6th Grade UBD - Unit 7 - Roman Culture Life and Legacy.
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Roman Culture Life and Legacy
6th Grade UBD - Unit 7 - Roman Culture Life and Legacy
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Preview
Power Relationships- Men ruled Roman society. It was very
hierarchical, traditional, and family-centered.
Roman Genius- Rome created order over a large area with many
different people and languages. Romans did this by developing
roads, aqueducts, a common form of money, a code of law. All of
this allowed the spread of Rome’s cultural achievements.
The Development of Language- Latin is a practical language
and could absorb new ideas of other cultures and still keep its own
identity. Although people do not speak Latin today, it has had a
huge effect on the descendants of the Roman Empire.
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Civilization or Enslavement?Video- Civilization or Enslavement?
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Reach Into Your Background
“Wherever the Roman
conquers, there he dwells.
—Lucius Annaeus
Seneca” In your own
words, what do you think
the writer meant when he
wrote these words? What
do you think this says
about Rome’s behavior as
a conquering nation?
( 5 minutes)
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Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answer with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
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Key Ideas- Early Roman Republic
Power in the family rested in the hands of the paterfamilias
(father of the family). Below him were other men of the
family, then the women, children, and enslaved people.
A small group of rich men of the patrician class formed the
governing body. This was the Senate.
Plebeians were greater in number than patricians, but they
could not take part in government.
Plebeians began to fight for increased political power. This led
to posting the Twelve Tables. These were the basic codes of
law in ancient Rome.
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Key Ideas- Establishing the Roman Empire
Men still ruled society, but women had more of a life outside
the home.
Power shifted into the hands of the emperors.
The number of enslaved people increased until they greatly
outnumbered the plebeians. This put many plebeians out of
work.
Emperors used “bread and circuses” to keep plebeians who
were not working from rioting.
Slavery supported the empire. Enslaved people could buy
their freedom on occasion.
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Roman Society
Roman culture
and influence
spread through
the ancient
world and
continue to
influence people
and nations
today.
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Everyday Life in Roman CitiesVideo- Everyday Life in Roman Cities
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Roman Society
The center of Roman
society was the called the
familia, or family. Family,
marriage, and duty were
important to the people of
ancient Rome.
A pyramid-style hierarchy,
or order, determined the
roles of every person within
the society.
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Roman Society
Ancient Roman
society was
organized into three
classes: patricians,
plebeians, and
slaves.
Patricians were the
ruling class, and
plebeians were
commoners.
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Roman Society
The center of Roman
society was the family, or
familia.
Societal roles were
determined by a pyramid-
style hierarchy.
The father was the head of
the family, or the
paterfamilias, and had
absolute power.
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Key Term
Paterfamilias-
The father was
the absolute
ruler of the
family. Below the
father were the
other male
members of the
family, including
sons, uncles, and
cousins.
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Roman Society
The bottom of the
pyramid consisted of
women, children, and
slaves.
Women focused on
domestic chores and
managed household
slaves.
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Women in the Roman EmpireReading Handout- Women in the Roman Empire
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Patrons and Clients
To make sure they
were protected and
had a greater say in
the public sphere,
plebeians sought the
patronage, or support,
of a member of the
patrician class.
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Patrons and Clients
As clients,
plebeians pledged
their loyalty,
assistance, and
even military
service to the
patron.
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Patrons and Clients
In return, the patron
represented the
plebeian politically and
legally.
As the patricians
gained more wealth,
the gap between them
and the plebeians grew.
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The Divide Between the Rich and PoorVideo- The Divide Between the Rich and Poor
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Patrons and Clients
Eventually, plebeians
began to demand
more political and
economic rights.
This struggle led to the
creation of the Twelve
Tables, the first set of
written laws in Rome.
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Slavery in Ancient RomeVideo- Slavery in Ancient Rome
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Slavery in Ancient Rome
As the Roman Empire
grew, its slave
population soared.
Slaves worked in a
variety of roles,
including mining,
farming, and domestic
work.
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Key Term
Gladiators-
Men who
fought against
one another or
against large
animals as a
form of
entertainment
for others.
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Slavery in Ancient Rome
Some slaves were
forced to fight to the
death as gladiators.
Gladiators were
professional fighters.
There were no laws
to protect slaves, and
they had no rights.
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Slave Revolts
Because of the harsh conditions slaves lived in, Romans
feared a slave revolt.
To prevent this, they used the possibility of manumission,
the ability to buy one’s freedom, as an incentive for good
behavior.
Even so, slave revolts did happen.
A famous example is a slave revolt led by the gladiator
Spartacus. After years of fighting, his rebellion was harshly
suppressed.
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Slavery and the Economy of Rome
Because slaves did
much of the work in the
Roman Empire, many
plebeians had no jobs
and fell into poverty.
As a result, they were
forced to survive on
food handouts from the
government.
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Slavery and the Economy of Rome
Historians refer to
these people as
“the mob”—the
people whose
poverty,
unemployment,
and dependence
on the state led
them to riot.
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Gladiator CombatVideo- Gladiator Combat
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Bread and Circuses
The increasing
inequality of Roman
society led to tensions
between the upper and
lower classes.
To appease the lower
classes, patricians used
a tactic called “bread
and circuses.”
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Bread and Circuses
Bread and Circuses refers
to distracting the people
from their long-term
problems by offering them
food handouts (bread) and
entertainment such as
chariot races and gladiator
fights (circuses).
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Entertainment for the Masses
Chariot races were
held in a large U-
shaped stadium
called the Circus
Maximus.
Another stadium,
called the Colosseum
(or Coliseum), served
as an arena for
gladiator fights and
other
entertainments.
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Key Term
The
Colosseum-
Erected to
entertain the
public with
spectacles such
as mock battles,
huge fights
between
gladiators or
between men
and animals.
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Key Term
Circus
Maximus-
One of many
sports arenas
in ancient
Rome built for
the
amusement of
the Roman
people.
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Entertainment for the Masses
The games were an
expensive but effective
way of keeping the
poor entertained.
Also, the state provided
free or low-cost grain to
the poor to keep them
happy.
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Like sports fans today, the Romans pass through the gates and head for their
seats. Where they sit, however, depends on who they are. The emperor and his
guests are seated nearest to the field on a magnificent platform.
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Sports Through the AgesReading Handout- Sports Through the Ages
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Key Ideas- Roman Genius
Roman engineers and architects developed styles and ways
of doing things that were their own.
Public baths spread throughout the empire.
Many Roman buildings and roads throughout the empire
still exist today because of the invention of concrete.
Rome used Greek building styles. However, it built larger,
taller, and heavier buildings than the Greeks built. Romans
did this by adding their own ideas, such as vaults, arches,
and the use of concrete.
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Pax Romana
After a civil war in the Roman Republic led to the founding of
the Roman Empire, Emperor Augustus set out to organize
Rome’s territories and establish boundaries to create unity
throughout the empire. Called the Pax Romana, this period of
relative peace lasted 200 years.
The Romans used a census to determine who to tax and how
much to tax each individual or family.
As the empire grew, the Roman government levied a common
tax paid with money called tributum, or tribute.
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Roads and AqueductsVideo- Roads and Aqueducts
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Moving People
The Romans
constructed a vast
network of roads to
hold the empire
together.
These roads made it
possible for Roman
armies to control the
population in all
areas of the vast
empire.
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Key Term
Legionnaire- A
soldiers who
fought in the
armies of the
Roman Empire.
Rome’s armies
were composed
of legions, and
each legion had
about 6,000
soldiers.
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Moving People and Water
The roads were built to
last—in fact, some of
them are still used today.
The Romans provided
water to their cities
using aqueducts that
carried water over long
distances for drinking,
irrigation, and baths.
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Moving Water
Public baths were a
part of daily life in
ancient Rome.
At these baths, men
would discuss business,
politics, and local
gossip.
Women had smaller,
less luxurious baths.
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Art
Roman artists adopted
techniques used by the
Greeks and applied
them to art forms such
as landscaping and
portraiture.
The Romans also
specialized in making
practical art, such as
jewelry, coins,
fountains, and mosaics.
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Art
The Romans used
an architectural
element called the
dome in some of
their buildings,
such as the
Pantheon, and
perfected the arch.
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A Practical Art
Roman culture often
imitated what it
admired and improved
on what it needed
from other cultures.
As a result, it came up
with useful inventions,
such as concrete.
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Key Ideas- The Development of Language
Latin became the common language of the
Roman Empire.
Latin became the official language of the Roman
Catholic Church.
Latin is still used in terms for law, science, and
mathematics. The spread of Latin changed the
languages of some Europeans. This change
resulted in the forming of various Romance
languages.
English contains many Latin-based words.
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Latin
Latin was the common
language of the empire.
It helped unite the
diverse cultures within
the Roman Empire and
influenced the
development of many
modern languages.
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Latin
Today, many modern
languages, including
French, Spanish,
Italian, Portuguese, and
Romanian, are called
Romance languages
because they
developed from Latin.
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Rome Declines, but Latin Remains
With the decline of the Roman
Empire and the rise of
Christianity, Latin became the
spoken and written language
of the Roman Catholic Church.
Classical Latin continues to be
used in science, mathematics,
and legal terminology.
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Rome Declines, but Latin Remains
Rome’s legacy has
been ensured by
the multiple ways
the rest of the
world has
recognized,
admired, and
adopted aspects of
its unique
character.
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Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
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Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)