns the transformer next to the highest Pipeline Out variable it is linked to.

To stop the transformer from jumping, click the transformer again or click in the empty areas of the Pipeline tab.

Transformers and Array VariablesWhen creating links between pipeline variables and transformers, differences in dimensionality for the source and target variables may cause an exception. If the dimensionality of the target variable is greater than the dimensionality of the source variable, an exception will not be thrown. However, if the dimension of the source variable is greater than the dimension of the target variable, an exception will occur.

What Is Dimensionality?

Dimensionality refers to the number of arrays to which a variable belongs. For example, the dimensionality of a single String is 0, that of a single String list or document list is 1, and that of a single String table is 2. A String that is a child of a document list has a dimensionality of 1. A String list that is a child of a document list has a dimensionality of 2.

Important! Developer does not automatically add the output of a transformer to the pipeline. If you want the output of a transformer to appear in the pipeline after the transformer executes, you need to explicitly link the output variable to a variable in Pipeline Out.

Important! If you do not link any output variables or the transformer does not have any output variables, the transformer will not execute.

Note: To expand your view of the Pipeline tab, drag the movable border above the tab. The Pipeline tab expands to fit in the Developer window.



Example

In the following example, the unitPrice variable cannot be linked to num1 because the unitPrice variable has a dimensionality of 1 ( string (0) + document list (1) = 1) and num1 has a dimension of 0.

unitPrice cannot be linked to num1 because of dimensionality differences

Solution

To solve this, you can either:

Change the service invoked by the transformer to accept arrays as data, or

Create a flow service in which a LOOP step loops over the array variable. Then, (in the same flow service) invoke the service you originally wanted to use as a transformer, and make that INVOKE step a child of the LOOP. Finally, insert the resulting flow service as a transformer in the MAP.

Of the two options, changing the service to accept arrays as data results in faster execution of flow services.

Validating Input and Output for TransformersAs with any service you insert using an INVOKE, you can validate the inputs and outputs of the transformer service before and/or after it executes. To indicate that you want to validate a transformer’s inputs and outputs, you change the properties of the transformer. You do not have to use validation for all of the transformers you insert into a MAP step.

When the server validates a transformer’s inputs and outputs at run time, it validates the transformer against the input and output parameters of the invoked service. To view the input and output parameters of the invoked service, open the service and then click the service’s Input/Output tab. The variables on the input and output sides of the tab represent the declared parameters for the service. To view the constraints placed on a variable, click the variable and view its Constraints properties in the Properties panel.



1 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the transformer you want to validate.


3 Under Transformers, select the transformer for which you want to validate input or output.

4 On the Properties panel, for the Validate input property, select True if you want to validate the input to the transformer against the input parameters of the invoked service.

5 For the Validate output property, select True if you want to validate the output of the transformer against the output parameters of the invoked service.

6 Click OK.

Copying TransformersYou may want to use the same transformer more than once in a MAP step. For example, you might want to convert all the dates in a purchase order to the same format. Instead of using the button to locate and select the service, you can copy and paste the transformer service.

You can also copy transformers between MAP steps in the same flow or MAP steps in different flow services.

1 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the transformer service you want to copy.


3 Under Transformers, select the transformer service you want to copy. Right‐click the transformer and then select Copy.

Note: If the Validate input and/or Validate output properties of the invoked service are set to True, the input and/or output for the service will automatically be validated every time the service is executed. If you set up validation via the properties for a transformer when it is already set up for validation via the service’s Properties panel, then you are performing validation twice. This can slow down the execution of a transformer and, ultimately, the flow service.

To validate the input and output of a transformer

Important! Copying a transformer does not copy the links between transformer variables and pipeline variables or any values you might have assigned to transformer variables using the Set Value modifier.

To copy a transformer



4 To paste the transformer, click anywhere under Transformers. Right‐click and select Paste.

5 Link the input and output variables of the transformer using the procedures described in “Linking Variables to a Transformer” on page 215.

Expanding TransformersYou might find it easier to create links to transformers when you expand the transformer. When you expand a transformer, you can see the Service In and the Service Out variables for the transformer and all of the links between the pipeline and the transformer variables.

Pipeline tab with an expanded transformer

When you expand a transformer, you can only perform actions for that transformer, for example, you can only link variables or set properties for the expanded transformer. Other transformers and links to other transformers remain hidden until you collapse the transformer.

To expand the contents of a transformer, click Compose Expand.

To collapse the contents of a transformer, click Compose Collapse.

Note: If you expand a transformer, you can use the Set Value modifier to assign a value to a variable in Service In.

To expand and collapse the contents of a transformer

Tip! You can also expand/collapse a transformer by double‐clicking it.



Renaming TransformersIf Integration Server displays the message “Transformer not found” when you try to expand a transformer or when you point the mouse to the transformer, then the service referenced by the transformer has been renamed, moved, or deleted. You need to change the Service property of the transformer so that the transformer points to the moved, or renamed service.

If the service referenced by the transformer has been deleted, you may want to delete the transformer.

1 Use the Navigation panel to determine the new name or location of the service called by the transformer.

2 Open the flow service containing the transformer you want to rename.

3 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the transformer. Then, on the Pipeline tab, select the transformer you want to rename.

4 In the Service property on the Properties panel, delete the old name and type in the service’s new fully qualified name in the folderName:serviceName format, or click to select a service from a list.

Note: If Integration Server displays a message stating that the transformer cannot be found, then the service invoked by the transformer has been renamed, moved, or deleted. You must use the transformer properties to rename the transformer. See the following section for more information.

Tip! You can enable safeguards so that you do not inadvertently affect or break other services when you move, rename, or delete a service. For more information, see “Specifying Dependency Checking Safeguards” on page 43.

To rename a transformer



Debugging TransformersWhen you test and debug a flow service, you can use the following testing and debugging techniques with transformers:

Step into a MAP step and step through the execution of each transformer. For more information about stepping into and out of a MAP step, see “Using the Step Tools with a MAP Step” on page 288.

Set a breakpoint on a transformer so that service execution stops when the transformer is encountered. For more information about setting breakpoints, see “Setting Breakpoints” on page 288.

Disable a transformer so that it does not execute at run time. For more information about disabling transformers, see “Disabling Transformers” on page 293.


9 Creating IS Schemas, IS Document Types, and Specifications

Creating an IS Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Creating an IS Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Creating a Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248



Creating an IS Schema

An IS schema is a “free‐standing” element in the Navigation panel that acts as the blueprint or model against which you validate an XML document. The IS schema provides a formal description of the structure and content for a valid instance document (the XML document). The formal description is created through the specification of constraints. An IS schema can contain the following types of constraints:

Structural constraints in an IS schema describe the elements, attributes, and types that appear in a valid instance document. For example, an IS schema for a purchase order might specify that a valid <lineItem> element must consist of the <itemNumber>, <size>, <color>, <quantity>, and <unitPrice> elements in that order.

Content constraints in an IS schema describe the type of information that elements and attributes can contain in a valid instance document. For example, the <quantity> element might be required to contain a value that is a positive integer.

During data validation, the validation engine in webMethods Integration Server compares the elements and attributes in the instance document with the structural and content constraints described for those elements and attributes in the IS schema.The validation engine considers the instance document to be valid when it complies with the structural and content constraints described in the IS schema. For more information about data validation, see Chapter 10, “Performing Data Validation”.

You can create IS schemas from an XML Schema, a DTD (Document Type Definition), or an XML document that references an existing DTD. For information about creating IS schemas, see “Creating an IS Schema” on page 229.

What Does an IS Schema Look Like?The appearance and content of an IS schema depends on whether you generate an IS schema from an XML Schema or a DTD. For example, if you create an IS schema from an XML Schema, the resulting IS schema displays type definitions, element declarations, and attribute declarations. If you create an IS schema from a DTD, the resulting IS schema displays element type declarations.

When you select an IS schema in the Navigation panel, Developer displays the contents of the IS schema in the editor. The schema editor is divided into two areas: the schema browser on the left and the schema details area on the right. Above these areas, the editor identifies the target namespace for the IS schema.



Schema editor

Schema BrowserThe schema browser displays the components of an IS schema in a format that mirrors the structure and content of the source file. The schema browser groups the global element declarations, attribute declarations, simple type definitions, and complex type definitions from the source file under the top‐level headings ELEMENTS, ATTRIBUTES, SIMPLE TYPES, and COMPLEX TYPES. For example, the ELEMENTS heading contains all of the global element declarations from the XML Schema or the DTD.

If the source file does not contain one of these global components, the corresponding heading is absent. For example, if you create an IS schema from an XML Schema that does not contain any global attribute declarations, the schema browser does not display the ATTRIBUTES heading. An IS schema created from a DTD never displays the SIMPLE TYPES or COMPLEX TYPES headings because DTDs do not contain type definitions.

The schema browser uses unique symbols to represent the components of the IS schema. Each of these symbols relates to a component of an XML Schema or a DTD. The following table identifies the symbol for each component that can appear in an IS schema.

Note: A DTD does contain attribute declarations. However, the schema browser does not display the ATTRIBUTES heading for IS schemas generated from DTDs. This is because an attribute declaration in a DTD associates the attribute with an element type. Accordingly, the schema browser displays attributes as children of the element type declaration to which they are assigned. For more information, see the webMethods Integration Server Schema Reference.

Specifies the targetnamespace to

which the schemabelongs.

Select a componentin the schema

browser...

...to view and/or editthe component in the

schema details area.



Note: In the following table, global refers to elements, attributes, and types declared or defined as immediate children of the <schema> element in an XML Schema. All element type declarations in a DTD are considered global declarations.

Symbol Description

Element declaration. An element declaration associates an element name with a type definition. This symbol corresponds to the <element> declaration in an XML Schema and the ELEMENT declaration in a DTD.

Element reference. An element reference is a reference from an element declaration in a content specification to a globally declared element.

In an IS schema generated from an XML Schema, this symbol corresponds to the ref="globalElementName" attribute in an <element> declaration.

In an IS schema generated from DTD, this symbol appears next to an element that is a child of another element. The parent element has only element content.

Any element declaration. In XML Schema, an <any> element declaration is a wildcard declaration used as a placeholder for one or more undeclared elements in an instance document.

In a DTD, an element declared to be of type ANY can contain any well‐formed XML. This symbol corresponds to an element declared to be of type ANY.

Because an <any> element declaration does not have a name, the schema browser uses ʹAnyʹ as the name of the element.

Attribute declaration. An attribute declaration associates an attribute name with a simple type definition. This symbol corresponds to the XML Schema <attribute> declaration or the attribute in a DTD ATTLIST declaration.

Attribute reference. An attribute reference is a reference from a complex type definition to a globally declared attribute. This symbol corresponds to the ref="globalAttributeName" attribute in an attribute declaration.

DTDs do not have attribute references. Consequently, attribute references do not appear in IS schemas generated from DTDs.

Any attribute declaration. An any attribute declaration is a wildcard declaration used as a placeholder for undeclared attributes in an instance document. This symbol corresponds to the <anyAttribute> declaration in an XML Schema.

Because an <anyAttribute> declaration does not specify an attribute name, the schema browser uses ʹAnyʹ as the name of the attribute.



Simple type definition. A simple type definition specifies the data type for a text‐only element or an attribute. Unlike complex type definitions, simple type definitions cannot carry attributes. This symbol corresponds to the <simpleType> element in an XML Schema.

If the simple type definition is unnamed (an anonymous type), the schema browser displays ʹAnonymousʹ as the name of the simple type definition.

Complex type definition. A complex type definition defines the structure and content for elements of complex type. (Elements of complex type can contain child elements and carry attributes.) This symbol corresponds to the <complexType> element in an XML Schema.

If the complex type definition is unnamed (an anonymous type), the schema browser displays ʹAnonymousʹ as the name of the complex type definition.

Sequence content model. A sequence content model specifies that the child elements in the instance document must appear in the same order in which they are declared in the content model. This symbol corresponds to the <sequence> compositor in an XML Schema or a sequence list in an element type declaration in a DTD.

Choice content model. A choice content model specifies that only one of the child elements in the content model can appear in the instance document. This symbol corresponds to the <choice> compositor in an XML Schema or a choice list in a DTD element type declaration.

All content model. An all content model specifies that child elements can appear once, or not at all, and in any order in the instance document. This symbol corresponds to the <all> compositor in an XML Schema.

Mixed content. Elements that contain mixed content allow character data to be interspersed with child elements. This symbol corresponds to the mixed="true" attribute in an XML Schema complex type definition or a DTD element list in which the first item is #PCDATA.

Empty content. In an XML Schema, an element has empty content when its associated complex type definition does not contain any element declarations. An element with empty content may still carry attributes.

In a DTD, an element has empty content when it is declared to be of type EMPTY.

Symbol Description



Schema Details AreaThe schema details area displays information that you use to examine and edit the selected component in the schema browser. The contents of the schema details area vary depending on what component you select. For example, when you select a globally declared element of complex type, the schema details area looks like the following.

Schema details area for a global element declaration of complex type

When you select a simple type definition, the schema details area looks like the following:

Schema details area for a simple type definition

... the schema detailsarea displays

information about thatelement.

If you select anelement

declaration...

If you select a simpletype definition...

... the schema detailsarea displays fields for

viewing/editing thesimple type.



Creating an IS SchemaIn Developer, you can create IS schemas from XML Schema definitions, DTDs, and XML documents that reference an existing DTD. The resulting IS schema contains all of the defined types, declared elements, and declared attributes from the source file.


2 In the New dialog box, select Schema, and then click Next.

3 In the New Schema dialog box, next to Folder, select the folder where you want to save the IS schema.

4 In the Name field, type a name for the IS schema using any combination of letters, numbers, and the underscore character. Click Next.

5 In the New Schema dialog box, select one of the following to specify the source for the IS schema.

Note: The actual work of creating an IS schema is performed by the schema processor. The schema processor is the subsystem of the webMethods Integration Server that compiles an IS schema from a source file.

Note: You can find sample XML Schema definitions in the following directory: Developer_directory\samples\xml\xsd. You can also find XML Schema definitions and DTDs on the Web sites for these groups: (www.w3c.org and www.openapplications.org).

To create an IS schema

Important! If you specify a name that uses a reserved word or character, webMethods Integration Server displays an error message. When this happens, use a different name or try adding a letter or number to the name to make it valid. For more information about restricted characters for packages, folders, and elements, see “About Element Names” on page 41.

Specify... To...

XML Create an IS schema based on an existing DTD referenced by an XML document.

DTD Create an IS schema based on a DTD.

XML Schema

Create an IS schema based on an XML Schema definition.

Important! You can create an IS schema from an XML document only if the XML document references an existing DTD.


http://www.w3c.org

http://www.openapplications.org


6 Click Next.

7 In the Enter the URL or select a local file box, do one of the following:

If you want to base the IS schema on an XML document, DTD, or XML Schema definition that resides on the Internet, type the URL of the resource. (The URL you specify must begin with http: or https:.)

If you want to base the IS schema on an XML document, DTD, or XML Schema definition that resides on your local file system, type the path and file name, or

click to navigate to and select the file.

8 Click Finish. Developer generates the IS schema using the document you specified and displays it in the editor.

Creating IS Schemas from XML Schemas that Reference Other SchemasA schema author can insert the elements, attributes, and type definitions from another schema into the schema they are creating. A schema author might do this to break up a large XML Schema into several small, more reusable XML Schemas. When you generate an IS schema from an XML Schema that references another schema, the schema processor either includes all of the schema components in a single IS schema, creates multiple IS schemas, or creates no IS schema at all. The behavior of the schema processor depends on the mechanism the source XML Schema uses to reference the other schema. The following mechanisms can be used to reference an external schema:

Include. When you generate an IS schema from an XML Schema that uses <include> to include the contents of an external schema in the same namespace, the resulting IS schema contains all of the defined types, declared elements, and declared attributes from the source schema and the external schema. If the including, or root, XML Schema references an external schema that does not contain a target namespace declaration, the external schema assumes the target namespace of the root schema.

Import. When you generate an IS schema from an XML Schema that contains an <import> element to import the contents of an external schema in a different namespace, the schema processor creates one IS schema per namespace. For example, if the source XML Schema imports two XML Schemas from the same namespace, the schema processor creates an IS schema for the source XML Schema and then a second IS schema that includes the components from the two imported XML schemas. The schema processor assigns each imported schema the name that you specify and appends an underscore and a number to each name. For example, if you create an IS

Note: You might receive errors or warnings when creating an IS schema from an XML Schema definition or DTD. For more information about these errors and warnings, see Appendix G, “Validation Errors and Exceptions”.

Note: When creating an IS schema from an XML Schema definition, Developer validates the schema and does not create the IS schema if the XML Schema definition is not valid. For more information, see “IS Schema Generation Errors and Warnings” on page 470.



schema named “mySchema” from mySchema.xsd, the schema processor generates an IS schema named “mySchema_2” for the imported XML Schema.

Redefine. Schema authors can also use <redefine> to include and then redefine type definitions, model groups, and attribute groups from an external XML Schema in the same namespace.

Editing a Simple Type in an IS SchemaYou can modify a simple type definition in an IS schema without editing the source XML Schema definition. You edit a simple type by adding or changing the value of one or more constraining facets applied to the simple type. For example, you can modify a simple type by adding an enumerated value, a pattern constraint, or changing the length constraint. Editing the simple type through Developer is an alternative to editing the source XML Schema definition and regenerating the IS schema.

You can edit any of the globally defined simple types (those that appear under the SIMPLE TYPES heading) or anonymous simple types (those defined as part of an element or attribute declaration.) A named simple type that appears as a child of an element or attribute in the schema browser cannot be edited. (These simple types are global simple types used to define the element or attribute they appear under.) The following illustration identifies the simple type definitions that you can and cannot edit.

Editable simple type definitions in an IS schema

The string simple typecannot be edited.

This globally definedsimple type can be

edited.

This simple typecannot be edited

because it refers to aglobally defined simple

type.

This anonymoussimple type can be

edited.



When modifying a simple type definition, keep the following points in mind:

Changes to a simple type definition affect the elements and attributes for which the simple type is the defined type. For example, if the attribute partNum is defined to be of type SKU, changes to the SKU simple type definition affect the partNum attribute.

Changes to a global simple type definition in an IS schema do not affect simple types derived from the global simple type; that is, the changes are not propagated to the derived types in the IS schema.

Simple types in an IS schema can be used as content constraints for fields in pipeline validation. Consequently, changes to a simple type also affect every field to which the simple type is applied as a content constraint.

Changes to a simple type definition are saved in the IS schema. If you regenerate the IS schema from the XML Schema definition, your changes will be overwritten.

When you edit the constraining facets applied to a simple type definition, you can only make the constraining facet values more restrictive. The constraining facets cannot become less restrictive. For more information about setting values for constraining facets, see “Setting Constraining Facet Values” on page 233.

1 Open the IS schema that contains the simple type you want to edit.

2 In the schema browser area of the editor, select the simple type that you want to edit. The symbol appears next to simple types.

3 In the schema details area, specify the constraining facets that you want to apply to the simple type. For more information about constraining facets, see “Constraining Facets” on page 448.


Tip! You can create a custom simple type to apply to a field as a content type constraint. For more information about creating a custom simple type and applying constraints to fields, see “Setting Constraining Facet Values” on page 233.

Tip! If you want to edit complex type definitions, attribute declarations, element declarations, or the structure of the schema, you need to edit the XML Schema and then regenerate the IS schema.

To edit a simple type definition



Setting Constraining Facet ValuesYou can edit any of the constraining facet values that appear in the schema details area when you select an editable simple type definition in the schema browser. The constraining facets displayed in the schema details area depend on the primitive type from which the simple type was derived. For example, if the simple type definition is derived from string, the schema details area displays the enumeration, length, minLength, maxLength, pattern, and whiteSpace facets. The schema details area only displays constraining facet values set in the simple type definition. It does not display constraining facet values the simple type definition inherited from the simple types from which it was derived.

You can view the constraining facet values set in the type definitions from which a simple type was derived by clicking the Base Constraints button. Base constraints are the constraining facet values set in all the type definitions from which a simple type is derived—from the primitive type to the immediate parent type. These constraint values represent the cumulative facet values for the simple type.

When you edit the constraining facets for a simple type definition, you can only make the constraining facets more restrictive—the applied constraining facets cannot become less restrictive. For example, if the length value is applied to the simple type, the maxLength or minLength values cannot be set because the maxLength and minLength facets are less restrictive than length.

Creating an IS Document TypeAn IS document type contains a set of fields used to define the structure and type of data in a document (IData object). You can use an IS document type to specify input or output parameters for a service or specification. You can also use an IS document type to build a document or document list field and as the blueprint for pipeline validation and document (IData object) validation.

IS document types can provide the following benefits:

Using an IS document type as the input or output signature for a service can reduce the effort required to build a flow.

Using an IS document type to build document or document list fields can reduce the effort needed to declare input or output parameters or the effort/time needed to build other document fields.

IS document types improve accuracy, because there is less opportunity to introduce a typing error typing field names.

IS document types make future changes easier to implement, because you can make a change in one place (the IS document type) rather than everywhere the IS document type is used.



You can create an IS document type in the following ways:

Create an empty IS document type and define the structure of the document type yourself by inserting fields.

Create an IS document type from a source file, such as an XML Schema, DTD, or XML document. The structure and content of the IS document type will match that of the source file.

Create an IS document type from a Broker document type.

Creating an Empty IS Document TypeWhen you create an empty IS document type, you insert fields to define the contents and structure of the IS document type.


2 In the New dialog box, select Document Type and click Next.

3 In the New Document Type dialog box, do the following:

a In the list next to Folder, select the folder in which you want to save the IS document type.

b In the Name field, type a name for the IS document type using any combination of letters, numbers, and/or the underscore character. For information about restricted characters, see “About Element Names” on page 41.

c Click Next.

4 Under Select a source, select None to indicate that you want to create an empty IS document type in which you define the structure and fields.

5 Click Finish.

6 To add fields in the IS document type, do the following:

a Click on the toolbar and select the type of field that you want to define.

b Type the name of the field and then press ENTER.

Note: If you intend to make the IS document type publishable, keep in mind that the Broker has restrictions for field names. If you create a trigger that subscribes to the publishable document type, any filters that include field names containing restricted characters will be saved on the Integration Server only. The filters will not be saved on the Broker, possibly affecting Integration Server performance. For more information, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

To create an empty IS document type



c With the field selected, set field properties and apply constraints in the Properties panel (optional).

For more information about setting field properties, see “Specifying Field Properties” on page 247. For information about applying constraints, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.

d If the field is a document or a document list, repeat steps a–c to define and set the properties and constraints for each of its members. Use to indent each member field beneath the document or document list field.


Creating an IS Document Type from an XML Document, DTD, or XML SchemaYou can create an IS document type based on the structure and content of a source file, such as an XML Schema, DTD, or XML document. When you base the IS document type on a source file, Developer creates an IS document type and an IS schema. The IS document type has the same structure and field constraints as the source document. The IS schema contains the elements, attributes, and data types defined in the XML Schema or DTD. The IS document type, which displays the fields and structure of the source document, uses links to the IS schema to obtain content type information about named simple types.

Points to Consider for All SourcesKeep the following point in mind when creating an IS document type from an XML Schema, DTD, or XML document:

When creating a field from an attribute declaration, the Integration Server inserts the @ symbol at the beginning of the field name. For example, an attribute named myAttribute in the source file corresponds to a field named @myAttribute in the IS document type.

Note: Developer prevents the insertion of fields named _env in an IS document type. For details about the _env field, see “The Envelope Field” on page 243.

Note: Developer displays small symbols next to a field icon to indicate validation constraints. Developer uses to indicate an optional field. Developer uses the ‡ symbol to denote a field with a content constraint. For information about applying constraints to fields, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.



Points to Consider When Using a DTD As the SourceKeep the following point in mind when creating an IS document type from a DTD:

The Integration Server assumes that the DTD is UTF8‐encoded. If the DTD is not UTF8‐encoded, add the XML prolog to the top of the DTD and explicitly state the encoding. For example, for a DTD encoded in 8859‐1, you would insert the following at the top of the document:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="8859-1" ?>

Points to Consider When Using an XML Schema As the SourceKeep the following points in mind when creating an IS document type from an XML Schema:

Before creating the IS document type and the IS schema, Integration Server validates the XML Schema. If the XML Schema does not conform syntactically to the schema for XML Schemas defined in XML Schema Part 1: Structures, Integration Server does not create an IS schema or an IS document type. Instead, Developer displays an error message that lists the number, title, location, and description of the validation errors within the XML Schema.

Integration Server uses the prefixes declared in the XML Schema as part of the field names. Field names have the format prefix:elementName or prefix:@attributeName.

If the XML Schema does not use prefixes, the Integration Server creates prefixes for each unique namespace and uses those prefixes in the field names. Integration Server uses “ns” as the prefix for the first namespace, “ns1” for the second namespace, “ns2”

Integration Server can create separate IS document types for named complex types or expand document types inline within one document type. For more information, see “Expanding Complex Document Types Inline” on page 237.

Integration Server can create one field for a substitution group or create fields for every member element in a substitution group. For more information, see “Generating Fields for Substitution Groups” on page 239.



Expanding Complex Document Types Inline

Integration Server processes complex types from an XML Schema in one of two ways, depending on an option you select when you create a new IS document type. One way is to expand the complex type as an “inline” document type in the editor. The other way is to generate a separate IS document type for each complex type in the schema, with references to those document types.

Example XML Schema

If you select the option to expand complex types inline, the schema processor generates the document type as follows. In this example, the schema processor expanded the complex types named documentX and documentY inline within the new IS document type:

Complex types expanded inline

If you select the option to generate complex types as separate document types, the schema processor generates the document types as follows. In this example, the schema processor generated three IS document types—one for the complex type named documentY, one for the complex type named documentX (with a reference to documentY), and one for the root element eltA (with references to documentX and documentY):

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://usecases/xsd2doc/01" xmlns:uc="http://usecases/xsd2doc/01" >

<xsd:element name="eltA" type="uc:documentX" /><xsd:complexType name="documentX">

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="eltX_E" type="xsd:string" /><xsd:element name="eltX_F" type="uc:documentY" />

</xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType><xsd:complexType name="documentY">

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="eltY_G" type="xsd:string" /><xsd:element name="eltY_H" type="xsd:string" />

</xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>

</xsd:schema>



Complex types generated as separate document types

The schema processor generates all three document types in the same folder.

If the XML Schema you are using to generate an IS document type contains recursive complex types (that is, element declarations that refer to their parent complex types directly or indirectly), you can avoid errors in the document type generation process by selecting the option to generate complex types as separate document types. (Selecting the option to expand complex types inline will result in infinitely expanding nested documents.)

Note: If the complex type is anonymous, the schema processor expands it inline rather than generate a separate document type.



Generating Fields for Substitution Groups

Integration Server processes substitution group elements in one of two ways, depending on the value of the watt.core.schema.generateSubstitutionGroups property:

When this property is set to true, the schema processor imports all substitution group members (head element and substitutable elements) as optional fields, even though they are defined as required elements in the XML Schema definition.

When this property is set to false, the resulting document type contains a field that corresponds to the head element in the substitution group, but does not contain any elements for members of the substitution group. This is the default.

If the head element is declared as abstract, the Integration Server does not include that element in the IS document type.





b In the Name field, type a name for the IS document type using any combination of letters, numbers, and/or the underscore character. For information about reserved words or characters, see “About Element Names” on page 41.

c Click Next.

4 Under Select a source, select one of the following:

5 Click Next.

To create an IS document type from an XML document, DTD, or XML Schema

Select... To...

XML Create an IS document type that matches the structure and fields in an XML document.

DTD Create an IS document type that matches the structure and fields in a DTD.

XML Schema Create an IS document type that matches the structure and fields in an XML Schema definition.



6 In the Enter the URL or select a local file box, do one of the following:

If you want to base the IS document type on a file that resides on the Internet, type the URL of the resource. (The URL you specify must begin with http: or https:.)

If you want to base the IS document type on a file that resides on your local file system, type in the path and file name, or click to navigate to and select the file.

7 Do one of the following based on your selection in step 4:

If you selected XML, click Finish. Developer generates the IS document type using the XML document you specified and displays it in the editor.

If you selected DTD, click Next. Developer prompts you to select the root element of the document. Select the root element and click OK. Developer generates the IS document type and displays it in the editor. Developer also generates an IS schema and displays it in the Navigation panel.

If you selected XML Schema, click Next and do the following:

1 Select the root element of the document.

2 Select the appropriate option to specify whether Developer should process complex types by expanding them inline in the editor or by generating them as separate IS document types.

3 Click Finish. Developer generates the IS document type(s) and displays them in the editor. Developer also generates an IS schema and displays it in the Navigation panel.

Developer creates the IS document type and saves it on the Integration Server. If you want to add or edit fields in the IS document type, see “Creating an Empty IS Document Type” on page 234.

Creating an IS Document Type from a Broker Document TypeIf your Integration Server is connected to a Broker, you can create an IS document type from a Broker document type. The IS document type retains the structure, fields, data types, and publication properties defined in the Broker document type. For detailed information about how a Broker document type translates to an IS document type and vice versa, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

When you create an IS document type from a Broker document type, you essentially create a publishable document type. A publishable document type is an IS document type with specific publishing properties, such as storage type and time to live. Additionally, a publishable document type on an Integration Server is bound to a Broker document type.

Note: You might receive errors or warnings when creating an IS document type from a DTD or XML Schema definition. For more information about these errors and warnings, see “Validation Errors” on page 452.



An instance of a publishable document type can be published to a Broker or locally within an Integration Server.

A publishable document type can be used anywhere an IS document type can be used. For example, you can use a publishable document type to define the input or output parameters of a service. A document reference field can reference an IS document type or a publishable document type. You can use a publishable document type as the blueprint for performing document or pipeline validation.

When you create an IS document type from a Broker document type that references other elements, Developer will also create an element for each referenced element. The Integration Server will contain a document type that corresponds to the Broker document type and one new element for each element the Broker document type references. Developer also creates the folder in which the referenced element was located. Developer saves the new elements in the package you selected for storing the new publishable document type.

For example, suppose that the Broker document type references a document type named address in the customerInfo folder. Developer would create an IS document type named address and save it in the customerInfo folder. If a field in the Broker document type was constrained by a simple type definition declared in the IS schema purchaseOrder, Developer would create the referenced IS schema purchaseOrder.

An element referenced by a Broker document type might have the same name as an existing element on your Integration Server. However, element names must be unique on the Integration Server. Developer gives you the option of overwriting the existing elements with the referenced elements.

Tip! Any IS document type can be made into a publishable document type. For information about making a document type publishable or setting publication properties, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

Important! If you do not select the Overwrite existing elements when importing referenced elements check box and the Broker document type references an element with the same name as an existing Integration Server element, Developer will not create the publishable document type.

Important! If you choose to overwrite existing elements with new elements, keep in mind that dependents of the overwritten elements will be affected. For example, suppose the address document type defined the input signature of a flow service deliverOrder. Overwriting the address document type might break the deliverOrder flow service and any other services that invoked deliverOrder.







b In the Name field, type a name for the IS document type using any combination of letters, numbers, and/or the underscore character.

c Click Next.

4 Under Select a source, select Broker Document Type, and click Next.


a In the Broker Namespace field, select the Broker document type from which you want to create an IS document type. The Broker Namespace field lists all of the Broker document types on the Broker territory to which the Integration Server is connected.

b If you want to replace existing elements in the Navigation panel with identically named elements referenced by the Broker document type, select the Overwrite existing elements when importing referenced elements check box.

6 Click Finish. Developer automatically refreshes the Navigation panel and displays beside the document type name to indicate it is a publishable document type.

Notes:

You can associate only one IS document type with a given Broker document type. If you try to create a publishable document type from a Broker document type that is already associated with a publishable document type on your Integration Server, Developer displays an error message.

In the Publication category of the Properties panel, the Broker doc type property displays the name of the Broker document type used to create the publishable document type. Or, if you are not connected to a Broker, this field displays Not Publishable. You cannot edit the contents of this field. For more information about the contents of this field, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

To create an IS document type from a Broker document type

Important! Overwriting the existing elements completely replaces the existing element with the content of the referenced element. Any elements on the Integration Server that depend on the replaced element, such as flow services, IS document types, and specifications, might be affected.



Once a publishable document type has an associated Broker document type, you need to make sure that the document types remain in sync. That is, changes in one document type must be made to the associated document type. You can update one document type with changes in the other by synchronizing them. For information about synchronizing document types, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

The Envelope FieldAll publishable document types contain an envelope (_env) field. This field is a document reference to the pub:publish:envelope document type. This document type defines the content and structure of the envelope that accompanies instances of the publishable document. The envelope records information such as the sender’s address, the time the document was sent, sequence numbers, and other useful information for routing and control. The envelope is much like a header in an e‐mail message.

Because the _env field is needed for publication, Developer controls the usage of the _env field in the following ways:

You cannot insert an _env field in a document type. Developer automatically inserts the _env field at the end of the document type when you make the document type publishable.

You cannot copy and paste the _env field from one document type to another. You can copy this field to the Input/Output tab.

You cannot move, rename, or cut the _env field from a document type. Developer automatically removes the _env field when you make a document type unpublishable.

You can only delete an _env field from a document type that is not publishable.

The _env field is always the last field in a publishable document type.

For more information about the _env field and the contents of the pub:publish:envelope document type, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

Adapter Notifications and Publishable Document TypesAdapter notifications notify webMethods components whenever a specific event occurs on an adapterʹs resource. The adapter notification publishes a document when the specified event occurs on the resource. For example, if you are using the JDBC Adapter and a change occurs in a database table that an adapter notification is monitoring, the adapter notification publishes a document containing data from the event and sends it to the Integration Server.

An adapter notification can have an associated publishable document type . When you create a polling or asynchronous listener adapter notification in Developer, the

Note: If an IS document type contains a field named _env, you need to delete that field before you can make the IS document type publishable.



Integration Server automatically generates a corresponding publishable document type. Developer assigns the publishable document type the same name as the adapter notification, but appends PublishDocument to the name. That is, Developer assigns the publishable document type the name: NotificationNamePublishDocument. You can use this publishable document type with triggers and flow services just as you would any other publishable document type.

In a publishable document type associated with an adapter notification, you can edit only the Storage type and Time to live publication properties. To make any other modifications to the publishable document type, you must modify the adapter notification type. Integration Server automatically applies the changes to the publishable document type. For information about publication properties, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

For more information about creating and using adapter notifications, see the appropriate adapter user guide. For more information about performing actions on adapter notifications and their associated publishable document types, see Chapter 2, “Managing Elements in the Navigation Panel”.

Editing an IS Document TypeWhen you make a change to an IS document type, keep in mind that any change is automatically propagated to all services, specifications, document fields, and document list fields that use or reference the IS document type. (This happens when you save the updated IS document type to the server.) You can use the Tools Find Dependents command to view a list of elements that use the IS document type and will be affected by any changes.

Modifying Publishable Document TypesWhen you modify a publishable document type, such as by deleting a field or changing a property, the publishable document type is no longer synchronized with the corresponding document type on the Broker. When you save your changes to the publishable document type, Developer displays a message stating:

This document type is now out of sync with the associated Broker document type. Use Sync Document Type to synchronize the document type with the Broker.

Developer displays this message only if a Broker is configured for the Integration Server. To update the associated Broker document type with the changes, synchronize the publishable document type with the Broker document type. For more information about synchronizing document types, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

Important! If you use an IS document type as the blueprint for pipeline or document validation, any changes you make to the IS document type can affect whether the object being validated (pipeline or document) is considered valid. For more information about validation, see Chapter 10, “Performing Data Validation”.



Printing an IS Document TypeYou can use the View as HTML command to produce a printable version of an IS document type.

1 Open the IS document type you want to print and click its title bar in the editor to give it the focus.

2 From the File menu, select View as HTML.

Developer expands any document and document list fields in the IS document type, creates an HTML page containing the IS document type, and displays the HTML page in your default browser.

3 If you want to print the IS document type, select your browser’s print command.

Using an IS Document Type to Specify Service Input or Output ParametersYou can use an IS document type as the set of input or output parameters for a service or specification. If you have multiple services with identical input parameters but different output parameters, you can use an IS document type to define the input parameters rather than manually specifying individual input fields for each service.

1 Open the service to which you want to assign the IS document type.

2 Click the Input/Output tab.

3 In the Input or Output box (depending on which half of the Input/Output tab you want to apply the IS document type to), type the fully qualified name of the IS document type or click to select it from a list. You can also drag an IS document type from the Navigation panel to the box below the Validate input or Validate output check boxes on the Input/Output tab.


To print an IS document type

To use an IS document type as service input or output parameters

Important! When an IS document type is assigned to the input or output of a service, you cannot add, delete, or modify the fields on that half of the Input/Output tab.



Using an IS Document Type to Build a Document Reference or Document Reference List FieldYou can use an IS document type to build a document reference or document reference list field. By referencing an IS document type instead of creating a new one, you can reduce the time required to create fields and maintain better consistency for field names. You might find referencing fields especially useful for information that is repeated over and over again, such as address information.

1 On the Input/Output tab, click on the toolbar and select one of the following:

2 In the Name field, type the fully qualified name of the IS document type or select it from the list next to Folder.

3 Click OK.

4 Type the name of the field.

5 Press ENTER.

Tip! You can also use a publishable document type to build a document reference or document reference list field.

To use a document type to build a document reference or document reference list

Click... To...

Document Reference Create a document field based on an IS document type.

Document Reference List Create a document list field based on an IS document type.

Important! If you are creating a document reference or document reference list field based on an IS document type, you cannot directly add, delete, or modify its members on the Input/Output tab. To edit the referenced document or document list, select it in the Navigation panel, lock it, and then edit its fields in the editor.

Tip! You can also add a document reference by dragging an IS document type from the Navigation panel to the box below the Validate input or Validate output check boxes on the Input/Output tab.



Specifying Field PropertiesYou can specify additional properties for the field. These properties are located in the Properties panel.

Field properties

On the Properties panel, the General category contains the properties of the field and the Constraints category contains validation constraints for the field. (For more information about specifying validation constraints, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.)

The Text Field, Password, Large Editor, and Pick List options of the String display type property affect how you input data for the field as follows. These options are not available for Objects and Object lists.

Note: Use the XML Namespace property to assign a namespace name to a field. The namespace name indicates the namespace to which the field belongs. When generating XML Schema definitions and WSDL documents, the Integration Server uses the value of the XML Namespace field along with the field name (the local name) to create a qualified name (QName) for the field. For more information about setting the XML Namespace property, see the Web Services Developer’s Guide.

If you want the input… Select...

Entered in a text field Text Field (default)Entered as a password, with asterisks reflected instead of characters PasswordEntered in a large text area instead of a text field. This is useful if you expect a large amount of text as input for the field, or you need to have TAB or new line characters in the input

Large Editor

To be limited to a predefined list of values

Use the Pick list choices property’s Edit button to define the values that will appear as choices when Developer prompts for input at run time.

Pick List



Creating a SpecificationA specification is a “free‐standing” IS element that defines a set of service inputs and outputs. If you have multiple services with the same input and output requirements, you can point each service to a single specification rather than manually specify individual input and output fields in each service.

Using specifications provides the following benefits:

It reduces the effort required to build each flow.

It improves accuracy, because there is less opportunity to introduce a typing error when defining a field name.

It makes future specification changes easier to implement, because you can make the change in one place (the specification) rather than in each individual service.

If you use a specification, keep in mind that:

Any change that you make to the specification is automatically propagated to all services that reference that specification. (This happens the moment you save the updated specification to the server.)

A specification wholly defines the input and output parameters for a service that references it. This means that you cannot directly alter the service’s input and output parameters through its Input/Output tab. (Developer displays the parameters, but does not allow you to change them.) To make changes to the input and output parameters of the service, you must modify the specification (which affects all services that reference it) or detach the specification so you can manually define the parameters on the service’s Input/Output tab.

You create a specification with Developer. You assign a specification to a service using the Input/Output tab for the service.




2 In the New dialog box, select Specification, and click Next.

3 In the New Service Specification dialog box, do the following:

a In the list next to Folder, select the folder to which you want to save the specification.

b In the Name field, type a name for the specification using any combination of letters, numbers, and the underscore character.

c Click Finish.

4 If you want this specification to reference another specification, do the following in the editor:

a In Specification Reference field, type the specification’s name or click to select it from a list.

b Skip the rest of this procedure.

To create a specification

Important! Developer does not allow the use of certain reserved words (such as for, while, and if ) as names. If you specify a name that is a reserved word, you will receive an error message. When this happens, use a different name or try adding a letter or number to the name you specified to make it valid.

Important! Typically, you do not build a specification by referencing another specification. However, it is useful to do this in the situation where you will use the specification with a group of services whose requirements are expected to change (that is, they match an existing specification now but are expected to change at some point in the future). Referencing a specification gives you the convenience of using an existing specification and the flexibility to change the specification for only that single group of services in the future.



5 If you want to reference an IS document type for the Input or Output half of the specification, do the following:

a In the Input or Output field (depending on which half of the specification you want to assign the IS document type to), type the IS document type name or click to select it from a list. You can also drag an IS document type from the Navigation panel to the box below the Validate input or Validate output check boxes on the Input/Output tab. For information about creating IS document types, see “Creating an IS Document Type” on page 233.

b Proceed to the next step to specify the fields for the other half of the specification. (If you assigned IS document types to both the Input and Output sides of this specification, skip the rest of this procedure.)

6 For each input or output field that you want to define, do the following:

a Select the half of the specification (Input or Output) where you want to define the field by clicking anywhere in that half’s large white text box.

b Click on the toolbar and select the type of field that you want to specify.

c Type the name of the field and then press ENTER.

d With the field selected, set its properties and apply constraints on the Properties panel (optional).

For details on setting field properties, see “Specifying Field Properties” on page 247. For details on applying constraints, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.

e If the field is a document or a document list, repeat steps b–d to define each of its members. Use to indent each member beneath the document or document list field.


Tip! You can select a publishable document type or an IS document type to define the input or output half of the specification.

Important! Once you assign an IS document type to the Input or Output side of a specification, you cannot add, delete, or modify the fields on that half of the Input/Output tab.



1 Open the service to which you want to assign a specification.


3 In Specification Reference, type the fully qualified name of the specification, or click to select it from a list.

To assign a specification to a service

Important! When a specification is assigned to a service, you cannot add, delete, or modify the declared fields using that service’s Input/Output tab.


10 Performing Data Validation

What Is Data Validation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Applying Constraints to Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Performing Input/Output Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Performing Document Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Performing Pipeline Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Performing XML Validation in webMethods Integration Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Performing Validation from within a Java Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Validation Errors and Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266



What Is Data Validation?Data validation is the process of verifying that run‐time data conforms to a predefined structure and format. Data validation also verifies that run‐time data is a specific data type and falls within a defined range of values.

By performing data validation, you can make sure that:

The pipeline, a document (IData object), or an XML document contains the data needed to execute subsequent services. For example, if a service processes a purchase order, you might want to verify that the purchase order contains a customer name and address.

The data is in the structure expected by subsequent services. For example, a service that processes a purchase order might expect the customer address to be a document field with the following fields: name, address, city, state, and zip.

Data is of the type and within a value range expected by a service. For example, if a service processes a purchase order, you might want to make sure that the purchase order does not contain a negative quantity of an item (such as ‐5 shirts).

By using the data validation capabilities built into webMethods Integration Server, you can decide whether or not to execute a service based on the validity of data. The validation capabilities can also eliminate extra validation code from your services.

What Is Data Validated Against?During validation, run‐time data is compared to a blueprint or model. The blueprint or model is a formal description of the structure and the allowable content for the data. The blueprint identifies structural and content constraints for the data being validated. The validation engine in webMethods Integration Server considers the data to be valid when it conforms to the constraints specified in the blueprint. A blueprint can be an IS schema, an IS document type, or a set of input and output parameters.

The blueprint used to validate data depends on the type of validation you are performing. In webMethods Integration Server, you can perform the following types of validation:

Input/Output validation. The validation engine in webMethods Integration Server validates the input and/or output of a service against the signature of the service.

Document validation. The validation engine in webMethods Integration Server validates the structure and content of a document (IData object) in the pipeline against an IS document type.

Pipeline validation. The validation engine in webMethods Integration Server validates the structure and content of the pipeline against an IS document type.



XML validation. The validation engine in webMethods Integration Server validates the structure and content of an XML document against an IS schema.

The following sections provide information about performing each type of validation and information about applying constraints to fields.

Applying Constraints to VariablesIn pipeline, document, and input/output validation, the blueprint used for data validation requires constraints to be applied to its variables. Constraints are the restrictions on the structure or content of variables. You can apply the following types of constraints to variables:

Structural constraints specify the existence and structure of variables at run time. For example, if the flow service in which you are validating the pipeline processes a purchase order, you might want to check that values for the purchaseOrderNumber, accountNumber, and customerName variables exist at run time.

For document and document list variables, you can also specify the structure of the variable; that is, you can specify what variables can be contained in the document (IData object) or document list (IData[ ] object) at run time. For example, you could specify that the lineItem document variable must contain the child variables itemNumber, quantity, size, color, and unitPrice. You could also specify that the lineItem document can optionally contain the child variable specialInstructions.

Content constraints describe the data type for a variable and the possible values for the variable at run time. You can apply content constraints to String, String list, String table, Object, and Object list variables.

When you specify a content constraint for a String, String list or String table variable, you can also apply a constraining facet to the content. A constraining facet places limitations on the content (data type). For example, for a String variable named itemQuantity, you might apply a content constraint that requires the value to be an integer. You could then apply constraining facets that limit the content of itemQuantity to a value between 1 and 100.

You can use simple types from an IS schema as content constraints for String, String list, or String table variables.

For pipeline and document validation, the IS document type used as the blueprint needs to have constraints applied to its variables. For input/output validation, constraints need to be applied to the declared input and output parameters of the service being validated.

Note: When you create an IS document type from an XML Schema or a DTD, the constraints applied to the elements and attributes in the original document are preserved in the new IS document type. For more information about creating IS document types, see “Creating an IS Document Type” on page 233.



1 Select the variable to which you want to apply constraints.

You can apply constraints to variables in IS document types, variables in a specification, and variables declared on the Input/Output tab.

2 In the Constraints category on the Properties panel, do the following:

a If you want to require the selected variable to exist at run time, set the Required property to True. If the existence of the variable is optional, set this property to False.

b If you want to allow a variable to have a null value, set the Allow null property to True. If you want the validation engine to generate an error when the variable has a null value, set the Allow null property to False.

c If the selected variable is a document or document list and you want to allow it to contain undeclared child variables, set the Allow unspecified fields property to True.

If this property is set to False, any child variables that exist in the pipeline but do not appear in the declared document field will be treated as errors at run time.

d If the selected variable is a String, String list, or String table, and you want to specify content constraints for the variable, click and then do one of the following:

If you want to use a content type that corresponds to a built‐in simple type in XML Schema, in the Content type list, select the type for the variable contents. (For a description of these content constraints, see Appendix F, “Validation Content Constraints”.) To apply the selected type to the variable, click OK.

If you want to customize the content type by changing the constraining facets applied to the type, see “Customizing a String Content Type” on page 257.

If you want to use a simple type from an IS schema as the content constraint, click the Browse button. In the Browse dialog box, select the IS schema containing the simple type you want to apply. Then, select the simple type you want to apply to the variable. To apply the selected type to the variable, click OK.

If you want to customize the content type by changing the constraining facets applied to the type, see “Customizing a String Content Type” on page 257.

To apply constraints to a variable

Note: The state of the Allow unspecified fields property determines whether the document is open or closed. An open document permits undeclared fields (variables) to exist at run time. A closed document does not allow undeclared fields to exist at run time. The Integration Server considers a document to be open if the Allow unspecified fields property is set to True and considers a document to be closed if the Allow unspecified fields property is set to False.



e If the selected variable is an Object or Object list, for the Java wrapper type property, select the Java class for the variable contents. If you do not want to apply a Java class or if the Java class is not listed, select UNKNOWN.

For more information about supported Java classes for Objects and Object lists, see “Java Classes for Objects” on page 407.

3 Repeat this procedure for each variable to which you want to apply constraints in the IS document type, specification, service input, or service output.


Considerations for Object ConstraintsConstraints for Object and Object list variables correspond to Java classes, whereas constraints for String variables correspond to simple types in XML schemas. When you apply constraints to Objects and perform validation, the data is validated as being of the specified Java class. For details on the Java classes you can apply to an Object or Object list, see “Java Classes for Objects” on page 407.

A constrained Object is validated when one of the following occur:

A service runs with the Validate input or Validate output check box selected on the Input/Output tab.

A service runs via the INVOKE step in a flow service with the Validate input or Validate output properties set on the INVOKE step.

The pub.schema:validate service runs.

A document is published. When this occurs, the contents of the document are validated against the specified document type. For details, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

During testing, when you enter values for a constrained Object or Object list in the Input dialog box.

When you assign a value to an Object or Object list variable on the Pipeline tab using the Set Value modifier.

Customizing a String Content TypeInstead of applying an existing content type or simple type to a String, String list, or String table variable, you can customize an existing type and apply the new, modified type to a variable. You customize a content type or simple type by changing the constraining facets applied to the type.

Note: A content type corresponds to a simple type from an XML Schema definition. All of the choices in the Content type list correspond to simple types defined in XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes.



When you customize a type, you actually create a new content type. Developer saves the changes as a new content type named contentType_customized. For example, if you customize the string content type, Developer saves the new content type as string_customized.

When customizing a content type, keep the following points in mind:

When you edit the constraining facets applied to a content type, you can only make the constraining facet values more restrictive. The constraining facets cannot become less restrictive. For more information about setting values for constraining facets, see “Setting Constraining Facet Values” on page 233.

The constraining facets you can specify depend on the content type. For more information about the constraining facets for each content type, see Appendix C, “Supported Data Types” on page 405.

The customized content type applies only to the selected variable. To make changes that affect all variables to which the content type is applied, edit the content type in the IS schema. (String content types are simple types from IS schemas.) For more information about editing simple types, see “Editing a Simple Type in an IS Schema” on page 231.

1 Select the variable to which you want to apply a customized content type.

2 In the Constraints category on the Properties panel, click the Content type browse button ( ) and then do one of the following to select the content type you want to customize:

In the Content type list, select the content type you want to customize.

If you want to customize a simple type from an IS schema, click the Browse button. In the Browse dialog box, select the IS schema containing the simple type. Then, select the simple type you want to customize and apply to the variable.

3 Click the Customize button. Developer makes the constraining facet fields below the Content type list available for data entry (that is, changes the background of the constraining facet fields from grey to white). Developer changes the name of the content type to contentType_customized.

4 In the fields below the Content type list, specify the constraining facet values you want to apply to the content type. For more information about constraining facets, see “Constraining Facets” on page 448.

Note: When you edit a simple type definition in an IS schema, the changes are saved to the selected type definition in the IS schema. The modifications affect any variable to which the simple type is applied as a content type constraint. For more information about editing a simple type definition, see “Editing a Simple Type in an IS Schema” on page 231.

To customize a content type



5 Click OK. Developer saves the changes as a new content type named contentType_customized.

Viewing the Constraints Applied to VariablesDeveloper displays small symbols next to a variable icon to indicate the constraints applied to the variable. Developer displays variables in the following ways:

Performing Input/Output ValidationIn input/output validation, the validation engine in webMethods Integration Server validates the inputs and/or outputs of a service against the declared input and output parameters of the service. If you specify that you want to validate the inputs to the service, the validation engine validates the service input values immediately before the

Note: The constraining facets displayed below the Content type list depend on the primitive type from which the simple type is derived. Primitive types are the basic data types from which all other data types are derived. For example, if the primitive type is string, Developer displays the constraining facets enumeration, length, minLength, maxLength, and pattern. For more information about primitive types, refer to XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema‐2/.

Important! Developer throws exceptions at design time if the constraining facet values for a content type are not valid. For more information about these exceptions, see Appendix G, “Validation Errors and Exceptions”

Variable Constraint status

Required field.

Optional field.

Required field with content type constraint

Optional field with content type constraint

Note: Developer displays the ‡ symbol next to String, String list, and String table variables with a content type constraint only. Developer does not display the ‡ symbol next to Object and Object list variables with a specified Java class constraint. Object and Object lists with an applied Java class constraint have a unique icon. For more information about icons for constrained Objects, see “Java Classes for Objects” on page 407.


http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/


service executes. If you specify that you want to validate the outputs of the service, the validation engine validates the service output values immediately after the service executes. An input or output value is invalid if it does not conform to the constraints applied to the input or output parameter.

For input/output validation, the services’s declared input and output parameters act as the blueprint or model against which input/output values are validated. To effectively use the input and output parameters as the blueprint for validation, you need to apply constraints to the parameters. For information about applying constraints to variables, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255. For information about declaring service input and output parameters, see “Declaring Input and Output Parameters for a Service” on page 122..

You can specify that you want to perform input/output validation for a service in the following ways:

Input/Output tab. Set properties on the Input/Output tab to instruct the validation engine in webMethods Integration Server to validate the inputs and/or outputs of the service every time the service executes. If a client calls the service and the inputs are invalid, the service fails and does not execute.

INVOKE step properties. Set up input/output validation via the INVOKE step properties to instruct the validation engine to validate the service input and/or output only when it is called from within another flow service. At run time, if the inputs and/or outputs of the service are invalid, the INVOKE flow step that calls the service fails.

To determine which method to use, determine whether or not you want the service input and output values validated every time the service runs. If you want to validate the input and output values every time the service runs, specify validation via the Input/Output tab. For example, if your service requires certain input to exist or fall within a specified range of values, you might want the pipeline validated every time the service runs.

If the input and/or output values do not need to be validated every time the service executes, set up validation via the INVOKE step properties. Specifying input/output validation via the INVOKE step properties allows you to decide on a case‐by‐case basis whether you want validation performed.

Note: The declared input and output parameters for a service are sometimes called the signature of the service.

Note: If you specify input/output validation via the INVOKE step and an input or output value is invalid, the service itself does not actually fail. The validation engine validates input values before webMethods Integration Server executes the service. If the service input is not valid, the INVOKE flow step for the service fails. Similarly, the validation engine validates output values after webMethods Integration Server executes the service. If the service output is not valid, the INVOKE flow step for the service fails. Whether or not the entire flow service fails when an individual flow step fails depends on the exit conditions for the service. For information about specifying exit conditions, see “Using SEQUENCE to Specify an Exit Condition” on page 176.



Specifying Input/Output Validation via the Input/Output TabYou can specify that you want the inputs and/or outputs of a service validated every time it executes by setting properties on the Input/Output tab of the service. Every time the service executes, the validation engine validates the input and/or output values of the service against the input and output parameters declared for the service.

1 Open the service for which you want to validate input and/or output every time the service is invoked.


3 If you want the input of the service validated every time the service executes, select the Validate input check box.

4 If you want the output of the service validated every time the service executes, select the Validate output check box.


Input/Output tab with validation processing enabled

To set up input and output validation via the Input/Output tab

Service input valueswill be validated every

time the serviceexecutes.

Service output values will not be validated.



Specifying Input/Output Validation via the INVOKE StepYou can also specify input/output validation by setting properties for the INVOKE step that calls the service. Each time you insert a service into a flow, you can decide whether you want the validation engine to validate service inputs and/or outputs at run time.

1 In the flow editor, select the INVOKE step containing the service for which you want Integration Server to validate input and/or output values.

2 In the General category on the Properties panel, do the following:

If you want to validate input to the service, set the Validate input property to True.

If you want to validate the output of the service, set the Validate output property to True.


INVOKE properties with validation processing enabled

To set up input and output validation via the INVOKE step

Important! Keep in mind that the Validate input and Validate output properties are independent of any validation settings that you might have already set in the service. If you select the Validate input and/or Validate output check boxes on the Input/Output tab of the invoked service, then every time the service executes, input/output validation is performed. If you also specify input/output validation via the INVOKE step, duplicate validation will result, possibly slowing down the execution of the service.

Inputs to the invoked service will be validated.

Outputs of the service will not be validated.



Performing Document ValidationSometimes, you might want to validate an individual document (IData object) in the pipeline instead of the entire pipeline. Using the pub.schema:validate service, you can validate a single document (IData object) in the pipeline against an IS document type.

For example, suppose that you invoke the pub.client.ldap:search service in a flow to retrieve an IData object from an LDAP directory service. If you want to validate that object before you use it in other services, invoke the pub.schema:validate service after retrieving the object. As another example, you might want to validate an XML document that has been converted to document (IData object). You would use the pub.schema:validate service to validate the resulting document (IData object) against an IS document type.

The pub.schema:validate service considers a document (IData object) to be valid when it complies with the structural and content constraints described in the IS document type it is validated against. This service returns a string that indicates whether validation was successful and an IData array that contains any validation errors. When you insert the pub.schema:validate service into a flow service, you can specify the maximum number of errors to be collected by the service. You can also specify whether the pub.schema:validate service should fail if the document (IData object) is invalid.

For more information about the pub.schema:validate service, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Performing Pipeline ValidationPipeline validation is the process of verifying the contents of the pipeline against an IS document type. By validating pipeline data, you can:

Ensure a higher degree of accuracy for pipeline content.

Execute or not execute a service based on the validity of the pipeline data.

Eliminate extra validation code in your service.

In pipeline validation, an IS document type is the blueprint or model against which you validate the pipeline. The constraints applied to the variables in the IS document type

Note: The validation engine in Integration Server performs document (IData object) validation automatically when a document is published. The validation engine validates the published document against the publishable document type.

Tip! If you want to validate only String, String list, or String table variables in the pipeline, use the pub.schema:validatePipeline service. Define an IS document type that contains the variables you want to validate and apply constraints to the variables. Then use this IS document type as the blueprint for the pub.schema:validatePipeline service. Only the variables in the IS document type will be validated. The validation engine ignores other variables that exist in the pipeline at run time. (An IS document type implicitly allows unspecified variables to exist at run time.)



determine what can and cannot be included in the pipeline. For more information about applying constraints to variables, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.

To validate the pipeline, invoke the built‐in service pub.schema:validatePipeline. This service instructs the validation engine to compare the pipeline contents against a specified IS document type. The pipeline is valid when it conforms to the structural and content constraints applied to the IS document type. The pub.schema:validatePipeline service returns a string that indicates whether validation was successful and an IData array (errors variable) that contains any validation errors. For more information about the pub.schema:validatePipeline service, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Performing XML Validation in webMethods Integration Server In webMethods Integration Server, XML validation is the process of verifying the structure and content of an XML document against an IS schema. By validating an XML document, you can ensure that the XML document contains the elements and attributes organized in the structure or format expected by subsequent services. You can also ensure that the elements and attributes contain values that are of the data type expected by subsequent services. In webMethods Integration Server, an XML document is valid when it complies with the structural and content constraints described in the IS schema it is validated against.

For example, if you receive an XML document that contains new employee information, you might want to validate the employee information before executing subsequent services. You might want to make certain the XML document contains an employee name, an address, telephone number, and date of birth information. Additionally, you might want to validate the date of birth information to make sure that it conforms to a specific date format.

To validate an XML document, invoke the pub.schema:validate service. This service instructs the validation engine to validate an XML document by comparing it to a specified IS schema or an IS document type in the Navigation panel. The XML document is valid if it complies with the structural and content constraints described in the IS schema or IS document type. The pub.schema:validate service returns a string that indicates whether validation was successful and an errors variable (an IData array) that contains any validation errors. For information about errors that can occur during validation, see “Validation Errors and Exceptions” on page 266.

Important! The pub.schema:validate service requires a parsed XML document as input (an XML node). The Integration Server parses XML documents it receives via HTTP or FTP automatically. You can also use the pub.xml:loadXMLNode service or the pub.xml:xmlStringToXMLNode to parse an XML document. For more information about submitting XML documents to services, see the XML Services Developer’s Guide. For more information about the pub.xml services, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.



Performing Validation from within a Java ServiceYou can use built‐in services pub.schema:validate and pub.schema:validatePipeline to perform validation from within a Java service. In the following example, the pub.schema:validate service is used to validate the results of the pub.xml:xmlNodeToDocument service against a specification for an OAG purchase order.

Note: If an IS schema contains an element with a nillable attribute and the element generated from the schema also contains the attribute xsi:nil=ʺtrueʺ, no document validation is performed on the generated element.

.

.

.

IData validInput;IData dtrResult;...

// initialize the folder and document type name to point to a document type// that exists on webMethods Integration Server

String ifc = "OAG.PO"String rec = "purchaseOrder"

// put the result from the xmlNodeToDocument service (i.e, the object to be // validated) into the key named <object>

IDataCursor validCursor = validInput.getCursor();IDataCursor dtrCursor = drtResult.getCursor();

if (dtrCursor.first("boundNode")) {// assumption here that there's data at the current cursor positionvalidCursor.insertAfter( "object", dtrCursor.getValue() );

}dtrCursor.destroy();

// set <conformsTo> parameter to point to the document type to validate against// This document type must exist on webMethods Integration ServervalidCursor.insertAfter( "conformsTo", ifc+":"+rec );

// set the <maxErrors> parameter to the number of allowed validation errorsvalidCursor.insertAfter( "maxErrors", "1000" );validCursor.destroy();

// invoke pub.schema.validate to validate contents of <object>IData validResult = context.invoke("pub.schema", "validate", validInput);



For additional information about pub.schema:validate and pub.schema:validatePipeline, see the Schema services in the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Validation Errors and ExceptionsDuring data validation, the validation engine generates errors when it encounters values that do not conform to the structural and content constraints specified in the blueprint. The format in which the validation engine returns errors depends on whether validation was performed using the built‐in services or by checking the declared input and output parameters for the service.

When the validation engine performs data validation by executing the built‐in services pub.schema:validate or pub.schema:validatePipeline, errors are returned in the errors output variable (an IData list). For each validation error, the errors variable lists the error code, the error message, and the location of the error.

When the validation engine performs validation by comparing run‐time data to the declared input and output parameters, the validation engine returns all the validation errors in a string. This string contains the error code, error message, and error location for each error found during input/output validation.

For more information about validation errors, see Appendix G, “Validation Errors and Exceptions”.

Validation ExceptionsIf you use the pub.schema:validate and pub.schema:validatePipeline services to perform data validation, you can determine whether the service should succeed or fail if the data being validated is invalid. You might want a service to succeed even if the data is invalid. In the pub.schema:validate and pub.schema:validatePipeline services, the value of the failIfInvalid input variable determines whether a service fails because of an invalid object.

// check <isValid> to see whether <object> is valid and process accordinglyIDataCursor validCursor = validResult.getCursor();if(validCursor.first("isValid")){ if (IDataUtil.getString(validCursor).equals("false")) { IData [] vr = IDataUtil.getIDataArray(validCursor, "errors"); System.out.println ( vr.length+" ERROR(s) found with example"); for (int j=0; j < vr.length; j++ ) { System.out.println( vr[j].toString() ); } }}validCursor.destroy();

.

.

.



If the pub.schema:validate and pub.schema:validatePipeline service fails, webMethods Integration Server throws a validation exception. A validation exception is generated if one of the following is true:

Errors are detected in the object (XML node, pipeline, or document (IData object)) that is passed (for example, null value).

The basic validation contract is violated (for example, a binary tree is passed instead of a document (IData object) as expected).

You specify that the service should fail if the object to be validated (XML node, pipeline, or document (IData object)) did not conform to the IS schema or IS document type (for example, failIfInvalid = true). If this is the reason for the exception, webMethods Integration Server inserts the validation errors into the exception message.

Running Out of Memory During ValidationDuring validation of an XML node, a large maxOccurs value for an element in the IS schema used as the blueprint can cause an out of memory error or a stack overflow. To prevent a stack overflow or out of memory error, you can set a threshold value for maxOccurs. When the validation engine encounters a maxOccurs value greater than the threshold value, it proceeds as if the maxOccurs value was equal to ʹunboundedʹ.

To set a maxOccurs threshold value, you can edit the server configuration parameter watt.core.schema.maxOccursThresholdValue. By default, this parameter does not have a value.

1 Start webMethods Integration Server and open the Integration Server Administrator.

2 In the Settings menu of the navigation area, click Extended.

3 Click Edit Extended Settings. The server displays the Extended Settings screen.

4 In the text area under Extended Settings, type watt.core.schema.maxOccursThresholdValue=value where value is the number you want to use as the maxOccurs threshold.

5 Click Save Changes.

To set a maxOccurs threshold value


11 Testing and Debugging Services

Testing and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Testing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Testing Services from Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Testing Services from a Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Testing Services that Expect XML Documents as Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Working in Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Setting Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Disabling Flow Steps, Transformers, and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Modifying the Current Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Saving and Restoring the Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Other Debugging Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300



Testing and DebuggingLike other types of computer programming, developing a service is an iterative process of building, testing, and correcting (debugging) your code.

Developer provides a range of tools to assist you during the testing and debugging phases. For example, you can:

Test services, specify their input values, and inspect their results.

Examine the call stack and the pipeline when an error occurs.

Execute services in “debug” mode, a mode that lets you monitor a flow service’s execution path and/or execute its steps one at a time.

Temporarily disable steps in a flow and/or specify points where you want to halt execution.

Additionally, Integration Server provides tools for collecting run‐time information that can help debug a service. These include tools to:

Write arbitrary messages to the server log.

Trace the pipeline at run time.

Modify and save the contents of the pipeline at a specified point.

Testing ServicesYou can test any type of service (flow services or coded services) with Developer, eliminating the need to build special clients simply for testing. It also allows you to easily pass different sets of test data to your service, which makes it easy to test your service under a variety of data conditions.

You can use Developer to test services in two ways:

From Developer. With this technique, Developer is the client. That is, Developer invokes the service and receives the results.

From a browser. With this technique, Developer formulates the URL necessary to invoke the service and passes that URL to your browser. Your browser actually invokes the service and receives the results. When you develop services for browser‐based clients (especially ones whose output will be formatted using output templates) you will want to test those services at least once using this technique.

Note: For information about testing Broker/local triggers and publishable document types, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.



Testing Services from DeveloperIn most cases, you will test your services using Developer (not a browser) as the client. You do this using the Run command on the Test menu.

When you execute a service with the Run command, Developer invokes the service (just as an ordinary IS client would) and receives its results. The service executes once, from beginning to end (or until an error condition forces it to stop) on the server on which you have an open session.

Before Developer invokes the service, it prompts you for input values. You can type the input values into the dialog box provided by Developer or load the values from a file that was saved during an earlier test.

Results from the service are returned to Developer and displayed in the Results panel. This allows you to quickly examine the data produced by the service and optionally change it or save it to a file. You can use the saved data as input for a later test or to populate the pipeline during a debugging session.

1 Open the service that you want to test.

2 On the Test menu, select Run. If you have not yet saved changes to the service, Developer prompts you to save them.

3 If the service has input parameters, type the input values for each variable in the Input dialog box or click the Load button to retrieve the values from a file. For more information, see “Entering Input for a Service” on page 272.

4 If you want Developer to pass empty variables (variables that have no value) to the service, select the Include empty values for String Types check box. When you select this option, empty Strings are passed with a zero‐length value. If you do not select this option, empty Strings are not passed to the service.

5 If you want to save the input values that you have entered, click Save. Input values that you save can be recalled and reused in later tests. For more information about saving input values, see “Saving Input Values to a File” on page 274.

6 Click OK. Developer invokes the service with the specified set of input values.

Note: If you selected the Switch to Test perspective check box on the Test page of the Options dialog box (Tools Options), Developer displays the Test perspective when you begin testing a service. For more information about perspectives, see “Switching Perspectives” on page 34.

To test a service using Developer as the client



Notes:

If the service executes to completion, its results appear on the Results panel. For more information about the Results panel, see “Viewing the Results of the Service” on page 275.

If the service throws an exception, an error message displays. Click Details in the message box to view the call stack and the state of the pipeline where the error occurred. For more information about errors that occur while testing a service, see “Run‐Time Exceptions” on page 277.

Entering Input for a ServiceWhen you test a service with Developer, Developer displays the Input dialog box, which prompts you for input to the service. This dialog box contains an entry for each variable defined by the service’s input parameters. Object variables without constraints are noted as “Not editable by user.”

You can also enter documents and document lists containing string‐based children and constrained objects through the Input dialog box.

Enter input values in the Input dialog box

You can manually type your input values into the Input dialog box or, if you saved the input values from an earlier test, you can load them from a file.

You can entersimple Strings...

...and complexdocuments anddocument lists.



1 Open the service and execute it as described in “Testing Services from Developer” on page 271 or “Testing Services from a Browser” on page 279.

2 For each variable listed in the Input dialog box, type an input value. If the service takes complex variables such as a String lists, documents, or document lists, use the following buttons to specify the variableʹs individual elements.

3 If you want Developer to pass empty Strings to the service, select the Include empty values for String Types check box. When you select this check box, empty Strings are passed with a zero‐length value. If you do not select this check box, empty strings are not passed to the service.

Note: If your service expects Object variables that do not have constraints assigned or an Object defined as a byte[ ], you will not be able to enter those values in the Input dialog box. To test these values in a service, you must also create a service that generates input values for your service. Then you need to construct a test harness (a flow service that executes both the service that produces the test data and the service you want to test) and use that harness to test your service.

To enter values by typing them

Use this… To...

Add a row to the variable.

Insert a blank row above the currently selected row.

Add a column to the variable.

Delete the selected row from the variable.

Delete the selected column from the variable.

Note: When you enter values for constrained objects in the Input dialog box, Developer automatically validates the values. If the value is not of the type specified by the object constraint, Developer displays a message identifying the variable and the expected type.



Saving Input Values to a FileYou can save values that you type in the Input dialog box to a file so that you can reuse them in later tests.

When saving input values to a file, keep the following points in mind:

Empty variables (variables that do not have a value) are only saved if the Include empty values for String Types check box is selected. If you do not select this check box, Developer does not save empty variables in the file.

You can store the file in any directory that is accessible to the computer on which Developer is running. Because these files are not actual run‐time components, they do not need to be saved in Integration Server’s namespace or even on the server machine itself.

1 Open the service and execute it as described in “Testing Services from Developer” on page 271 or “Testing Services from a Browser” on page 279.

2 Enter input values into the Input dialog box as described in “Entering Input for a Service” on page 272.

3 When you are finished entering values, click Save.

4 In the Save File dialog box, specify the name of the file to which you want the values saved.

Loading Input Values from a FileYou can reload input values that you have saved to a file instead of rekeying the values in the Input dialog box. To do this, click the Load button in the Input dialog box and then select the file that contains the input values you want to use.

When you use input values from a file, keep the following points in mind:

Developer only loads variables whose name and type match those displayed in the Input dialog box. Variables that exist in the file, but not in the dialog box, are ignored. In the case of Object variables without constraints or Object variables of type byte [], the values in the file are not used.

Values from the file replace those already in the Input dialog box.

Variables that exist in the Input dialog box, but not in the file, are set to null.

Note: You might want to consider creating an input file for each set of data that you routinely test your service against. This will provide you with a ready‐made set of test cases against which to verify the service when it is modified by you or other developers in the future. Many sites establish a special directory on their development server just for holding sets of test data that they generate in this manner.

To save input values that you have entered for a service



Besides loading values that were saved from the Input dialog box, you can also load values that were saved using pub.flow:savePipelineToFile service or the Save Pipeline commands on the File menu. In addition, you can change values in the pipeline during testing. For information about saving the state of the pipeline, see “Saving and Restoring the Pipeline” on page 296. For information about modifying values in the pipeline, see “Modifying the Current Pipeline” on page 295.

1 Open the service and execute it as described in “Testing Services from Developer” on page 271.

2 When the Input dialog box appears, click Load. The Load File dialog box appears.

3 Select the file containing the input values that you want to load.

Viewing the Results of the ServiceWhen you execute a service with the Run command or with one of Developer’s debugging tools, its results are displayed in the Results panel.

Results from a service you run in Developer are displayed in the Results panel

The upper half of the Results panel displays all the variables in the pipeline. To view the contents of a particular variable, you select the variable in the upper half. Its contents are shown in the lower half.

To load input values that have been saved to a file

To examine thecontents of a

variable, select it inthe top pane...

...and view it in thebottom pane.



When viewing the Results panel, keep the following points in mind:

The Results panel represents the contents of the pipeline.

The Results panel shows all variables placed in the pipeline by the service, not just those that were declared in the service’s input/output parameters.

Variables that a service explicitly drops from the pipeline do not appear on the Results panel.

You can browse the contents of the Results panel, but you cannot edit it directly.

You can save the contents of the Results panel to a file and use that file to restore the pipeline at a later point. For additional information about saving and restoring the contents of the Results panel, see “Saving and Restoring the Pipeline” on page 296.

If you run a service and an error occurs, results are not displayed in the Results panel. However, you can click the Details button in the error message box to examine the state of the pipeline at the point where the exception occurred.

When debugging a flow service in step mode, you can use the Results panel to examine the state of the pipeline after each flow step. You can optionally load a different pipeline or modify the existing pipeline between steps. For information about loading a pipeline in the Results panel, see “Saving and Restoring the Pipeline” on page 296. For information about modifying an existing pipeline, see “Modifying the Current Pipeline” on page 295.

When you use a breakpoint or the Trace to Here command to halt execution of a flow service, you can use the Results panel to examine the pipeline at that point where you halted the flow. You may also optionally load a different pipeline or modify the existing pipeline at this point. For information about loading a pipeline in the Results panel, see “Saving and Restoring the Pipeline” on page 296. For information about modifying an existing pipeline, see “Modifying the Current Pipeline” on page 295.

Variables whose object types are not directly supported by the Developer will appear in the Results panel, but because Developer cannot render the values of such objects, a value does not appear in the Value column. Instead, the Value column displays the object’s Java class message.

Variables that contain com.wm.util.Table objects appear as document lists in the Results panel.



Copying Variables from the Results PanelYou can use the Copy command to copy information from the Results panel and paste it into other fields in Developer. The information that Developer inserts when you paste an element from the Results panel depends on the field into which you paste it.

1 Display the Results panel and select the element that you want to copy. (When copying elements from the lower half, you can select a group of contiguous elements by pressing the SHIFT key and selecting the first and last element in the group that you want to copy.)

2 On the Edit menu, click Copy.

3 Select the field into which you want to paste the information, then click Edit Paste After. (If the Paste command is not available, it indicates that the information cannot be pasted into the selected field.)

Run-Time ExceptionsIf a service that you run from Developer throws an exception, Developer reports the error in a following message box.

You can click the Details button to display the call stack and the pipeline at the point where the error occurred.

If you paste to a field that expects… Developer inserts…

A data definition (for example, the Pipeline tab, the Input/Output tab, or a document (IData object))

The copied elementʹs data definition.

The name of an element The copied element’s name (and position if it is a member of a complex element such as a String table, document (IData object), or document list (IData [ ])).

To copy and paste elements from the Results panel



The Details button shows the call stack and the pipeline

The Call StackThe call stack identifies which flow step generated the error and lists its antecedents. For example, let’s say you have a service called PARENT that invokes three services, CHILD_A, CHILD_B, and CHILD_C. If CHILD_B is a Java service and it throws an exception, the call stack will look like this:

Call stack from a nested service

Note: You can improve performance and memory usage in Developer by caching elements, such as services and schemas. For details, see “Caching Elements” on page 66.

...to display thecall stack and the

pipeline.

This servicethrew the

exception.



Now let’s assume that CHILD_B is a flow service that calls three Java services: CHILD_B1, CHILD_B2, and CHILD_B3. If CHILD_B3 throws an exception, the call stack will look like this:

Call stack from a deeply nested service

Note that the call stack is LIFO based. That is, the top entry in the stack identifies the last (that is, most recent) service invoked. The bottom entry identifies the parent service (the one that you originally invoked from Developer). If the parent itself throws the exception, it will be the only entry in the call stack.

The Pipeline DumpThe Service Failures Detail dialog box contains the contents of the pipeline at the point of failure. Note that when a failure occurs within a Java service, the Pipeline area represents the state of the pipeline at the point when that service was initially called. If the Java service made changes to these values before throwing the exception, those changes will not be reflected in the Pipeline information.

Testing Services from a BrowserYou can use the Run in Browser command in Developer to test a service from a browser (that is, to simulate a browser‐based client). When you use this command, Developer prompts you for the service’s input values, builds the URL necessary to invoke the service with the inputs you specify, and then passes the URL to your browser. When you use this command to test a service, your browser (not Developer) actually invokes the service and receives its results.

Note: Services invoked from within a Java service are not reported in the call stack, even if they throw the exception.

This servicethrew the

exception.



If you are developing services that will be invoked by browser‐based clients, particularly ones whose output will be formatted using output templates, you will want to test those services using the Run in Browser command to verify that they work as expected.


2 On the Test menu, click Run in Browser. If you have unsaved edits, Developer prompts you to save them.

3 If the service has input parameters, type the input values for each variable in the Input dialog box or click the Load button to retrieve the values from a file. For more information, see “Entering Input for a Service” on page 272.

4 If you want to pass empty variables (variables that have no value) to the service, select the Include empty values for String Types check box. When you select this option, empty Strings are passed with a zero‐length value. If you do not select this option, Developer excludes empty variables from the query string that it passes to the browser.

5 If you want to save the input values that you have entered, click Save. Input values that you save can be recalled and reused in later tests. For more information about saving input values, see “Saving Input Values to a File” on page 274.

6 Click OK. Developer builds the URL to invoke the service with the inputs you have specified, launches your browser, and passes it the URL.

If the service executes successfully, its results appear in your browser. (If an output template is assigned to the service, the template will be applied to the results before they are returned.)

If the service experiences an error, an error message is displayed in the browser.

Testing Services that Expect XML Documents as InputIf your service expects an XML document as input (that is, it takes a node as input), you can test it using the Send XML File command. This command prompts you for the name of the XML file and submits the file to the service, emulating the way in which the service would execute if an XML document were posted to it.

To test a service by sending an XML file to the service, you must have Read access to the service.

To test a service using a browser as the client

Note: Only Strings and String lists are passed to the browser.




2 From the Test menu, select Send XML File. If you have unsaved edits, Developer prompts you to save them.

3 In the Select Test Mode dialog box, specify whether you want the service to run in Trace mode or Step mode and click OK.

4 In the Select File dialog box, select the XML file that you want to submit to this service and click OK. Developer submits the file to the server, which parses it into a node object and passes it to selected service.

If the service executes to completion, its results appear on the Results panel. For more information, see “Viewing the Results of the Service” on page 275.

If the service experiences an error, an error message displays. Click Details in the message box to view the call stack and the state of the pipeline where the error occurred. For additional information about errors that occur while testing a service, see “Run‐Time Exceptions” on page 277.

Working in Debug ModeWhen you use Developer to execute a service using the Run or Run In Browser commands, it executes as a normal service. That is, the server does not execute it any differently than it would if any other client requested it. However, Developer also allows you to test a service in debug mode, a mode that allows you to monitor the execution path of a flow service and/or move through its steps one at a time.

When you run a flow service in debug mode, it is executed in a special way that returns results and other debugging information back to Developer after each step.

To test a service that expects an XML document as input

Note: You can only debug one flow service at a time.



Entering Debug ModeYou automatically enter debug mode when you select any of the following commands from the Test menu:

When you first enter debug mode, processing always starts from the first step in the flow service. Completed steps are marked with a gray outline. A step that is “in process” or is the next in line to be processed is marked with a green outline. When you step though a flow service or you halt execution using a breakpoint or the Trace to Here command, the green outline indicates which step will execute when you resume processing.

The following example shows a flow service that is being executed using the Step command. As you can see, the BRANCH on ‘PaymentType’ step has three targets. The gray outline shows which path was executed. The green outline indicates that BRANCH on ‘/AuthorizationCode’ is the step that will execute when the next Step command is performed.

Command Description

Trace Executes flow steps one after another to the end of the service and visually marks steps as they execute. For information about using this command, see “Using the Trace Tools” on page 284.

Trace to Here Executes flow steps one after another up to a specified point and visually marks steps as they execute. For information about using this command, see “Using the Trace Tools” on page 284.

Trace Into Executes flow steps one after another to the end of the service and visually marks steps as they execute, including steps in child flows. For information about using this command, see “Tracing into a Child Flow” on page 285.

Step Executes the next flow step and then halts. For information about using this command, see “Using the Step Tools” on page 286.

Step Into Opens a child flow or a MAP step so that you can debug the individual flow steps within it. For information about using this command, see “Stepping though a Child Flow” on page 287 and “Using the Step Tools with a MAP Step” on page 288.

Important! The debug commands are only available for flow services. When a Java service is selected, these commands are not available.

Tip! You can remove the gray and green trace lines by using the Test Reset command. Note, however, that this will also end your debugging session.



Debug mode visually shows you the service’s execution path

Combining the Step and Trace Commands in Debug ModeOnce you enter debugging mode, you can switch among the different debugging commands and examine certain segments of the service more closely than others. For example, you might want to execute the first few steps of a service with the Step command and then simply trace the remainder. Or, you might want to use Trace to Here to execute to a particular point and then execute the remaining flow steps one step at a time.

When you combine techniques, remember that the flow step outlined in green always indicates the current point of execution and marks the next flow step that will execute when you resume processing.

Resetting Debug ModeThe Test Reset command resets debug mode. You must use this command when you want to begin debugging the same service again from the beginning of the flow. The following actions also reset a debugging session:

Executing the Run command

Refreshing Developer’s session on the server

Editing the flow service

The service throws an exception

When a session is reset, trace lines are cleared and the point of execution is set back to the top of the flow service.

The results of this stepare currently on the

Results panel.

This step will beexecuted next.

This BRANCH targetwas executed with its

respective nestedsteps.



The following actions do not reset a debugging session:

Setting breakpoints

Examining the contents of any of the other tabs associated with the service

Saving or restoring the contents of the Results panel

Using the Trace ToolsIf a flow service has a complex path of execution (for example, it contains many branching sequences), it is often useful to simply see which path was taken when the flow executed. The trace tools, Trace, Trace to Here, and Trace Into, allow you to do this. They visually mark the flow steps that are executed within a flow service.

1 Open the service that you want to trace.

2 On the Test menu, click Trace.

If the service is already in debug mode, Developer traces the remaining steps, starting from the current point of execution (the step outlined in green.)

If the service is not in debug mode, Developer starts the trace at the top of the flow. If you have any unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save those changes before it starts the trace. If the service takes input, you will be prompted for its input values.

If you want to... Use...

Trace to the end of the service without tracing child services (breakpoints are ignored in this mode)

Trace

Trace to a specified point in the service without tracing child services (breakpoints are ignored in this mode)

Trace to Here

Trace to the end of the service or the next breakpoint, including the paths of all child services that this service invokes

Trace Into

Note: To trace through a top‐level service, you must have Execute, Read, and List access to the service. To trace through all the services within a top‐level service, you must have Execute, List, and Read access to all services that the top‐level service invokes. For more information about ACLs and the trace tools, see “ACLs and Testing/Debugging Services” on page 111.

To trace to the end of a service



1 Open the service that you want to trace.

2 In the editor, select the flow step up to which you want to trace. (Developer will trace all steps up to, but not including, the one you select.)

3 On the Test menu, click Trace to Here.

If the service is already in debug mode, Developer starts at the current point of execution (the step outlined in green) and traces to the selected step. If the selected step is before the current point of execution, the trace starts at the top of the flow.

If the service is not in debug mode, Developer starts the trace at the top of the flow service and traces to the selected step. If you have any unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save those changes before it starts the trace. If the service takes input, you will be prompted for its input values.

4 When Developer reaches the selected flow step, it halts. At this point, you may do any of the following:

Examine the contents of the Results panel.

Modify, save, and/or restore the contents of the Results panel.

Use Step or Step Into to execute subsequent flow steps one at a time.

Select another step in the flow service and use Trace to Here to trace to that point.

Select Trace to trace the remainder of the service.

Select Reset to clear the debugging session and reset the starting execution point to the top of the service.

Tracing into a Child FlowMany times, the service you are debugging invokes other flow services (child services). In these cases it is useful to trace the execution paths of the child services as well as the parent that you are testing. You do this with the Trace Into command.

When you initiate a trace with Trace Into, Developer automatically opens and traces the individual steps in every child flow that the parent invokes, including the children of the child services if there are any.

To trace to a specified point

Note: If the point to which you want to trace resides in a child of the service that you are testing, you must use the breakpoint feature to trace to that point. For information about setting breakpoints, see “Setting Breakpoints” on page 288.



1 Open the parent service that you want to test.

2 On the Test menu, click Trace Into.

If the service is already in debug mode, Developer starts the trace at the current point of execution (the step outlined in green) and traces the service and its children until it reaches a breakpoint or the end of the flow.

If the service is not in debug mode, Developer starts the trace at the top of the flow and traces the service and its children until it reaches a breakpoint or the end of the flow. If you have any unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save those changes before it starts the trace. If the service takes input, you will be prompted for its input values.

Using the Step ToolsYou use the Step, Step Into, and Step Out commands on the Test menu to interactively execute a flow service one flow step at a time. Stepping through a flow is an effective debugging technique because it allows you to examine (and optionally modify) the data in the pipeline before and after each step. Additionally, if you are trying to isolate an error, step mode can quickly help you pinpoint the offending flow step.

Note that at any point while stepping through a flow service, you can do any of the following:

Examine the contents of the Results panel.

Modify, save, and/or restore the contents of the Results panel.

Select a step in the flow service and use Trace to Here to trace to that point.

To trace into a child service

If you want to... Use...

Execute the current flow step (the one with the green outline) StepOpen a child flow so that you can debug the individual flow steps within it

Step Into

Return to the parent flow from a child that you have stepped into Step Out

Note: To step through a top‐level service, you must have Execute, Read, and List access to the service. To step through all the services within a top‐level service, you must have Execute, List, and Read access to all services that the top‐level service invokes. For more information about ACLs and the step tools, see “ACLs and Testing/Debugging Services” on page 111.

Note: When you step into a child flow, Developer displays the child flow in the editor.



Select Trace to trace the remainder of the service.

Select Reset to clear the debugging session and reset the starting execution point to the top of the service.

1 Open the service that you want to step through.

2 On the Test menu, click Step.

If the service is already in debug mode, Developer executes the current step (the step outlined in green) and then stops.

If the service is not in debug mode, Developer enters debug mode and selects the first step in the flow service. To execute that flow step, select Step again. If you have any unsaved changes, Developer prompts you to save those changes before it enters debug mode. If the service takes input, you will be prompted for its input values.

Stepping though a Child FlowMany times, the flow service you are debugging invokes other flow services (child services). In these cases it is useful to step through the individual flow steps within a child service, too. You do this with the Step Into and Step Out commands.

1 Select the parent flow service and step or trace to the flow step that invokes the child flow. See “To step through a flow service” on page 287 or “To trace to a specified point” on page 285 if you need procedures for this step.

2 On the Test menu, click Step Into. Developer opens the child flow service and selects (but does not execute) the first step.

3 On the Test menu, click Step to execute the first step in the child service. Repeat this step for each flow step that you want to individually execute within the child.

4 If you want to return to the parent flow service without stepping through the entire child, click Step Out from the Test menu. This command will trace the remaining steps in the child flow, return to the parent, and then select (but not execute) the next step in the parent flow.

Notes:

While you are debugging the child, you may use Trace to Here or set a breakpoint to execute up to particular point in the child.

If you select Trace or Trace Into while you are debugging the child, Developer traces the remaining steps in the child and returns to the parent automatically.

If you select Step on the last step in the child flow service, Developer automatically returns you to the parent.

To step through a flow service

To step into and out of a child flow



You can use Step Into to step into a child flow that is nested within a child that you have stepped into.

If you select Step Into on a step that is not a flow service, Step is executed.

Using the Step Tools with a MAP StepYou can use the Step Into and Step Out commands to debug individual transformers in a MAP step.

1 Select the parent service that contains the MAP step and then step or trace to the MAP step. (That is, make the MAP step the current flow step. Developer indicates this by outlining the step in green.) See “To step through a flow service” on page 287 or “To trace to a specified point” on page 285 if you need procedures for this step.

2 On the Test menu, click Step Into. Developer selects on the Pipeline tab (but does not execute) the first transformer in the MAP step.

3 On the Test menu, click Step to execute the first transformer. Repeat this step for each transformer that you want to individually execute within the MAP step.

4 If you want to return to the parent without stepping through the entire MAP, select Step Out from the Test menu. This traces the remaining transformers in the MAP, returns to the parent, and selects (but does not execute) the next step in the parent flow.

Notes:

If you select Trace or Trace Into while you are debugging the MAP, Developer traces the remaining steps in the MAP and returns to the parent automatically.

If you select Step on the last transformer in the MAP, Developer automatically executes that transformer and returns you to the parent flow.

You can use Step Into to step into a transformer that is a flow service.

If you select Step Into on a transformer that is not a flow service, Step is executed.

Setting BreakpointsA breakpoint is a point in a flow service where you want processing to halt when you execute that flow service with certain debug modes. Breakpoints can help you isolate a section of code or examine data values at a particular point in the execution path. For example, you might want to set a pair of breakpoints before and after a particular segment of a flow so that you can examine the pipeline on the Results panel before and after that segment executes.

To step into and out of a MAP step



When working with breakpoints, keep the following points in mind:

Breakpoints are not persistent. They exist only during the life of the Developer session on the current server in which you set them. When you close Developer or refresh the session on the current server, your breakpoints are cleared. (Note that resetting debug mode does not clear your breakpoints.)

Breakpoints are also local to your Developer session on the current server. Breakpoints that you set on your machine do not affect other developers or users who might be executing or debugging services in which you have set breakpoints.

Breakpoints are only recognized when you execute a service with the Trace Into command from Developer. If you execute a service using any of the other testing or debugging commands, breakpoints are ignored.

If you are caching services by using the General area of the Options dialog box, and your flow service has a breakpoint, you cannot clear the cache of the flow service until the breakpoint is removed. For more information about caching, see “Configuring a Service’s Use of Cache” on page 131.

To set a breakpoint in a service, you must have Read access to a service. However, if the service is invoked within another service (a top‐level service) to which you have Read access, you can set a breakpoint on the service within the top‐level service.

What Happens When a Breakpoint Is Encountered?When you execute a service that contains a breakpoint or call a child service that contains a breakpoint, the service is executed up to, but not including, the designated breakpoint step. At this point, processing stops and will not resume until you select another one of Developer’s debugging commands. (Remember, if you want Developer to stop at subsequent breakpoints, you must select the Trace Into command.)

1 Open the flow service in which you want to set a breakpoint.

2 In the editor, select the step that will function as the breakpoint. (During debugging, processing will halt immediately before this step).

3 On the Test menu, click Set Breakpoint. The step’s icon turns red, indicating that it is a breakpoint.

1 Open the flow service in which you want to clear a breakpoint.

2 In the editor, select the breakpoint step.

To set a breakpoint on a flow step

To clear a breakpoint from a flow step



3 On the Test menu, click Clear Breakpoint. The step’s icon returns to its normal color, indicating that it is no longer a breakpoint.

–OR–

1 On the Test menu, click Breakpoints to display the current list of breakpoints on the current server.

2 In the list, select the breakpoint that you want to clear.

3 Click Remove.

Setting Breakpoints on TransformersYou can set a breakpoint on a transformer in a MAP step. When you execute a service that contains a breakpoint or calls a service that contains a breakpoint on a transformer, the service is executed up to, but not including, the designated breakpoint transformer.

1 Open the flow service in which you want to set a breakpoint.

2 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the transformer that will function as the breakpoint.

3 On the Pipeline tab, select the transformer that will function as the breakpoint. (During debugging, processing will halt immediately before this transformer.)

4 On the Test menu, select Set Breakpoint. The icon appears next to the transformer name, indicating that it is a breakpoint.

1 Open the flow service in which you want to clear a breakpoint.

2 In the editor, select the MAP step that contains the transformer from which you want to clear a breakpoint.

3 On the Pipeline tab, select the transformer from which you want to clear a breakpoint.

Note: Transformers in a MAP step execute in an arbitrary order. You cannot assume an order of execution. Consequently, some of the transformers in the MAP step might execute before Developer reaches the breakpoint, even if the transformers appear below the breakpoint on the Pipeline tab. Likewise, transformers above the breakpoint might not execute before the breakpoint is encountered. (These will execute when you resume tracing.) Executed transformers have a gray outline.

To set a breakpoint on a transformer

To clear a breakpoint on a transformer



4 On the Test menu, click Clear Breakpoint. Developer removes the icon next to the transformer name.

–OR–

1 On the Test menu, click Breakpoints to display the current list of breakpoints on the current server.

2 In the list, select the breakpoint that you want to clear.

3 Click Remove.

Viewing a List of BreakpointsUse the following procedure to view the list of breakpoints that are currently set in your Developer session. From this list, you can also clear and/or go to specific breakpoints.

1 On the Test menu, click Breakpoints.

2 If you want to go to a specific breakpoint, select it and then click Go to Breakpoint.

3 If you want to clear a breakpoint, select it and then click Remove.

Disabling Flow Steps, Transformers, and ConditionsWhen testing and debugging services, you can disable flow steps and transformers. You can also disable the condition placed on a link between variables on the Pipeline tab. The follow sections provide more information about disabling each of these items.

Disabling Flow StepsYou use the Compose Disable Step command to disable a step in a flow service. Steps that you disable are not executed at run time.

Disabled steps appear dimmed when viewed in Developer. If you disable a parent step (for example, a LOOP or a BRANCH), its children are also automatically disabled. If you disable a MAP step, the transformers in the MAP step are also automatically disabled.

To display the list of current breakpoints

Note: Remember, breakpoints are not persistent. They only exist during the Developer session on the current server in which you set them. When you refresh or close your session on the current server, your breakpoints are cleared.



Disabled steps are not executed at run time

Disabling a step is useful in many testing and debugging situations. For example, you might want to disable one or more steps to isolate a particular segment of a flow, similar to the way you might “comment out” a section of source code in a program you are testing.

Be aware that disabling a step sets a persistent attribute that is saved in the flow service. Once you disable a step, it remains disabled until you explicitly re‐enable it with Developer.

1 Open the flow service that you want to edit.

2 In the editor, select the step that you want to disable.

3 On the Compose menu, click Disable Step.

The step dims, indicating that it is disabled.


2 In the editor, select the disabled step that you want to re‐enable.

3 On the Compose menu, click Enable Step.

Important! The run‐time effect of disabling a step is the same as deleting it. Disabling a key step or forgetting to re‐enable a disabled step can break the logic of a service and/or cause the service to fail. Developer allows you to disable any step in a flow service, but it is your responsibility to use this feature carefully.

To disable a step in a flow service

To enable a step in a flow service

Disabled steps appeardimmed in the editor.



Disabling TransformersYou can also use the Compose Disable Step command to disable a transformer in a MAP step. Transformers that you disable are not executed at run time. In fact, webMethods Integration Server does not execute any of the links between pipeline variables and the variables for a disabled transformer.

Disabled transformers appear dimmed when viewed in Developer.

Disabled transformers are not executed at run time


2 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the transformer that you want to disable.

3 On the Pipeline tab, select the transformer you want to disable.

4 On the Compose menu, click Disable Step.

The transformer dims, indicating that it is disabled.

Note: When you disable the MAP step, Developer automatically disables all of the transformers in a MAP step

Important! The run‐time effect of disabling a transformer is the same as deleting it. Disabling a transformer or forgetting to re‐enable a disabled transformer can break the logic of a service and/or cause the service to fail. Although Developer allows you to disable any transformer or step in a flow service, use this feature carefully.

To disable a transformer in a MAP step

Transformers that aredisabled appear dimmed

on the Pipeline tab.




2 In the editor, select the MAP step containing the disabled transformer that you want to enable.

3 On the Pipeline tab, select the disabled transformer that you want to enable.

4 On the Compose menu, click Enable Step.

Disabling a Condition Placed on a Link Between VariablesWhen you link variables to each other, you can apply a condition to the link that connects the variables. At run time, this condition needs to be true for the value of the source variable to be copied to the target variable. During testing and debugging, you might want to disable or remove the condition from the link to make sure that Developer properly copies data between variables. By disabling the condition, you instruct Developer to ignore the condition placed on the link and automatically execute the link (copy the value from the source variable to the target variable).

Disabling the condition preserves the written expression. When you enable the condition, you do not need to rewrite the expression.

The Pipeline tab uses a blue link (line) to indicate that properties (such as conditions and array indexes) have been applied to the link between variables. Developer retains the blue color even when you disable the applied condition to remind you that properties have been set.


2 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step that contains the link with the condition you want to disable.

3 On the Pipeline tab, select the link with the condition that you want to disable.

4 In the General category of the Properties panel, set the Evaluate copy condition property to False.


2 In the editor, select the INVOKE or MAP step containing the link with the condition you want to enable.

To enable a transformer in a MAP step

To disable a condition placed on a link between variables

To enable a condition placed on a link between variables



3 On the Pipeline tab, select the link with the condition that you want to enable.

4 In the General category of the Properties panel, set the Evaluate copy condition property to True.

Modifying the Current PipelineDuring debugging, you can modify the contents of the pipeline and submit those changed values to the next step in the flow service. For example, if you want to see the effect that different values for a variable have on the rest of the service, you can modify the values in the pipeline temporarily and continue debugging. You can also drop values from the pipeline. This functionality is useful for debugging.

When modifying the pipeline, keep the following points in mind:

You can only modify the pipeline when a subsequent step in the service exists to which to pass the pipeline values. For example, if you use Trace for the entire service, you cannot modify the values of the pipeline after the service ends. However, if you use Step to debug the service, you can modify the pipeline values for the next step in the service.

You cannot modify the values of unconstrained Objects and Object lists. However, you can drop them from the pipeline.

You cannot modify the values of recursive documents at the top level. However, you can expand the document and set values at the individual element level.

When you modify values or drop variables from the pipeline, the changes only apply to the current debugging session. The service is not permanently changed.

You can only modify or drop existing variables. You cannot add new variables to the pipeline.

You cannot use a larger editor or have a password field when you modify String values in the pipeline.

1 Use the Step, Step Into, or Trace to Here command to load values into the pipeline for the current step.

2 In the Results panel, select the name of the variable for which you want to change the value.

3 Right‐click and select Modify Value.

4 In the Modify Value dialog box, type the new pipeline value for the variable.

5 Click OK. The value is changed in the Results panel.

6 To debug the rest of the service with the new pipeline value, use the Step, Step Into, or Trace to Here command. Keep in mind that the value is only changed for the current debugging session; it is not changed permanently.

To modify values in the current pipeline



1 Use the Step, Step Into, or Trace to Here command to load values into the pipeline for the current step.

2 In the Results panel, select the name of the variable that you want to drop from the pipeline.

3 Right‐click and select Drop. The variable disappears from the Results panel.

4 To debug the rest of the service with the dropped pipeline value, use the Step, Step Into, or Trace to Here command. Keep in mind that the value is only dropped for the current debugging session; it is not dropped permanently.

Saving and Restoring the PipelineBecause the pipeline contains the data that a service operates against, the ability to save and restore the pipeline when you are debugging a service is something you may frequently want to do. For example, if a service is failing intermittently at run time, you may want to insert steps to save the pipeline at various points in the service so you can capture and examine the data that it was running against after a failure.

Saving the ResultsYou can save the pipeline to a file, which you can use to restore the pipeline to its current state at a later point in time. This is useful when you want to test another service against the current set of pipeline values or if you want to restore the pipeline to this exact state later in the debugging process. There are two ways to save the contents of the pipeline:

You can manually save the contents of the Results panel when you run or debug a service using Developer.

You can programmatically save the pipeline at run time by invoking pub.flow:savePipelineToFile at the point where you want to capture the pipeline.

When you save a pipeline, it is saved in a file in XML format. The file you create can be used to:

Manually load the pipeline into Developer’s Results panel.

Dynamically load the pipeline at run time using the pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile service.

Load a set of input values into the Input dialog box when testing a service with Developer.

To drop values from the current pipeline



You can view a pipeline file with an ordinary text editor. When saving the pipeline, keep the following points in mind:

Only XML‐codable variables are saved. This includes, Strings, String lists, String tables, documents, and document lists. Variables that are not XML codable are not saved.

Empty variables and null variables are saved.

Saving the Contents of the Results PanelUse the following procedure to save the contents of the Results panel to a pipeline file.

1 Display the Results panel and click anywhere within it.

2 Right‐click and select one of the following commands:

3 Depending on your action in the previous step, do one of the following:

To save the contents of the Results panel

To… Select this command…

Save the file to your local file system.

Note: If you intend to use the pipeline file to dynamically restore the pipeline using pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile, use Save Pipeline to Server to save the file to the server (see below).

Save Pipeline Locally

Save the file to the pipeline directory on webMethods Integration Server.

Select this command if you want to use the file to dynamically restore the pipeline at run time using the pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile service.

Save Pipeline to Server

If you selected… Do this to specify the file name…

Save Pipeline Locally Select the directory in which you want the file saved and assign a name to the file.

Save Pipeline to Server

Specify the name of the file in which you want the pipeline saved. By default, Developer saves the file to IntegrationServer_directory\pipeline, which is where the restorePipelineFromFile service expects pipeline files. If you specify a relative path in the file name, the path is understood to be relative to the pipeline directory.



Saving the Pipeline at Run TimeUse the following general steps to save the pipeline programmatically. You can use this technique to capture the pipeline from a flow service or within a Java service.

1 Open the service.

2 Invoke pub.flow:savePipelineToFile at the point where you want to save a copy of the pipeline.

3 Set the following parameter:

4 Save the service. (If you are using your own IDE, you will need to recompile the service, reregister it on the Integration Server, and reload its package.)

5 Execute the service.

For additional information about pub.flow:savePipelineToFile, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Restoring the PipelinePipeline values that you have saved to a file in the following ways can be used to restore the pipeline:

From the Developer’s Results panel with the Save Pipeline commands.

With the pub.flow:savePipelineToFile service at run time.

From the Input dialog box when you are testing a service with Developer.

Restoring a pipeline is useful when you simply want to inspect the values in a particular pipeline file (perhaps one that contains the pipeline from a failed service). Additionally, it is useful in many testing situations. For example, you can use it to replace the existing pipeline with a different set of values when stepping though a flow service with the debugging tools.

There are two ways to restore the contents of the pipeline:

You can manually load the saved pipeline into the Results panel in Developer.

You can programmatically load a saved pipeline at run time by invoking pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile at the point where you want to modify the pipeline.

Key Description

filename A string that specifies the name of the file to which you want the file saved. If you do not specify a fully qualified path, the file is saved relative to IntegrationServer_directory\pipeline.



Loading a Saved Pipeline into the Results PanelUse the following procedure to load a pipeline file into the Results panel.

When you load a pipeline file into the Results panel, the contents of the pipeline file completely replaces the current pipeline. If you want to merge the contents of the file with the existing pipeline, use the pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile service instead and set its merge parameter to “true.” For procedures, see “Loading a Saved Pipeline at Run Time” on page 299.

1 Display the Results panel. (If you simply want to inspect a saved pipeline, create a new, empty flow service and display its Results panel.)

2 Right‐click and select one of the following commands:

3 Depending on your action in the previous step, do one of the following:

Loading a Saved Pipeline at Run TimeUse the following general steps to load a pipeline file programmatically. You can use this technique from a flow service or from a Java service.

1 Open the service.

2 Invoke pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile at the point where you want to load the pipeline file.

To load a pipeline file into the Results panel

To... Select...

Load a pipeline file from your local file system Restore pipeline locallyLoad a file that resides in the default pipeline directory on webMethods Integration Server

Restore pipeline from Server

If you selected... Do this to specify the file name...

Restore Pipeline Locally Select the file that you want to load.

Restore pipeline from Server Specify the name of the file that you want to load. Developer retrieves the file from IntegrationServer_directory\pipeline.



3 Set the following parameters:

4 Save the service. (If you are using your own IDE, you will need to recompile the service, reregister it on webMethods Integration Server, and reload its package.)


For additional information about pub.flow:restorePipelineFromFile, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Other Debugging TechniquesThis section describes additional tools and techniques you can use to obtain run‐time information that is useful for debugging a service.

Using the Server’s Debug FacilitywebMethods Integration Server maintains a log file in which it records information about activity on the server. This log file resides in:

IntegrationServer_directory\logs\serveryyyymmdd.log

The log contains information about actions that the server executes, such as loading packages and executing services. The Integration Server creates one server log per day. The following example shows the series of messages that are posted to server log when the server is started. Note that error messages are posted for services that the server cannot load.

Key Description

filename A String that specifies the name of the pipeline file. If you do not specify a fully qualified path, the file is assumed to be relative to IntegrationServer_directory\pipeline. For example, if you set filename to “badPipeline.xml”, restorePipelineFromFile expects to find that file in IntegrationServer_directory\pipeline\badPipeline.xml.

merge A String that specifies whether you want the contents of the file to replace or be merged with the existing pipeline.

Set merge to... To...

false Replace the existing pipeline with the one from the file.

true Merge the contents of the file into the existing pipeline.



Section of server log from the start-up process

The Contents of the Server LogThe server log file receives operational and error information from the server’s major subsystems. For example, the package subsystem logs information into server log when it loads and unloads packages; the flow manager records information in the log when it processes a flow service; the HTTP port records requests that it receives, and so forth.

Be aware that the server does not log exceptions thrown by individual services. However, you can code your service to write information to the server log, which can be useful for debugging. For information about writing information to the log file, see “Writing Information to the Server Log” on page 302.

Server Debug Levels The amount and type of information that is logged by the server is determined by the debug level under which the server or a specific facility within the Integration Server is operating.

You can specify the server debug level when you start the server. The debug level can range from Off, where nothing is logged, to Trace, in which the server keeps an extremely

2002-05-24 15:46:58 EDT [ISS.0025.0001C] Integration Server 6.0 2002-05-24 15:46:58 EDT [ISS.0025.0006C] License Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:00 EDT [ISS.0025.0017C] Repository Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:03 EDT [ISS.0025.0024C] JDBC Connection Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:10 EDT [ISS.0025.0023C] Audit Log Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:10 EDT [ISS.0025.0021C] ACL Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:11 EDT [ISS.0025.0008C] State Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:14 EDT [ISS.0025.0010C] Service Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:14 EDT [ISS.0025.0020C] Validation Processor started2002-05-24 15:47:14 EDT [ISS.0025.0022C] Statistics Processor started2002-05-24 15:47:14 EDT [ISS.0025.0018C] Invoke Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:15 EDT [ISS.0025.0012C] Cache Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:18 EDT [ISS.0098.0026D] Transient Store DefaultStore initialized2002-05-24 15:47:20 EDT [ISS.0098.0026D] Transient Store TriggerStore initialized2002-05-24 15:47:20 EDT [ISS.0098.0021D] Trigger Dispatcher started2002-05-24 15:47:21 EDT [ISS.0106.0003D] Join Message Cache initialized2002-05-24 15:47:21 EDT [ISS.0106.0005D] Join Timeout Thread initialized2002-05-24 15:47:21 EDT [ISS.0106.0001D] Join Manager initialized2002-05-24 15:47:21 EDT [ISS.0025.0032C] Dispatcher initialized2002-05-24 15:47:22 EDT [ISS.0100.0001C] Web Container started2002-05-24 15:47:22 EDT [ISS.0025.0004C] Flow Service Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:22 EDT [ISS.0025.0002C] Package Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:22 EDT [ISS.0025.0011C] Package Replicator Manager started2002-05-24 15:47:22 EDT [ISS.0028.0001C] Loading packages2002-05-24 15:47:26 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading WmRoot package2002-05-24 15:48:07 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading WmPublic package2002-05-24 15:49:12 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading SGXOrders package2002-05-24 15:49:14 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading WmAdminResource package2002-05-24 15:49:15 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading WmAdmin package2002-05-24 15:49:30 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading WmPKI package2002-05-24 15:49:35 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading Purchasing package2002-05-24 15:49:36 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading Default package



detailed log. For more information about the available logging levels, see the webMethods Logging Guide.

The following example shows the startup command you would use to start the server at the trace debug level.

If you do not explicitly set the debug switch when you start the server, the default value specified in the watt.debug.level parameter is used. The default value of watt.debug.level is Info.

Once you start the server, the debug level is set. When the server is running, you can change the debug level using the Integration Server Administrator. If you do not know the debug level under which your webMethods Integration Server operates, see your webMethods Integration Server administrator.

Instead of running the entire Integration Server at a higher debug level, you can increase the logging level for a specific facility in Integration Server. For example, you might set the logging level for the Services facility to Trace. For more information about configuring server logging, see webMethods Logging Guide.

Writing Information to the Server LogwebMethods Integration Server provides built‐in services that allow you to write information to the server log at run time. These can be useful during debugging because you can use them to build signals that indicate whether certain segments of code were executed. You can also use them to record the run‐time value of a specific variable.

There are two ways to write information to the server log at run time. You can:

Write an arbitrary message to the log using pub.flow:debugLog.

Dump the contents of the entire pipeline to the log using pub.flow:tracePipeline.

Writing an Arbitrary Message to the LogTo write an arbitrary message to the server log, you invoke the built‐in service pub.flow:debugLog. You can invoke pub.flow:debugLog from a flow service or a coded service (such as a Java service). When this service executes, it inserts a text string that you specify into the server log. You might use it to post progress messages at certain points in a service (to indicate whether certain segments of code were executed) or to record the

bin\server.bat –debug trace (under Windows)

Important! Debug levels above Info produce lots of detail and can quickly generate an extremely large log file. You should not run your server at the Debug or Trace levels except for brief periods when you are attempting to troubleshoot a particular issue. You may also optionally redirect server log messages to the console instead of a file using the –log none startup switch. For more information about this switch and debug levels, see “Starting the webMethods Integration Server” in the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.



value of a particular variable in the log file so you can examine it after the service executes.

The following example shows two progress messages (highlighted) that were posted to the server log using pub.flow:debugLog.

Example of messages posted to server log with pub.flow:debugLog

To use pub.flow:debugLog, take the following general steps:

1 Invoke pub.flow:debugLog at the point where you want the service to write a message to the server log.




Key Description

message A String that specifies the message that you want written to server log. This can be a literal string that you assign to message, however, for debugging purposes, it is often useful to link this parameter to a pipeline variable whose run‐time value you want to capture.

function Optional. A String that identifies your service. The String you specify will appear in the second column of the message that debugLog writes to server log. The purpose of this label is to identify which component posted the message to the log.

If you do not assign a value to function, debugLog omits the label. However, keep in mind that assigning a value to function will make it easier for you to locate your service’s message when you examine the log file. Although you can assign a text string of any length to function, only the first 6 characters appear in the log.

level Optional. A String specifying the debug levels under which this message is to be posted to the log. If the server is running at a debug level lower than the value set in level, the message is not put into the log file.

If you do not specify level, the Fatal level is assumed, which means that the message is posted to the log file regardless of which debug level the server is running at. For more information about debug level, see “Server Debug Levels” on page 301.

2002-05-28 16:56:12 EDT [ISS.0028.0005C] Loading LogDemo package2002-05-28 16:56:53 EDT [ISC.0081.0001E] New LogDemo:demoService2002-05-28 16:57:56 EDT [ISP.0090.0004C] begin database update2002-05-28 16:57:56 EDT [ISP.0090.0004C] database update completed



For additional information about pub.flow:debugLog, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Dumping the Pipeline to the LogSometimes when you are debugging a service, it is useful to obtain a snapshot of the entire pipeline at a certain point in the flow. You can do this by invoking pub.flow:tracePipeline, which puts a copy of the current pipeline in server log. You may invoke pub.flow:tracePipeline from a flow service or a coded service (such as a Java service).

The following example shows the start and end pipeline that was written to the server log with pub.flow:tracePipeline.

Example of pipeline written to server log with pub.flow:tracePipeline2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0001C] --- START tracePipeline [5/28/02 5:37 PM] ---2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 0 filename = D:\Program Files\IntegrationServer_directory\packages\Examples\pub\goes\catalogue.xml2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 0 Buyer = Caroline Wielman2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 0 Address => 2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 Street1 = 15788 Cedar Avenue2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 City = Apple Valley2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 State = MN2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 postalCode = 551242002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 0 Order => 2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 Date = 5/25/20022002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 Items[0] => 2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Code = 9650032002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Description = MaxGear D LtWt D Carabiner2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Qty = 3002002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Price = 8.502002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Total = 28002002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 Items[1] => 2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Code = 8963012002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Description = Hikes 10.5x50 Standard Rope2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Qty = 502002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Price = 1752002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Total = 87502002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 1 Items[2] => 2002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Code = 9650072002-05-28 17:37:10 EDT [ISP.0090.0008C] 2 Description = MaxGear D Quick Lock



To use pub.flow:tracePipeline, take the following general steps:

1 Invoke pub.flow:tracePipeline at the point where you want the service to dump a copy of the pipeline to the server log.



4 Execute the service. For additional information about pub.flow:tracePipeline, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Key Description

level Optional. A String specifying the debug levels under which the pipeline will be posted to the log. If the server is running at a debug level lower than the value set in level, the pipeline is not written to the log file.

If you do not specify level, Fatal is assumed, which means that the pipeline is posted to the log file regardless of which debug level the server is running at. For more information about debug level, see “Server Debug Levels” on page 301.


12 Building Coded Services

Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Building Services Using Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

How Java Services Are Organized on the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Building Java Services with Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Building Java Services with Your Own IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Building Services Using C/C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Building Services Using COM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Invoking Methods from Existing COM and DCOM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328



Basic ConceptsIn addition to using the built‐in services that webMethods Integration Server provides, you can create customized services in a variety of program languages. This allows you to create a library of custom code that can be accessed and executed from a flow service or from a client application.

This chapter describes how to create your own services using Java, C/C++, and Visual Basic.

The IData ObjectThe IData object is the universal container that services use to receive input from and deliver output to other programs. It contains an ordered collection of key/value pairs on which a service operates. An IData object can contain any number of key/values pairs (elements). The keys in an IData object must be Strings. The values can be any Java objects (including IData objects).

Services Take IData Objects as Input and Return IData as OutputServices take one, and only one, input variable: an IData object. For example:

public final static void myservice (IData pipeline)throws ServiceException

{ return; }

When a service is invoked, webMethods Integration Server passes the IData object to it. The service extracts the actual input values it needs from the elements within the IData object. For example:


{ IDataCursor myCursor = pipeline.getCursor(); if (myCursor.first( "inputValue1" )) { String myVariable = (String) myCursor.getValue(); . . } myCursor.destroy(); . . return;}

Important! Java is the native language for services. When you create services in other languages, you must wrap them to appear as a Java class to webMethods Integration Server.



A service returns output by inserting it into an IData object. Any information that is produced by the service and must be returned to the calling program must be written to the IData object. For example:


{ IDataCursor myCursor = pipeline.getCursor(); if (myCursor.first( "inputValue1" )) { String myVariable = (String) myCursor.getValue(); . . } myCursor.last(); myCursor.insertAfter( "outputValue1", myOutputVariable ); myCursor.destroy(); return; }

Getting and Setting Elements in an IData ObjectGetting data from and putting data into IData elements takes two steps. First, you must position the cursor at the IData element. Next, you get or set the data in that element. The class that you can use to position a cursor in an IData object is IDataCursor. The IDataCursor class contains methods for performing basic cursor operations such as placing the cursor at the first, last, or next element in the object.

After you position the cursor on the element with which you want to work, you can use the getValue or setValue methods to read or write the value of that element, respectively. This class also provides methods for inserting new elements, getting key names, and deleting elements.

For more information about using the cursor classes, see the data package in the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference at Developer_directory\doc\api\Java\index.html.

Creating IData ObjectsYou use the IDataFactory class to create IData objects. For example:

static IData myIDataObject;static{ myObject = IDataFactory.create(); IDataCursor myCursor = myObject.getCursor(); myCursor.insertAfter("VA", new Double("0.045")); myCursor.insertAfter("MD", new Double("0.05")); myCursor.insertAfter("DE", new Double("0.0"));}

For more information about using the IDataFactory class, see the data package in the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference at: Developer_directory\doc\api\Java\index.html.



Building Services Using JavaSince Java is the native language of services, it is the easiest language in which to build a service.

webMethods Developer provides an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that you can use to create, compile, and publish Java services. The IDE automatically generates an appropriately structured source file that you simply “fill in” using the built‐in editor. When you save the source file, the IDE automatically compiles it and registers it on the server.

Although Developer’s IDE is useful for creating small, simple services, you may want to use your own Java IDE to build large services. When you use your own IDE, you must create all of the code yourself, and manually copy and register the class file on the server. webMethods Integration Server provides utilities to publish services you write in your own IDE. For more information about creating Java services without using Developer, see “Building Java Services with Your Own IDE” on page 317.

How Java Services Are Organized on the ServerA Java service is a public static method in a Java class file on webMethods Integration Server. Java services follow a simple naming scheme:

The service name represents the Java method name.

The interface name represents the fully qualified Java class name.

Since Java class names cannot contain the “.” character, services that reside in nested folders are implemented in a class that is scoped within a Java package. For example, a service named recording.accounts:createAccount is made up of a Java method called createAccount in a Java class called accounts within the recording package.

All Java services that reside in the same folder are methods of the same class.

When you build a Java service with Developer, it automatically combines your service into the class file associated with the folder in which you created it. However, if you build a Java service in your own IDE, you will need to add the class file to the server yourself. And, if you want that service to be recognized by Developer, you must insert special comment code in your source code.



Building Java Services with DeveloperThe following describes the basic stages involved in creating a Java service with Developer.

Before you create a Java service, you must:

Make sure the package in which you want to create the service already exists. If the package does not already exist, use Developer or the Integration Server Administrator to create it. For details, see “Creating a Package” on page 72.

Make sure the folder in which you want to create the service already exists. If the folder does not already exist, use Developer to create it. For details, see “Creating New Elements” on page 41.

Make sure that all Java and C services are unlocked or locked by you in the folder in which you want to create the new service. For details, see “Locking Java and C/C++ Services” on page 91.

Using the Developer IDEIn the Developer IDE, you use the Java service editor and its Shared tab to create your source code.

The Java Service EditorYou use the Java service editor to build the body of your program. It is like a template you “fill in” with custom Java code. Standard blocks of required code appear in the shaded areas at the top and bottom of the tab. You cannot alter the code in these areas.

Specify the inputs and outputs of the service. This stage is optional, but recommended. During this stage, you define the service’s inputs and outputs (if you know these) in Developer’s IDE. For information about this stage, see “Generating Java Code from Service Input and Output Parameters” on page 315.Create the Java service using Developer. During this stage, you write your program in Developer’s IDE. For information about this stage, see “Creating a Java Service with Developer’s IDE” on page 314.Specify the service’s run-time parameters. During this stage, you assign parameters that configure the run‐time environment for this service. For information about this stage, see “Setting Run‐Time Options for a Java Service” on page 317.

Important! All Java services that belong to the same folder reside in the same Java class file. This class has the same name as the folder.

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3



The Java service editor is like a template for building a service

The required code at the top of the Java service editor defines a static and final method with a single input parameter: an IData object. The block of required code at the bottom returns the pipeline to the caller.

When you build a Java service, you type (or paste) your code in the text box in the Java service editor. The following example shows a service that gets two values from the pipeline and uses them to compute a sales tax. It puts the computed tax into the pipeline.

You use the Java service editor to write the body of your service

Developerautomatically

generates requiredcode for you.

Type yourcode in here.



The Shared TabYou use the Shared tab to the specify common (that is, shared) attributes of this class. This includes the superclass and interface declarations, required imports, and member variables that are shared but not exposed as services. The code on this tab is shared by all services in this folder.

You use the Shared tab to specify the common attributes of the class

The Extends field allows you to specify a super class for the implementation. You are not required to specify a super class.

The Implements field specifies the names of Java interfaces that you want to implement in the extended class.

The Imports field specifies the names of additional Java packages whose classes are available to the current class. When you create a Java service with Developer, several Java packages are automatically added to the import list.

The Source field allows you to define global variables and methods that are shared by all services in the current folder. This is useful for building shared data structures and supporting functions that are not intended to be exposed as services. For example, you might use the Source field to define an account table and the methods to used to access it for a set of services that create, get, and delete account information.

Note: It is useful, but not necessary, to extend the class com.wm.app.b2b.server.Service. This class includes static methods for various common tasks, like retrieving the current session ID and formatting error messages.



Creating a Java Service with Developer’s IDEThe following procedure describes how to create the source code for a Java service using Developer’s IDE.


2 Click Java Service and click Next.

3 In the New Java Service dialog box, next to Folder, select the folder into which you want to save this service.

4 In the Name field, type a name for the service.

5 Click Finish.

6 If you know the set of inputs and outputs your program uses, specify these using the Input/Output tab.

7 Type the code for your service at the top of the Java service editor. For information about Java classes provided with webMethods Integration Server, see the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference in Developer_directory\doc\api\Java\index.html.

8 If you want to make additional methods and/or structures available to the service, complete the following fields on the Shared tab.

Note: Because services are implemented as static methods, most shared code is usually static as well.

To create a Java service with Developer

Note: You can use Developer to automatically generate Java code that gets and puts those input and output values in the pipeline. For more information about automatically generating Java code, see “Generating Java Code from Service Input and Output Parameters” on page 315.

Use this field... To specify...

Extends The name of the superclass (if any) of which this class is an extension. If you specify a superclass, type its Java class name (fully qualified if necessary).



9 When you finish specifying your code in the Java service editor and on the Shared tab, click on the toolbar to save and compile the service.

10 If Developer cannot compile the service because the Integration Server to which you are connected cannot find a Java compiler, Developer displays an error message. Do the following to ensure the Integration Server can locate the Java compiler:

a Ensure that a Java compiler is installed on the same machine as the Integration Server.

b Add the location of the Java compiler to the system path of the machine where the Integration Server is installed.

c Restart the Integration Server.

Generating Java Code from Service Input and Output ParametersIf, before you start writing your service, you know the set of inputs and outputs that it will use, you can declare the service’s input/output parameters first and generate Java code from it. This code gets the specified input values from the pipeline and assigns them to variables in your program. It also puts the output values into the pipeline.

Implements The names of interfaces within the superclass that this class implements. Take the following steps to specify each interface that you want to implement:

Click to add a new row to the list.

Type the name of a valid Java class name (fully qualified if necessary). You do not need to type the “implements” keyword.

Imports The names of Java packages that this class imports. Take the following steps to specify each package that you want to import:

Click to add a new row to the list.

Type the name of a valid Java class name (for example, com.wm.util.Table) or a package import specification (for example, java.util.*). You do not need to type the “import” keyword.

Source Data structures, methods, and other Java code that you want to make available to all services in this folder.

Use this field... To specify...



For example, if the Input/Output tab for the service defines the following variables as input and output:

Developer will generate the following Java code for your service:// pipelineIDataCursor pipelineCursor = pipeline.getCursor();StringState = IDataUtil.getString( pipelineCursor, "State" );StringAmount = IDataUtil.getString( pipelineCursor, "Amount" );pipelineCursor.destroy();

// pipelineIDataCursor pipelineCursor_1 = pipeline.getCursor();IDataUtil.put( pipelineCursor_1, "Tax", "Tax" );pipelineCursor_1.destroy();

When Developer generates code from the service input/output parameters, it puts the code on the Clipboard. From there, you can paste it into your program (at the top of the Java service editor or in your own IDE) and modify it as necessary.

1 Open the Java service for which you want to generate code (if you are creating the Java service in your own IDE, use Developer to create a new, empty Java service that you will use only for the purpose of declaring a set of input/output parameters).

2 Click the Input/Output tab and define the inputs and outputs for this service if they are not already specified. For more information about defining inputs and outputs for a service, see “To declare input and output parameters for a service” on page 126.

3 If you want to generate code for a subset of the variables on the Input/Output tab, select those variables.

4 On the Tools menu, click Generate Code.

5 On the Code Generation dialog box, select For implementing this service and click Next.

Input Variable Name Type

State String

Amount String

Output Variable Name Type

Tax String

Note: webMethods Integration Server returns everything that your service puts into the pipeline, regardless of what is declared as its input/output parameters. Declaring a serviceʹs input and output parameters does not filter what variables the service actually receives or returns at run time. It simply provides a formal description of what the service requires as input and produces as output.

To generate Java code from the service input/output parameters



6 Specify the following options.

7 Click Finish. Developer generates code and places it on the Clipboard.

8 Paste the contents of the Clipboard into your source code.

Setting Run-Time Options for a Java ServiceWhen you create a Java service with Developer, you can set options to specify the run‐time behavior of the service. These options determine whether:

The service runs in stateless mode.

The results of the service are maintained in cache.

An output template is applied to the service when it is invoked by a browser.

You specify these options in the Properties panel. For information about using these options, see “Specifying Run‐Time Parameters” on page 129 and “Assigning an Output Template to a Service” on page 127.

Building Java Services with Your Own IDEThere may be times when you want to use your own IDE instead of Developer to build a Java service.

The Namespace DirectoryTo successfully publish (install) a Java service that you have created with your own IDE, you need to understand exactly how Java services are stored on webMethods Integration Server.

Each package on webMethods Integration Server has a namespace directory, called “ns.” For example, a package called “purch” would have the following directory structure:

IntegrationServer_directory\packages\purch\ns

Under this... Specify...

Specification Whether you want to generate code for the input variables, the output variables, or both.

Which fields? Whether you want to generate code for all variables in the Input/Output tab or just the selected variables.



The ns directory contains information about the services in that package. An “entry” in the namespace directory corresponds to a service or a folder. The contents of each entry depend on what kind of entry it is.

Service entries contain information about properties of the service (for example, statelessness), the input and output parameters of the service (if they have been defined), and Java or XML source if the source is available for that service.

Folder entries contain information about the folder. This information is usually limited to Java source for the services in that folder, if available.

For Java services, information about the service is stored in the namespace directory. However, the compiled code for that service (that is, the class file) is stored in the code subdirectory. The following shows the directory path to the class files in the purch package.

IntegrationServer_directory\packages\purch\code\classes\recording\accounts.class

When you use Developer to build a Java service, it automatically updates and maintains the folder and service information in the namespace. However, if you build a Java service in your own IDE, you must use a utility called jcode to compile your service and generate the necessary files in the namespace.

The Source Code DirectoryEach package on the server has a source subdirectory that holds the Java source code for that package, if it is available.

When you finish coding your Java service, save its source file in this directory (subject to the normal Java constraints based on package declarations). You must name the files and intermediate directories according to the name of the service you are installing. For example, the source file for the recording accounts services shown in Appendix E, “jcode tags” would have the following path:

IntegrationServer_directory\packages\purch\code\source\recording\accounts.java

Important! Although you may want to examine the contents of the namespace directories on your webMethods Integration Server, do not modify this information by hand. Only modify this information using the appropriate webMethods tools or utilities. Inappropriate changes, especially to the ns directory of the WmRoot package, can disable your server.



Writing the Source Code for a ServiceYour service must be written as a method that takes an IData object as input.

A Java service is a method that is public and static. It takes a single instance of com.wm.data.IData as input and returns output in the pipeline. The following code shows the basic framework for a Java service:

public final static void myservice(IData pipeline) throws ServiceException {return; }

Additionally,

Your Java class must import the following Java packages.

com.wm.data.*;com.wm.app.b2b.server.ServiceException;com.wm.app.b2b.server.Service;

Your Java class must be public.

For performance reasons, it is also recommended that you make your class final.

Using the webMethods APIwebMethods Integration Server provides classes that you can use with Java services that you build. See the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference in:

Developer_directory\doc\api\Java\index.html

for a description of these classes.

The Basic StagesThe following describes the basic stages involved in creating a Java service with your own IDE.

Note: Services can throw ServiceException. Do not call Service.throwError.

Create an empty Java service using webMethods Developer (optional). During this stage, use Developer to create an empty Java template that you can use a guideline for coding your own service (see “Creating a Java Service with Developer’s IDE” on page 314).

Specify the input and output parameters (signature) of the service. During this stage, you define the service’s inputs and outputs (if you know these). You can use Developer to generate the input and output code that you can paste into your program (see “Generating Java Code from Service Input and Output Parameters” on page 315).

Stage 1

Stage 2



Commenting Code for the webMethods Integration ServerTo install your finished service on the webMethods Integration Server, you use the jcode utility. To use this utility successfully, you must annotate your source code with jcode tags (specially formatted Java comments) to “mark” the following segments of code:

Imports

Shared code within the class

Service definitions and service inputs and outputs

The following code fragment shows the tags used to mark the beginning and end of the import section.

You use similar tags to mark the beginning and end of other components in your source code. For a complete example, see “jcode Example” in Appendix E, “jcode tags”. For additional information about the jcode utility, see the next section “Using the jcode Utility”.

Create the Java service using your IDE. During this stage, you write and compile your program in your IDE. For more information about this stage, see “Writing the Source Code for a Service” on page 319.

Saving and compiling your code using jcode (optional). During this stage, you can make your source code available for editing by Developer by using the jcode utility. For information, see “Commenting Code for the webMethods Integration Server” on page 320.

Publish the service to the webMethods Integration Server. During this stage, you register your service on the Integration Server using the jcode utility. For information, see “Using the jcode Utility” on page 321.

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

.

.

.// --- <<IS-START-IMPORTS>> ---import com.wm.data.*;import java.util.*;// --- <<IS-END-IMPORTS>> ---...



Using the jcode UtilityWhen you finish creating and annotating your source code, you use the jcode utility to compile it and store its service information in the ns directory.

Jcode operates in three basic modes:

Make Mode (for compiling Java source code).

Fragment Mode (for pulling apart source code and storing fragments and signatures in the namespace).

Composite Mode (for rebuilding the source files from fragments in the namespace).

You must use the make and fragment modes to run your services on webMethods Integration Server and edit the source code from Developer.

Make ModeYou use this mode to examine source files for one or more folders in a package and compile those that have been modified since they were last compiled. The jcode utility will report which files were compiled, as well as any errors that were encountered during the process.

To make all the code in a package, type the following on the command line:jcode makeall Package

To compile source files, the jcode utility invokes the JDK Java compiler, javac using the following command:

javac –classpath pathName –d classDir fileList

Where pathName is the classpath to use for the compile, classDir is the destination directory for the compiled classes, and fileList is a list of the names of source files to compile.

If you do not have the JDK installed, or you want to use another compiler, you can set webMethods Integration Server’s watt.server.compile property to a new command line (using the arguments described above). For instance, to use IBM’s jikes, you would set this property to:

jikes +E –nowarn –classpath pathName –d classDir fileList

Fragment ModeYou use this mode to update the Java code fragments and service signatures (input and output parameters) in the namespace based on the jcode tags in the source code file. The original source file is not modified, but namespace information is updated and the source code for the service becomes available through Developer.

Important! Before you can compile a service using jcode, you must set the environment variable IS_DIR to point to the directory in which webMethods Integration Server is installed.



To fragment all the code in a package, type the following on the command line:jcode fragall Package

To fragment only the code for a single folder (that is, a single Java source file), type the following on the command line:

jcode frag Package Folder

Composite ModeComposite mode is the opposite of fragment mode. You use this mode to build a source file based on the code fragments currently defined in the namespace.

To construct a source file based on the current information in the namespace, type the following on the command line:

jcode comp Package Folder

Other jcode CommandsBecause the two‐step process of making and fragmenting source code is so common, there are several shortcuts built in to jcode.

The “update” mode makes and fragments only source files which have changed. To update (make and frag) all the folders within a package which have changed, type the following at the command line:

jcode update Package

To update (make and frag) all the code in all packages on webMethods Integration Server, type the following at the command line:

jcode upall

To force a make and frag on all packages on webMethods Integration Server, type:jcode hailmary

Important! The existing source file, if there is one, is overwritten by the source file produced by jcode. User locks in Developer will not prevent this, since the jcode utility operates independently of locking functionality.

Important! If your Java source code contains any non‐ASCII characters, set the property watt.server.java.source=Unicode | UnicodeBig | UnicodeLittle. The default value is file.encoding. When Unicode is set, the compile command line specified in the property watt.server.compile.unicode is used. The default value of this property is “javac -encoding Unicode -classpath {0} -d {1} {2}”.



Building Services Using C/C++You can use Developer to build a set of starter files you can use to create a C/C++ service. These files include:

A Java service that calls your C program.

A C/C++ source‐code “template” that you use to create your C program.

A make file you use to compile the finished program and place it on the server.

Before you create a C/C++ service, you must:

Make sure you have a C compiler installed on webMethods Integration Server that you will use to develop and test the service.

Make sure the package in which you want to create the service already exists. If the package does not already exist, create it using webMethods Developer. For more information about creating a package, see “Creating a Package” on page 72. (If you do not have Developer or Administrator privileges, ask your server administrator to do this.)

Make sure the directory for this package contains a “code/libs” directory. When you compile your C/C++ service, the make file places the compiled service (a DLL) in this directory. If the package does not already have a code/libs directory, create one before you begin building the service.

Make sure the folder in which you want to create the service already exists. If the folder does not exist, use Developer to create it. For details, see “Creating New Elements” on page 41.

Declare the input and output parameters for your service in a specification. When Developer generates the starter code for your service, it creates code that extracts the specified input values from the pipeline and assigns them to variables in your program. It also inserts your service’s output variables into the pipeline. To do this, Developer must know the input and output requirements of your service. You supply this information in a specification. For information about creating a specification, see Chapter 9, “Creating IS Schemas, IS Document Types, and Specifications”.



Generating Files for a C/C++ ServiceIf you have satisfied the prerequisites identified above, you can use the following procedure to generate the files that you need to build a C/C++ service.


2 Click C Service and click Next.

3 In the New C Service dialog box, in the list next to Folder, select the folder into which you want to save this service.

4 In the Name field, type a name for the service and click Next.

5 Select the platform that describes the machine on which your webMethods Integration Server is running (Developer needs to know this in order to build the right make file). Click Next.

6 Select the specification for this service.

7 Click Finish.

The Java Code for a C ServiceWhen you build a C/C++ service, Developer builds a Java service that calls a DLL, which you create by writing a C program. The Java service is the means by which your C program is exposed to clients (IS clients invoke this Java service, not the C program directly). The Java service also supplies the input/output parameters for the program, which makes it possible to include it in a flow service and link its inputs and output on the Pipeline tab.

Note: If you are running the Integration Server as an NT service, you must complete one of the following:

Set the Windows system environment variable PATH to include IntegrationServer\lib

‐OR‐

Copy the wmJNI.dll and wmJNIc.dll files located in IntegrationServer\lib to the

IntegrationServer directory

where IntegrationServer is the directory in which you installed the Integration Server.

To generate C/C++ project files



Developer generates all the Java code needed to successfully call your C program. You may add your own custom code to the C service editor or its Shared tab if you want to execute any special procedures before or after the C program is called, but other than that, this service contains everything you need.

The C service editor contains code that calls the Java wrapper for the C program

The Shared tab contains code that loads the library containing the C program



The Input/Output tab declares the input/output parameters for the service

Building the C/C++ Source CodeDeveloper also generates a source code file and a make file for you. It places these files in the following directory:

IntegrationServer_directory\packages\packageName\code\source

The names of the files will match the service name you specified in Developer.

1 Locate the source code and make files.

2 Copy the source code file to a new file (in the same directory) with the following file name:

serviceNameImpl.c

For example, if your service name is PostPO, you would copy PostPO.c to PostPOImpl.c.

You create the program in the serviceNameImpl.c file, not the original file. This is the file in which the make file expects to find your source code. (This step is taken to maintain a copy of the original source file to which you can refer, or revert back to, during your development.)

3 Edit the serviceNameImpl.c file as necessary to build your service.

This file will contain instructive comments that will guide your development. You can also refer to webMethods C API for information about how to use the webMethods C/C++ API to make the data in your service available to other services. This file is located in Developer_directory\doc\api\c\index.html.

To build the C/C++ source code



4 Edit the make file to customize it for your development environment. Set the following path settings:

5 After you finish coding your service, run your make file to compile it. Following is a typical make command:

make –f SalesTax.mak

The make file compiles your program and puts the finished DLL in the code\libs directory in the package in which the service resides (if this directory does not exist when you run the make file, your program will not compile successfully).

6 Once your program compiles successfully, restart webMethods Integration Server to reload the code\libs directory. This makes the service available for execution and allows you to test it with Developer. For details on testing, see Chapter 11, “Testing and Debugging Services”.

Building Services Using COMThere are two ways in which you can use COM objects with webMethods Integration Server. You can:

Invoke methods/properties on existing COM or DCOM objects. webMethods Integration Server includes built‐in services for instantiating any COM or DCOM object registered on your system and invoking its methods and properties. This allows you to use existing COM APIs written in Visual Basic or Visual C++ without writing low‐level bridging code. For details, see “Invoking Methods from Existing COM and DCOM Objects” on page 328.

Create services using COM. webMethods Integration Server includes libraries for use in your own Visual Basic or Visual C++ code. They allow you to create COM objects that perform work on webMethods data structures. These objects (compiled into ActiveX DLLs or EXEs) can then be registered as native services, indistinguishable from their Java counterparts.

Set... To...

JDKDIR To the directory that contains the Java Development Kit.

SEVRDIR The directory in which webMethods Integration Server is installed.

Important! The source code file serviceName.c contains code based on the specification you selected for the service. If you edit the specification, you need to regenerate the source code file. Developer does not update the serviceName.c file automatically. For more information about generating source code files for a C/C++ service, see “Generating Files for a C/C++ Service” on page 324.



RequirementsTo use webMethods Integration Server with COM or DCOM, your webMethods Integration Server must be running Java Virtual Machine 1.2 or later.

Invoking Methods from Existing COM and DCOM ObjectsYou can use webMethods Integration Server to access methods in existing COM and DCOM libraries that do not use webMethods IData objects. For example, you may have a COM object that performs a validation routine on a String and returns an encrypted String in response. It may not be sensible or desirable to wrap this object with a service if the component is simple enough and/or part of an existing, unmodifiable application. In these cases, the dispatch services can help.

Creating the ObjectThe win32.COM.dispatch:createObject service (located in the WmWin32 package) will create an object given a Program ID or the Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for that object. You need to provide this service with the following inputs:

Important! If you modify Visual Basic code intended for use with webMethods Integration Server libraries, do not use the debug mode in the Visual Basic development environment to test your code. (The debugger does not maintain references to webMethods Integration Server libraries.) Instead, use a logging feature in your development environment to test the code.

Name Description

progid

–OR–

guid

The program ID of the object that you want to invoke.

The Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) of the object that you want to invoke.

context The context for the object, which is INPROC (DLL), LOCAL_SERVER (EXE), or REMOTE_SERVER (EXE).

server DCOM only. The TCP/IP domain name of the machine where the DCOM object is located. For example, doc.rubicon.com or 128.111.222.001.

user Optional. DCOM only. The name of the user in which to launch the remote COM object.

password Optional. DCOM only. The password associated with user.

domain Optional. DCOM only. The Windows domain associated with user.

Note: The WmWin32 package is deprecated for Integration Server 7.1.



The service will return a reference to the object called pDispatch or throw an error if the object cannot be created.

Invoking the ObjectTo invoke methods or properties on this object once you have created it, use win32.COM.dispatch:invoke. You need to supply this service with the following inputs:

If the invocation is successful, the return value is contained in “result.” If the result is an object variable, it can then be the target of subsequent calls to invoke by linking the result to pDispatch in the next invoke.

Tip! The WmWin32 package is installed with the Integration Server on Microsoft Windows platforms but, by default, is not enabled. To view the package and access its services within Developer, first enable it using the Integration Server Administrator.

Name Description

pDispatch An object reference previously obtained by the call to createObject or obtained in the result value of a previous call to invoke.

dispName The name of the COM method or property that you want to invoke.

accessType Optional. The type of operation (METHOD, GET, PUT, PUTREF) to be performed on dispName. If you are invoking a DCOM object, always set accessType to GET. Incorrect setting of this parameter will cause the invoke to fail.

If you are unsure whether a dispName is a method or property, examine the component’s type library using OLEVIEW or a Microsoft development environment.

params Optional. An object array of parameters. This is exposed in Developer as an array of Strings for usability (because Objects cannot be manipulated in Developer), but is in reality an Object array. If you need to pass complex or native types, you may have to create this value within your own service.


13 Creating Client Code

Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Building a Java Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Building a C/C++ Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Building a Visual Basic Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Building an Excel Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Building a Browser-Based Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341



Basic ConceptswebMethods Developer enables you to automatically generate client code in a variety of languages and for several environments. Client code is application code that invokes a service on a webMethods Integration Server. It typically performs the following basic tasks:

Prompts the user for input values (if your service takes input)

Places the inputs into an input document (if your service takes input)

Opens a session on webMethods Integration Server

Invokes a service

Receives output from the service

Closes a session on webMethods Integration Server

Displays the output to the user

The client code that Developer generates can serve as a good starting point for your own development.

Building a Java ClientYou can use Developer to generate Java client code that invokes a service.

AssumptionswebMethods Integration Server is running.

A fully functional JDK is installed. If you are using the JVM that was installed with the Integration Server, no further action is needed. If you are using a different JVM, do the following to obtain the files the Integration Server needs to support signed libraries:



You are using one of the cryptographic service providers (CSPs) that webMethods Integration Server provides (Sun, IBM, Entrust, or IAIK). If you are using a different provider, the libraries supplied by that provider must be digitally signed.

Your classpath consists of at least the following: webMethods_directory\common\lib\wm-isclient.jarwebMethods_directory\common\lib\ext\mail.jar

If you want to use any classes in the Entrust Toolkit, the classpath must contain the following:webMethods_directory\common\lib\ext\enttoolkit.jar

LimitationsWhen Developer generates client code, it ignores input or output variables that are of type Object or Object list. Client code is not generated for these variables.

When Developer generates client code, Developer replaces any space in a variable name with an underscore.

The client code that Developer generates does not support multiple input or output variables with the same name.

If you want to override these limitations, you will need to modify the client code that Developer generates.

If your run-time JDK is... Do the following...

JDK 1.4.* Ensure that the unlimited strength jurisdiction policy files (local_policy.jar and US_export_policy.jar) are installed as part of your JVM installation.

If these files are not installed, download them as follows:

If you are running the Sun JDK 1.4.*, download the files from http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/download.html/.

If you are running the IBM JDK 1.4.*, download the files from http://www‐106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/.

JDK 1.5.* Ensure that the unlimited strength jurisdiction policy files (local_policy.jar and US_export_policy.jar) are installed as part of your JVM installation.

If these files are not installed, download them as follows:

If you are running the Sun JDK 1.5.*, download the files from http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp.

If you are running the IBM JDK 1.5.*, download the files from http://www‐106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/.


http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/download.html/

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/

http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/


ProcedureUse the following procedure to generate Java client code that invokes a service:

1 Open the service for which you want to generate client code.


3 In the Code Generation dialog box, select For calling this service from a client, and then click Next.

4 In the Language field, select Java, and then click Next.

5 Specify the directory where you want Developer to place the generated client code. Either select an existing directory or type the path for a new directory. If you type the path for a new directory, Developer creates the directory.

6 Click Finish.

Developer generates the file that contains the Java client code (ServiceName.java) and a Readme.txt file. The Java client code is written to the hard disk in ISO8859_1, the character set in which the file is encoded.

Modify the generated client code to meet your site’s needs. You can update the client code to invoke built‐in services and to use the provided Java API. For information about the built‐in services that are available, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference. Documentation for the Java API can be found at Developer_directory\doc\api\Java\index.html.

To complete your client application, refer to the Readme.txt file located in the same directory as your client code.

Files that Are GeneratedThis section describes the files that Developer generates for a Java client application.

To generate Java client code that invokes a service

File Name Description

Readme.txt A file that contains information and instructions for the Java client code. Refer to this file for information about compiling and running the Java client application.

ServiceName.java An example file, encoded in ISO8859_1, that contains the application code for the Java client. The application code includes a rudimentary user interface that uses the classes in the FolderName directory. It is not intended for use “as is” in custom applications.



Building a C/C++ ClientYou can use Developer to generate C/C++ client code that invokes a service.


A platform that has the C/C++ compiler (for example, GCC) is installed. webMethods generates code for the following platforms: Windows, Solaris, HP‐UX, Linux, AIX.

The wm‐isclient.jar file is in the classpath for Developer. The client.jar file is a webMethods file that is located in the webMethods_directory\common\lib directory.

The Make facility is installed.

JDK 1.1.x is installed (if you intend to use the C libraries provided with Integration Server and Developer).

LimitationsThe client code that Developer generates does not support multiple input or output variables with the same name.



Important! The provided C libraries are built using JDK 1.1.7. If you want to use a different version of the JDK to compile C/C++ services, you need to rebuild the C/C++ libraries with that JDK and then replace the old library files with the rebuilt ones. For more information about rebuilding the C libraries, see the README installed with the C/C++ SDK.

To rebuild the C libraries, you need use the C/C++ SDK. The C/C++ SDK is not installed by default. To install the C/C++ SDK, select it from the list of installable components during installation.



ProcedureUse the following procedure to have Developer generate C/C++ client code that invokes a service:



3 In the Code Generation dialog box, select For calling this service from a client; then click Next.

4 In the Language field, select the C/C++ platform for which you are creating client code. Click Next.

5 Identify the directory where you want Developer to place the generated client code. Either select an existing directory or type the path for a new directory. If you type the path for a new directory, Developer creates the directory.

6 Click Finish.

Developer generates the file that contains the C client code (ServiceName.c), a file that contains compiling settings (ServiceName.mak), and a CReadme.txt file.

Modify the generated client code to meet your site’s needs. You can update the client code to invoke built‐in services and to use the webMethods C API. For information about the built‐in services that are available, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference. For documentation about the C API, see Developer_directory\doc\api\C\index.html.

To complete your client application, refer to the CReadme.txt file located in the same directory as your client code.

Files that Are GeneratedThis section describes the files that Developer generates for a C/C++ client application.

To generate C/C++ client code that invokes a service


CReadme.txt A file that contains information and instructions for the C client code. Refer to this file for information about compiling, running, and deploying your C/C++ client application.

ServiceName.mak A file that contains compiling settings for the C/C++ client. Be sure to update this file with the correct settings for your environment.

ServiceName.c An example file that contains the C/C++ client code. It is not intended for use “as is” in custom applications.



Building a Visual Basic ClientYou can use Developer to generate Visual Basic client code that invokes a service. Developer creates files that contain the layout and the code for your application.


Visual Basic Version 6 is installed.

webMethods7 Type Library is installed.

Environment SetupYour system PATH environment variable must include the following directory:

webMethods7\jvm\win150\jre\bin\client

LimitationsThe client code that Developer generates supports only input values and output values of type String, String list, and String table.




ProcedureUse the following procedure to have Developer generate Visual Basic client code that invokes a service.



Note: The webMethods7 Type Library is a COM object that Visual Basic uses to interact with webMethods Integration Server. The webMethods7 Type Library is automatically installed when you install Developer.

To generate Visual Basic client code that invokes a service



3 In the Code Generation dialog box, select For calling this service from a client, and click Next.

4 In the Language field, select Visual Basic 5/6, and click Next.


6 Click Finish.

Developer generates several files, including the serviceNameReadMe.txt file. This file contains detailed information about all the generated files. Refer to it to complete your client application and for information about deploying your client application.

Files that Are GeneratedThis section describes the files that Developer generates for a Visual Basic client application.

General Files

Files for the User Interface


ServiceName.vbp The Visual Basic project file.

ServiceNameReadme.txt The file that contains information and instructions for the Visual Basic client code. Refer to this file for information about deploying your Visual Basic client application.


frmArrayInput.frm Contains layout and code that is used if any of the input values for the service are of type String list.

frmOutput.frm Contains layout and code that is used when the service returns output. It also contains the Setup, Invoke, and Exit buttons.

frmSetup.frm Contains layout and code that prompts for the server properties for the webMethods Integration Server on which the service to execute resides.

frmStringInput.frm Contains layout and code that is used if any of the input values for the service are of type String.



Files Containing the Code that Invokes the Service

File Containing the Code that Interacts with webMethods Integration Server

Building an Excel ClientYou can use Developer to generate client code that executes a service from a MS Excel spreadsheet.


Excel 97 or Excel 2000 is installed.

webMethods7 Type Library is installed.

frmTableInput.frm Contains layout and code that is used if any of the input values for the service are of type String table.

wmSampleLib.bas Contains code that is specific to the sample template that Developer generates.


ServiceName.bas An example file that illustrates how to use the service class in an application. This module is dependent on objects in the project template that Developer provides. It is not intended for use “as is” in custom applications.

ServiceName.cls The service object. You include this object in your own project.


wmVBConnection.bas Code used as a layer of abstraction to interact with webMethods Integration Server.

Note: The webMethods7 Type Library is a COM object that Visual Basic uses to interact with webMethods Integration Server. The webMethods7 Type Library is automatically installed when you install Developer.




LimitationsThe client code that Developer generates only supports input values of type String and output values of type String, String list, and String table.




ProcedureUse the following procedure to have Developer generate Excel client code that invokes a service.



3 In the Code Generation dialog box, select For calling this service from a client, and click Next.

4 In the Language field, select Excel 97/2000, and click Next.


6 Click Finish.

Developer generates several files, including the serviceNameReadMe.txt file. This file contains detailed information about all generated files.

7 Copy the wmXLTemplate.xls file that Developer provides to the directory that contains the client code that Developer generated. The wmXLTemplate.xls file is located in the Developer_directory\support\Excel directory.

8 Open the wmXLTemplate.xls file. When prompted to indicate whether you want to enable macros, select Enable Macros.

9 Follow the instructions in the wmXLTemplate.xls file to complete your client application. See the ServiceNameReadMe.txt file for information about deploying your client application.

To generate Excel client code that invokes a service



Files that Are GeneratedThis section describes the files that Developer generates for an Excel client application.

Building a Browser-Based ClientYou can invoke a service with a URL. This means that you can invoke a service by entering the URL into your Web browser or by embedding the URL in Web pages.

To build a browser‐based client, create one or more Web pages that invoke URLs for one or more services. When webMethods Integration Server receives the first URL from a Web browser, it creates a session for the client on webMethods Integration Server. The session information is stored in a cookie in the browser. As the user of the browser‐based application clicks on links to URLs that invoke services, webMethods Integration Server uses the cookies to find session information for the client. webMethods Integration Server keeps the session information for the client until the session expires. Sessions expire based on the configured session time‐out value. For more information about setting the session time‐out limit, refer to the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.


The input values for the services you want to invoke are determined. You will need to include the input values in the URL that you use to invoke a service.

LimitationsWhen you test a service using the Run in Browser command, only input values of the type String and String list will be passed to the service. Input values of the type document, document list, Object, and Object list will not be displayed when the Web page is served.


ServiceNameReadMe.txt A file that contains information and instructions for the Visual Basic client code. Refer to this file for information about deploying your Visual Basic client application.

ServiceName.bas An example file that illustrates how to use the service class in a spreadsheet. This module is dependent on objects in the project template that Developer provides. It is not intended for use “as is” in custom applications.

ServiceName.cls The service object. You include this object into your own project.

Note: You cannot use Developer to generate browser‐based clients.



Invoking Services with a URLFirst, build your Web pages using any tool you choose. To invoke the URL, use either the HTTP GET or the POST method. In either case, use a URL similar to the following:

Using the HTTP GET MethodTo use the GET method, embed a URL that includes all the input values for the service in the query string portion of the URL. When the server receives the URL, it translates the input values into an IData object. For more information about how the server creates the IData object that it sends to the service, refer to “Input to the Service” on page 343.

Item Description

1 Identifies the webMethods Integration Server on which the service you want to invoke resides.

2 Specifies the required keyword “invoke”, which tells webMethods Integration Server that the URL identifies a service that is to be invoked.

3 Identifies the folder in which the service to invoke resides. Separate subfolders with periods. This field is case sensitive. Be sure to use the same combination of upper and lower case letters as specified in the folder name on webMethods Integration Server.

4 Identifies the service that you want to invoke. This field is case sensitive. Be sure to use the same combination of upper and lower case letters as specified in the service name on webMethods Integration Server.

5 Specifies the input values for the service. Specify a question mark (?) before the input values. The question mark signals the beginning of input values. Each input value is represented as variable=value. The variable portion is case sensitive. Be sure to use the same combination of upper and lower case letters as specified in your service. If your service requires more than one input value, separate each variable=value with an ampersand (&).

Note: Only specify this part of the URL when using the HTTP GET method.

Note: If you are serving the Web pages that invoke services from a webMethods Integration Server, you can use a relative URL to invoke the service. By doing so, you can serve the exact Web page from several servers without having to update the URLs.

http://IS_server:5555/invoke/sample.webPageDemo/getProductCost?sku=A1&quantity=1

1 2 3 4 5



Using the HTTP POST MethodTo use the POST method, create an HTML form in your Web page. Create fields in the HTML form in which a user will supply the input information. The values you specify for the NAME attributes of the HTML form fields should match the names of input values that the service expects. Be sure to use the exact combination of upper and lower case letters as specified in your service. For example, if your service requires the input values sku and quantity, you might create an HTML form with the following fields:

<SELECT NAME="sku"><OPTION VALUE="A1">A1</OPTION><OPTION VALUE="B2">B2</OPTION><OPTION VALUE="C3">C3</OPTION></SELECT>

<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="quantity" VALUE="1">

Specify the URL for the service in the ACTION attribute and “POST” in the METHOD attribute. For example:

<FORM ACTION="/invoke/sample.webPageDemo/getProductCost" METHOD="POST">

After the user fills in the form and submits it, the Web browser creates a document that contains the information the user supplied in the HTML form (performs an HTTP POST). The browser invokes the URL identified in the ACTION attribute, which invokes the service on webMethods Integration Server, and the browser posts the document that contains the user’s input information to webMethods Integration Server. For more information about how the server creates the IData object that it sends to the service, see “Input to the Service” on page 343.

Input to the ServiceRegardless of whether webMethods Integration Server receives a URL that uses the HTTP GET or POST method, it creates an IData object from the input information. It then passes the IData object to the specified service. This becomes the pipeline upon which the service operates.

To create the pipeline object, webMethods Integration Server creates two key/value pairs for each input value: one of type String and one of type String list. For example, if the input values contain the variable sku with value A1 and quantity with value 1, the service is passed the following IData object:

Key Value Data Type

sku A1 String

skuList A1 String list

quantity 1 String

quantityList 1 String list



When the server receives multiple input values that are associated with the same variable name, the String variable in the IData object contains only the value of the first variable; the String list variable contains all values. For example, the following shows a URL that contains two values for the variable year and the resulting IData object that the server creates:

/invoke/sample.webPageDemo/checkYears?year=1998&year=1999

Similarly, if the HTML form contains two fields with the same name and a user supplies values for more than one, the String variable in the IData object contains only the value of the first variable; the String list variable contains all values. For example, the following shows sample HTML code that renders check boxes:

<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="blue">Blue<BR><INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="green">Green<BR><INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="red">Red<BR>

If the browser user selects all check boxes, the document that is posted to webMethods Integration Server will contain three values for the variable named Color. The following shows the IData object that the server passes to the service:

Note: Avoid using input variable names that end in “List.” Although the Integration Server will accept variable names ending in “List,” the resulting IData may not be structured in the way you need. For example, if you were to pass in a variable called “skuList,” the resulting IData will contain a String called “skuList” and a String list called “skuListList.” Moreover, if you were to pass in variables named “sku” and “skuList,” subsequent “sku” and “skuList” variables in the query string may not be placed in the IData fields as expected.

If you must use “List” at the end of your variable name, consider using “list” (lowercase) or appending one or more characters at the end of the name (for example, abcListXX).

Key Value Data Type

year 1998 String

yearList 1998 String list

1999

Key Value Data Type

Color blue String

ColorList blue String list

green

red



Output from the ServiceBy default, webMethods Integration Server displays the output from a service in a HTML Web page, using a table to render the output values. However, you can format the output using output templates. You can use an output template that formats the output from one service and includes a URL that invokes another service. For more information about output templates, see “Assigning an Output Template to a Service” on page 127.


14 Subscribing to Events

The Event Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Managing Event Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Building an Event Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Working with Alarm Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Working with Audit Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Working with Exception Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Working with Guaranteed Delivery Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Working with Port Status Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Working with Replication Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Working with Session Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Working with Stat Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Working with Transaction Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372



The Event ManagerThe Event Manager monitors the server for events and invokes event handlers when those events occur. An event is a specific action that the Event Manager recognizes and an event handler can react to. An event handler is a service that you write to perform some action when a particular event occurs.

Currently, the Event Manager recognizes the following types of events:

Event Type Description

Alarm Occurs when Integration Server throws an exception regarding the status or health of the server. The server generates alarm events when a user cannot log on to the server, a port cannot be started, a user is denied access to a port, an error occurs in Cluster Manager, or a service cannot execute because of errors. Subscribe to alarm events to invoke event handlers that perform specific actions such as notifying administrators about port access exceptions and service failures, or sending information to a console when a port cannot be started.

Audit Occurs when a service generates audit data. Subscribe to audit events to invoke specific actions when a particular service or class of service executes.

Exception Occurs every time a service throws an exception. Subscribe to exception events to invoke specific event handlers when a particular service or class of service fails.

Guaranteed Delivery

Occurs when a client uses guaranteed delivery to invoke a service on an Integration Server and when the server returns the service results to the requesting client. There are two types of guaranteed delivery events: GD Start and GD End. Subscribe to GD Start and GD End events to invoke event handlers that perform actions such as logging guaranteed delivery transactions to a file or sending notification.

JMS Delivery Failure

Occurs when the contents of a JMS message sent from the client side queue cause the JMS provider to throw a non‐transient error. Subscribe to JMS delivery failure events to capture information about JMS messages that the JMS provider did not process successfully. For example, you might want to use the event handler to send notification or log information about the undelivered JMS message.

JMS Retrieval Failure

Occurs when a JMS trigger service ends because of a non‐transient or transient error and Integration Server is configured to generate JMS retrieval failure events. Subscribe to JMS retrieval failure events to invoke event handlers when JMS message processing ends in error.



Port Status Occurs each time Integration Server updates the server statistics. The port status event provides information about the status of all the ports configured on Integration Server. Subscribe to port status events to invoke event handlers that perform actions such as sending port status data to a network monitoring system or writing port status data to a log file.

Replication Occurs when the pub.replicator:generateReplicationEvent service executes. Subscribe to replication events to invoke event handlers that perform actions such as notifying package subscribers when a package is published and maintaining a log of pulled or distributed packages.

Security Occurs when an administrative or operational security action takes place on Integration Server and that security action is configured for auditing.

Administrative actions refer to configuration changes related to Integration Server security activities. Examples of security actions include: modification to authorization, authentication, port settings, audit settings, SSL configuration, password lengths, and root certificates.

Operational actions refer to successful and unsuccessful login attempts to Integration Server, and successful or unsuccessful access to Integration Server services, documents, and portlets.

Session Occurs when a client starts or ends a session on the Integration Server or when the Integration Server terminates an inactive session. There are three types of session events: session start, session end, and session expire. Subscribe to session events to invoke event handlers that perform actions such as maintaining your own log files.

Stat events Occur each time Integration Server updates the statistics log (stats.log). Subscribe to stat events to invoke event handlers that perform actions such as maintaining your own log file or sending server statistics to a network monitoring system.

Transaction events

Occur when an Integration Server begins and finishes processing a guaranteed delivery transaction. There are two types of transaction events: Tx Start and Tx End. Subscribe to transaction events to invoke event handlers that perform specific actions (such as sending notification or logging information) when a particular guaranteed delivery transaction begins or finishes processing.

Event Type Description



What Are Event Handlers?An event handler is a service that you write to perform some action when a particular event occurs. (An event handler can be any type of service, such as a flow service or a Java service.) Event handlers subscribe to the events that they want to be notified of. For example, if you wanted an event handler to execute when a particular service throws an exception, you subscribe the event handler to the exception event for that service.

What Happens When an Event Occurs?When an event occurs, the Event Manager automatically invokes all event handlers that subscribe to the event. The event handlers receive an input object containing run‐time information. The exact content of this input object varies depending on the type of event that occurred and, for audit events, the run‐time properties set on both Integration Server and the service that generated the event.

Once an event handler is invoked, its execution is completely asynchronous of the event that invoked it. If the execution of a service invokes an event handler (as with audit and exception events), the execution path of the invoking service is not blocked or altered in any way (in fact, it is never even aware that it invoked an event handler).

Other points to keep in mind about events and event handlers:

An event can have more than one subscriber, which means that a single event might invoke several event handlers.

If an event invokes more than one event handler, all the event handlers execute simultaneously. They do not execute serially and they are not invoked in any particular order. (If you have a series of actions that must execute in a specific sequence, you should encapsulate the entire sequence within a single event handler.)

An event handler can subscribe to more than one event.

When event handlers run, they do not generate audit events.

If an event handler throws an exception, it generates an exception event. This is true for all event handlers but exception event handlers. When an exception event handler throws an exception, it does not generate an exception event.

Managing Event SubscriptionsYou can use the Event Manager in Developer to manage all of your event subscriptions. The Event Manager can perform the following tasks:

Subscribe event handlers to events.

View or edit event subscriptions.

Suspend event subscriptions.

Delete event subscriptions.



The following sections contain more information about each of these tasks.

Subscribing to an EventYou can use the Event Manager in Developer to subscribe to an event on the current server. This action registers the event handler with the Event Manager and specifies which events will invoke it. To access the Event Manager, use the Tools Event Manager command.

Use the Event Manager in Developer to subscribe to events

Use the following procedure to subscribe to an event on the current server. To perform this procedure, you must have already:

Identified the event type you want to subscribe to

Identified the service or services that generate an event you want to subscribe to (if you want to subscribe to an audit event, exception event, or GD Start event)

Written the event handler that will execute when the identified event occurs

1 On the Tools menu, click Event Manager.

2 In the Event Manager dialog box, in the View event subscribers for list, select the event type to which you want to subscribe.

3 Click to add a new subscriber.

Note: You can also use built‐in services to add, modify, and delete event subscriptions. These services are located in the pub.event folder. For more information about built‐in services, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

To subscribe to an event on the current server

To subscribe to an event, specify thetype of event that you want to react to...

...a filter to select the specific eventsyou want to react to...

...and the name of the event handlerthat is to be executed when this event

occurs.



4 In the Enter Input Values dialog box, complete the following fields:

5 Click OK. Subscriptions take effect immediately.

Creating Event FiltersEvent filters allow you to be very selective about which events you subscribe to. Event filters limit the events for an event type that invoke an event handler. By using event filters, you can subscribe an event handler to only those events generated by a particular service, package, user, or port. For example, you might want an event handler to be invoked only when a specific service generates an audit event. Or, you might want an event handler to be invoked only when a specific user logs on to the Integration Server.


Service The fully qualified name of the event handler that will subscribe to the event (that is, the service that will execute when the event occurs). You can either type the name in the Service field or click to locate and select the service from a list.

Example: sgxorders.Authorization:LogAuthTransFilter A pattern string to further limit the events this event handler subscribes

to. Filters vary depending on the event type you are subscribing to.

For example, if you are subscribing to an audit or exception event, create a filter to specify the names of services whose events this event handler subscribes to (that is, the services that, when executed, will invoke the event handler specified in Service).

You can use the * character as a wildcard (this is the only wildcard character recognized by this pattern string). The pattern string is case sensitive.

For more information about creating event filters, see “Creating Event Filters” on page 352.

Comment An optional descriptive comment about this subscription.

Enabled Whether the subscription is active or inactive. Set to true to activate the subscription. Set to false to deactivate the subscription. (This allows you to temporarily suspend a subscription without deleting it.)

Note: Integration Server saves information for event types and event subscriptions in the eventcfg.bin file. This file is generated the first time you start the Integration Server and is located in the following directory: IntegrationServer_directory\config. Copy this file from one Integration Server to another to duplicate event subscriptions across servers.



The following table identifies the information that you can filter on for each event type. Notice that you cannot create a filter for some event types. For these event types, every generated event invokes the event handlers subscribed to it.

Important! The asterisk (*) is the only wildcard character allowed in an event filter. All other characters in the pattern string are treated as literals. Pattern strings are case sensitive.

For this event type... You create a filter for...

Alarm Event The message generated by the alarm event. Create a filter that specifies some of the text of the message. The event handler with this filter will process all alarm events containing the specified text.

The following filter specifies that any alarm events that generate a message containing the word “port” will invoke the event handler:*port*

Audit Event The fully qualified name of the service that generates the audit event. Create a filter to specify the services whose audit events you want to invoke the event handler.

The following filter specifies that the service sgxorders.Authorization:creditAuth will invoke the event handler:sgxorders.Authorization:creditAuth

Exception Event The fully qualified name of the service that generates the exception event. Create a filter to specify the services whose exception events you want to invoke the event handler.

The following filter specifies that all services that start with the word “credit” and belong to any folder will invoke the event handler:*:credit*

GD End Event N/A

The filter for all GD End events is the following:*

GD Start Event The fully qualified name of the service that is being invoked using guaranteed delivery. Create a filter to specify the services that, when invoked using guaranteed delivery, will invoke the event handler.

The following pattern string specifies that all services that start with the word “sendPO” and belong to any folder will invoke the event handler:*:sendPO*



JMS Delivery Failure Event

The name of the JMS connection alias used to send the message to the JMS provider.

The following filter specifies that a JMS delivery failure event involving a JMS connection alias with “XA” in the JMS connection alias name will invoke the event handler:*XA*

JMS Retrieval Failure Event

The fully qualified name of the JMS trigger that called the trigger service for which the error occurred.

The following filter specifies that a JMS retrieval failure event involving a JMS trigger named “ordering:processTransaction” will invoke the event handler:*ordering:processTransaction*

Port Status Event N/A

The filter for all port status events is the following:*

Replication Event The name of the package being replicated. Create a filter to specify the packages that, when replicated, will invoke the event handler.

The following filter specifies that a replication event involving the package named “AcmePartnerPkg” will invoke the event handler:AcmePartnerPkg

Security Event N/A

You cannot filter on security events.

Session End Event N/A

The filter for all session end events is the following: *

Session Expire Event

N/A

The filter for all session expire events is the following: *

Session Start Event The user name for the user starting the session on the Integration Server or the groups to which the user belongs. Create a filter to specify which users or which user groups invoke an event handler when they start a session on the server.

The following filter specifies that a session start event generated by a user in the “Administrators” group will invoke the event handler. *Administrators*




Creating Event Filters for ServicesWhen you create a filter for a service name, you can be very selective about which service’s events you subscribe to. You can use regular expressions to create event filters for service names. The following examples show ways you can use regular expressions as event filters to specify an event that a particular service generates.

Viewing and Editing Event Subscriptions


2 In the View event subscribers for list, select the event type for which you want to view subscriptions.

Stat Event N/A

The filter for all stat events is the following:*

Tx End Event N/A

The filter for all Tx End events is the following: *

Tx Start Event N/A

The filter for all Tx Start events is the following: *

This filter... Will select events generated by...

sgxorders.Auth:creditAuth The service sgxorders.Auth:creditAuth.

sgxorders.Auth:credit* All services in the sgxorders.Auth folder, starting with the characters “credit.”

sgxorders.Auth:* All services in the sgxorders.Auth folder.sgxorders.* All services in the sgxorders folder and its subfolders.*.Auth*:credit* All services starting with the characters “credit” that

reside in any subfolder whose name starts the characters “Auth.”

*:credit* All services starting with the characters “credit” in any folder.

* All services.

To view or edit an event subscription on the current server




3 Click the subscription you want to edit, and then click .

4 Modify the fields in the Enter Input Values dialog box as needed and then click OK.

5 Repeat steps 2–4 for each subscription you want to view or edit.

6 Click OK when you finish viewing or editing event subscriptions. Your changes take effect immediately.

Suspending Event SubscriptionsYou can suspend an event subscription. By suspending an event subscription, you temporarily stop the execution of the event handler without deleting or removing the event handler. While the event subscription is suspended, the Event Manager does not invoke the associated event handler when the server generates the event to which it is subscribed. You can resume an event subscription at any time.


2 In the Event Manager dialog box, in the View event subscribers for list, select the event type for which you want to suspend a subscription.

3 Click the subscription you want to edit, and then click .

4 In the Enter Input Values dialog box, in the Enabled list, select false.

5 Repeat steps 2–4 for each event subscription you want to suspend.

6 Click OK when you finish suspending event subscriptions. Your changes take effect immediately.

Deleting an Event Subscription


2 In the Event Manager dialog box, in the View event subscribers for list, select the event type for which you want to delete a subscription.

3 Click the subscription you want to delete, and then click .

4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each subscription you want to delete.

5 Click OK when you finish deleting events. Your changes take effect immediately.

To suspend an event subscription

To delete an event subscription



Building an Event HandlerBuilding an event handler involves the following basic stages:

Sample Event HandlerFollowing are instructions for building an event handler named processLogon. The processLogon event handler sends a notification to a specified email address (such as the Server Administrator) when anyone in the Administrators group logs in to the Integration Server.

Create an empty flow service and name it processLogon.

1 On the Input/Output tab, next to the Specification Reference field, click .

2 In the Select dialog box, navigate to and select the pub.event:sessionStart specification.

3 Click OK.

Stage 1Stage 1 Creating an empty service. During this stage, you create the empty service that you want to use as an event handler.

Stage 2 Declaring the input and output. During this stage, you declare the input and output parameters for the event handler by selecting the specification or IS document type for the event type in pub.event. The specification and IS document type indicate the run‐time data that will be contained in the IData object passed to the event handler.

Stage 3 Inserting logic, code, or services. During this stage, you insert the logic, code, or services to perform the action you want the event handler to take when the event occurs. If you are building a flow service, make sure to link data between services and the pipeline.

Stage 4 Testing and debugging the service. During this stage, you use the testing and debugging tools available in Developer to make sure the event handler works properly.

Stage 5 Subscribing to the event. During this stage, you use the Event Manager to subscribe the event handler to the event. This action registers the event handler with the Event Manager and specifies which events will invoke it. You can create filters to be more selective about which events you subscribe to.

Stage 1Stage 1 To create the event handler

Stage 2 To assign input and output parameters to the event handler



1 On the editor toolbar, click and select Browse.

2 In the Browse dialog box, navigate to and select the pub.client:smtp service. Click OK.

3 On the Pipeline tab, use the Set Value modifier to assign values to the following variables in Service In:

4 On the File menu, click Save to save the service.

Use the testing and debugging tools in Developer (such as Test Run) to test and debug the service. For more information about these tools, see Chapter 11, “Testing and Debugging Services”.


2 In the Event Manager dialog box, in the View event subscribers for list, select Session Start Event.

3 Click to add a new event subscription.

Stage 3 To insert services into the event handler

For this field… Specify…

to The email address for the person to send event notification to.

subject %userid% logged in

The subject of the email message will contain the user ID of the person who logged on to the Integration Server as a member of the Administrators group.

mailhost The network name of your mailhost (for example, [email protected]).

body Administrators user %userid% logged into session %sessionName% with session ID %ssnid%

The body of the email message will contain the user name, session name, and session ID for the person who logged on to the Integration Server as an Administrator.

Stage 4 To test and debug the event handler

Stage 5 To subscribe the event handler to the event



4 In the Enter Input Values dialog box, complete the following fields:

5 Click OK. Subscriptions take effect immediately.

Working with Alarm EventsAn alarm event occurs when the Integration Server generates a message related to the status of the server. An alarm event can be generated for the following reasons:

A client experiences a logon failure or is denied access to the Integration Server. A client cannot log on because of “invalid credentials.”

Errors occur in the Cluster Manager. The inability to add a port to a cluster can cause errors in Cluster Manager.

A user tries to access a port and is denied access to the port. (This can happen when a user tries to execute a service not allowed on the port.) This type of alarm event is sometimes called a port access exception.

A port cannot be started. The most common reason a port cannot start is that the port is being accessed by another application.

A service cannot be loaded or executed due to setup errors. For a flow service, a possible error is a missing XML metafile. For a Java service, possible errors include a missing class file or method.

You can use alarm events to invoke event handlers that execute when the server generates messages related to the status of the server. For example, you might want to create an event handler that notifies the administrator when a user is denied access to the server or to a port, when a service fails to load or execute, or when a port does not start. You can also create event handlers to send data to a network monitoring system.

In this field… Do this…

Service Click and use the Select dialog box to navigate to and select the processLogon service.

Filter Type: *Administrators*

This pattern string specifies that the processLogon event handler will execute only when a user belonging to a user group containing the string “Administrators” logs on to the server.

For more information, see “Building Handlers for Session Start Events” on page 369.

Comment Specify a descriptive comment about this subscription.

Enabled Select true to activate the subscription.



Building Handlers for Alarm EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for an alarm event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and IS document type for these parameters are provided in the pub.event folder.)

Working with Audit EventsAn audit event occurs when a service generates audit data. You can use the options in a service’s Audit properties to specify when a service generates audit data. A service can generate audit data once, twice, or zero times during execution. You can use audit events to invoke other services when a particular service executes. For example, you might want an audit event generated for a critical service to invoke a logging service or a notification service. For more information about specifying when a service generates audit data, see “Configuring Service Auditing” on page 140.

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time that the alarm event occurred, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS

service A String containing the fully qualified name of the service that generated the event. A service can generate an alarm event when a client invokes a service that accesses information or a service on a remote server. If the client is not a member of an allowed group for the port on the remote server, the service will generate an alarm event.

sessionID A String containing the identification number for the session during which the alarm event was generated. Some alarm events are not generated during sessions. In these cases, the sessionID variable will not contain a value.

msg A String containing the error message from the alarm event.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to an alarm event, you can create a filter for the msg field to be more selective about the alarm events that invoke the event handler.



Building Handlers for Audit EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for an audit event, the event handler receives an IData object that contains the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for the input data are provided in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time the event occurred. By default, the format is yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss z. You can set the format by specifying the watt.server.dateStampFmt property. For instructions about how to specify server property settings, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

threadID A String containing the hash identifying the server thread that generated the audit event.

service A String containing the fully qualified name of the service that generated the event.

ssnid A String containing the identification number for the session of the service that generated the event.

result A String indicating the audit point. Will be one of the following:

String Description

Started This event marks the beginning of a service.Ended This event marks the end of a service that executed

successfully.Failed This event marks the end of a service that executed

unsuccessfully (that is, threw an exception) and is not configured to retry or has exhausted all retries.

Note: To capture details about any exception that is thrown when a service fails, you must subscribe to Exception Events. For information about Exception Events, see the following section.

Retried A retried event will be created each time a service is retried. Events are only created for a service if auditing for that type of event is enabled for the service (for example, start events will not be created unless auditing for service start is enabled for that service).



The audit event handlers that you build can make use of these inputs as they need to. Keep in mind that when the service’s Log on option is set to Error, success, and start an audit event handler is called twice each time a service runs: once when the service starts and again when it ends. Your event handler can check the value of the result parameter to determine whether it is processing an audit event from before or after the service executed. For more information about the Log on property in the Audit category of the Properties panel, see “Specifying When Audit Data Is Generated” on page 142.

Also, if your event handler needs data from the invoking service’s pipeline, make sure that service’s Include pipeline option is set to Always or On errors only. Otherwise, the pipeline element won’t be included in the input object that is passed to your event handler.

Working with Exception EventsAn exception event occurs when a service throws an exception (including when a flow service “exits on failure”). You can use exception events to invoke some prescribed action, such as notifying an administrator, when a particular service fails.

If a nested service throws an exception, an exception event is generated by each service in the call stack. For example, if service A1 calls service B1, and B1 throws an exception, both B1 and A1 generate exception events (in that order).

pipeline A copy of the state of the pipeline at the point where the event occurred. Note that this element is only included in the input object if the Include pipeline property is set to Always or On errors only or if the watt.server.auditLog server property is set to verbose. For more information about the Include pipeline property in the Audit category of the Properties panel, see “Including the Pipeline in the Audit Log” on page 143.

user A String containing the user name that invoked the service that generated the event.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to an audit event, you can create a filter for the service field to specify the services whose audit events you want to subscribe to. That is, you can specify which services’ audit events invoke the event handler.

Note: Keep in mind that event handlers are processed independently of the services that invoke them. They are completely separate, asynchronous processes. Event handlers are not designed to replace the error handling and/or error recovery procedures that you would normally include in your service.

Key Description



Building Handlers for Exception EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for an exception event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for this signature reside in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time the event occurred. By default, the format is yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss z. You can set the format by specifying the watt.server.dateStampFmt property. For instructions about how to specify server property settings, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

error A String containing the error message from the exception.

localizedError A String containing the error message text in the language that corresponds to your locale.

errorType A String containing the exception type that was thrown.

errorDump A String containing more detailed information about the exception (if the exception object contains dump information).

service A String containing the fully qualified name of the service that generated the event.

user A String containing the user that requested the service that generated this event.

callStack A document (IData object) containing the items in the call stack. See the pub.event:callStackItem IS document type for the definition of the documents in callStack.

pipeline A copy of the state of the pipeline at the point when the exception occurred.

threadID A String identifying the thread that invoked the service.

ssnid A String containing the identification number of the session during which the exception occurred.

errorMsgID A String containing the identification number for the error message.

errorDetails A document (IData object) containing additional exception information provided by the author of the Java service. For more information about constructing exceptions to return additional information, see the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference for the com.wm.util.LocalizedException class.

nestedErrorInfo A document (IData object) containing any nested errors and exceptions. See the pub.event:exceptionInfo IS document type for the definition of the items in nestedErrorInfo.



Working with Guaranteed Delivery EventsA guaranteed delivery event occurs when a client uses guaranteed delivery to invoke a service on a remote Integration Server, and when the server returns the service results to the requesting client. There are two types of guaranteed delivery events:

GD Start events occur when a client uses guaranteed delivery to invoke a service on a remote the Integration Server. In a flow service, executing the pub.remote.gd:start service generates a GD Start event.

GD End events occur when a client receives the results of the service it requested using guaranteed delivery. In a flow service, executing the pub.remote.gd:end service generates a GD End event.

Each guaranteed delivery transaction generates a GD Start event and a GD End event. You can subscribe to GD Start and GD End events to invoke event handlers that log guaranteed delivery transactions to a file or database. You might also want to use guaranteed delivery events to invoke event handlers that send notification. For example, if you use guaranteed delivery to invoke a service that processes purchase orders, you might want to send notification to a business account manager about purchase orders from a particular client, or when the value of a purchase order is greater than a certain amount.

Guaranteed Delivery Events and Transaction EventsGuaranteed delivery events are related to transaction events (Tx Start and Tx End). Guaranteed delivery events begin when a client requests a guaranteed delivery transaction (GD Start) and when the client receives the results of the guaranteed delivery transaction (GD End). Transaction events occur when a service invoked using guaranteed delivery begins executing (Tx Start event) and when the service finishes executing (Tx End event).

The following diagram illustrates when guaranteed delivery events and transaction events occur during a guaranteed delivery transaction. In the following scenario, a local Integration Server uses guaranteed delivery to invoke a service on a remote server.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to an exception event, you can create a filter for the service field to specify the services whose exception events you want to subscribe to. That is, you can specify which services’ exception events invoke the event handler.



A Guaranteed Delivery Transaction generates Guaranteed Delivery Events and Transaction Events

For details about guaranteed delivery, see the Guaranteed Delivery Developer’s Guide.

Building Handlers for Guaranteed Delivery Start EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a GD Start event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Stage Description

1 Service A uses guaranteed delivery to invoke Service B on the remote Integration Server. When the local server requests Service B, the local server generates a GD Start event. By default, the GD Start event is logged to the txoutyyyymmdd.log file.

2 The remote Integration Server receives the request and begins executing Service B. When the remote server begins executing Service B, the remote server generates a Tx Start event. By default, the Tx Start event is logged to the txinyyyymmdd.log file.

3 The remote Integration Server finishes executing Service B and generates a Tx End event. By default, the Tx End event is logged to the txinyyyymmdd.log file.

4 The remote Integration Server sends the results of Service B to the requesting client (here, the local Integration Server).

5 The local Integration Server receives the results of Service B and generates a GD End event. By default, the GD End event is logged to the txoutyyyymmdd.log file.

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time that the event occurred, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS.

TID A String containing the transaction identification number of the service that generated the GD Start event.

webMethods Integration Server(local)

webMethods Integration Server (remote)

1 2

Service BService A

5 4 3



Building Handlers for Guaranteed Delivery End EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for an GD End event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Working with Port Status EventsA port status event occurs each time the Integration Server updates the server statistics. The port status event provides current status information about all of the configured ports on the Integration Server.

You can use port status events to invoke services that send port status data to a network monitoring system. You can also use port status events to invoke services that write port status data to a log file.

svcname A String containing the name of the service invoked using guaranteed delivery.

result A String containing the status of the guaranteed delivery transaction, such as NEW.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to a GD Start event, you can create a filter for the svcname field to specify the services in a guaranteed delivery transaction that you want to subscribe to. That is, you can specify the services that when invoked using guaranteed delivery will invoke the event handler.

Key Description


TID A String containing the transaction identification number of the service that generated the GD End event.

result A String containing the status of the guaranteed delivery transaction, such as DONE.

Note: The watt.server.stats.pollTime property determines the frequency with which the Integration Server updates server statistics. The default frequency is 60 seconds. If you change this value, you must restart the Integration Server for the change to take effect. For more information about this property, see the webMethods Integration Server Administrator’s Guide.

Key Description



Building Handlers for Port Status EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a port status event, the event handler receives an IData object that contains the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type with these parameters are provided in the pub.event folder.)

Working with Replication EventsA replication event occurs when the pub.replicator:generateReplicationEvent service executes. You might want to generate and subscribe to replication events to invoke event handlers that automate the completion of the package replication and distribution processes. For example, you could create replication event handlers that do the following:

Notify package subscribers when a package is published.

Maintain a log of replicated packages.

Maintain a log of the packages distributed or “pushed” to your subscribers.

Maintain a log of the packages your partners pulled from you.

For more information about the pub.replicator:generateReplicationEvent service, see the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Key Description

portStatusInfo A document reference list containing status information for each configured port on the Integration Server.

String Description


port A String containing the number for the port.status A String indicating the status of the port.protocol A String indicating the type of port (for example, http,

https, ftp, or e‐mail).primary A String indicating the primary port. By default, the

Integration Server designates an HTTP port at port 5555 as the primary port.

enabled A String indicating whether or not the port is enabled. The value will be one of the following:

String Description

true The port is enabled.false The port is disabled.



Building Handlers for Replication EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a replication event, the event handler receives an IData object that contains the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters are provided in the pub.event folder.)

Working with Session EventsA session event occurs when a client starts or ends a session on the Integration Server or when the Integration Server terminates an inactive session. You can subscribe to any of the following types of session events:

Session Start events occur when a developer uses Developer to open a session on the Integration Server or when an IS client opens a session on the server to execute services.

Session End events occur when a developer or IS client specifically issues a disconnect instruction to the Integration Server.

Session Expire events occur when the Integration Server terminates an inactive session.

You can subscribe to session events to invoke event handlers that maintain your own log files or to invoke event handlers that send notification about users opening sessions on the server.

Key Description


action A user‐defined String describing the action (such as create or push) for the replication event. You can use the value of the action variable to maintain separate logs for each action type.

package A String containing the name of the released or pushed package.

service A String containing the name of the flow service that invoked the pub.replicator:generateReplicationEvent service.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to a replication event, you can create a filter to specify the package that, when replicated, will invoke the event handler.



Building Handlers for Session Start EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a session start event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Building Handlers for Session End EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a session end event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time the event occurred, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS.

sessionID A String containing the identification number of the session.

userid A String containing the user ID that the IS client or developer used to log on to the Integration Server.

sessionName A String containing the name of the new session.

Tip! When you subscribe an event handler to a Session Start event, you can create a filter so that only session start events generated by a specific user or by a member of a specific group invoke the event handler.

Key Description



rpcs A String containing the number of service calls performed during the session.

age A String identifying how long the session existed (in milliseconds) before it ended.



Building Handlers for Session Expire EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a session expire event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Working with Stat Events A stat event occurs each time the Integration Server updates the statistics log (stats.log). The statistics log maintains statistical information about the consumption of system resources. The watt.server.stats.pollTime property determines the frequency with which the Integration Server updates statistics. The default frequency is 10 seconds.

You can use stat events to invoke event handlers that maintain your own log file or to invoke event handlers that send server statistics to a network monitoring system.

Building Handlers for Stat EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a stat event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description

time A String containing the date and time the event occurred, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS.


rpcs A String containing the number of service calls performed during the session.

age A String identifying how long the session existed (in milliseconds) before it expired.

Note: The Integration Server provides an agent that you can configure for use with a network monitoring system. For information about implementing this agent, see the readme file in the agentInstall.jar file located in the IntegrationServer_directory\lib directory.

Key Description

startTime A String containing the date and time that the event occurred, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS.

uptime A String identifying the length of time the server has been running, in the format yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SS.



totalMem A String identifying the total amount of used and unused storage space available (in kilobytes) to the Integration Server.

freeMem A String identifying the amount of unused storage space available (in kilobytes) to the Integration Server.

usedMem A String identifying the amount of storage used (in kilobytes) by the Integration Server.

freeMemPer A String identifying the percentage of free memory.

usedMemPer A String identifying the percentage of used memory.

svrT A String identifying the number of executing services.

svrTMax A String identifying the maximum number of services that executed concurrently during the previous poll cycle.

sysT A String identifying the number of threads in use.

sysTMax A String identifying the maximum number of threads that executed concurrently during the previous poll cycle.

conn A String identifying the number of current sessions on the Integration Server.

connMax A String identifying the maximum number of connections that ran concurrently during the previous poll cycle.

reqTotal A String identifying the total number of requests during the poll cycle.

reqAvg A String identifying the average processing duration for a service during the previous poll cycle.

newReqPM A String identifying the new requests per minute at the beginning of the poll cycle.

endReqPM A String identifying the new requests per minute at the end of the poll cycle.

errSvc A String identifying the number of services that completed with errors since the Integration Server started.

svcRate A String identifying the number of service starts and ends per second during the last poll cycle.

ssnUsed Number of licensed sessions currently active.

ssnPeak Greatest number of licensed sessions that have run concurrently on the server.

ssnMax Maximum number of sessions for which the server is licensed.

errSys A String identifying the number of errors that were not caused by services in the previous poll cycle.

Key Description



Working with Transaction EventsA transaction event occurs when an Integration Server begins and finishes executing a guaranteed delivery transaction. There are two types of transaction events:

Tx Start events occur when an Integration Server begins executing a service invoked with guaranteed delivery.

Tx End events occur when an Integration Server finishes executing a service invoked with guaranteed delivery.

Transaction events result from guaranteed delivery transactions. Each guaranteed delivery transaction generates a Tx Start event and a Tx End event. In fact, the transaction events occur between the guaranteed delivery events. A Tx Start event occurs immediately after a GD Start event and a Tx End event occurs immediately before a GD End event. For more information about how transaction events relate to guaranteed delivery events, see “Guaranteed Delivery Events and Transaction Events” on page 364.

You can subscribe to Tx Start and Tx End events to invoke event handlers that log guaranteed delivery transactions to a file or database. You might also want to use transaction events to invoke event handlers that send notification.

Building Handlers for Transaction Start EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a Tx Start event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description


TID A String containing the transaction ID for the guaranteed delivery transaction that generated the event.

result A String containing the status of the guaranteed delivery transaction, such as NEW.



Building Handlers for Transaction End EventsWhen the Event Manager invokes an event handler for a Tx End event, the event handler receives an IData object containing the following run‐time data. (A specification and an IS document type for these parameters reside in the pub.event folder.)

Key Description


TID A String containing the transaction ID of the guaranteed delivery transaction that generated the event.

result A String containing the status of the guaranteed delivery transaction, such as DONE.


15 Building Services that Retry

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Requirements for Retrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Building a Service that Throws an Exception for Retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377



OverviewWhen creating a service, you can construct and configure the service to retry automatically if a transient error occurs during service execution. A transient error is an error that arises from a temporary condition that might be resolved or restored, such as the unavailability of a resource due to network issues or failure to connect to a database. The service might execute successfully if the Integration Server waits a short interval of time and then retries the service.

To signal the Integration Server to re‐execute the service, you can build the service to throw an ISRuntimeException when a transient error occurs. Then, if a service ends because of an ISRuntimeException and you set retry properties for the service (or the trigger calling the service), Integration Server will re‐execute the service using the original service input.

This appendix provides guidance for building flow services that retry if a transient error occurs during service execution.

Requirements for RetryingIf you want a service to catch a transient error, re‐throw it as an ISRuntimeException, and then re‐execute, the following criteria must be met:

You must configure the Retry on ISRuntimeException properties for the top‐level service. For more information about configuring service retry and how the Integration Server retries services, see “Configuring Service Retry” on page 135.

If the service functions as a trigger service (the service is invoked by a trigger), you must configure the Transient error handling properties for the trigger. For more information about configuring retry for Broker/local triggers, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide. For information about configuring retry for JMS triggers, see the webMethods Integration Server JMS Client Developer’s Guide.

If the service is a flow service, the service must invoke pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry.

If the service is written in Java, the service can use com.wm.app.b2b.server.ISRuntimeException().

Adapter Services and Retry BehaviorAdapter services built on Integration Server 6.0 or later, and based on the ART framework, detect and propagate exceptions that signal a retry if a transient error is detected on their back‐end resource. At run time, adapter services detect if their back‐end server is down or the network connection is broken. The adapter service propagates an exception that is based on ISRuntimeException. This behavior allows for the automatic retry when the service is invoked by a trigger or invoked within a flow that is configured to retry when an ISRuntimeException occurs.



For more information about adapter services, see the relevant adapter guides.

Building a Service that Throws an Exception for RetryA flow service that will be retried if a transient error occurs during service execution consists of the following basic sections of logic:

A try sequence that executes the work that you want the service to perform.

A catch sequence that handles any exception that occurs during the try sequence, determines if a transient error caused the exception, and indicates whether the Integration Servers should retry the service.

An outer sequence that exits successfully if either the try sequence or catch sequence succeeds.

A throw exception for retry block that executes only if the catch block indicated that the service should be retried.

How to Build a Service that Throws an Exception for RetryThe following describes the general steps that you take to build a service that will retry if a transient error occurs during service execution.

1 Insert a SEQUENCE step. This SEQUENCE step will act as the outer sequence for the try sequence and the catch sequence.

Set this outer SEQUENCE to exit on SUCCESS. This indicates that the sequence will exit when any child step in the sequence succeeds. If the inner try sequence (the first child of this parent SEQUENCE) succeeds, then the inner catch sequence will be skipped, an ISRuntimeException will not be thrown, and the entire service will have executed successfully.

Note: If you invoke an adapter service within a flow service that uses the try‐catch structure, and the try contains an adapter service, make sure that the catch structure can interpret the adapter service exception that signals a retry. You must ensure that the error evaluating logic in the catch structure can account for the adapter service exception that signals a retry. If it does not, the Integration Server will not retry the flow service. For details about building a flow service that throws an ISRuntimeException, see “Building a Service that Throws an Exception for Retry”, below.

Note: This section describes one possible way to build a service that throws an exception for retry.



2 Insert an inner SEQUENCE step for the try sequence. This sequence will contain the logic that you want the service to perform.

Set this inner try sequence to exit on FAILURE. This indicates that the try sequence will exit when a step in the SEQUENCE fails. The Integration Server will then execute the next step in the flow service, which is the catch sequence.

Make sure that the try sequence is a child of the outer sequence that you inserted in step 1.

3 Insert the logic that you want the service to perform. These steps contain the work that you want the service to do.

Make sure to indent the steps below/under the try SEQUENCE step.

4 Insert a SEQUENCE step for the catch sequence. This sequence contains the steps needed to catch the exception, determine its cause, and then determine whether the service can be retried.

Set the catch sequence to exit when DONE. This indicates that the Integration Server executes every step in the catch sequence, even if one of the steps fails.

Make sure that the catch sequence is a child of the outer sequence that you inserted in step 1.

5 Invoke pub.flow:getLastError in the catch sequence to retrieve error information. This service retrieves information about the last exception that occurred in the flow service. In this case, the pub.flow:getLastError service retrieves information about the error that caused the try sequence to fail.

Make sure to indent the pub.flow:getLastError invoke step below the catch SEQUENCE step.

Using pub.flow:getLastError to catch the error information is optional.

6 Insert error evaluation logic. This logic should do the following:

Determine whether the last error is a transient error that can be retried.

If the service can be retried, set a flag to indicate this. For example, you might set a variable named isTransientError to “true”. A subsequent BRANCH step will use the flag to determine whether to execute the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetryService.

Keep in mind that you might need to use more than one service to handle the error, determine if it was caused by a transient error, and set the transient error flag.

Important! The pub.flow:getLastError service must be the first service invoked within the catch sequence. If it is not the first service invoked, and a preceding service in the catch sequence fails, the error thrown in the try sequence will be overwritten with the new error.

Note: If the flow service includes an adapter service, and a transient error occurs during adapter service execution, the adapter service throws an exception that extends the ISRuntimeException.



Make sure to insert the exception evaluation logic within the catch sequence, but after the pub.flow:getLastError service.

7 Insert a BRANCH step that branches on the value of the transient error flag. This BRANCH step will determine if an ISRuntimeException should be thrown. You can branch on a switch value or branch on an expression. Do one of the following:

If you are branching on a switch value, in the Switch property, specify the name of the pipeline variable whose value will act as the switch. For example, if you use the isTransientError variable as the flag to indicate that a transient error occurred, you would use isTransientError as the switch.

If you are branching on an expression, set the Evaluate labels property to True..

8 Invoke the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service. This service wraps an exception and rethrows it as an ISRuntimeException.

Assign this service a label that indicates that this step should execute when the transient error flag is true. For example, if you built the BRANCH step to use isTransientError is set to true when a transient error occurred and you want the Integration Server to retry the service, set the Label property to: true.

Make sure that this step is a child of the BRANCH step.

You can also provide the following optional parameters to the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service.

Important! You must position the BRANCH step so that it is outside of the try and catch sequences and is a sibling of the outer sequence. This is because exceptions thrown within a sequence are ignored and the BRANCH step will contain the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service.

Name Description

wrappedException An Object containing any exception that you want to include as part of this ISRuntimeException. This might be the exception that causes the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service to execute. For example, if the service attempts to connect to a database and the connection attempt fails, you might map the exception generated by the database connection failure to the wrappedException parameter.

message A string containing a message to be logged as part of this exception.

Note: If you want to insert retry logic into a service that makes database calls or involves transactions, your service needs to include logic for starting, committing, and rolling back the transaction. Specifically, the rollback call should be made in the catch sequence.



Example—Building a Service that Throws an Exception for RetryThe following flow service executes a nested service, catches any exception that occurs, determines if a transient error caused the exception, and, if necessary, throws an ISRuntimeException so that the entire service can be retried.

Trying a service, catching an error, and throwing an exception for retry

# Description

Step 1 Create outer SEQUENCE that exits on SUCCESS. This step creates a sequence that wraps the try sequence and the catch sequence. The sequence is set to exit on success so that the outer sequence will exit when a child step executes successfully. That is, setting the outer sequence to exit on success allows the outer sequence to exit without executing the catch sequence when the try sequence succeeds.

Step Description

1.1 Create try SEQUENCE that exits on FAILURE. This step creates the try sequence that contains all of the logic you want the service to execute. This step is set to exit on failure so that the Integration Server will execute the next step (the catch sequence) within the outer sequence.



Step Description

1.1.1 Insert service logic. This step represents the logic that you want the service to perform. In many services, the service logic might consist of multiple services or flow steps.

If the try sequence executes successfully, the entire outer sequence exits. The Integration Server skips the catch sequence because the outer sequence exits upon the success of any child step (in this case, the try sequence). The Integration Server then executes the next step in the flow service (the BRANCH on ‘/isTransientError’ step).

If an error occurs while executing this step, the try sequence exits (it is set to exit on FAILURE), and the Integration Server executes the catch sequence.

1.2 Create catch SEQUENCE that exits on DONE. This step creates the catch sequence that contains the logic that should be performed when an error occurs during the try sequence. This step contains logic that evaluates the error to determine whether the entire service can be retried.

The catch sequence is set to exit on DONE. This means that the Integration Server executes all the steps in the catch sequence. The Integration Server considers the catch sequence to be successful after all the child steps execute. Because the catch sequence is successful, the outer sequence exits (it is set to exit on SUCCESS), and the Integration Server executes the next step in the flow service.

To determine whether a transient error occurred, this step contains the following steps.

Step Description

1.2.1 Catch the last error. This step invokes the pub.flow:getLastError service to catch the error that caused the try sequence to fail.

1.2.2 Determine if error was a transient error. This step evaluates the contents of the lastError document returned by the pub.flow:getLastError service to determine whether the try sequence failed because of a transient error. In many services, you might use multiple services or flow steps to determine whether a transient error occurred.

# Description



1.2.3 Set flag to indicate whether service should retry. This step sets the transient error flag to indicate if a try sequence failed because of a transient error. In this case, if a transient error occurred, the transient error flag (the variable isTransientError) is set to “true”.

After this step executes, the Integration Server exits the catch sequence, exits the outer sequence, and then executes the next step in the flow service (the BRANCH on ‘/isTransientError’ step).

Step 2 Check transient error flag. This step specifies that the value of the isTransientError variable should be used to determine whether the service should throw an ISRuntimeException.

If the try sequence executed successfully, the Integration Server falls through to the end of the service because the value of the switch variable does not match any of the target steps (if the try sequence succeeded, isTransientError is null). In this case, the Integration Server considers the execution of the flow service to be successful.

Step Description

2.1 Throws ISRuntimeException. This step executes the pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service if the value of isTransientError is “true”. This service wraps the exception generated by the transient error in the try sequence and rethrows it as an ISRuntimeException. The Integration Server will retry the service.

# Description


A webMethods Flow Steps

BRANCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

INVOKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

LOOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

REPEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

SEQUENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394



BRANCHThe BRANCH step selects and executes a child step based on the value of one or more variables in the pipeline. You indicate the variables you want to branch on by specifying a switch value or by writing an expression that includes the variables.

Branching on a Switch ValueWhen you branch on a switch value, you specify the switch variable in the Switch property of the BRANCH step. In the Label property for each child step, you specify the value of the switch variable that will cause that child step to execute. At run time, the BRANCH flow step executes the child step that has the same label as the value of the Switch property.

If you want to execute a child step when the value of the Switch property is an empty string, leave the Label property of the child step blank. If you want to execute a child step when the Switch property is a null or unmatched string, set the Label of the child step to $null or $default.

BRANCH flow step using a switch

Branching on ExpressionsWhen you branch on expressions, you set the Evaluate labels property of the BRANCH step to true. In the Label property for each child step, you write an expression that includes one or more variables. At run time, the BRANCH step executes the first child step with an expression that evaluates to true.

If you want to specify a child step to execute when none of the expressions are true, set the label of the child step to $default.

if the value of choice is



Otherwise

Name of the switch field is choice

Name1

Name2

NameN

$null

no

if choice does not exist or has a value of ‘$null’

$defaul

if the value of choice is an empty string “ “



BRANCH step using expressions

The BRANCH step in the following illustration evaluates expressions to determine which child steps execute. The run‐time value of BuyerAccount, PromotionalCode, or shippingMethod determines the shipping charges added to an order.

Simple BRANCH step using expressions

PropertiesThe BRANCH step has the following properties.


Comments Optional. Specifies a descriptive comment for the step.

Scope Optional. Specifies the name of a document (IData object) in the pipeline to which you want to restrict this step. If you want this step to have access to the entire pipeline, leave this property blank.




if the expression of first child is

if the expression of nth child is

Otherwise

Evaluate labels is set to true

Child1

Child2

ChildN

$defau

if the expression of second child is true



Conditions that Will Cause a BRANCH Step to FailThe switch field is not in the pipeline and the BRANCH step does not contain a default child step or a child step to handle null values.

The matching child step fails.

The BRANCH step does not complete before the time‐out period expires.

EXITThe EXIT step exits the entire flow service or a single flow step. Specifically, it may exit from the nearest ancestor loop step, a specified ancestor step, the parent step, or the entire flow service.

The EXIT step can throw an exception if the exit is considered a failure. When an exception is thrown, user‐specified error message text is displayed by typing it directly or by assigning it to a variable in the pipeline.

Label Optional. (Required if you are using this BRANCH step as a target for another BRANCH or EXIT step.) Specifies a name for this instance of the BRANCH step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Switch Specifies the String field that the BRANCH step uses to determine which child flow step to execute. The BRANCH step executes the child flow step whose label matches the value of the field specified in the Switch property. Do not specify a value if you set the Evaluate labels property to True.

Evaluate labels

Specifies whether or not you want the server to evaluate labels of child steps as conditional expressions. When you branch on expressions, you enter expressions in the Label property for the children of the BRANCH step. At run time, the server executes the first child step whose label evaluates to True. To branch on expressions, select True. To branch on the Switch value, select False.




PropertiesThe EXIT step has the following properties.

Examples of When to UseExit an entire flow service from within a series of deeply nested steps.

Throw an exception when you exit a flow service or a flow step without having to write a Java service to call Service.throwError( ).

Exit a LOOP or REPEAT flow step without throwing an exception.



Label Optional. (Required if you are using this EXIT step as a target for a BRANCH step.) Specifies a name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Exit from Required. Specifies the flow step or service from which you want to exit.

Specify this value… To exit the…

$parent Parent flow step, regardless of the type of step.

$loop Nearest parent LOOP or REPEAT step.

$flow Entire flow.

label Nearest ancestor step that has a label that matches this value.

Note: If the label you specify does not match the label of an ancestor flow step, the flow will exit with an exception.

Signal Required. Specifies whether the exit is considered a success or a failure. A SUCCESS condition exits the flow service or step. A FAILURE condition exits the flow service or step and throws an exception. The text of the exception message is contained in the Failure message property.

Failure message

Optional. Specifies the text of the exception message that is displayed when Signal is set to FAILURE. If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols. For example, %mymessage%.



INVOKEThe INVOKE flow step invokes another service. You can use it to invoke any type of service, including another flow service.

PropertiesThe INVOKE step has the following properties.

Conditions that Will Cause an INVOKE Step to FailThe service that is invoked fails.

The specified service does not exist.

The specified service is disabled.






If you do not need to specify a time‐out period, leave Timeout blank. Label Optional. (Required if you are using this step as a target for a

BRANCH or EXIT step.) Specifies a name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Service Required. Specifies the fully qualified name of the service to invoke.

Validate input Optional. Specifies whether the server validates the input to the service against the service input signature. If you want the input to be validated, select True. If you do not want the input to be validated, select False.

Validate output Optional. Specifies whether the server validates the output of the service against the service output signature. If you want the output to be validated, select True. If you do not want the output to be validated, select False.



LOOPThe LOOP step takes as input an array variable that is in the pipeline. It loops over the members of an input array, executing its child steps each time through the loop. For example, if you have a service that takes a string as input and a string list in the pipeline, use the LOOP step to invoke the service one time for each string in the string list.

You identify a single array variable to use as input when you set the properties for the LOOP step. You can also designate a single variable for output. The LOOP step collects an output value each time it runs through the loop and creates an output array that contains the collected output values. If you want to collect more than one variable, specify a document that contains the fields you want to collect for the output variable.

The LOOP step

PropertiesThe LOOP step has the following properties.







child child child

No

Yes

input is an array

more inputarraymembers?

get next member of input array



Conditions that Will Cause a LOOP Step to FailThe pipeline does not contain the input array.

The input field is not an array field.

A child step of the LOOP step fails during any iteration of the loop.

The LOOP step does not complete before the time‐out period expires.

MAPThe MAP step adjusts the pipeline at any point in a flow. It makes pipeline modifications that are independent of an INVOKE step.

Within the MAP step, you can:

Link (copy) the value of a pipeline input field to a new or existing pipeline output field.

Drop an existing pipeline input field. (Keep in mind that once you drop a field from the pipeline, it is no longer available to subsequent services in the flow.)

Assign a value to a pipeline output field.

Perform document‐to‐document mapping in a single view by inserting transformers.

Label Optional. (Required if you are using this step as a target for a BRANCH or EXIT step.) Specifies a name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).

Input array Required. Specifies the input array over which to loop. You must specify a variable in the pipeline that is an array data type (that is, String list, String table, document list, or Object list).

Output array Optional. Specifies the name of the field in which the server places output data for an iteration of the loop. The server collects the output from the iterations into an array field with the same name. You do not need to specify this property if the loop does not produce output values.




PropertiesThe MAP step has the following properties.

Example of When to UseYou want to assign an initial set of input values in a flow service (that is, to initialize variables). You insert the MAP step at the beginning of the flow, and then use the Set Value modifier to assign values to the appropriate variables in Pipeline Out.

You want to map a document from one format to another (for example, cXML to XML). Insert transformers into the MAP step to perform the needed data transformations. For more information about transformers, see “What Are Transformers?” on page 212.

REPEATThe REPEAT step repeatedly executes its child steps up to a maximum number of times that you specify. It determines whether to re‐execute the child steps based on a Repeat on condition. You can set the repeat condition to one of the following:

Repeat if any one of the child steps fails.

Repeat if all of the elements succeed.

You can also specify a time period that you want the REPEAT flow step to wait before it re‐executes its child steps.


Comments Optional. Specifies a descriptive comment for this step.

Scope Optional. Specifies the name of a document (IData) in the pipeline to which you want to restrict this step. If you want this step to have access to the entire pipeline, leave this property blank.



If you do not need to specify a time‐out period, leave Timeout blank. Label Optional. (Required if you are using this step as a target for a BRANCH or

EXIT step.) Specifies a name for this specific step, or a null, unmatched, or empty string ($null, $default, blank).



The REPEAT step

PropertiesThe REPEAT step has the following properties.








Count Required. Specifies the maximum number of times the server re‐executes the child steps in the REPEAT step. Set Count to 0 (zero) to instruct the server that the child steps should not be re‐executed. Set Count to a value greater than zero to instruct the server to re‐execute the child steps up to a specified number of times. Set Count to -1 to instruct the server to re‐execute the child steps as long as the specified Repeat on condition is true.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols. For example, %servicecount%.

child

No

Yes reps < Count ?wait for repeat interval

reps=0

Exit

YesRepeat conditionmet?

ExitNo

child child

reps = reps + 1



When Does REPEAT Fail?The following conditions cause the REPEAT step to fail:

If the REPEAT step is a child of another step, the failure is propagated to its parent.

Examples of When to Use“Repeat on” property is set to FAILURE. Use when a service accesses a remote server and you want the service to retry if the server is busy. Make the service that accesses the remote server a child element of a REPEAT flow step, and then set the Repeat on property to FAILURE. If the service attempts to access the Web site and it fails, the REPEAT flow step attempts to retry the service again. You also set a Repeat interval that causes the REPEAT flow condition to wait a period of time before invoking the service again.

“Repeat on” property is set to SUCCESS. Use in a Web‐automation service when you want to repeat a load and query step and a “Next Page” button exists in the current document, indicating that there are additional pages to be processed. End the REPEAT flow step when the query step fails to retrieve a “Next Page” button in the current document.

Repeat interval

Optional. Specifies the number of seconds the server waits before re‐executing the child steps. Specify 0 (zero) to re‐execute the child steps without a delay.

If you want to use the value of a pipeline variable for this property, type the variable name between % symbols. For example, %waittime%.

Repeat on Required. Specifies when the server re‐executes the REPEAT child steps. Select SUCCESS to re‐execute the child steps when the all the child steps complete successfully. Select FAILURE to re‐execute the child steps when any one of the child steps fails.

If “Repeat on” is set to… The REPEAT step fails if…

SUCCESS A child within the REPEAT block fails.

FAILURE The Count limit is reached before its children execute successfully.




SEQUENCEThe SEQUENCE step forms a collection of child steps that execute sequentially. This is useful when you want to group a set of steps as a target for a BRANCH step.

You can set an exit condition that indicates whether the sequence should exit prematurely and, if so, under what condition. Specify one of the following exit conditions:

Exit the sequence when a child step fails. Use this condition when you want to ensure that all child steps are completed successfully. If any child step fails, the sequence ends prematurely and the sequence fails.

Exit the sequence when a child step succeeds. Use this condition when you want to define a set of alternative services, so that if one fails, another is attempted. If a child step succeeds, the sequence ends prematurely and the sequence succeeds.

Exit the sequence after executing all child steps. Use this condition when you want to execute all of the child steps regardless of their outcome. The sequence does not end prematurely.

The SEQUENCE step

PropertiesThe SEQUENCE step has the following properties.








child child child

First...If exit condition is

If exit condition is



Conditions that Will Cause the SEQUENCE Step to FailThis section describes the conditions that cause failure based on the exit condition for the sequence.

If Exit on is set to FAILURE, conditions that will cause a failure include:

One of the child steps fails.

The SEQUENCE step does not complete before the time‐out period expires.

If Exit on is set to SUCCESS, conditions that will cause a failure include:

All the child steps fail.


If Exit on is set to DONE, conditions that will cause a failure include:


Exit on Required. Specifies when to exit the SEQUENCE step.

Specify this value... To...

FAILURE Exit the sequence when a child step fails. (Execution continues with the next flow step in the flow service.)

The SEQUENCE step executes its child steps until either one fails or until it executes all its child steps. This is the default.

Note: When a SEQUENCE step exits on failure, the Integration Server rolls back the pipeline contents. That is, the Integration Server returns the pipeline to the state it was in before the SEQUENCE step executed.

SUCCESS Exit the sequence when a child step executes successfully or after all child steps fail. (Execution continues with the next flow step in the flow service.)

DONE Exit the sequence after all child steps execute.

The SEQUENCE step executes all of its child steps regardless of whether they succeed or fail.



B Regular Expressions

What Is a Regular Expression? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Using a Regular Expression in a Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Regular Expression Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398



What Is a Regular Expression?A regular expression is a pattern‐matching technique used extensively in UNIX environments. webMethods Developer lets you use regular expressions to specify pattern‐matching strings for some of its functions. For example, you can use a regular expression to specify an index, a property, or a mask in a webMethods Query Language (WQL) statement. You can also use a regular expression to specify the switch value for a BRANCH step.

To specify a regular expression, you must enclose the expression between / symbols. When the server encounters this symbol, it knows to interpret the characters between these symbols as a pattern‐matching string (that is, a regular expression).

A simple pattern‐matching string such as /string/ matches any element that contains string. So, for example, the regular expression /webMethods/ would match all of the following strings:“webMethods”“You use webMethods Integration Server to execute services”“Exchanging data with XML is easy using webMethods”“webMethods Integration Server”

Using a Regular Expression in a MaskWhen you use a regular expression as a mask, you use parenthesis to specify which characters you want to collect. For example, the object reference:

doc.p[].text[/(.{30}).*/]

retains the first 30 characters in each matching element and discards the rest.

Regular Expression OperatorsFollowing are the operators supported in the webMethods implementation of regular expressions.

Important! Characters in regular expressions are case sensitive.

Use this symbol… To…

. Match any single character except a new line.

Example doc.p[/web.ethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘web’ followed by any single character and the string ‘ethods’. It would match both ‘webMethods’ and ‘webmethods’.



^ Match the beginning of the string or line.

Example doc.p[/^webMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ at the beginning of the element or at the beginning of any line within that element.

$ Match the end of the string or line.

Example doc.p[/webMethods$/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ at the end of the paragraph element or at the end of any line within that element.

* Match the preceding item zero or more times.

Example doc.p[/part *555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘part’ followed by zero or more spaces and then the characters ‘555‐A’.

+ Match the preceding item 1 or more times.

Example doc.p[/part +555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘part’ followed by one or more spaces and then the characters ‘555‐A’.

? Match the preceding item 0 or 1 times.

Example doc.p[/part ?555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘part’ followed by zero or one space and then the characters ‘555‐A’.

( ) When used in an index, these characters group an item within the regular expression.

Example doc.p[/part(,0)+May/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘part’ followed by one or more occurrences of the characters ‘,0’ and then the characters ‘May”.

When used in a mask, they specify characters that you want to retain.

Example doc.p[].text[(^.{25}).*]

This example would keep the first 25 characters within each paragraph and discard the rest.




{n } Match the preceding item exactly n times.

Example doc.p[/^.{24}webmethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph in which the word ‘webmethods’ started in the 25th character position of the paragraph.

{n ,} Match the preceding item n or more times.

Example doc.p[/^.{10,}webmethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph in which the word ‘webmethods’ appeared anywhere after the 10th character position of the paragraph. That is, this example would return a paragraph in which the word ‘webmethods’ started in the 11th or later character position of the paragraph.

{0,m } Match the preceding item none or at most m times.

Example doc.p[/^.{0,4}webmethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph in which the word ‘webmethods’ started in any of the first 5 character positions of the paragraph.

{n ,m } Match the preceding item at least n times, but not more than m times.

Example doc.p[/^.{1,4}webmethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph in which the word ‘webmethods’ started in character position 2 through 5 of the paragraph.

| Match the expression that precedes or follows this character.

Example doc.p[/webmethods|webMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph that contained either ‘webmethods’ or ‘webMethods’.

\b Match a word boundary.

Example doc.p[/\bport\b/].text

This example would return any paragraph that contained the word ‘port’, but not paragraphs that contained these characters as part of a larger word, such as ‘import’, ‘support’, ‘ports’ or ‘ported’.

\B Match a boundary that is not a word boundary.

Example doc.p[/\B555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph that contained the characters ‘555‐A’ as part of a larger word such as AZ555‐A, or Dept555‐A, but not ‘555‐A’ alone.




\A Match only at the beginning of a string (equivalent to ^).

Example doc.p[/\AwebMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ at the beginning of the element or at the beginning of any line within that element.

\Z Match only at the end of a string (or before a new line at the end).

Example doc.p[/webMethods\Z/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ at the end of the paragraph element or at the end of any line within that element.

\n Match a new line.

Example doc.p[/webMethods\n/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ followed by the new line character.

\r Match a carriage return.

Example doc.p[/webMethods\r/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ followed by a carriage return.

\t Match a tab character.

Example doc.p[/\twebMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ preceded by a tab character.

\f Match a form feed character.

Example doc.p[/webMethods\f/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ followed by a form feed character.

\d Match any digit. Same as [0‐9].

Example doc.p[/part \d555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with any digit 0 through 9, and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part 1555‐A’ but not ‘part A555‐A’ or ‘part #555‐A’.




\D Match any non‐digit. Same as [^0‐9].

Example doc.p[/part \D555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with any character other than 0 through 9, and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part A555‐A’ and ‘part #555‐A’, but not ‘part 1555‐A’.

\w Match any word character. Same as [0‐9a‐z_A‐Z].

Example doc.p[/part \w4555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with a letter or digit and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part A555‐A’ and ‘part 1555‐A’, but not ‘part #555‐A’.

\W Match any nonword character. Same as [^0‐9a‐z_A‐Z].

Example doc.p[/part \W4555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with a character other than a letter or digit, and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part #555‐A’ and ‘part ‐555‐A’, but not ‘part 1555‐A’ or ‘part A555‐A’.

\s Match any white‐space character. Same as [\t\n\r\f].

Example doc.p[/\swebMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’ if it is preceded by a tab character, a new line character, a carriage return, or a form‐feed character.

\S Match any nonwhite‐space character. Same as [^\t\n\r\f].

Example doc.p[/\SwebMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the string ‘webMethods’, if that string is not preceded by a tab character, a new line character, a carriage return, or a form‐feed character.

\0 Match a null string.

Example doc.p[/[^\0]/].text

This example would return any paragraph that is not empty (null).

\xnn Match any character with the hexadecimal value nn.

Example doc.p[/\x1FwebMethods/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing the ASCII unit‐separator character (1F) followed by the characters ‘webMethods’.




[ ] Match any character within the brackets.

Example doc.p[/part [023]555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with the numbers 0, 2, or 3 and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part 0555‐A’ and ‘part 2555‐A’, but not ‘part 4555‐A’.

The following characters have special meaning when used within brackets:

Use this char… To…

^ Exclude characters from the pattern.

Example doc.p[/part [^023]555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that does not start with the numbers 0, 2, or 3, but is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part 4555‐A’ and ‘part A555‐A’, but not ‘part 0555‐A’.

- Specify a range of allowed characters.

Example doc.p[/part [A-M]555-A/].text

This example would return any paragraph containing a part number that starts with any letter A through M and is followed by the characters 555‐A. Therefore, it would match ‘part A555‐A’ and ‘part J555‐A’, but not ‘part N555‐A’.



C Supported Data Types

Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Default Pipeline Rules for Linking to and from Array Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409



Data TypesData is passed in and out of a service through an IData object. An IData object is the collection of name/value pairs on which a service operates. An IData object can contain any number of elements of any valid Java objects, including additional IData objects and IDataCodable objects.

Each element stored in an IData object corresponds to a data type. The following table identifies the data types supported by Developer.

Data Type Icon Description Java Type

String String of characters. java.lang.String

String list A one‐dimensional String array.

java.lang.String[ ]

String table A two‐dimensional String array.

java.lang.String[ ][ ]

Document A data structure that is a container for other variables. Documents can contain variables of any other data type. The contents of a document (IData object) are stored as key/value pairs where the variable name is the key.

com.wm.data.IData

com.wm.util.Values

For more information, see the webMethods Integration Server Java API Reference.

Document list A one‐dimensional array of IS document types (IData [ ]or Values [ ]).

com.wm.data.IData [ ]

com.wm.util.Values [ ]

com.wm.util.Table

Document reference

A document whose structure is defined by an IS document type.

Reference to an existing object which implements the com.wm.data.IData interface or a reference to an existing com.wm.util.Values object.

Document reference list

A document list whose structure is defined by an IS document type.

Reference to an existing object which implements the com.wm.data.IData interface or a reference to an existing com.wm.util.Values object.



Java Classes for ObjectsYou can further describe the contents of an Object or Object list variable by applying a Java class to the variable. When you apply a supported Java class to an Object or Object list variable, Developer changes the icon for the variable. Applying Java classes to Objects and Object lists can provide the following benefits:

Other developers can easily see the types your service expects as inputs and produces as output.

Other developers can easily see the types contained in an IS document type.

You can input values for the variable when testing and debugging.

You can assign values to variables in the pipeline using the Set Value modifier.

Object A data type that does not fall into any of the data types described in the above rows, and is not declared to be one of the basic Java classes supported natively by Integration Server. This icon is used for Objects of unknown type.

Any subclass of java.lang.Object.

Example java.util.InputStream

Object list An array of Objects of unknown type.

An array of any subclass of java.lang.Object.

Example java.util.InputStream[ ]

Note: You can view the actual data types represented by Object or Object list icons in built‐in services by looking up the service in the webMethods Integration Server Built‐In Services Reference.

Note: Developer displays small symbols next to a variable icon to indicate validation constraints. Developer uses to indicate an optional variable. Developer uses the ‡ symbol to denote a variable with a content constraint. For information about applying constraints to variables, see “Applying Constraints to Variables” on page 255.

Note: When you input values for a constrained Object during testing or when assigning a value in the pipeline, Developer validates the data to make sure it is of the correct type.

Data Type Icon Description Java Type



The following table identifies the Java classes you can apply to Objects and Object list variables in Developer.

Data Type Icon Description Java Class

boolean True or false. java.lang.Boolean

boolean list A one‐dimensional boolean array. java.lang.Boolean[ ]

byte Signed integer. The value must be greater than or equal to –128 but less than or equal to 127.

java.lang.Byte

byte [ ] A one‐dimensional byte array. primitive type

byte list A one‐dimensional byte array. java.lang.Byte[ ]

character A single unicode character. java.lang.Character

character list A one‐dimensional character array.

java.lang.Character[ ]

date Date and time. java.util.Date

date list A one‐dimensional date array. java.util.Date[ ]

double Double‐precision floating point number.

java.lang.Double

double list A one‐dimensional double array. java.lang.Double[ ]

float Standard‐precision floating point number.

java.lang.Float

float list A one‐dimensional float array. java.lang.Float[ ]

integer Signed integer. The value must be greater than or equal to ‐2147483647 but less than or equal to 2147483647.

java.lang.Integer

integer list A one‐dimensional integer array. java.lang.Integer[ ]

long Signed integer. The value must be greater than or equal to –9223372036854775808 but less than or equal to 9223372036854775807.

java.lang.Long

long list A one‐dimensional long array. java.lang.Long[ ]



How webMethods Developer Supports Tables With the exception of String table, Developer does not provide a separate data type for tables. However, tables can appear as document lists or Objects. Tables that are instances of com.wm.util.Table appear as document lists in webMethods Developer. These tables can be used as document lists in flow services. Services in the WmDB package use tables that are instances of wm.com.util.Table.

Tables can also be declared as Objects. Objects or user‐defined table‐like objects that do not implement the com.wm.util.pluggable.WMIDataList interface appear as Objects of unknown type in webMethods Developer.

Default Pipeline Rules for Linking to and from Array VariablesWhen you create links between scalar and array variables, you can specify which element of the array variable you want to link to or from. Scalar variables are those that hold a single value, such as String, IS document type, and Object. Array variables are those that hold multiple values, such as String list, String table, document list, and Object list. For example, you can link a String to the second element of a String list.

If you do not specify which element in the array variable that you want to link to or from, Developer uses the default rules on the Pipeline tab to determine the value of the target variable. The following table identifies the default pipeline rules for linking to and from array variables.

short Signed integer. The value must be greater than or equal to ‐32768 but less than or equal to 32767.

java.lang.Short

short list A one‐dimensional short array. java.lang.Short[ ]

Note: Object and Object list variables constrained with a Java classes should be linked only to other Object and Object list variables of the same Java class or of unknown type. Although Developer permits a link between constrained Objects of different Java classes, the run‐time behavior is undefined. For more information about specifying Java classes for Objects, see “Considerations for Object Constraints” on page 257.

Data Type Icon Description Java Class



If you link… To… Then…

A scalar variable

An array variable that is empty (the variable does not have a defined length)

The link defines the length of the array variable; that is, it contains one element and has length of one. The first (and only) element in the array is assigned the value of the scalar variable.


A scalar variable

An array variable with a defined length

The length of the array is preserved and each element of the array is assigned the value of the scalar variable.


An array variable

A scalar variable The scalar variable is assigned the first element in the array.

value [empty] value

value XYZ

valuevaluevalue

XYZ

[empty] X




An array variable

An array variable that does not have a defined length

The link defines the length of the target array variable; that is, it will be the same length as the source array variable. The elements in the target array variable are assigned the values of the corresponding elements in the source array variable.


An array variable

An array variable that has a defined length

The length of the source array variable must equal the length of the target array variable. If the lengths do not match, the link will not occur. If the lengths are equal, the elements in the target array variable are assigned the values of the corresponding elements in the source array variable.

No link occurs.

Note: A source variable that is the child of a document list is treated like an array because there is one value of the source variable for each document in the document list. For example:

XYZ

[empty] XYZ

XYZ

ABC

XYZ

WX

ABC

V

YZ



If you link... To...

Where the value of DocumentList1 is... Then the value of StringList1 is…

DocumentLis

String

StringList

DocumentLis

String

StringList

aDocumentList1

DocumentList1 String b

DocumentList1 String c

abc


D Conditional Expressions

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Addressing Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Rules for Use of Expression Syntax with the Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428



OverviewwebMethods Integration Server provides syntax and operators that you can use to create expressions for use with the BRANCH step, pipeline mapping, and triggers.

In a BRANCH step, you can use an expression to determine the child step that webMethods Integration Server executes. At run time, the Integration Server executes the first child step whose conditional expression evaluates to “true”. For more information about the BRANCH step, see “The BRANCH Step” on page 160

In pipeline mapping, you can place a condition on the link between variables. At run time, webMethods Integration Server only executes the link if the assigned condition evaluates to “true.” For more information about applying conditions to links between variables, see “Applying Conditions to Links Between Variables” on page 204.

For Broker/local triggers, you can further refine a subscription by creating filters for the publishable document types. A filter specifies criteria for the contents of a document. At run time, the Broker or Integration Server applies the filter to the document. The Broker or Integration Server will route or process the document only if the document meets the filter criteria. For more information, see the Publish‐Subscribe Developer’s Guide.

For JMS triggers, you can create local filters to further limit the messages a JMS trigger processes. A filter specifies criteria for the contents of the message body. Integration Server applies a local filter to the message after the JMS trigger receives the message from the JMS provider. If the message meets the filter criteria, Integration Server executes the trigger service specified in the routing rule.

When you write expressions and filters, keep the following points in mind:

Operators, variable names, and strings are case sensitive.

White space between the tokens of an expression is ignored.

Some syntax that is valid on the Integration Server is not valid on the Broker. If the syntax is valid for a Broker, the Integration Server saves the filter with the subscription on the Broker. If the syntax is not valid, the Integration Server saves the subscription without the filter on the Broker. Subscriptions and filters are always saved on the Integration Server.

For a list and an example of syntax that prevents a filter from being saved on the Broker, see “Rules for Use of Expression Syntax with the Broker” on page 428.

Important! If multiple conditions in the trigger specify the same publishable document type, the filter applied to the publishable document type must be the same in each condition.



SyntaxWhen you create an expression, you need to determine which values to include in the expression. Values can be represented as variable names, regular expressions, numbers, and strings. The following table identifies the types of values you can use in an expression and the syntax for each value type.

Value Type Syntax Description

Regular Expression

/regularExpression/ Pattern‐matching string. Use the following syntax for pattern matching of variable values:

variableName = /regularExpression/

For more information about regular expressions, see Appendix B, “Regular Expressions”.

Example Explanation

sku = /^WM[0-9]+/ Evaluates to true if the sku variable has a value that starts with “WM” and is followed by one or more digits (WM001, WM95157)

Variable variableName

–OR–

%variableName%

Variable name. For information about how to use this syntax to address children of other variables or elements of array variables, see “Addressing Variables” on page 425.

Example Explanation

price Value of the price variable

%address/postalCode% Value of the postalCode variable in the address document

%poItems[0]% Value of the first element in the poItems array



String ʺstringʺ

–OR–

ʹstringʹ

Literal string. Use this value type to compare the value of a variable to a string.

Example Explanation

“Favorite Customer” Value is the literal string “Favorite Customer”

‘Favorite Customer’ Value is the literal string “Favorite Customer”

Note: Strings not enclosed in quotes (ʹ or ʺ) are interpreted as variable names.

Number number Number. The following examples indicate the accepted number formats:

Examples Explanation

-10, 5, 100 Integers5.0, 6.02 Floating point number

(java.lang.Double)6.345e+4 Scientific notation

Null $null Variable is null or missing. Typically compared with a variable name to determine if the variable is null or missing from the input data.

Example Explanation

%quantity% = $null Evaluates to true if the quantity variable is missing from the input data or is null

Value Type Syntax Description



Comparing Java Objects to ConstantsIf you want to create a conditional expression that compares a constrained Java Object to a constant value, you must use the following syntax to represent the constant value:

If the object is constrained as type... Use this syntax...

Boolean ʺtrueʺ or ʺfalseʺ

Example: %myBoolean%=="true"

The string constant in the expression is case insensitive. For example, the expressions %myBoolean%=="true" and %myBoolean%=="tRUe" are equivalent.

Byte ʺxxʺ

Example: ʺ10ʺ (for 0X0A)Character ʺaʺ

Example: ʺCʺ Double xxxxxx.x or xxxxxx or ‐xxxxxx

Example: 123456.0, 123456, ‐123456Float xxxx.x or ‐xxxx.x

Example: 1234.1, ‐1234.1Integer xxxxx or ‐xxxxx

Example: 12345, ‐12345Long xxxxxx or ‐xxxxxx

Example: 123456 or ‐123456Short xxx or ‐xxx

Example: 123 or ‐123Date ʺyyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss timezoneʺ

Example: ʺ2002‐06‐25 00:00:00 EDTʺ



Checking for Variable ExistenceSometimes you might want to create an expression that checks only for the existence of a variable or checks to see whether a variable is null. The following table describes the syntax used to check for variable existence.

OperatorsExpressions can include relational and logical operators. Relational operators are used to compare values to each other. Logical operators are used to combine multiple expressions into a single condition.

Relational OperatorsYou can use relational operators to compare the value of two fields or you can compare the value of a field with a constant. The Integration Server provides two types of relational operators: standard and lexical.

Standard relational operators can be used in expressions and filters to compare the contents of fields (variables) with other variables or constants.

Lexical relational operators can be used to compare the contents of fields (variables) with string values in Broker/local trigger filters.

Relational operators are sometimes called comparison operators.

To see if… Use this syntax… Description

Variable exists

variableName Evaluates to true if the specified variable exists and has a non‐null value.

This example... Evaluates to true if...

customerID The customerID variable exists and is not null.

Variable does not exist

!variableName Evaluates to true if the specified variable does not exist or is null.


!quantity The quantity variable does not exist or is null.

!color & !size The color variable does not exist or is null and the size variable does not exist or is null.



Standard Relational OperatorsYou can use the standard relational operators to compare the contents of a variable with any type of value (numerical, string, Boolean, dates, etc.) or another variable.

When comparing strings using the standard operators, the Integration Server uses a binary code point comparison algorithm. In this algorithm, the Integration Server compares each byte in the first string with each byte in the second string to determine which string is numerically greater. For example, “A” has a value of 65 and “a” has a value of 97, so “a” is greater than “A”.

Keep the following points in mind when using standard relational operators to compare strings:

The Integration Server considers A to be the lowest letter and Z to be the highest (for example, A < B, A < Z, B > A, Z > A).

The Integration Server considers lowercase letters to be greater than the matching uppercase letter (for example, a > A, A < a, a < B, c > A).

The following table identifies the standard relational operators you can use in expressions and filters.

Note: You can also use standard relational operators to compare string values. However, filters that use standard relational operators to compare string values will not be saved with the trigger subscription on the Broker. If the subscription filter resides only on the Integration Server, the Broker automatically places the document in the subscriber’s queue. The Broker does not evaluate the filter for the document. The Broker routes all of documents to the subscriber, creating greater network traffic between the Broker and the Integration Server and requiring more processing by the Integration Server.

Operator Syntax Description

= a = b Equal to.


customerID = "webMethods" The value of the customerId variable is “webMethods.”

== a == b Equal to.

This example... Evaluates to true if..

sku == "WM001" The value of the sku variable is “WM001.”



!= a != b Not equal to.


quantity != 0 The value of the quantity variable does not equal 0 (zero).

<> a <> b Not equal to.


state <> 'ME' The value of the state variable does not equal ME (Maine).

> a > b Greater than.


price > 100 The value of the price variable is greater than 100.

%companyID% > "Acme" The value of the companyID variable is greater than Acme.

>= a >= b Greater than or equal to.


%totalPrice% >= 100 The value of the totalPrice variable is greater than or equal to 100.

companyID >= "Acme" The value of the companyID variable is greater than or equal to Acme.

< a < b Less than.


quantity < 5 The value of the quantity variable is less than 5.

companyID < "Acme" The value of the companyID variable is less than Acme.




Lexical Relational OperatorsYou can use the lexical relational operators to create filters that compare string values. Keep the following points in mind when using the lexical operators:

When evaluating filters that contain lexical operators, the Integration Server uses the locale collating sequence specified on the Broker to compare the values of the strings. The behavior of lexical operators depends on whether a locale is set for the Broker. If no locale is specified, the lexical relational operators behave like the standard relational operators.

If you use a lexical operator to compare strings in an expression (such as in a BRANCH step or in a pipeline link), the Integration Server treats the lexical operators as if they were standard relational operators.

If you use a lexical operator to compare a value that is not a string with another string value, the Integration Server treats the non‐string value as an empty string (that is, ʺʺ). For example, in the expression (%myInt% L_EQUALS ""), the %myInt% variable is declared to be of type integer. This expression always evaluates to true because %myInt% contains an integer value that the Integration Server treats as an empty string (ʺʺ) when it evaluates the expression.

Filters that use lexical relational operators to compare string values will be saved with the trigger subscription on the Broker. Filters that use standard relational operators to compare string values will not be saved on the Broker.

When you view filters on the Broker user interface, a lexical operator appears as its equivalent standard operator. For example, the expression %myString% L_EQUALS "abc" appears as myString=="abc".

The following table describes the lexical operators that you can use in filters.

<= a <= b Less than or equal to.


unitPrice <= 100 The value of the unitPrice variable is less than or equal to 100.

companyID <= "Acme" The value of the companyID variable is less than or equal to Acme.

Note: To set the filter collation locale, use the Broker user interface to select the Broker Server for which you want to change the locale. On the Broker Server Information screen, select Change Broker Server Filter Collation Locale. Then, on the Change Filter Collation Locale screen, in the New Locale list, select the locale you want to use. Restart the Broker Server for the change to take effect.




Operator Description

L_EQUALS Lexical equal to.


%myString% L_EQUALS "abc" The value of the myString variable is abc.

L_NOT_EQUALS Lexical not equal to.


%myString% L_NOT_EQUALS "abc" The value of the myString variable is not abc.

L_LESS_THAN Lexical less than.


%myString% L_LESS_THAN "abc" The value of the myString variable is less than abc.

L_LESS_OR_EQUAL Lexical less than or equal to.


%myString% L_LESS_OR_EQUAL "abc" The value of the myString variable is less than or equal to abc.

L_GREATER_THAN Lexical greater than.


%myString% L_GREATER_THAN "abc" The value of the myString variable is greater than abc.

L_GREATER_OR_EQUAL Lexical greater than or equal to.


%myString% L_GREATER_OR_EQUAL "abc" The value of the myString variable is greater than or equal to abc.



Logical OperatorsYou can use the following logical operators in expressions to create conditions consisting of more than one expression:


! ! expr Negates the next expression.


! (%sku% = "WM001") The value of the sku variable is not equal to WM001.

not not expr Negates the next expression.


not (color = "blue") The color variable is not equal to blue.

| expr | expr Logical *OR. True if either of the expressions is true.


%color% = "blue" | %color% = "red"

The value of the color variable is blue or red.

|| expr || expr Logical OR. True if either of the expressions is true.


totalPrice > 1000 || customerID = 'Favorite Customer'

The value of the totalPrice variable is greater than 1000 or the value of the customerID variable equals Favorite Customer.

or expr or expr Logical OR. True if either of the expressions is true.


creditCardNum = $null or cardExpireDate = $null or cardExpireDate <= orderDate

The value of the creditCardNum variable is null or missing or if the value of the cardExpireDate variable is null or missing or if the value of the cardExpireDate variable is less than or equal to the value of the orderDate variable.



PrecedencewebMethods Integration Server evaluates expressions in a condition according to the precedence level of the operators in the expressions.

The following table identifies the precedence level of each operator you can use in an expression.

& expr & expr Logical AND. Both expressions must evaluate to true for the entire condition to be true.


%customerID% = 'Favorite Customer' & %sku% = 'WM001'

The value of the customerID variable is Favorite Customer and the value of the sku variable is WM001.

&& expr && expr

Logical AND. Both expressions must evaluate to true for the entire condition to be true.


quantity >= 20 && totalPrice >= 100

The value of the quantity variable is greater than or equal to 20 and the value of the totalPrice variable is greater than or equal to 100.

and expr and expr

Logical AND. Both expressions must evaluate to true for the entire condition to be true.


!color and !size The color variable does not exist in the input or is null and the size variable does not exist in the input or is null.

Precedence Level Operators

1 ( )

2 not, !

3 =, ==, !=, <>, >, >=, <, <=

4 and, &, &&

5 or, |, ||




Addressing VariablesIn an expression, you can refer to the values of variables that are children of other variables and refer to the values of elements in an array variable. To address children of variables or an element in an array, you need to use a directory‐like notation to describe the position of the value.

Note: To override the order in which expressions in a condition are evaluated, enclose the operations you want evaluated first in parentheses. webMethods Integration Server evaluates expressions contained in parentheses first.

Use this notation… To…

variableName Address a variable.

Example: state

Variable state.

variableName/childVariableName Address the child variable of a variable (such as a field in a document).

Example: %buyerInfo/state%

Variable state within IS document type buyerInfo.

arrayVariableName[index] Address an element in an array.

Example: orderItems[0]

Value of the first element in the orderItems array.

arrayVariableName[rowIndex][columnIndex] Address an element in a two‐dimensional array (String table).

Example: dictionary[1][2]

Value of the element located in the third column of the second row in the dictionary array.



Notes:

To view the path to a variable in the pipeline, rest the mouse pointer over the variable name. Developer displays the variable path in a tool tip.

To copy the path to a variable in a pipeline, select the variable, right‐click, and select Copy.

You can enclose variable names in %, for example %buyerInfo/state%. If the variable name includes special characters, you must enclose the path to the variable in % (percent) symbols and enclose the variable name in ʺ ʺ (quotation marks). For more information about using variables as values in expressions, see “Syntax” on page 415.

Addressing Variables that Contain Special CharactersIf a variable name contains any of the special characters listed in below, you need to use the following notation to address the variable:

Enclose the path to the variable and the variable name in % (percent symbols).

Enclose the variable name that contains special characters in ʺ (quotation marks).

duplicateVariableName(index) Address an occurrence of a variable where there are multiple variables with the same name in the document or pipeline. The index is zero‐based.

Example: address(1)

Value of the second variable named address.

%ʺvariableWithSpecialCharactersʺ% Address a variable whose name contains special characters. Variables that contain special characters must be enclosed in quotation marks.

Example: %ʺaddress(work)ʺ%

Value of the variable named address(work).

For more information, see “Addressing Variables that Contain Special Characters” below.

Use this notation… To…



Following are some examples of how to address variables that contain special characters.

Typing Special Characters in ExpressionsYou enter most of the special characters in an expression just as you would enter them when creating the variable name. However, for three of the special characters (the backslash, percent symbol, and quotation marks), you need to use a combination of keys. The following table identifies the special characters for variable names and any key sequences that you need to use to enter a variable name with that character in an expression.

Type... To...

%ʺDate/Timeʺ% Address a variable named Date/Time.%purchaseOrder/"Date/Timeʺ% Address a variable named Date/Time in the

document variable purchaseOrder.

Note: If you did not enclose Date/Time in quotation marks, and instead had %purchaseOrder/Date/Time% or %ʺpurchaseOrder/Date/Timeʺ%, the expression would address a variable named Time in a document named Date that was contained in a document named purchaseOrder.

%ʺaddress(work)ʺ/ʺphone(cell)ʺ% Address a variable named phone(cell) in the document variable address(work).

%ʺDate\\Timeʺ% Address a variable named Date\Time.

Character Character Name Special sequence

\ backslash \\

[ opening bracket

] closing bracket

( opening parenthesis

) closing parenthesis

% percent \%

" quotation marks \ʺ

/ slash mark (forward)

Important! When you use variable names with special characters in expressions or filters, you must enclose the variable name in ʺ ʺ (quotation marks).



Rules for Use of Expression Syntax with the BrokerWhen you create filters for documents in Broker/local trigger conditions, keep in mind that some syntax that is valid on Integration Server is not valid on Broker. When you save a Broker/local trigger, Integration Server and Broker evaluate the filter to make sure that it uses proper syntax. If the syntax is valid on Broker, Broker saves the subscription and the filter. If the syntax is invalid on Broker, Integration Server automatically removes the filter before the Broker saves the subscription. The filter will only be saved on Integration Server.

Keep the following points in mind when writing filters for Broker/local triggers:

Expressions that specify field names that contain syntax, characters, symbols, or words the Broker considers restricted or reserved will not be saved on the Broker.

All expressions must contain a relational (comparison) operator.

Use lexical relational operators (such as L_EQUALS, L_LESS_THAN) to compare fields of type String.

Use standard relational operators (such as =, ==, !=, <, >, <= and >=) to compare fields that are not of type String.

Use the =, ==, <>, or != operators to compare a value with an Object constrained as a Boolean.

The following table identifies syntax that the Broker considers invalid. Expressions with this syntax will be saved on the Integration Server but not on the Broker.

Note: Broker saves as much of a filter as possible with the subscription. For example, suppose that a filter consists of more than one expression, and only one of the expressions contains syntax Broker considers invalid. Broker saves the expressions it considers valid but does not save the expression containing invalid syntax. (Integration Server saves all the expressions.)

Tip! You can use the Broker user interface to view the filters (expressions) saved with a subscription. If the expression does not appear with the subscription on the Broker, then the expression contains invalid syntax.



The Broker considers expressions invalid when they contain.... Examples

Field names with syntax, characters, symbols, or words the Broker considers restricted or reserved

eventtype L_EQUALS “addEmployee”tax% < 5

Note: Although the Broker considers a field name that contains the % symbol to be invalid, you can use the % symbol to enclose field names in the expression.

No comparison operators "fieldName" "!fieldName"

A standard relational operator to compare fields of type String

%myString% < "yourString"

A lexical relational operator to compare fields that are not of type String

%price% L_LESS_THAN 50

A field of type String compared with a numeric value

"stringName" > 12

Operators other than =, ==, !=, or <> to compare an Object constrained as a Boolean with a value

myBoolean <= "true"

An Object constrained as a Boolean compared with a field of type String

myBoolean = "stringFieldName"

Note: Expressions that check an Object constrained as a Boolean for a true or false value should include “true” or”false” as part of the filter. The string constant in the expression (“true” or “false”) is case insensitive.

A $null token %fieldName% = $null

A reference to an array field stringList[1] L_EQUALS "a"

Regular expressions that contain back references

fieldName = /^(a|b)\1$/

Regular expressions that use quantifiers other than +, ?, and *

/a{1}/

/a{1,5}/

Regular expressions that use extended metacharacters

fieldName = /\w/


E jcode tags

jcode Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

jcode Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432


E jcode tags

jcode TemplateThe following code provides a template describing the tags (highlighted) that the jcode utility uses to identify code segments in a Java source file.

jcode ExampleThe following is a complete example of properly commented Java source code.

Sample Code—IDataThe following is an example of a class whose services (methods) take IData objects as input.package recording;/** * This is an example of Java source code properly annotated * for use with the IS jcode utility. Note that, unless * noted otherwise, all comments will be stripped out of this * file during the process of fragmenting the code. */

package Interface1;/** * This is an example of an empty Java source code file, * properly annotated for use with the jcode utility. */import com.wm.app.b2b.server.Service;import com.wm.app.b2b.server.ServiceException;import com.wm.data.IData;import com.wm.data.IDataCursor;// --- <<IS-START-IMPORTS>> ---

// --- <<IS-END-IMPORTS>> ---public class Interface0{

public static void Service1 (IData pipeline) throws ServiceException{

// --- <<IS-START(Service1)>> ---// --- <<IS-END>> ---return;

}public static void Service2 (IData pipeline)throws ServiceException{

// --- <<IS-START(Service2)>> ---// --- <<IS-END>> ---return;

}// --- <<IS-START-SHARED>> ---// --- <<IS-END-SHARED>> ---

}


E jcode tags

/** * == IMPORTS == * All your imports should be wrapped with the START-IMPORTS * and END-IMPORTS tags. */// --- <<IS-START-IMPORTS>> ---import com.wm.app.b2b.server.Service;import com.wm.app.b2b.server.ServiceException;import com.wm.data.IData;import com.wm.data.IDataCursor;import com.wm.data.IDataUtil;import java.util.*;// --- <<IS-END-IMPORTS>> ---/** * == CLASS NAMING == * This class contains the definition of all the Java services * within the recording.accounts interface (note the recording * package declaration up top). Note that each service is * defined by a method with the same name. */public class accounts{

/** * == INDIVIDUAL SERVICES == * The createAccount service. This service expects three * parameters -- a string ("name"), a string array ("references"), * and a document type. It returns two strings ("message" and "id").

* * Note the special tags delimiting the start and end of the * service. The two lines immediately before start tag and after * the end tags are mandatory. * * Also note the use of comments to establish a signature for the * service. Each signature line has the following format: * * [direction] type:dimension:option name * * direction: "i" (input) or "o" (output) * type: * field (corresponds to instances of java.lang.String) * document type (corresponds to instances of com.wm.data.IData) * object (corresponds to instances of any other class) * option: * required (this parameter is mandatory) * optional (this parameter is optional) * name: the name of the parameter * * To indicate nesting, use a single "-" at the beginning of * each line for each level of nesting. */public static void createAccount (IData pipeline)

throws ServiceException{

// --- <<IS-START(createAccount)>> ---// [i] field:0:required name// [i] field:1:required references// [i] record:0:required data// [i] - field:1:required address// [i] - field:1:required phone// [o] field:1:required message


E jcode tags

// [o] field:1:required idIDataCursor idc = pipeline.getCursor();String name = IDataUtil.getString(idc, "name");String [] refs = IDataUtil.getStringArray(idc, "references");IData data = IDataUtil.getIData(idc, "data");

// Do something with the information here. Note that this// comment inside the service body is the only one that won't// get discarded when fragmenting the service (i.e., it will// show up in Developer.)idc.last();idc.insertAfter ("message", "createAccount not fully implemented");idc.insertAfter ("id", "00000000");idc.destroy();// --- <<IS-END>> ---return;

}/** * == COMPLEX SIGNATURES == * The getAccount service. This service takes a single string * "id", and returns a complex structure representing the * account information. Note the use of the helper functions * (defined below). */public static void getAccount (IData pipeline)

throws ServiceException{

// --- <<IS-START(getAccount)>> ---// [i] field:0:required id// [o] record:1:required account// [o] - field:0:required name// [o] - field:1:required refs// [o] - record:0:required contact// [o] -- field:0:required address// [o] -- field:0:required phoneIDataCursor idc = pipeline.getCursor();if(idc.first("id")){

try {

String id = IDataUtil.getString(idc);IData data = getAccountInformation(id);idc.last();idc.insertAfter ("account", data);

}catch (Exception e){

throw new ServiceException(e.toString());}

}idc.destroy();// --- <<IS-END>> ---

}/** * == SHARED SOURCE == * This is where the shared code lives. This includes both * global data structures and non-public functions that aren't * exposed as Services. Note the tags delimiting the start * and end of the shared code section. */


E jcode tags

// --- <<IS-START-SHARED>> ---private static Vector accounts = new Vector();private static IData getAccountInformation (String id) {

throw new RuntimeException ("this service is not implemented yet");}// --- <<IS-END-SHARED>> ---

}


E jcode tags


F Validation Content Constraints

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Content Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Constraining Facets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448



OverviewYou can apply content constraints to variables in the IS document types, specifications, or service signatures that you want to use as blueprints in data validation. Content constraints describe the data a variable can contain. At validation time, if the variable value does not conform to the content constraints applied to the variable, the validation engine considers the value to be invalid. For more information about validation, see Chapter 10, “Performing Data Validation”.

When applying content constraints to variables, you can do the following:

Select a content type. A content type specifies the type of data for the variable value, such as string, integer, boolean, or date. A content type corresponds to a simple type definition in a schema.

Set constraining facets. Constraining facets restrict the content type, which in turn, restrict the value of the variable to which the content type is applied. Each content type has a set of constraining facets. For example, you can set a length restriction for a string content type, or a maximum value restriction for an integer content type.

For example, for a String variable named itemQuantity, you might specify a content type that requires the variable value to be an integer. You could then set constraining facets that limit the content of itemQuantity to a value between 1 and 100.

The content types and constraining facets described in this appendix correspond to the built‐in data types and constraining facets in XML Schema. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) defines the built‐in data types and constraining facets in the specification XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes (http://www.w3c.org/TR/xmlschema‐2).

Content TypesThe following table identifies the content types you can apply to String, String list, or String table variables. Each of these content types corresponds to a built‐in simple type defined in the specification XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes.

Note: For details about constraints for Objects and Object lists, see Appendix C, “Supported Data Types”.


http://www.w3c.org/TR/xmlschema-2


Content Types Description

anyURI A Uniform Resource Identifier Reference. The value of anyURI may be absolute or relative.

Constraining Facetsenumeration, length, maxLength, minLength, pattern

Note: The anyURI type indicates that the variable value plays the role of a URI and is defined like a URI. webMethods Integration Server does not validate URI references because it is impractical for applications to check the validity of a URI reference.

base64Binary Base64‐encoded binary data.

Constraining Facets enumeration, length, maxLength, minLength, pattern

boolean True or false.

Constraining Facets pattern

Example true, 1, false, 0

byte A whole number whose value is greater than or equal to –128 but less than or equal to 127.

Constraining Facets enumeration, fractionDigits, maxExclusive, maxInclusive, minExclusive, minInclusive, pattern, totalDigits

Example -128, -26, 0, 15, 125

date A calendar date from the Gregorian calendar. Values need to match the following pattern:

CCYY‐MM‐DD

Where CC represents the century, YY the year, MM the month, DD the day. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.

Constraining Facets enumeration, maxExclusive, maxInclusive, minExclusive, minInclusive, pattern

Example 1997-08-09 (August 9, 1997)



dateTime A specific instant of time (a date and time of day). Values need to match the following pattern:

CCYY‐MM‐DDThh:mm:ss.sss

Where CC represents the century, YY the year, MM the month, DD the day, T the date/time separator, hh the hour, mm the minutes, and ss the seconds. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example 2000-06-29T17:30:00-05:00 represents 5:30 pm Eastern Standard time on June 29, 2000. (Eastern Standard Time is 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time.)

decimal A number with an optional decimal point.


Example 8.01, 290, -47.24

double Double‐precision 64‐bit floating point type.


Example 6.02E23, 3.14, -26, 1.25e-2




duration A length of time. Values need to match the following pattern:

PnYnMnDTnHnMnS

Where nY represents the number of years, nM the number of months, nD the number of days, T separates the date and time, nH the number of hours, nM the number of minutes and nS the number of seconds. Precede the duration with a minus (‐) sign to indicate a negative duration.


Example P2Y10M20DT5H50M represents a duration of 2 years, 10 months, 20 days, 5 hours, and 50 minutes

ENTITIES Sequence of whitespace‐separated ENTITY values declared in the DTD. Represents the ENTITIES attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.

Constraining Facets enumeration, length, maxLength, minLength

ENTITY Name associated with an unparsed entity of the DTD. Represents the ENTITY attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.

Constraining Facetsenumeration, length, maxLength, minLength, pattern, whiteSpace

float A number with a fractional part.


Example 8.01, 25, 6.02E23, -5.5




gDay A specific day that recurs every month. Values must match the following pattern:

‐‐‐DD

Where DD represents the day. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example ---24 indicates the 24th of each month

gMonth A Gregorian month that occurs every year. Values must match the following pattern:

‐‐MM

Where MM represents the month. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example --11 represents November

gMonthDay A specific day and month that recurs every year in the Gregorian calendar. Values must match the following pattern:

‐‐MM‐DD

Where MM represents the month and DD represents the day. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example --09-24 represents September 24th




gYear A specific year in the Gregorian calendar. Values must match the following pattern:

CCYY

Where CC represents the century, and YY the year. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example 2001 indicates 2001

gYearMonth A specific month and year in the Gregorian calendar. Values must match the following pattern:

CCYY‐MM

Where CC represents the century, YY the year, and MM the month. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example 2001-04 indicates April 2001

hexBinary Hex‐encoded binary data.

Constraining Facets enumeration, length, maxLength, minLength, pattern

ID A name that uniquely identifies an individual element in an instance document. The value for ID needs to be a valid XML name. The ID datatype represents the ID attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.

Constraining Facets enumeration, length, maxLength, minLength, pattern, whiteSpace

IDREF A reference to an element with a unique ID. The value of IDREF is the same as the ID value. The IDREF datatype represents the IDREF attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.





IDREFS Sequence of white space separated IDREFs used in an XML document. The IDREFS datatype represents the IDREFS attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.


int A whole number with a value greater than or equal to ‐2147483647 but less than or equal to 2147483647.


Example -21474836, -55500, 0, 33123, 4271974

integer A positive or negative whole number.


Example -2500, -5, 0, 15, 365

language Language identifiers used to indicate the language in which the content is written. Natural language identifiers are defined in IETF RFC 1766.


long A whole number with a value greater than or equal to –9223372036854775808 but less than or equal to 9223372036854775807.


Example -55600, -23, 0, 256, 3211569432Name XML names that match the Name production of XML 1.0 (Second

Edition).


NCName Non‐colonized XML names. Set of all strings that match the NCName production of Namespaces in XML.





negativeInteger An integer with a value less than or equal to –1.


Example -255556, -354, -3, -1

NMTOKEN Any mixture of name characters. Represents the NMTOKEN attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.


NMTOKENS Sequences of NMTOKENS. Represents the NMTOKENS attribute type from the XML 1.0 Recommendation.


nonNegativeInteger An integer with a value greater than or equal to 0.


Example 0, 15, 32123

nonPositiveInteger An integer with a value less than or equal to 0.

Constraining Facets enumeration, fractionDigits, maxExclusive, maxInclusive, minExclusive, minInclusive, pattern, totalDigits, whiteSpace

Example -256453, -357, -1, 0

normalizedString Represents white space normalized strings. Set of strings (sequence of UCS characters) that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA), or tab (#x9) characters.


Example MAB-0907




positiveInteger An integer with a value greater than or equal to 1.


Example 1, 1500, 23000

short A whole number with a value greater than or equal to ‐32768 but less than or equal to 32767.


Example -32000, -543, 0, 456, 3265

string Character strings in XML. A sequence of UCS characters (ISO 10646 and Unicode). By default, all white space is preserved for variables with a string content constraint.


Example MAB-0907

time An instant of time that occurs every day. Values must match the following pattern:

hh:mm:ss.sss

Where hh indicates the hour, mm the minutes, and ss the seconds. The pattern can include a Z at the end to indicate Coordinated Universal Time or to indicate the difference between the time zone and coordinated universal time.


Example 18:10:00-05:00 (6:10 pm, Eastern Standard Time) Eastern Standard Time is 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time.

token Represents tokenized strings. Set of strings that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA), or tab (#x9) characters, leading or trailing spaces (#x20), or sequences of two or more spaces.





unsignedByte A whole number greater than or equal to 0, but less than or equal to 255.


Example 0, 112, 200

unsignedInt A whole number greater than or equal to 0, but less than or equal to 4294967295.


Example 0, 22335, 123223333

unsignedLong A whole number greater than or equal to 0, but less than or equal to 18446744073709551615.


Example 0, 2001, 3363124

unsignedShort A whole number greater then or equal to 0, but less than or equal to 65535.


Example 0, 1000, 65000




Constraining FacetsWhen you apply a content type to a variable, you can also set constraining facets for the content type. Constraining facets are properties that further define the content type. For example, you can set a minimum value or precision value for a decimal content type. Each content type has a set of constraining facets. The constraining facets described in the following table correspond to constraining facets defined in the specification XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes.

Constraining Facet Description Usage Notes

enumeration The possible values for the variable at run time.

If you also entered possible values using the Pick list choices property in the General category of the Properties panel, those values will be displayed at run time. However, the enumeration values will be used for validation.

fractionDigits The maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point. For example, the fractionDigits of the value 999.99 is 2.

fractionDigits must be less than or equal to totalDigits.

length The precise units of length required for the variable value.

If you specify length, you cannot specify either minLength or maxLength.

maxExclusive The upper bound of a range of possible values. The range excludes the value you specify. The variable can have a value less than but not equal to maxExclusive.

maxExclusive must be greater than or equal to minExclusive.

You cannot specify maxInclusive and maxExclusive for the same content type.

maxInclusive The upper bound of a range of possible values. The range includes the value you specify. The variable can have a value less than or equal to maxInclusive.

maxInclusive must be greater than or equal to minInclusive.

You cannot specify maxInclusive and maxExclusive for the same content type.

maxLength The maximum units of length permitted for the variable value.

maxLength must be greater than or equal to minLength.



minExclusive The lower bound of a range of possible values. The range does not include the value you specify. The variable can have a value greater than but not equal to minExclusive.

minExclusive must be less than or equal to maxExclusive.

You cannot specify minInclusive and minExclusive for the same content type.

minInclusive The lower bound of a range of possible values. The range includes the value you specify. The variable can have a value greater than or equal to minInclusive.

minInclusive must be less than or equal to maxInclusive.

You cannot specify minInclusive and minExclusive for the same content type.

minLength The minimum units of length permitted for the variable value.

minLength must be less than or equal to maxLength.

pattern A pattern (regular expression) that the value of the variable must match. For example, you can use a regular expression to specify that a variable that is a string content constraint match a Social Security number format.

totalDigits The maximum number of decimal digits allowed in a value. For example, the totalDigits of the value 999.99 is 5.

totalDigits must be greater than or equal to fractionDigits.

whiteSpace The white space normalization performed on the variable value. The value of whiteSpace can be one of the following:

preserve: No white space normalization is performed.

replace: Carriage returns (#xD), line feeds (#xA), and tabs (#x9) are replaced with a single space (#x20).

collapse: After the white space normalization specified by replace is performed, sequences of spaces (#x20) and leading and trailing spaces (#x20) are removed.

Constraining Facet Description Usage Notes



Note: Previous versions of XML Schema contained the constraining facets duration, encoding, period, precision, and scale. However, these constraining facets are not included in the recommendation of XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes. The constraining facets duration, encoding, and period were removed. precision was renamed totalDigits. scale was renamed fractionDigits. If you view a content type from an IS schema created from an XML Schema Definition that used pre‐Recommendation version of XML Schema (before May 2001) the Content Type dialog box will display the constraining facets that were available in the pre‐Recommendation version of XML Schema.

Note: The word “fixed” appears next to the name of a constraining facet whose value is fixed and cannot be changed. When a facet has a fixed value, the facet is called a fixed facet.


G Validation Errors and Exceptions

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Validation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Validation Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

IS Schema Generation Errors and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470



OverviewThis appendix describes error messages that can occur during data validation, IS schema generation, or IS document type generation.

When the validation engine in the webMethods Integration Server validates an object (an XML node, the pipeline, or documents) and the object does not conform to the blueprint or model, the server generates errors and/or exceptions. You might also receive errors and exceptions when creating an IS schema. The following sections describe the errors and exceptions you can receive when performing validation and when creating an IS schema.

Validation ErrorsWhen you perform validation using a built‐in service, webMethods Integration Server returns validation errors in the errors output variable if the object is invalid. When you perform input/output validation, webMethods Integration Server throws an exception if the inputs or outputs are invalid. Error messages are contained in the exception.

Each validation error contains a code and a default message. Error code prefixes indicate the validation error type:

DT indicates a data type validation error. Data type validation errors pertain to the content type constraints applied to the variables.

NV indicates a node validation error. Node validation errors pertain to the validation of an XML node.

VV indicates a document validation error. Document validation errors pertain to the structure of the data values (for example, an invalid document structure).

The following table describes the validation errors you can receive when performing XML, pipeline, or document validation.

Error Code Message and Description

DT‐001 [ISC.0082.9447] Value does not conform to datatype.

Cause: The value does not match the specified content type.

DT‐002 [ISC.0082.9460] No matching enumeration value.

Cause: The value is not an item listed in the enumeration field.

DT‐003 [ISC.0082.9463] Length of value is not equal to specified length.

Cause: The size of the value does not equal the number specified in the length field.



DT‐004 [ISC.0082.9464] Value is shorter than minimum length.

Cause: The size of the value is less than the number specified in the minLength field.

DT‐005 [ISC.0082.9465] Value is longer than maximum length.

Cause: The size of the value is greater than the number specified in the maxLength field.

DT‐006 [ISC.0082.9489] Number of digits is greater than totalDigits.

Cause: The number of digits in the value is greater than the number specified in the totalDigits field.

DT‐007 [ISC.0082.9490] Number of fraction digits is greater than fractionDigits.

Cause: The number of digits to the right of the decimal point is greater than the number specified in the fractionDigits field.

DT‐008 [ISC.0082.9491] Value is less than minInclusive.

Cause: The value is less than the value specified in the minInclusive field.

DT‐009 [ISC.0082.9492] Value is less than or equal to minExclusive.

Cause: The value is less than or equal to the value specified in the minExclusive field.

DT‐010 [ISC.0082.9493] Value is greater than maxInclusive.

Cause: The value is greater than the value specified in the maxInclusive field.

DT‐011 [ISC.0082.9494] Value is greater than or equal to maxExclusive.

Cause: The value is greater than or equal to the value specified in the maxExclusive field.

DT‐012 [ISC.0082.9448] Value does not match pattern.

Cause: The value does not match the pattern specified in the pattern field.

DT‐013 [ISC.0082.9474] The input has invalid characters.

Cause: The specified whiteSpace value is invalid. The value of the whiteSpace field can be preserve, replace, or collapse.




DT‐Binary001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The binary value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Binary002 [ISC.0082.9297] Value is shorter than minimum length

Cause: Size of the binary value, in octets, is less than the value specified in the minimum length field.

DT‐Binary003 [ISC.0082.9298] Value is longer than maximum length

Cause: Size of the binary value, in octets, is greater than the value specified in the maximum length field.

DT‐Binary004 [ISC.0082.9296] Length of value is not equal to specified length

Cause: Size of the binary value, in octets, is not equal to the value specified in the length field.

DT‐Boolean001 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a Boolean. DT‐Decimal001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The decimal value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Decimal002 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable decimal.

DT‐Decimal003 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The decimal value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Decimal004 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The decimal value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Decimal005 [ISC.0082.9300] Value exceeds precision

Cause: The total number of digits in the decimal value is greater than the value specified in the precision field.

DT‐Decimal006 [ISC.0082.9301] Value exceeds scale

Cause: The total number of digits to the right of the decimal point is greater than the value specified in the scale field.




DT‐Double001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The double value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Double002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The double value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Double003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The double value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Double004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable double.DT‐Float001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The float value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Float002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The float value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Float003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The float value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Float004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable float.DT‐Int001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The integer value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Int002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The integer value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Int003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The integer value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.




DT‐Int004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable integer.DT‐INTEGER001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The integer value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐INTEGER002 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable integer.DT‐INTEGER003 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The integer value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐INTEGER004 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The integer value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Long001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The long value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐Long002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The long value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Long003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The long value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Long004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The value is not a parsable long.DT‐List001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The sequence of values in the list is not an element in the choices field.

DT‐List002 [ISC.0082.9297] Value is shorter than minimum length

Cause: Size of the list is less than the value specified in the minimum length field.

DT‐List003 [ISC.0082.9298] Value is longer than maximum length

Cause: Size of the list is greater than the value specified in the maximum length field.




DT‐List004 [ISC.0082.9299] Datatype definition is missing

Cause: Datatype or simple type definition is not found. It is possible that a dependent IS schema that contains this datatype definition was removed from the IS Namespace.

DT‐RecurringDuration001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The recurring duration value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐RecurringDuration002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The recurring duration value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐RecurringDuration003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The recurring duration value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐RecurringDuration004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The recurring duration value does not match the pattern specified in the pattern field.

DT‐STR001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The string value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐STR002 [ISC.0082.9297] Value is shorter than minimum length

Cause: The size of the string, in characters, is less than the value specified in the minimum length field.

DT‐STR003 [ISC.0082.9298] Value is longer than maximum length

Cause: The size of the string, in characters, is greater than the value specified in the maximum length field.

DT‐STR004 [ISC.0082.9307] Does not match pattern(s)

Cause: The string value does not match the pattern specified in the pattern field.

DT‐Time001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The time value is not an element listed in the choices field.




DT‐Time002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The time value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐Time003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The time value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐Time004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The time value does not match the pattern specified in the pattern field.

DT‐TimeDuration001 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The time duration value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐TimeDuration002 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The time duration value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.

DT‐TimeDuration003 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The time duration value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

DT‐TimeDuration004 [ISC.0082.9246] Value does not conform to datatype

Cause: The time duration value does not match the pattern specified in the pattern field.

DT‐TimePeriod001 [ISC.0082.9246] Values does not conform to data type

Cause: The time period value does not match data type specified in the IS schema.

DT‐TimePeriod002 [ISC.0082.9293] No matching choice value

Cause: The time period value is not an element listed in the choices field.

DT‐TimePeriod003 [ISC.0082.9294] Value is less than minimum

Cause: The time duration value is less than the value specified in the minimum exclusive or minimum inclusive field.




DT‐TimePeriod004 [ISC.0082.9295] Value is greater than maximum

Cause: The time duration value is greater than the value specified in the maximum exclusive or maximum inclusive field.

NV‐001 [ISC.0082.9001] Error while parsing

Cause: The XML document cannot be parsed. It is possible that the XML document being validated is not well formed.

NV‐002 [ISC.0082.9002] Unable to retrieve root element

Cause: XML document is empty.

Response: Check that the document is being submitted properly.

NV‐003 [ISC.0082.9003] Unable to locate a matching element declaration

Cause: An undeclared element node is found in the instance document.

Response: Check to make sure that the document uses only declared elements.

NV‐004 [ISC.0082.9004] [attributes] property must be empty

Cause: This element carries attributes that are not expected.

Response: Check to make sure that the document only uses element attributes that are declared in the schema.

NV‐005 [ISC.0082.9005] Element information items are not allowed in [children] property

Cause: This element contains child elements; however, the element declaration in the IS schema indicates that the element does not contain any child elements.

Response: Check to make sure that the document properly conforms to the schema.

NV‐006 [ISC.0082.9006] Unable to locate a matching attribute declaration

Cause: This element carries an attribute that is not declared in the element declaration in the IS schema.

Response: Check to make sure that the document only uses element attributes that are declared in the schema.




NV‐007 [ISC.0082.9007] Missing Attribute Information Item

Cause: A required attribute is not found in this element node.

Response: Check to make sure that the document conforms to the schema.

NV‐008 [ISC.0082.9008] Invalid value - does not match fixed value

Cause: The instance document contains an invalid element body or attribute value. Specifically, the element body or attribute value does not match a fixed value found in the declaration.


NV‐009 [ISC.0082.9009] Child element elementName at position location is unexpected.

Cause: The element is not a valid child element or the sequence of child elements does not satisfy the order specified in the corresponding element declaration or complex type definition.


[ISC.0082.9010] Incomplete content–one or more child elements are expected.

Cause: The element is not a valid child element or the sequence of child elements does not satisfy the order specified in the definition.


NV‐010 [ISC.0082.9011] Unable to locate attribute declaration

Cause: An attribute declaration is not found. It is possible that a dependent IS schema that contains this attribute declaration was removed from the IS Namespace. For example, IS schema pub.schema.w3c:datatypes references an attribute declaration (xml:lang) in pub.schema.w3c:xml . If you receive this error, it is possible that pub.schema.w3c:xml was removed.

Response: Check to make sure that all of the attribute declarations referenced by the schema are present.




NV‐011 [ISC.0082.9012] Unable to locate type definition

Cause: A simple or complex type definition is not found. It is possible that a dependent IS schema that contains this type definition was removed from the IS Namespace. For example, IS schema pub.schema.w3c:structures references a type definition in pub.schema.w3c:datatypes. If you receive this error, it is possible that pub.schema.w3c:datatypes was removed.

Response: Check to make sure that all of the type definitions referenced by the schema are present.

NV‐012 [ISC.0082.9014] Unable to locate element declaration

Cause: An element declaration is not found. It is possible that a dependent IS schema that contains the element declaration was removed from the IS Namespace.

Response: Check to make sure that all the element declarations referenced by the schema are present.

NV‐013 [ISC.0082.9016] Unable to resolve QName: localName:{uri}

Cause: The schema processor uses the namespaces declared in the instance document to resolve a QName to:

{Namespace URI} Local Name

However, the schema processor is unable to resolve the QName using the namespace declarations in the instance document.


NV‐014 [ISC.0082.9017] typeName is not validly derived from declaredTypeName

Cause: This error occurs when the first type is used in a context where the second type is expected, and either the first type is not the same as the second type or the first type is not validly derived from the second type.

Response: Check to make sure that the correct types are specified in the schema and that the correct corresponding types are used in the document.




NV‐015 [ISC.0082.9018] typeName is an abstract type and cannot be used directly to validate content

Cause: The specified type is an abstract type that has been either declared or nominated. Abstract types cannot be used to validate element content.

Response: Make sure to use only concrete types when validating element content.

NV‐016 [ISC.0082.9019] elementName is an abstract element and cannot appear in an instance

Cause: The element declaration identifies the element as an abstract element. Abstract elements cannot appear in instance documents.

Response: Make sure to only use concrete elements in instance documents.

NV‐017 [ISC.0082.9020] QName - xsi:type is used incorrectly (declared type is anonymous)

Cause: A type is nominated using xsi:type for an element whose declaration contains an anonymous type. A new type cannot be derived from an anonymous type because new types can be derived only from named types.

Response: Be sure to use only named types when declaring new types.

NV‐018 [ISC.0082.9021] Contains invalid text

Cause: The schema processor encountered an invalid piece of text. It is possible that the instance document contains a simple type where element declarations are interspersed with text. Simple types cannot contain element declarations.


VV‐001 [ISC.0082.9025] Missing Object

Cause: A required document (IData object) or variable is missing from the input.

Response: Be sure that the arguments are being passed properly to the validator.




VV‐002 [ISC.0082.9026] Undefined Object found

Cause: A document (IData object) contains an orphan variable. (This message only appears if the Allow unspecified fields property in the Constraints category of the Properties panel is False.)

Response: Make sure that all variables are defined, or check the box to allow unspecified fields on the constraints tab of the Variable Properties dialog box.

VV‐003 [ISC.0082.9027] Dimension mismatch, List expected

Cause: The value being validated is a scalar value or a multi‐dimensional array (String table), however the variable it is being validated against is a list (one‐dimensional array).


[ISC.0082.9028] Dimension mismatch, Single item expected

Cause: The value being validated is an array value (a list or a table). The variable it is being validated against is scalar.


[ISC.0082.9029] Dimension mismatch, Table expected

Cause: The value being validated is a scalar value or a one‐dimensional array (list). The variable it is being validated against is a two‐dimensional array (table).


VV‐004 [ISC.0082.9030] Type mismatch, String expected

Cause: The value is being validated against a String variable, but the IS data type of the value is not a String.





[ISC.0082.9031] Type mismatch, Document expected

Cause: The value is being validated against an IS document type variable, but the IS data type of the value is not an IS document type.


[ISC.0082.9032] Type mismatch, Object expected

Cause: The value is being validated against an Object variable, but the IS data type of the value is not an Object.





Validation ExceptionsAt run time, the service performing validation either succeeds or fails. If the service fails, webMethods Integration Server throws a validation exception. A validation exception is generated if one of the following is true:

Errors are detected in the object (XML node, pipeline, or document (IData object)) that is passed (for example, null value).

The basic validation contract is violated (for example, a binary tree is passed instead of a document (IData object) as expected).

You specify that the service should fail if the object to be validated (XML node, pipeline, or document (IData object)) did not conform to the IS schema or IS document type (for example, failIfInvalid = true). If this is the reason for the exception, webMethods Integration Server inserts the validation errors into the exception message.

The following table identifies and describes the validation exceptions that can be generated.

Default Exception Message When is it thrown? Description

[ISS.0062.9021] object is null Real time and design time

Cause: The object to be validated does not exist in the pipeline.

Response: Link an XML node or document variable to the object variable in Service In.

[ISS.0062.9022] %NSName% - object does not exists

Real time and design time

Cause: The IS document type or IS schema specified for the conformsTo variable does not exist in the IS Namespace.

Response: Change the value of conformsTo to be an IS document type or IS schema that exists in the IS namespace.

[ISS.0062.9024] webMethods Integration Server does not support this type of validation (may or may not support in the future)

Real time and design time

Cause: The object to be validated is not one of the types supported by validation.

Response: Currently, only XML, pipeline, and document (IData object) validation is supported.



[ISS.0062.9202] Invalid: minLength

Design time Cause: The min length is either not a parsable number or conflicts with max length.

Response: Change the min length value and make sure that it is within the allowed range for the content type.

[ISS.0062.9203] Invalid: maxLength

Design time Cause: The max length is either not a parsable number or conflicts with minimum length.

Response: Change the max length value and make sure that it is within the allowed range for the content type.

[ISS.0062.9211] Invalid Regular Expression: Expression

Design time Cause: The pattern is an invalid Perl regular expression.

Response: Modify the pattern and make sure that it is Perl regular expression.

[ISS.0062.9212] Invalid: minInclusive

Design time Cause: The specified minInclusive value is invalid. For example, the minInclusive value for a variable with content type constraint of short must also be a short.

Response: Make sure the minInclusive is a valid number for the specified content type.

[ISS.0062.9213] Invalid: minExclusive

Design time Cause: The specified minExclusive value is invalid. For example, the minExclusive value for a variable with content type constraint of short must also be a short.

Response: Make sure the minExclusive is a valid number for the specified content type.




[ISS.0062.9214] Invalid: maxInclusive

Design time Cause: The specified maxInclusive value is invalid. For example, the maxInclusive value for a variable with content type constraint of short must also be a short.

Response: Make sure the maxInclusive is a valid number for the specified content type.

[ISS.0062.9215] Invalid: maxExclusive

Design time Cause: The specified maxExclusive value is invalid. For example, the maxExclusive value for a variable with content type constraint of short must also be a short.

Response: Make sure the maxExclusive is a valid number for the specified content type.

[ISS.0062.9230] Invalid scale Design time Cause: The value of a constraining facet has an invalid scale.

Response: Examine the constraining facet values to make sure the values do not conflict.

[ISS.0062.9231] Exceeds precision: minInclusive

Design time Cause: The value of the minInclusive constraining facet exceeds the value specified for totalDigits.

Response: Change the value of minInclusive or totalDigits to make sure the values do not conflict.

[ISS.0062.9232] Exceeds precision: minExclusive

Design time Cause: The value of the minExclusive constraining facet exceeds the value specified for totalDigits.

Response: Change the value of minExclusive or totalDigits to make sure the values do not conflict.

[ISS.0062.9233] Exceeds precision: maxInclusive

Design time Cause: The value of the maxInclusive constraining facet exceeds the value specified for totalDigits.

Response: Change the value of maxInclusive or totalDigits to make sure the values do not conflict.




[ISS.0062.9234] Exceeds precision: maxExclusive

Design time Cause: The value of the maxExclusive constraining facet exceeds the value specified for totalDigits.

Response: Change the value of maxExclusive or totalDigits to make sure the values do not conflict.

[ISS.0062.9235] Invalid enumerated item

Design time Cause: A content type constraint is defined in terms of the collective set of constraining facet values. Together, these values determine the allowed values and properties of the content type. The constraining facet value you just specified may conflict with other constraining facet values. For example, if you specify length for the string content type, you cannot specify min length or max length.

Response: Examine the constraining facet values to make sure the values do not conflict with each other.

[ISS.0062.9302] Maximum is less than minimum

Design time Cause: Invalid condition. The maximum value is less than the minimum value. (maximum < minimum)

Response: Change the maximum or minimum value to eliminate the conflict.




[ISS.0062.9303] Minimum is out of range (Valid range is from lowerBound to upperBound)

Design time Cause: The minimum value is out of the valid range for the content type.

Response: Change the minimum value (min exclusive, min inclusive, or min length) and make sure that it is within the allowed range for the content type.

[ISS.0062.9304] Maximum is out of range (Valid range is from lowerBound to upperBound)

Design time Cause: The specified maximum value is out of the valid range for the content type.

Response: Change the maximum value (max exclusive, max inclusive or max length) and make sure that it is within the allowed range for the content type.




IS Schema Generation Errors and WarningsWhen you create an IS schema from a DTD or an XML Schema definition, you may receive errors or warnings. The following table identifies and describes the errors you might receive when creating an IS schema. Error or warning codes that begin with DTDC are errors that occur when you generate an IS schema from a DTD (or from an XML document that references an existing DTD). Error or warning codes that begin with XSDC are errors that occur when you generate an IS schema from an XML Schema definition.

Note: You might also receive these errors and warnings when you generate an IS document type or flow service from an XML Schema definition, DTD, or XML document that references a DTD. For more information about creating an IS document type, see “Creating an IS Document Type” on page 233. For more information about creating a flow service, see “Creating a New Flow Service” on page 120.

Code Message and Description

CONV‐001 [ISC.0082.9101] Document type generation error: errorNumber.

Cause: The schema processor encountered an error in the XML Schema definition used to create an IS document type.

Response: Contact Software AG Customer Care.

DTDC‐001 [ISC.0082.9501] DTD is empty

Cause: The DTD does not contain any information.

Response: Make sure that the DTD is valid.

DTDC‐002 [ISC.0082.9502] NS Declaration is missing for prefix 'prefixName'

Cause: Warns that an XML Namespace prefix is used without declaring it.

Response: Declare the XML Namespace prefix before using it.

DTDC‐003 [ISC.0082.9503] Error while parsing'

Cause: Warns that a DTD cannot be parsed. It is possible the DTD does not satisfy XML 1.0.

DTDC‐005 [ISC.0082.9505] Name collision detailedWarningMessage

Cause: Warns that an element type declaration is found in another schema with the same XML Namespace.

Response: Use a different XML Namespace.



XSDC‐001 [ISC.0082.9703] Duplicate declaration found in this schema definition

Cause: A duplicate attribute or element declaration is found in the XML Schema definition.

Response: Make sure the XML Schema definition is valid.

XSDC‐002 [ISC.0082.9704] Duplicate definition found in this schema definition

Cause: A duplicate simple type or complex type definition is found in the XML Schema definition.

Response: Make sure the XML Schema definition is valid.

XSDC‐003 [ISC.0082.9705] Definition not found

Cause: A simple type or complex type definition is missing from the XML Schema definition.

Response: Make sure the datatype definition is present in the XML Schema definition.

XSDC‐004 [ISC.0082.9706] Declaration not found

Cause: An error. An element declaration or attribute declaration is missing from the XML Schema definition.

XSDC‐005 [ISC.0082.9707] Base type definition not found

Cause: A base type definition that is used to derive either a simple type or complex type is missing from the XML Schema definition.

Response: Make sure the base type definition is present in the XML Schema definition.

XSDC‐006 [ISC.0082.9708] Type derivation not OK

Cause: An error. As per the spec (s) from the W3C, the “type derivation is not OK.”

[ISC.0082.9709] Type derivation not OK: attribute declaration to be restricted is not found in the base type definition

Cause: In a complex type derivation, an attribute declaration restricts the use of an attribute. However, this attribute declaration is not found in the base type definition.

Response: Make sure that the attribute declaration is present in the base type definition.




[ISC.0082.9710] Type derivation not OK: attribute declaration to be prohibited is not found in the base type definition

Cause: In a complex type derivation, an attribute declaration prohibits the use of an attribute. However, this attribute declaration is not found in the base type definition.

Response: Make sure that the attribute declaration is present in the base type definition.

XSDC‐008 [ISC.0082.9712] Incorrect facet (s) specified: typeName throws errorMessage.

Cause: Constraining facets applied to the data type are incorrect or cannot be used with the data type.

Response: Use the error messages to determine which constraining facets to remove from the type definition.

XSDC‐009 [ISC.0082.9713] Unable to resolve QName

Cause: Incorrect QName.

Response: Check the value of the QName.

XSDC‐080 [ISC.0082.9701] Duplicate declaration found in this schema folderName:schemaNamewith the same target namespace

Cause: Warns that an identical attribute declaration or element declaration is found in the specified schema with the same target namespace. The schema processor creates the schema but does not include the duplicate declaration. Instead, the schema contains a pointer to the first (original) declaration.

Response: None required.

XSDC‐081 [ISC.0082.9702] Duplicate definition found in this schema folderName:schemaName with the same target namespace

Cause: Warns that an identical simple type or complex type definition is found in the specified schema with the same target namespace. The schema processor creates the schema but does not include the duplicate type definition. Instead, the schema contains a pointer to the first (original) type definition.

Response: None required.




[ISC.0082.9106] Complex type TypeName is recursive. webMethods Integration Server does not support creating a document type from an XSD with a recursive complex type.

Cause: The XML Schema contains a recursive complex type definition. The Integration Server does not support generating a document type from an IS schema containing a recursive complex type. This error only occurs when you generate an IS document type from an XML Schema.

Response: If the schema you are using to generate a document type contains a recursive complex type definition, select the Generate complex types as document types option when you create a new document type from an XML Schema in Developer.



Index

Symbols! 423!= 420" 427% 427& 424&& 424( 427) 427/ 427< 420<= 421<> 420= 419== 419> 420>= 420\ 427_env field 243| 423|| 423‡ 259

Aaccess control 104ACLs

assigning to elements 104, 107assigning to packages and folders 106checking for services 105defined 104element creation, view, and deletion implications

112inheritance 109locking implications 111requirements for using Developer 18testing and debugging implications 111viewing on a server 109

actions, performing on IS elements 32adapter notifications

described 243guidelines for moving and copying 49

adapter services, retry behavior 376

addingfolders 121packages 72transformers 214variables to pipeline link 211

addressingvariables in expressions and filters 425variables with special characters 426

alarm eventsbuilding handlers for 360definition of 348, 359reasons generated 359uses of 359

all content model 227Allow unspecified fields option 256and operator 424annotating source code for jcode 320anonymous type definitions 227any attribute declaration 226any element declaration 226anyURI content constraint 439API for Java services 314applying

conditions to links 204constraints to variables 255, 438

areas of Developer windowbehavior and operation 31editor 27focus 31general layout 21Navigation panel 22Properties panel 29Recent Elements tab 27resizing 33Results panel 31switching perspectives 34UDDI Registry tab 25zooming 33

arithmetic services 214array variables

default behavior for linking 409definition of 409


Index

guidelines for linking 203linking to or from array variables 201, 409linking to or from scalar variables 201, 409linking to transformers 217using in filters 429

assigningdefault value to a variable 207replication services 85shutdown services 85startup services 85universal names to services 137values to pipeline variables 206, 207variable values to a variable 208version numbers to packages 78

attributedeclaration 226reference 226

audit data, when generated 142audit events

building handlers for 361definition of 348, 360when generated 142

Audit level property 149audit log

configuring 140described 141

auditingconfiguring 140failed and successful services 142, 146failed services 142for errors 146for recovery, described 147for resubmission purposes 146long-running services 147service retry 136services 140use cases 146

auditing optionsoverwritten by server property 148setting for a service 148

auditLog server property 148

Bbase64Binary content constraint 439blank labels in BRANCH steps 164blue links, in the Pipeline tab 202

booleanscontent constraint 439in filters, Broker restrictions 429

BRANCH stepbranching on empty values 164branching on expressions 163branching on null values 164branching on switch value 160creating 168creating a multi-step child for 166definition of 118, 384Evaluate labels property 163specifying default step 165specifying label value 161specifying switch variable 161switch value 160using conditional expressions 163using in a flow 160using SEQUENCE as a target of 166using with regular expressions 161

breakpointsand the Trace Into command 289clearing from flow steps 289clearing from transformers 290listing all 291locating in flow services 291overview 288point when processing halts 289, 290removing 291setting in flow services 289setting on a flow step 289setting on a transformer 290

Brokerfilter collation locale 421filter rules 428

Broker document type, creating publishable document type from 240

Broker/local triggerdefinition of 23

Broker/local triggerscreating filters for 414

browser clientscreating 341invoking services from 342, 343testing from 279


Index

buildingevent handler sample 357event handlers 357flow services 116

built-in servicesfor arithmetic operations 214for date/time transformations 214for document (IData object) validation 263for pipeline validation 264for remote services 158for string manipulation 214for XML validation 264invoking 158throwExceptionForRetry 137

byte content constraint 439

CC/C++ clients

creating 335, 336creating a make file 336

C/C++ servicescompiling with a make file 323creating 323, 324

cachingdefinition of 131elements to improve Developer performance 66services not suited for 131services suited for 131setting 133using prefetch 133

call stack 278catch sequence, in service retry 377changing

level of a step 154passwords 37position of a step 154

child flowsdescribed 154stepping in/out of child flows 287tracing 285

choice content model 227circular dependencies, between packages 83class files

location of 318clearing

breakpoints on flow steps 289breakpoints on transformers 290

client applicationscreating browser-based 341creating C/C++ 335creating Excel 339creating Java 332creating Visual Basic 337

closed documents, described 256closing a session on webMethods Integration Server

35coded services, about 308collapsing

transformers 220white space 449

COM objectsinvoking as services 328using with webMethods components 327

COM servicescreating 327

com.wm.app.b2b.server.ISRuntimeException class 137

combining Trace and Step commands 283commands

Disable Step 291, 293Enable Step 291, 293Load Pipeline Locally 299Reset 283Restore Pipeline from Server 299Restore Pipeline Locally 299Save Pipeline from Server 299Save Pipeline Locally 297Save Pipeline to Server 297Set Breakpoint 289Step 282, 286, 287Step Into 282, 286, 287Step Out 286, 287Trace 282, 284Trace Into 282, 284, 285Trace to Here 282, 284, 285

comments for jcode 320Comments property, definition 156, 388compiling

C/C++ services 327error in Java compiler location 315Java services 315, 321services with Developer 315services with jcode 321, 322specifying the Java compiler 315


Index

complex type definitionall content model 227anonymous 227choice content model 227described 227empty content 227expanding as inline IS document type 237generating as separate IS document types 237mixed content 227recursive structures 237sequence content model 227

composite mode (jcode) 322conditional expressions

addressing variables 425addressing variables with special characters 426lexical operators 421logical operators 423operator precedence 424standard relational operators 419syntax 415using with pipeline links 204using with the BRANCH step 163

conditional linkscreating 206described 204disabling 294

conditionsapplying to links 204disabling on links 294

connecting to webMethods Integration Server 19, 35constraining facets

applying 258described 255, 448for pipeline validation 438

constraintscontent 224, 438definition of 255for IS schemas 224for XML validation 224structural 224viewing for variables 259

content constraintsapplying to variables 255constraining facets 255, 448editing for simple types 231for String variables, definition of 438for validation 438for variables, definition of 255

for XML validation 224in IS schemas 224in IS schemas, definition of 224

content modelsall 227choice 227empty 227mixed 227sequence 227

content typesapplying to variables 256constraint symbol 259customizing 257specifiying constraining facet values 258

context-sensitive menus 32Control steps

BRANCH 118, 160EXIT 118, 181LOOP 118, 178REPEAT 118, 170SEQUENCE 118, 176

converting string lists to document (IData object) lists 200

copyingby reference, definition of 196by value, definition of 196elements from the Results panel 277IS elements 47pipeline values 209set values 209transformers 219

creatingcode for Java services 315event filters 352event filters for services 355event handler sample 357event handlers 357flow services 120folders 121, 323IS elements 41IS schemas 229Java services with an IDE 319Java services with C/C++ 323Java services with Developer 311, 314Java services with Visual Basic 327Java services with your own IDE 317links to array variables 409links to document (IData object) variables 198


Index

packages 72specifications for C/C++ services 323version numbers for packages 78

cursors 309customizing content types 257

Ddagger symbol, next to variable icon 259data transformations, definition of 186data types

icons to represent 123linking with Pipeline tab 199supported by webMethods Integration Server 406tables 409

data validationallowing undeclared variables 256applying constraints 255benefits of 254blueprints for 254closed variables 256content constraints 255definition of 254document (IData object) validation 263errors 452exceptions 266, 465input/output validation

definition of 259performing via Input/Output tab 261performing via INVOKE step properties 262

open variables 256pipeline validation 263requiring variable existence 256structural constraints 255types of 254XML validation 264

date content constraint 439date conversion services 214dateTime content constraint 440DCOM objects

invoking as services 328using with webMethods Integration Server 327

debug level, setting on server 301debugging flow services

breakpoints 288combining trace and step 283disabling a single flow step 291disabling a transformer 293disabling conditions on links 294

dumping the pipeline to serveryyyymmdd.log 304enabling a single flow step 291enabling a transformer 293modifying the pipeline 295overview 270, 281resetting debug mode 283stepping into a child flow 287stepping into a transformer 288stepping through a flow 282, 286tracing a flow 282, 284tracing into a child flow 285using server debug facility 300, 301

debugLog service 302decimal content constraint 440declaring

input and output parameters 122input for a service 123output for a service 124

default value, assigning to a pipeline variable 207defining packages 72deleting

breakpoints on transformers 290event subscriptions 356IS elements 53links between variables 204packages 77

dependencies, packageidentifying 81removing 83

dependentschecking when renaming IS elements 43confirming before deleting elements 43finding service and document (IData object) 60safeguards for updating 44

details perspective 34Developer window, toolbar 26Developer. See webMethods Developerdimensionality, definition of 217directories

Java services 317Disable Step command 291, 293disabling

a condition placed on a link 294a flow step 291a transformer 293

dispatch servicesfor COM 328for DCOM 328


Index

document (IData object) validationdefinition of 263errors 452exceptions 465performing 263

document data type 406document list data type

converting from String list 200definition of 406

document reference data typecreating 246definition of 406

document reference list data typecreating 246definition of 406

Document Type Definitions. See DTDsdocument types. See IS document typesdocumentation

accessing for packages 76additional 16creating for packages 76feedback 16using effectively 15

documents (IData objects)applying content constraints 438assigning to a document or document list 233,

246assigning to a specification 233benefits of 233creating 233errors when creating from DTD or XML Schema

470finding dependents 43linking 198open and closed 256pipeline validation 263printing 245using as service parameters 233, 245viewing in browser 245

double content constraint 440DROP modifier 190, 210dropping values from the pipeline 210DTDs

creating documents (IData objects) from 233creating IS document types from 235creating IS schemas from 229IS schema generation warnings 470

duration content constraint 441

Eedit perspective 34editing

elements. See editorevent subscriptions 355flow services 116properties 30Service property 157simple types in IS schema 231

editordescribed 27help about 38hiding and showing 33inserting flow steps into 153resizing 33supported data types 123tabs 27viewing and editing elements in 28

element declaration 226element lock

copying, moving, and deleting 94removing. See unlocking elementssystem lock 88user lock 88

element reference 226elements (IS)

See also editor 43assigning ACLs 107caching to improve Developer performance 66copying 47creating 41cutting 47definition of 40deleting 53displayed in editor 27displayed in Navigation panel 22displayed in Recent Elements tab 27displayed in UDDI Registry tab 25double-clicking to open 45editing 43exporting 78finding dependents 43finding in Navigation panel 55finding unresolved references 62fully-qualified names 41guidelines

copying 47creating 41


Index

deleting 53general actions 44moving 47opening and closing 45renaming 51

help for properties 38locating in Navigation panel 29locking 43moving 47naming guidelines 42overwriting when creating publishable document

types 241pasting 47performing actions 44performing actions on 32permissions 104references 61renaming 51saving 53single-clicking does not open 45unlocking 43viewing as HTML 43

emptycontent 227strings in filters 421values, branching on 164

Enable service audtiting options, described 141Enable Step command 291, 293enabling

flow steps 291service auditing 141transformers 293

end-to-end linking 213entering input for a service 272ENTITIES content constraint 441ENTITY content constraint 441enumeration constraining facet 448envelope field

in publishable document types 243usage restrictions 243

error auditing, described 146error handling, in flow services 176errors

data validation 452document (IData object) generation 470flow service generation 470IS schema generation 470pipeline validation 452

Evaluate labels property 169event filters

creating 352creating for services 355

event handlerscreating 357creating sample 357definition of 350for alarm events 360for audit events 361for exception events 363for GD End events 366for GD Start events 365for port status events 367for replication events 368for session end events 369for session expire events 370for session start events 369for stat events 370for Tx End events 373for Tx Start events 372stages of creating 357

Event Manageralarm events

building handlers 360definition of 348, 359uses 359

audit eventsbuilding handlers 361definition of 348, 360

definition of 348event behavior 350event handlers 350Event Manager command 351exception events 348, 362

building handlers 363filters 352GD End events 364

building handlers 366uses 364

GD Start events 364building handlers 365uses 364

guaranteed delivery events 348JMS retrieval failure events 348, 354pattern strings 352


Index

port status events 349, 366building handlers 367uses 366

replication events 349, 367building handlers 368uses 367

run-time behavior 350security events 349session end events 368

building handlers 369session events 349, 368

uses 368session expire events 368

building handlers 370session start events 368

building handlers 369stat events 349, 370


subscriptionscreating 351creating filters for 352deleting 356editing 355managing 350suspending 356viewing 355

transaction events 349, 372Tx End events 372


Tx Start events 372building handlers 372uses 372

viewing subscriptions 356Event manager

JMS delivery failure events 348, 354events

See also event handlers, Event Managercreating filters 352creating filters for services 355deleting subscriptions to 356editing subscriptions to 355guaranteed delivery 364subscribing to 351suspending subscriptions to 356types of 348viewing subscriptions to 355

Excel clients, creating 339exception events

building handlers for 363definition of 348, 362

exceptionsdata validation 266, 465during a test 277

executing services from Developer 271execution locale 134Exit on property 176EXIT step

creating 182definition of 118, 386using in a flow 181

expanding complex types inline 237expanding transformers 220explicit linking, definition of 192explicit universal names 138exporting elements and packages 78expressions

addressing variables 425addressing variables with special characters 426branching on 163operator precedence 424operators for 418syntax for 415using for pipeline linking 204

extending the Java class 313extends (Java keyword) 313

Ffacets, See constraining facetsfailIfInvalid property 465failure

of a flow step 176of a REPEAT step 171

fieldscontent type constraint symbol 259dagger symbol 259green squares 259optional symbol 259

filter collation locale 421filtering events 352filters

addressing variables 425addressing variables with special characters 427allowed quantifiers 429arrays 429


Index

back references 429booleans in 429braces {} in 429checking for variable existence 429collation locale, specifying 421comparing strings and numeric values 429comparison operators, missing 429constrained Objects in 429effect of locale 421extended metacharacters 429lexical relational operators 421lists 429logical operators 423$null 429operators for 418server performance 419standard relational operators 419syntax 415syntax restrictions 428variables with special characters 426

findingelements in Navigation panel 55invoked services 59service and document (IData object) dependents

60unresolved pipeline references 63unresolved references 62

float content constraint 441flow services

See also services, debugging flow servicesbreakpoints 288, 289caching to improve Developer performance 66creating 120debugging 281definition of 116disabling a single step 291disabling a transformer 293disabling conditions placed links 294editing 116enabling a single step 291enabling a transformer 293errors creating from DTD or XML Schema 470inserting steps in a service 153maximum retry period 136printing 149response to failure 176retrying 135, 136stages of creating 120

stepping in/out of child flows 287stepping in/out of transformers 288stepping through 286tracing 284viewing in browser 149

flow stepsBRANCH 118, 160changing the level of 154changing the position of 154definition of 117disabling 291enabling 291EXIT 118, 181failure of 176grouping 176hierarchical order of 154inserting into a flow service 152INVOKE 117, 157LOOP 118, 178MAP 117, 183moving in a flow service 154parent/child relationships 154properties 156re-enabling 291REPEAT 118, 170SEQUENCE 118, 176setting breakpoints on 289

folders, creating 121frag mode (jcode) 321

GGD End events

building handlers for 366definition of 364pub.remote.gd:end 364uses of 364when generated 364

GD Start eventsbuilding handlers for 365definition of 364pub.remote.gd:start 364uses of 364when generated 364

gDay content constraint 442Generate Code command 334, 336, 337generating complex types as document types 237global declarations, in XML Schemas and DTDS

226


Index

gMonth content constraint 442gMonthDay content constraint 442Go To Breakpoint command 291Go To command (for services) 59gray links, in the Pipeline tab 192green square, next to variable icon 259grouping flow steps 176guaranteed delivery events

See also GD End events, GD Start eventscompared to transaction events 364definition of 348, 364generating guaranteed delivery (GD) events 364generating transaction (Tx) events 364overview 364when generated 364

guidelinesfor assigning startup, shutdown, and replication

services 85for creating IS document types 235for elements

creating 41deleting 53moving and copying 47opening and closing 45renaming 51working with 44

for linking array variables 203for linking document (IData object) variables 198for linking variables 194for linking variables of different data types 199for naming packages 72

gYear content constraint 443gYearMonth content constraint 443

Hhailmary mode (jcode) 322hard-coding input variables 206help, obtaining 38hexBinary content constraint 443hiding and showing panels 33HTML, viewing elements in 43

IID content constraint 443IData objects

creating 309definition of 308

getting data from 309positioning cursors 309putting data in 309using in a Java service 319

IDEassigning a super class with 313creating source code in 311defining private methods with 313implementing interfaces with 313importing Java packages 313in Developer 310, 311using other IDEs 317using the Java service editor 311using the Shared tab 313

identifyingpackage dependencies 81replication services 85shutdown services 85startup services 85

IDREF content constraint 443IDREFS content constraint 444implementing interface in Java services 313implements (Java keyword) 313implicit linking

described 192for MAP steps 213

implicit universal names 138import (Java keyword) 313, 319import mechanism, in XML Schemas 230importing Java packages 313, 319include mechamism, in XML Schemas 230index, array variables 202Indexing tab. See linking array variablesInput array property 179input variables

declaring for a service 122, 123declaring in a document (IData object) 233entering test values for 272hard-coding 206linking considerations 194linking in the pipeline 192loading values from a file 274saving values to a file 274

input/output parametersdeclaring for a service 122generating Java code from 315

Input/Output tab 125


Index

input/output validationdefinition of 259performing via Input/Output tab 261performing via INVOKE step 262

insertingINVOKE step 158steps into flow services 153transformers 214

installing Java services 317int content constraint 444integer content constraint 444Integrated Development Environment. See IDEIntegration Server Administrator, unlocking elements

95Integration Server. See webMethods Integration

Serverinterfaces

implementing in Java service 313INVOKE step

Comments property 388creating 158definition of 117, 388finding 59invoking built-in services 158invoking services on another server 158Label property 388peforming validation via step properties 262Pipeline tab 187Scope property 388Service property 157, 388Timeout property 388using in a flow 157Validate input property 388Validate output property 388

invokingbuilt-in services 158remote services 158services 158services from a browser 342, 343services on another server 158

IS document typesSee also documents (IData objects)creating empty document types 234creating from Broker document type 240creating from DTD 235creating from XML document 235creating from XML Schema 235described 233

editing 244expanding complex types inline 237generating complex types as document types 237guidelines for creating 235

IS elements. See elements (IS)IS schemas

appearance 224constraints 224content constraints 224creating 229definition of 224editing simple types 231errors from generating 470generating multiple 230import element 230include element 230structural constraints 224using to validate an XML document 264warnings from generating 470

ISRuntimeExceptionsdescription of 135throwing in services 376

JJava classes for object and object list variables 407Java clients, creating 332, 334Java keywords

extends 313implements 313import 313, 319

Java service editor 311Java services

adding private methods to 313compiler location 315compiling with Developer 315compiling with jcode 321creating 314, 315creating with an IDE 317, 319creating with Developer 311extending the class of 313implementing interface in 313importing packages into 313, 319installing manually 317jcode requirements 320location of class files 318location of source files 318publishing to the server 317required code 319


Index

setting run-time options 317stages of development 311structure of 310using with webMethods components 310validating from 265

jcode utilitycomposite mode 322frag mode 321hailmary mode 322make mode 321purpose of 318source code samples 432source code tags 320update mode 322

JMS delivery failure event 348, 354JMS retrieval failure events 348, 354JMS trigger

definition of 23

Kkeyboard shortcuts 32

LL_EQUALS 422L_GREATER_OR_EQUAL 422L_GREATER_THAN 422L_LESS_OR_EQUAL 422L_LESS_THAN 422L_NOT_EQUALS 422Label property

definition 388for evaluating expressions 163for general use 156for specifying the default BRANCH step 165for targeting BRANCH steps 161

language content constraint 444length constraining facet 448lexical relational operators

conditional expressions 421definition of 421empty string 421locale 421non-string variables 421

libs directory 323, 327link indices 202

linkingarray variables 201

default rules 409guidelines for 203to array variables 409to scalar variables 409to transformers 217

between document formats 213conditional links 204considerations 194copying by reference 196copying by value 196default behavior for arrays 203deleting links between variables 204different data types 199disabling conditions on links 294document (IData object) variables 198in a single view 213input variables 192output variables 193pipeline variables to service variables 192scalar variables to array variables 409the pipeline 195transformers 215variables conditionally 204variables explicitly 192variables implicitly 192

linksblue colored 202deleting 204disabling conditions 294executing at run time 196gray colored 192in Pipeline tab 192

list variables in filters 429Load Pipeline Locally command 299loading

input values from a file 274pipeline values from a file

into Results panel 299overview 298with restorePipelineFromFile service 299

locating a breakpoint 291locking elements

corresponding server files 98description 88


Index

Java and C/C++ 91single element 91system locking 92template service 92unlocking. See unlocking elementsVCS check in/check out 88viewing lock status 89, 93

log files, audit log 141logging on to webMethods Integration Server 19, 35logical operators, definition of 418long content constraint 444LOOP step

creating 180creating nested loops 178definition of 118, 389setting Input array 179setting Output array 179using in a flow 178

Mmake file

creating 323using to compile C/C++ services 327

make mode (jcode) 321MAP modifier

definition of 190executing at run time 196linking different data types 199linking from service output 193linking to service input 192

MAP stepdebugging 288definition of 117, 390disabling transformers 293enabling transformers 293inserting transformers 214Pipeline tab 189transformers 213using in a flow 183using to initialize variables in a flow 184, 207

mapping. See linkingMax attempts property 137maxExclusive constraining facet 448maximum retry period, definition of 136maximum retry period, description of 136maxInclusive constraining facet 448maxLength constraining facet 448maxOccurs threshold value, for validation 267

memoryreducing usage 66running out of during validation 267

menu bar, using to perform actions 32metacharacters, in filters 429methods, adding to a Java service 313minExclusive constraining facet 449minInclusive constraining facet 449minLength constraining facet 449mixed content 227modifying the pipeline 190moving

IS elements 47steps in a flow service 154steps within a flow 154

NName content constraint 444name transformations, definition of 186namespace information (for services)

creating source file from 322location of 317updating with jcode 321

namespacesusage in universal names 137XML namespace property 247

naming services 41Navigation panel

described 22help about 38hiding and showing 33icons 22, 88refreshing contents of 25resizing 33toolbar 26

NCName content constraint 444negativeInteger content constraint 445NMTOKEN content constraint 445NMTOKENS content constraint 445nonNegativeInteger content constraint 445nonPositiveInteger content constraint 445not operator 423notification, of server shutdown 36ns directory 317$null

in filters 429in labels for BRANCH steps 164

null, branching on 164


Index

OObject data type

definition of 407in filters 429

Object list data type, definition of 407object list variables, Java classes 407object variables, Java classes 407online help, obtaining 38open and closed documents 256open documents, described 256opening a session on webMethods Integration

Server 35operations, performing on IS elements 32operators

conditional expressions and filters 418lexical relational operators 421logical 423precedence in expressions 424relational 418standard relational operators 419

optional variables for validation 256or operator 423out of sync publishable document types 244Output array property 179output templates

assigning to a service 127definition of 127

output variablesdeclaring 124declaring for a service 122declaring in a document (IData object) 233linking considerations 194linking in the pipeline 193

Overwrite Pipeline Value option 207

Ppackages

adding 72assigning version numbers 78copying 74creating 72creating circular dependencies 83cutting 74definition of 70deleting 77dependencies, using with startup services 84documenting 76exporting 78

identifying dependencies 81importing into Java services 313, 319moving 74naming guidelines 72pasting 74reloading 77reloading vs refreshing 77removing dependencies 83required by Java services 319viewing details 73viewing patch history 79

panelseditor 27Navigation 22Properties 29Recent Elements 27Results 31switching perspectives 34UDDI Registry 25

parametersapplying constraints 255benefits of declaring 122declaring 122, 126declaring for a service 123, 124

parent/child relationships in a flow 154passwords

changing 37requirements 37

patch historyremoval by Integration Server 80viewing for a package 79

pattern constraining facet 449pattern matching, in event subscriptions 352Perform Variable Substitution option 208Performance 144performance impact, service auditing 144permission

See also ACLsassigning to elements 104

Permissions property 107perspectives of views 34pipeline

adding variables to 211addressing variables 425adjusting 190assigning values to 206changing values 295checking for variables 418


Index

conditional linking 204copying values 209definition of 118DROP modifier 210dropping values 295dropping variables from 210inspecting modifiers 63linking 195

array variables 201default rules 409guidelines for 203

input variables 192output variables 193scalar variables, default rules 409transformers 215variables of different data types 199

MAP step 183modifying 295Overwrite Pipeline Value option 207Perform Variable Substitution option 208Pipeline In 187Pipeline Out 188restoring from a file 298saving 296saving from Results panel 297saving with savePipelineToFile service 298Service In 187Service Out 188SET VALUE modifier 206stages of 187validating 264validating via built-in services 264validating via Java service 265viewing after run-time exception 279viewing with Developer 275

Pipeline Editor. See Pipeline tabPipeline In 187, 189pipeline modifiers

definition of 190DROP 190MAP 190SET VALUE 190

Pipeline Out 188, 189pipeline references

definition of 63finding 63


Index

Pipeline tab 186blue links (conditional link) 202copying by reference 196copying by value 196default behavior for arrays 203default linking rules 409deleting links between variables 204editing a MAP step 189editing INVOKE step 187gray links (implicit link) 192inserting transformers 214linking

array variables 201default rules 409guidelines for 203

document (IData object) variables 198scalar variables, default rules 409transformers 215variables 192

overview 186printing 190transformer movement 217viewing in browser 190

pipeline validationdefinition of 263errors 452exceptions 465performing via built-in services 264performing via Java service 265

port status eventsbuilding handlers for 367definition of 349, 366uses of 366

positiveInteger content constraint 446precision constraining facet 449prefetch 133preserve white space 449printing

documents (IData objects) 245flow services 149Pipeline tab contents 190

private methods, defining in Java service 313programming languages

creating services with 308supported 308

propertiesAudit level 149auditLog server 148

Comments 156, 388definition of 156editing 30Evaluate labels 169Exit on 176for transformers 215Input array 179Label 156, 388Label (for BRANCH steps) 161, 165Output array 179Permissions 107Repeat on 170, 171, 393Scope 168, 388Service 157, 159, 215, 388setting for variables 247Substitution groups 239Switch 161, 168Timeout 159, 168, 172, 180, 388Validate input 159, 215, 388Validate output 159, 215, 388XML Namespace 247

Properties panelauditing a service 140described 29flow step properties 156help about 38hiding and showing 33patch history for packages 80resizing 33run-time parameters 129

pub.flow:getRetryCount service 137pub.flow:throwExceptionForRetry service 137

invoking 379pub.publish:envelope document type 243pub.remote.gd:end service 364pub.remote.gd:start service 364pub.remote:invoke service 158pub.schema:validate service 263pub.schema:validatePipeline service 264publishable document types

adapter notifications 243creating from Broker document type 240defined 240editing 244envelope field 243overwriting elements 241synchronizing 244

publishing services to the server 317


Index

RRecent Elements tab

described 25, 27help about 38hiding and showing 33resizing 33

Record data type. See document data typeRecord list data type. See document list data typeRecord Reference data type. See document

reference data typeRecord Reference List data type. See document

reference list data typerecords. See document (IData object), IS document

typesrecursive complex types in XML Schemas 238redefine mechanism, in XML Schemas 230re-enabling

flow steps 291transformers 293

referenced elements, importing during synchronization 241

referencesfinding 61inspecting pipeline 63

refreshdifference from restoring a session 36Navigation panel contents 25Recent Elements tab contents 27

regular expressionscreating event filters with 355definition of 398operators 398using as a BRANCH label 161using in a mask 398

reinvoking services 146relational operators

definition of 418lexical 421standard 419types of 418

reloading packages 77remote servers, invoking services on 158remote services, invoking 158removing

breakpoints 291breakpoints from transformers 290package dependencies 83packages 77

replication services 86shutdown services 86startup services 86variables from the pipeline 210

renamingIS elements 51transformers 221

Repeat on property 170, 171, 393REPEAT step

creating (on failure) 172creating (on success) 174definition of 118, 391failure 171specifying the repeat condition 170, 171, 393using in a flow 170using to retry a failed step 171using to retry a successful step 174

replace white space 449replication events

building handlers for 368definition of 349, 367uses of 367

replication servicesassigning 85definition of 84guidelines for assigning 85removing 86when to use 84

requirements for passwords 37requiring variable existence for validation 256Reset command 283resizing

panels 33window areas 33

Restore Pipeline from Server command 299Restore Pipeline Locally command 299restorePipelineFromFile service 296, 298restoring

pipeline values from a fileinto Results panel 299overview 298with restorePipelineFromFile service 299

sessions 36Results panel

copying elements from 277described 31general information 276help about 38


Index

hiding and showing 33resizing 33saving results from 296

retried audit log status 136Retry interval property 137Retry on ISRuntimeException category 137retry period, maximum 136retry, for service 135retrying a flow step 170Run command 271Run in Browser command 279running out of memory, during validation 267running services from Developer 271run-time exceptions 277run-time settings 317

SSave Pipeline Locally command 297Save Pipeline to Server command 297savePipelineToFile service 298saving

changes to elements 53elements (IS) 53input values to a file 274test results from Results panel 297test results using savePipelineToFile service 298test results, overview 296

scalar variablesdefault behavior for linking 409definition of 409linking to or from array variables 409

scale constraining facet 448schema browser, definition of 225schema details area, definition of 228schema editor 224schema processor, definition of 229schema services

for document (IData object) validation 263for pipeline validation 264for XML validation 264

Scope property, definition 388Send XML File command 280sequence content model 227SEQUENCE step

as target for a BRANCH 166definition of 118, 394setting exit condition 176using in a flow 176

server files, viewing for locked elements 98server. See webMethods Integration Serverserveryyyymmdd.log file 301

contents of 301dumping pipeline to 304overview 300

service auditingconfiguring 140described 140enabling 141error auditing 146failed and successful services 146including pipeline 143overwriting individual service settings 148performance impact 142, 144specifying which states to log 142use cases 146

Service In 187Service Out 188Service property

definition 388definition of 157editing 157for transformers 215renaming transformers with 221

service retryadapter services 376audit log 136basic componenents 377configuring 135example 380overview 376requirements 136, 376restrictions 136throwing exceptions for 376

servicesassigning universal names 137audit data

enabling 141when generated 142

auditingconfiguring 140enabling 141for recovery 147long-running services 147options 148

caching to improve Developer performance 66configuring retry 135


Index

creating event filters for 355creating flow 120creating with Visual Basic 327execution locale 134finding dependents 43finding invoked 59input signature for trigger services 124invoking built-in 158invoking on another server 158invoking on remote servers 158locale policy 134naming 41provided by webMethods Integration Server 158reinvoking 146retry exceptions 376retryiing 136retrying adapter services 376stages of creating 120state information 130testing and debugging 270throwing retry exceptions 376transformers 212validating input/output via Input/Output tab 261validating input/output via INVOKE step 262

sessionclosing on webMethods Integration Server 35opening on webMethods Integration Server 35restoring 36

session end eventsbuilding handlers for 369definition of 368

session eventsSee also session end events, session expire

events, session start eventsdefinition of 349, 368uses of 368

session expire eventsbuilding handlers for 370definition of 368

session start eventsbuilding handlers for 369definition of 368

Set Breakpoint command 289SET VALUE modifier 190, 206

copying 209using in MAP step 207

settingbreakpoints on flow steps 289breakpoints on transformers 290variable values 206

Settings tab. See Properties panelShared tab 313short content constraint 446shortcuts, for toolbars 26showing and hiding panels 33shutdown services

assigning 85definition of 84guidelines for assigning 85removing 86when to use 84

signaturefor trigger services 124of a service 308

simple types 227editing in IS schema 231

single view linking 213source code

compiling with C/C++ make file 327compiling with jcode 321, 322creating automatically for a Java service 315creating from namespace information 322creating in your own Java IDE 319creating Java 316location of 318tagging for jcode 320writing in C/C++ 326writing in Developer 311

source control system, integration with 88Source field on Shared tab 313Source tab. See Java service editorspecial characters

in variable names 426typing in expressions 427

specificationsassigning to a service 251benefits of 248creating 248definition of 248finding dependents 43

squares, green 259stack overflow, during validation 267


Index

standard relational operatorsdefinition of 419using in filters 419using in triggers 419

starting Developer 19startup services

assigning 85definition of 83effect on package dependencies 84, 86guidelines for assigning 85removing 86when to use 84

stat eventsbuilding handlers for 370definition of 349, 370uses of 370

state information for a service 130status events. See port status eventsStep command 282, 286, 287Step Into command 282, 286, 287Step Out command 286, 287stepping through a flow 282, 286string content constraint 446String data type, definition of 406String list data type

converting to document list 200definition of 406

String table data type 406strings

copying by reference 196transformation services 214

structural constraintsdefinition of 224, 255for validation 255for XML validation 224IS schemas 224

structural transformationsdefinition of 186examples 200linking to resolve 199

subordinate flow steps. See child flowssubscribing to events, overview 351Substitution group property 239substitution groups 239super class, defining in IDE 313suspending event subscriptions 356Switch property 161, 168switch value, branching on 160

symbolfor content type constraints 259for optional variables 259

syntax for conditional expressions and filters 415system locking

defined 88elements 92

Ttables, support of 409tabs

Input/Output tab 125Pipeline tab 186Schema tab. See schema editor 224selecting 27Settings tab for services. See also Properties

panel 317Shared tab 313

tagging source code for jcode 320templates

assigning to a service 127definition of 127

test perspective 34test results

changing pipeline values 295copying 277loading 296saving 296viewing 275

testing servicesentering test input 272from a browser 279from Developer 271inspecting the pipeline 275loading input values from a file 274loading the pipeline 296overview 270run-time exceptions 277saving input to a file 274saving the pipeline 296setting breakpoints 288testing in debug mode 281viewing results 275viewing the call stack 278viewing the pipeline 279XML document as input 280

threshold value, for maxOccurs 267throw exception for retry 377


Index

time content constraint 446time conversion services 214timeDuration content constraint 441Timeout property 159

definition 388for BRANCH step 168for LOOPstep 180for REPEAT step 172

token content constraint 446toolbar, Developer window 26toolbar, using to perform actions 32totalDigits constraining facet 449Trace command 282, 284Trace Into command 282, 284, 285, 286

and breakpoints 289effect on breakpoints 289

Trace to Here command 282, 284, 285tracePipeline service 304tracing

a flow 282, 284into a child flow 285

transaction eventsSee also Tx End events, Tx Start eventscompared to guaranteed delivery events 364definition of 349, 372uses of 372when generated 364

Transformer not found message 221transformers

adding 214array variables 217clearing breakpoints 290collapsing 220considerations 214copying 219debugging 288definition of 212dimensionality mismatch 217disabling 293enabling 293expanding 220inserting 214linking 215linking array variables 217movement in Pipeline tab 217output variables 216properties 215re-enabling 293

renaming 221Service property 215services provided by webMethods 214setting breakpoints 290stepping in/out of child flows 288Validate input property 215Validate output property 215validating input and output 218zooming in on 220

transient error, definition of 135, 376trigger services, input signature requirements 124triggers

disabled when copied 48filter syntax restrictions 428filters and relational operators 421lexical operators 418testing 270used with adapter notifications 243using standard relational operators 419

troubleshooting information 16try sequence, in service retry 377Tx End events

building handlers for 373definition of 372uses of 372when generated 364

Tx Start eventsbuilding handlers for 372definition of 372uses of 372when generated 364

type definitionsanonymous 227complex types 227simple types 227

UUnicode, and Java source code 322universal names

assigning to services 137implicit vs explicit 138local portion of name 138namespace portion of name 137removing from a service 140

unlocking elementsmore than one 93system locked 97


Index

using Integration Server Administrator 95using webMethods Developer 95

unresolved references, finding 62unsignedByte content constraint 447unsignedInt content constraint 447unsignedLong content constraint 447unSignedShort content constraint 447update mode (jcode) 322URL, invoking services from 342, 343user account on webMethods Integration Server 18

VValidate input property 159, 215

definition 388Validate output property 159, 215

definition 388validatePipeline service 264validating

See also validationdocuments (IData objects) 263from Java services 265input/output for transformers 218input/output via Input/Output tab 261input/output via INVOKE step 262pipeline via built-in services 264pipeline, overview 263service input/output 259, 261, 262XML documents 264

validationSee also validatingallowing undeclared variables 256applying constraints 255benefits of 254blueprints for 254constraining facets 448constraints, definition of 255content constraints 438definition of 254errors 266, 452exceptions 266, 465input/output 259overview 254requiring variable existence 256running out of memory 267service input and output 259stack overflow 267types of 254

XML validation 264validation errors and error codes 452validation services

pub.schema:validate 263, 264pub.schema:validatePipeline 264

value transformations, definition of 186variables

adding to the pipeline 211addressing in the pipeline 425applying constraints 255applying content constraints 438applying content types 256checking for existence 418content type constraint symbol 259copying by reference 196copying by value 196copying values in pipeline 209declaring for a service 122, 123, 124declaring in a document (IData object) 233deleting links 204initializing values 207linked by blue line 202linking 192linking conditionally 204optional existence for validation 256optional symbol 259requiring existence for validation 256setting properties 247substitutions 208using as Set Value 208viewing applied constraints 259XML Namespace property 247

VCS Integration feature, described 88version control system (VCS), integration with 88version numbers, assigning to packages 78View as HTML command 149, 190, 245view perspectives 34viewing

assigned value of a variable 207breakpoints list 291elements in HTML 43status of a locked element 89, 93test results 275variable constraints 259

Visual Basic clients, creating 337Visual Basic services

creating 327


Index

Wwarnings

document (IData object) generation 470flow service generation 470IS schema generation 470

watt.server.auditLog property, described 148watt.server.invoke.maxRetryPeriod 136watt.server.stats.pollTime property 366webMethods Developer

main window 21online help 38starting 19toolbar 26

webMethods Integration Serveraccess requirements for 18closing a session 35connecting to 19, 35disconnecting from 35logging on to 19notification of shutdown 36opening a session 35performing ACL checking 105supported data types 406

webMethods Monitor 140, 146webMethods Type Library 333, 337, 339When to include input pipeline options, described

143When to log options, described 142whiteSpace constraining facet 449win32.COM.dispatch:createObject 328windows

layout 21zooming 33

WmPublic package, definition of 158

XXML documents

creating documents (IData objects) from 233creating IS document types from 235creating IS schemas from 229testing services with 280

XML Namespace property, described 247XML Schema definitions

creating documents (IData objects) from 233creating IS document types from 235creating IS schemas from 229import mechanism 230include mechanism 230IS schema generation warnings 470recursive complex types 238redefine mechanism 230referenced by other XML Schemas 230

XML validationcontent constraints 224creating IS schemas 229definition of 264errors 452exceptions 465IS schemas, overview 224performing 264structural constraints 224

Zzooming

in a window 33in on transformers 220


Index


7-1-1 Developer Users Guide

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