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6987-2/05-Michigan-1 The Nuclear Renaissance: A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy Jim Reinsch President,...
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Transcript of 6987-2/05-Michigan-1 The Nuclear Renaissance: A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy Jim Reinsch President,...
6987-2/05-Michigan-16987-2/05-Michigan-1
The NuclearRenaissance:A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
Jim ReinschPresident, Bechtel Nuclear Power
Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy InstitutePresident-Elect, American Nuclear Society
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Acknowlegements
Steve L. Stamm, P.E.Nuclear Business ManagerStone & Webster Power Division
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Outline
ANS representation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Shaw Stone & Webster Framatome ANP Seabrook Station University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
Role of American Nuclear Society
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ranked 5th by U.S. News and World Report
10,000 students
900 faculty
32 majors
5 schools
Milestones: Penicillin Vitamin A
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Shaw Stone & Webster
Shaw Group formed in 1987
One of Fortune's Top 500 companies
Stone & Webster foundedin 1889
18,000 employees
Provides multi-services Engineering Design Construction Maintenance
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Seabrook Station
Majority owner— Florida Power and Light (FPL)
C.O.— August 1990
1,161 MW
Largest reactor in New England
Provides about 7 % of region’s electricity
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University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Founded in 1894
Member of the University of Massachusetts system, 1991
12,000 students
$300 million in annual research
One of the 50 best universities in the world by Times of London
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Framatome ANP
Jointly-owned subsidiary with AREVA and Siemens
World leader in: Engineering design and construction
of nuclear power plants and research reactors
Modernization, maintenance and repair services
Component manufacturing Supply of nuclear fuel
Manufacturing facilities in over 40 countries
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Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
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Worldwide Perspective
NASA
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World View
Global electricity demand to increase 50% by 2025 1.6%/yr for industrial
world 3.6%/yr for
developing worldDemand
1850 1950 1990 2000 2050 2100
Year
Tri
llion
kW
h
6987-2/05-Michigan-12E
PR
I
Global Emissions and Atmospheric
Concentration of CO2
Global Average Temperature
Atmospheric concentrations
derived from ice cores
Atmospheric concentrations
measureddirectly
Emissions
1790 1815 1840 1865 1890 1915 1940 1975 1990
Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
1000
3000
5000
7000
Emiss
ions
(MM
TC)
250
300
350
400 Atmospheric Concentration (ppm
)
58 °F
57 °F
56 °F1880 1894 1908 1922 1936 1950 1964 1978 1992 1999
Source: NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies5-year surface annual mean
Cause of Disruption Emissions from
CO2 from fossil fuel
Fossil fuel 80% of world’s
energy 80% of new
capacity brought on line in 2003
Nuclear Limits
greenhouse gas emissions
Environment
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4 x CO2
of ExistingLevels
2 x CO2
of ExistingLevels
21002030 EPRI
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Temperature Rise
Environment
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Nuclear Drivers
Why Nuclear: Safe Proven performance Affordable Energy security/energy
independence Emission free Abundant fuel and stable prices
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World nuclear generation sets record in 2004 383,629 MW 2,696 MMWh 3.7% increase
Led by: Record setting performance
• U.S.• Sweden
Restart of units in:• Japan• Canada
Commissioning of new units• South Korea• Ukraine
World View
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440 nuclear power plants
16% of world’s electricity
Displaces 2 billion metric tons of CO2
World View
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The Renaissance Begins
8Korea
8Europe3
Japan
5Other
3Russia
3China
30 Projects
Underway in
2004
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NuclearOverview:Pacific Basin
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Pacific Basin
Asia fastest growing market
East and South Asia
100 plants in operation
20 under construction
40 to 60 planned
Represents 36% of the world’s new capacity growth
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Pacific Basin
Greatest growth
China
Japan
South Korea
India
PacificOcean
Indian Ocean
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China Perspective
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Quick Facts
World’s largest population China = 1.3 billion U.S. = 0.3 billion
Second largest energy consumer U.S. = 25% of world total China = 10% of world total
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Quick Facts
2003 10% increase in
generation capacity 17% increase in demand 15,000 MW shortage
2004 9% increase in
generation capacity 16% increase in demand 30,000 MW shortage
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Energy Portfolio
2%
Nuclear
Coal
Hydro Fuel Percent
Coal 80
Hydro 18
Nuclear 2
Total ElectricalGeneration
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China’s Plan
Operation
Under Construction
Planning
LingDong 2x1000MW PWRHong Kong
Sanmen 6x1000MW PWR
Qinshan III 2x665MW HWR
Daya Bay 2x944MW PWR
Qinshan I 1x300MW PWR
LingAo 2x950MW PWR
Beijing
Harbin
Chengdu
HaiYang 6x1000MW PWR
TianWan 6x1000MW VVER
Shanghai
Shenzhen
Qinshan II 2x600MW PWR
YangJiang 6x1000MW PWR
Fuzhou HuiAn 6x1000MW PWR
WaFangDian 6x1000MW PWR
Qinshan IV 2x1000MW PWR
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Near-Term Plan
PWR technology selected
National Nuclear Steering Committee formed
National Development and Reforming Commission (NDRC) has significant role
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Path Forward
Nuclear power to be expanded 6,600 MW to
40,000 MW by 2020 Near-term construction
4 replication units 4 Generation III+ units
• 2 at Sanmen• 2 at Yangjiang
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Current Invitation to Bid (ITB)
BURMALAOS
NEPAL
VIETNAM
INDIA
Sea ofJapan
MONGOLIA
JAPAN
SOUTHKOREA
NORTH KOREA
Taiwan
YellowSea
RUSSIA
Qinghai
Tibet
InnerMongolia
Heilongjiang
Jilin
Hebei
Liaoning
Shandong
Beijing
Jiangsu
Gansu
Henan
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Sichuan
Guangxi
Guizhou
Hunan
Hubei
Guangdong
Jiangxi
AnhuiZhejiang
Fujian
South ChinaSeaHainan
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Sanmen Nuclear Plant
Yangjiang Nuclear Plant
BHUTAN
China
Xinjiang
Yunnan
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Status of ITB
ITB issued September 28, 2004
PWR technology Westinghouse AREVA Atomstroyexport
Construction award December 2005
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Passive safety systems permit simplification and improve safety
Modularization reduces construction to 36 months
NRC design certification provides regulatory certainty: AP 600 — December 1999 AP 1000 — August 2005
Westinghouse
Westinghouse – AP 1000
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Four loop RCS design
Four train safety systems
In-containment borated water storage
RCS depressurization system
Separate buildings for safety trains
Advanced “cockpit” control room
48 months from first concrete to CO
AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR
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Atomstroyexport (Russian)VVER-1000
“Evolutionary” design incorporating safety improvements
Standardization based on components that performed well on earlier plants (VVER-440)
Four loop RCS design
Horizontal steam generators
Redesigned fuel assemblies
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World Reactor Technologies
Gen III+ Gen IV
Today’s Designs Future Designs
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Generation IV advanced nuclear reactors (ARS) Six candidates:
• Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR)
• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)
• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)
• Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)
• Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
• Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR)
http://nuclear.gov/nerac/FinalRoadmapforNERACReview.pdf
December 2002
Future Designs
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Technology Top priority Next Generation
Nuclear Plant• High temperature• Passive safety• Improved economics• Demonstrates hydrogen production• High efficiency direct-cycle electricity production• Nonproliferation
Technology suppliers• PBMR (Pty) Ltd. Pebble Bed (PBMR)• AREVA/Framatome ANP ANTARES• General Atomics GT-MHR
Future Designs — Generation IV - ARS
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PBMR (Pty) Ltd. — Pebble Bed Modular Reactor High temperature (900 °C)
helium-cooled reactor TRISO-coated particle fuel in
spherical fuel elements On-line refueling Direct cycle gas turbine Inherent passive safety design
Future Designs — Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)
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AREVA/Framatome ANP — ANTARES design Prismatic core
• Low cost• Maximum core design flexibility• Minimum core design uncertainty
Indirect cycle• Simplified design
Innovative CCGT-based power generation system• Developed with MHI and confirmed by EdF• Maximizes use of existing technology• Combined Brayton and Rankine cycles give high
efficiency Readily adaptable to H 2 production
Future Designs — NGNP
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General Atomics — Gas Turbine — Modular HeliumReactor (GT-MHR) Helium cooled reactor
• Nonradioactive• High heat capacity
Gas turbine• Brayton cycle vs. steam cycle• High efficiency ~ 50%• Modern gas turbine technology
Ceramic fuel particles– High temperature capability > 1600 °C– Stable graphite core/moderator– High fuel burnup capability– High proliferation resistance
Future Designs — NGNP
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Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs)
Simplified design
Passive systems to enhance safety and reduce cost
Standardized designs based on modularization producing shorter construction schedules
Enhanced resistance to proliferation
Today’s Design — Generation III+
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General Electric ESBWR ABWR+
BNFL/Westinghouse AP 1000
Atomic Energy Canada Limited ACR-700(AECL)
AREVA/ EPRFramatome SWR 1000
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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General Electric — ESBWR Simplified the design
• Less equipment and buildings• Shorter construction times• Reduced operation and
maintenance costs Improved plant performance and safety
• Gives operational flexibility• Easier to get regulatory approval
Designed to U.S. and European requirements
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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Westinghouse — AP 1000 Passive safety systems permit
simplification and improve safety Modularization reduces construction
to 36 months NRC design certification provides
regulatory certainty:• AP 600 — December 1999• AP 1000 — August 2005 Westinghouse
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL) — ACR-700 Evolution of CANDU 6 design (Qinshan) Safe, economical design 40 months from first concrete
to fuel load for 1st unit Currently in NRC
pre-application review
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR
Four loop RCS design
Four train safety systems
In-containment borated water storage
RCS depressurization system
Separate buildings for safety trains
Advanced “cockpit” control room
48 months from first concrete to CO
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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AREVA/Framatome ANP — SWR 1000
Improved safety margin
Improved availability
Uses existing technology
Reduced construction time
60-year service life
European utility involvement
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
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United States Perspective
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Quick facts
103 nuclear plants 20% of the nation’s electricity
U.S. Nuclear Energy
Displaces 680 million metric tons of CO2
Equivalent to 131 millionpassenger cars
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U.S. Nuclear Drivers
Safe
Proven nuclear plant performance
Cost effective
Affordable
Energy security/energy independence
Provides base load generation/grid stability
Emission free
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'82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Ca
pa
cit
y F
ac
tor
(%)
Proven Performance
Source: Energy Information Administration/Nuclear Regulatory Commission
90.7%
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Affordable ($ per MWh)
Nuclear Coal Gas
No assistance $45-$71 $33-$41 $35-$45
Engineering costs paid $31-$46 $33-$41 $35-$45
Limited production, investment
tax credit$25-$45 $33-$41 $35-$45
Source: University of Chicago6987-2/05-Michigan-50
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85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission /EUCG
Nuclear 1.72
Coal 1.8
Gas 5.77
Oil 5.53
Cost Effective(in constant cents/kWh)
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Energy Policy Act Supports nuclear energy as a major component of
national energy policy Supports
• Uprates/license renewals• Licensing of new plants
Nuclear Power 2010 program Deploys at least one new advanced
nuclear plant by 2010
Three utility-led consortiums formed to develop COL applications for new U.S. reactors
Congress
DOE
Utilities
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Source: Bisconti Research Inc.
Increasing Public Support
Important
for our energy
future
80%
Keep the option
to build nuclear plants
71%
Definitely build
nuclear plants in
future
60%
Accept new
reactors at nearest
plant
62%
Favor use of nuclear
energy
67%
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival — License Renewals
25Renewal
Intent
30Granted
32Not
Announced
16In NRCReview
RenewalApplication
RenewalApplication
RenewalApplication
RenewalApplication
RenewalApplication
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Browns Ferry #1 restart
Tennessee Valley Authority
• 1,280 MWe
• Applied for 20-year license renewal
• Ahead of schedule
• Under budget
Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
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Utility consortiums formed in response to DOE’s NP-2010 solicitation NuStart Energy Development, LLC Dominion-led TVA-led
Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
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New U.S. Licensing Process
Early site approval
Design certification Combined license forconstruction and operation (COL)
1
32
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Site approval obtained before company decides to build
Company “banks” site up to 20 years
Decision made, design chosen later
Greater certainty in moving forward
Early Site Permits
1
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Design Certification
Advance NRC approval for design
Lengthy delays avoided before site preparation, construction
Four designs approved to date
2
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Combined Construction and Operating License
One license for operating/ building plant
Early focus of public comment
Greater regulatory certainty
3
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Old Licensing Process
15 years
Operating License Issued Operations
Construction Permit Application
Public Comment Opportunity
Operating License ApplicationConstruction
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New Licensing Process
ConstructionConstruction Acceptance
CriteriaOperation
Combined License
Design Certification
7 years
Early Site Permit
Public Comment Opportunity
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RegulatoryCertainty
Infrastructure
Spent FuelManagement
Financials
Public andBipartisanSupport
ProvenTechnology
Build NewNuclearPlants
What Needs To Be Done
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What Needs To Be Done — New Nuclear Plants
Finalize a competitive approved design Ensure designs met new capacity needs
Create advantageous business conditions Acceptable financials return Financial incentives
Resolve uncertainties in licensing and regulations
Proven Technology
Financials
RegulatoryCertainty
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What Needs To Be Done — New Nuclear Plants
Completion of Yucca Mountain Long-term solution
Re-establishment of the nuclear infrastructure Utilities Vendors Labor
Renew public confidence Need to maintain high-performance standards Need national energy policy
Universities Government Investors
Spent FuelManagement
Infrastructure
Public andBipartisan Support
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Role of American
Nuclear Society
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Role of American Nuclear Society
Provides professional home for pioneers leading the industry
Promotes members’ contributions in the expansion of nuclear technology
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Provides forum to develop and apply technology to benefit all humanity
Serves as credible voice for exchange of nuclear information
Role of American Nuclear Society
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Through ANS professional divisions Members demonstrate the
peaceful power of the atom Members push the science
forward at topical meetings and workshops
Through ANS public policy and federal affairs Members assist:
• Government in developing sound policies
• Renewal of public confidence
Role of American Nuclear Society
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Tomorrow’s Vision Coming into Focus
Periodic table
X-rays
Cathode rays
EBR-1Reactor
MedicalIsotopes
NP 2010 Initiative
The Faces ofTomorrow
1900
1960
2004
2050
U.S.S. Nautilus
Pioneer 10
40 nuclear plants
Gen IV
Gen III+
New Build Consortiums NuStart TVA Dominion
Space
Medical
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&Questions
Answers
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The NuclearRenaissance:A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
Jim ReinschPresident, Bechtel Nuclear Power
Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy InstitutePresident-Elect, American Nuclear Society
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