1st Aero Squadron, 718K71PS launcher, 3299th Fighter Command, 14611 September 2001, 202, 26111A511 launcher, 32911A57 launcher, 32912th Air Force, 14012th Fighter Command, 14615th Air Force, 14019th Amendment to the

US Constitution, 8838th parallel, 22194th Squadron, 6796th Article of War, 12799th Pursuit Squadron (Tuskegee Airmen),

130, 147–148305th Bombardment Group, 150332nd Fighter Group, 1474080th Strategic Reconnaissance

Wing, 229418th Army Air Forces Band, 157

AAbbott, Robert S., 82–83Aberdeen Proving Grounds, 128aces, 62

Chin, Maj Arthur T., 166Fernandez, Capt Manuel “Pete”, 225Jabara, Col James, 206Rickenbacker, Edward, 67 von Richthofen, Baron Manfred,

62, 70 Aegis, 359aeolipile, 191Aerial Experiment Association, 46aerial reconnaissance, 18, 14–15, 20

Cold War, 211Cuban Missile Crisis, 229satellites, 331stealth aircraft, 255, 267unmanned air vehicles, 354–355Vietnam War, 233World War I, 122

aerial refueling, 103aerodynamic, 88Aeronautical Division, Army Signal Corps,

52, 122aeronauts, 20African-American pilots

Bluford Jr., Col Guion S., 318, 346Buffalo Soldiers, 15Bullard, Eugene, 65, 69–70Coleman, Bessie, 51, 54Davis Jr., Gen Benjamin O., 148Hall, 1st Lt Charles, 148James Jr., Gen Daniel “Chappie”, 242Jemison, Mae, 339, 34799th Pursuit Squadron (Tuskegee Airmen),

130, 147–148Aidid, Mohammed Farah, 254aileron, 46, 48air cavalry, 235Air Commerce Act, 104Air Corps Act, 125Air Defense Command (ADC), 208Air Florida, 200Air Force Combat Command, 134Air Force Cross, 266

Chapman, TSgt John, 263Cunningham, SrA Jason, 265Etchberger, CMSgt Richard, 239 Robinson, A1C William, 237Wilkinson, TSgt Timothy, 254

Air Force Cyberspace Command, 356–357Air Force Reserve, 262Air Force Space Command, 314Air National Guard, 262

Air Tasking Order, 259air traffic control, 181

controllers, 181Air Transport Command Ferrying

Division, 218airborne laser, 352Airborne Warning and Control System

(AWACS), 211Airbus Industrie, 195

Index 421

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air platforms, 360

AircraftA-6, 248A-7, 248AC-47, 240AC-130, 246AD/A-1 Skyraider, 222Aerodrome, 24Akron, 180Albatros, 68, 74Ariel, 23B-1 Lancer, 250B-2 stealth bomber, 212, 255

first combat, 276B-17 “Flying Fortress”, 127, 131–132, 151

D-Day, 159B-24 Liberator, 151B-25 Mitchell, 151, 167B-26 Marauder, 151B-29 Superfortress, 150–151B-52 bombers, 167, 211, 236, 259Beechcraft 35 Bonanza, 186Bell P-39 Airacobra, 132, 152Bell X-1, 213Bell X-2, 213Bell X-5, 250Bell XP 59-A Airacomet, 191Blériot XI monoplane, 47Boeing 1 (B-1) biplane, 107Boeing 40-A, 107Boeing 247, 108Boeing 299 (B-17), 131Boeing 307B Stratoliner, 176Boeing 314, 110Boeing 707 jet, 185, 189, 193Boeing 727 tri-jet, 194Boeing 747, 194Boeing 757, 195Boeing 767, 195Boeing B-47 bomber, 212British Comet IV, 185C-5 Galaxy, 273C-47 Skytrain “Gooney Bird”, 109, 154

Photos of, 118, 154Berlin Airlift, 217

C-54, 217C-120 Cessna, 186C-130 Hercules, 273, 275, 279C-140 Cessna, 186C-141 Starlifter, 246, 273, 277Caravelle I, 194 Cessna 140, 186Cessna 150/152, 186Cessna 182, 186

Chance-Vought F-4U Corsair, 152Chicago, 124China Clipper seaplane, 110Clippers, 110Cloudster, 179Convair 240, 178Curtiss P-36, 132Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 132, 149, 152, 166Curtiss PW-8, 124DC-1, 103DC-2, 109, 131DC-3, 109, 131, 182DC-4, 177DC-6, 173, 177

DC-6B, 177DC-7, 173, 177

DC-7B, 177DC-7C “Seven Seas”, 177

DC-8, 189, 193De Havilland Comet, 185, 188–189, 191De Havilland Mosquito, 153Douglas X-3, Stiletto, 249DT-1, 179EB-66, 236EC-121, 236EC-130, 246EF-111, 248Enola Gay, 168F-4 Phantoms, 236F-4F Wildcat, 152F-4U Corsair, 152, 222F-9F Pantherjet, 222F-14, 248F-15 Eagle, 272F-22 Raptor, 255F-35 stealth fighter, 255, 351F-51 Mustang, 222F-80 Shooting Star, 222F-84 Thunderjet, 222F-86 Sabrejet, 206, 222F-100C Super Sabre, 225F-100F Wild Weasel, 236F-104 Starfighter, 249F-105 Thunderchief, 236

F-117 Nighthawk, 248, 255, 260

Focke-Wulf 190, 153Fokker C-2, 97, 103Fokker Dr-I, 77Fokker D-VII, 62, 77Fokker monoplane, 88

Index422

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F-111 Aardvark, 248

Focke-Achgelis (FA-61), 113FF-29 Seaplane, 73

German FF-29 seaplane, 23Gloster Gladiator, 166Golden Flyer, 46Gotha IV, 73Grumman F-4F Wildcat, 152Grumman F-6F Hellcat, 152Gyroplane-Laboratoire, 112H-4 Hercules “Spruce Goose”, 175Halberstadt CL-II, 62Hawker Hurricane, 153, 156Heinkel 162 Voksjaeger, 153HH-43 helicopters, 237–238HRS-1 Sikorsky helicopter, 222HyperSoar, 353Hyper-X, 352JN-4 Jenny, 45, 84-85June Bug, 46Junkers D1, 77KC-10, 248, 260KC-135, 211, 248, 260L-049 Constellation, 172–173

Super Constellation, 178Le Grand, 48, 77, 114Lockheed C-69 Constellation, 173, 177

Super Constellation, 178Lockheed Constellation, 172–173, 177Lockheed L-1011, 195Lockheed P-38 Lightning 132, 152, 159Lockheed Vega, 97Loening amphibian planes, 88Looking Glass, 211Martin 130, 110Martin 2-0-2, 178McDonnell Douglas DC-9, 194

Super 80, 195McDonnell Douglas DC-10, 195Messerschmitt 109, 153Messerschmitt 110, 153Messerschmitt 262 Schwalbe, 153MH-47 helicopter, 263MiG-15 fighter jets, 206, 223Mitsubishi Zero, 153Model C seaplanes, 106New Orleans, 124Nieuport 28, 77OV-10, 241P-51 Mustang, 149, 152PA-28 Super Cub, 186Pelican, 354Piper Cub, 186Piper J-3 Cubs, 131Predator, 354Question Mark, 103

Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 152S-6A, 114S-40 “flying boat”, 110S-42, 110SC-1, 45SE-5A, 77Seversky P-35, 132Skytrain “Gooney Bird”, 109, 118, 154Sopwith Camel triplane, 77Spad VII, 77Spirit of St. Louis, 92, 94Spruce Goose (H-4 Hercules), 175SR-71 Blackbird, 249–250Starliner, Lockheed, 178Super Constellation, 178Super-Handley Page bomber, 77Supermarine Spitfire, 153T-28, 236Taylor E-2 Cub, 186Triple Twin, 48twin-float seaplane, 106U-2 spy planes, 211, 229UH-1 Huey, 235VS-300 helicopter, 113Vin Fiz Flyer, 51–52Wright B, 53Wright Flyer, 6, 30, 37–42X-15, 249X-43, 352X-45, 354XF-89 Scorpion, 174

aircraft carriers, 121Airey, Paul W., 160airfoil, 34airframe, 309airlift, 217Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, 197Airmail Acts

of 1925, 104of 1934, 112of 1938, 112

airmail service, 104Airnews, 185airplanes, early, 16, 20, 23

first attempts, 23–24Wright brothers and, 30–42

airscrew, 9, 22Airships

Graf Zeppelin, 180Hindenburg, 180Macon airship, 180Montgolfier hot-air balloon, 17Zeppelins, 19, 73, 180

Index 423

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airways, 181Akers, Thomas, 347Alaska, 198Aldrin, Col Edwin (Buzz), 332–334, 345all-cargo airlines, 178, 185Allies (WWI), 63Allies (WWII), 138alloy, 188Al-Qaeda, 261, 263altitude, 88America First Committee, 95America West, 198American Airlines, 67, 182

DC-3, 109American Airways, 182, 198. See also

American AirlinesAmerican Export, 185amphibian planes, Loening, 88Anderson Jr., Maj Rudolf, 229Anderson, Michael, 347angle of attack, 36annex, 129Antartica, 89Antionette, Marie, Queen of France, 17antitrust, 173apogee, 322Apollo 11, 325

moon walk, 316, 332–334Apollo 12, 325, 335Apollo 13, 325, 335Apollo 14, 325, 335Apollo 15, 325, 335Apollo 16, 325, 335Apollo 17, 325, 335Apollo, Project, 8, 308, 321Apollo-Soyuz, 337apprentice, 97appropriate, 71Apt, Jay, 347aquanaut, 322Ardennes Forest, 164Ares I, 362Aristarchus, 297Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 279Arlandes, François d’, 17arms race, 231arms, 209Armstrong, Neil, 332–334, 345Army Air Corps, 125, 129

aircraft development, 131Army Air Force, 95, 122, 132Army Air Service, 122Army General Staff, 125–126, 133

Army Reserve, 92Army Signal Corps’ Aeronautical

Division, 52, 122Arnold, Gen Henry “Hap”, 72, 129, 132

as Army Air Forces general, 134, 142asteroids, 294astronaut, 318Astronomia Nova, 298Atlantis, 338, 342Atlas rocket, 309, 327Atlas/Agena, 328Atlas/Centaur, 328atomic bombs, 168, 208Aurora VII, 322Australia, 139Austria, 129Austria-Hungary, 63autogiro, 112autonomous, 354autonomy, 134auxiliary, 120Aviation Corporation (AVCO), 182Aviation Section, Army Signal Corps,

53, 122Axis Powers (WWII), 138

BBaghdad, 259Bagian, James, 347Baker, Newton, 134Balchen, Bernt, 89Baldwin, Thomas, 45ballistic, 251Balloon Corps, 20ballooning, 18balloons, 14–18, 20–21

Balloon Corps (Civil War), 20first manned flight, 17invention of, 16reconnaissance with, 14–15, 18, 20Spanish-American War and, 14–15

Bangladesh, 280barnstormers, 84–88

polar exploration, 88–89significance of, 84–85, 90

Baruch, Bernard, 209Battle of Britain (WWII), 140–141,

155–156Battle of Kai-feng Fu, 303Battle of Midway (WWII), 166–167Battle of Saint Mihiel (WWI), 71, 74–75Battle of San Juan Hill, 14–15, 21

Index424

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Battle of the Bulge (WWII), 164Battle of the Coral Sea (WWII), 166Battles of Seringapatam, 303Beachey, Lincoln, 85Bean, Alan, 345Beech, 186Bek, Ulug, 296–297Belgium, 129Bell, Alexander Graham, 46Bendix race, 162, 225Bennett, Warrant Officer Floyd, 89Berlin Airlift, 150, 210, 214–219

aircraft used, 217candy bomber, 219cause, 214–215Tunner, Lt Gen William, 218

Berlin Blockade. See Berlin AirliftBerliner, Emile and Henry, 50Bernoulli, Daniel, 11–12

Bernouillian lift, 12bid, 41biplane, 23, 47

Wright brothers, 38–40Blériot, Louis, 47blind flight, 99blitzkrieg, 143, 145Bluford Jr., Col Guion S., 318, 346Bobko, Karol, 346Boeing Air Transport, 106Boeing Airplane Company, 106. See also

Boeing Air Transport Boeing Delta IV, 359Boeing, William E., 106–107Bolden, Charles, 346–347bombers, 76, 151bombing. See also missiles

atomic, 168, 208formation pattern, 149long-range, 146precision daylight, 132, 149smart bombs, 251Super-Handley Page, 77WWI, 72–73, 75

bombsights, 128, 156boom, 50Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, 10Bosnia, 275Boston Air Meet, 57bracing, 32Brahe, Tycho, 298Brand, Vance, 345Brandenstein, Daniel, 347Branstein, Daniel, 346

Bréguet, Louis, 50, 112Brett, Maj Gen George, 134Britain in WWII, 139British Air Transport Auxiliary, 162British Imperial Airways, 185British Overseas Airways Corporation, 191British Royal Flying Corps (RFC), 73Bronze Star, 266

Lynn, CMSgt Kevin, 269Brown, Curtis, 347Brown, David, 347Brown, Margery, 88Buchli, James, 346Buffalo Soldiers, 15Bulgaria, 139Bullard, Eugene, 65, 69–70buoyancy, 16Bureau of Air Commerce, 112Bureau of Air Mail, 112Burge, Private 1st Class Vernon, 52–53Burr, Donald, 197Bush, George H.W., 248Byrd, Rear Adm Richard E., 88–89

CC2s, 360Callisto, 291Canada, 139Canadarm2, 349canard configuration, 33cargo airlines, 178Carpenter, Cmdr Scott, 320, 322, 345Carter, Jimmy, 197, 243Casper, John, 347Cassini, 331casualties, 137catapults, 10Cayley, Sir George, 22center of pressure, 34Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 208

Project Heavy Green, 239Central Powers (WWI), 63Ceres, 294Cernan, Eugene, 345Cessna Aircraft, 186Chaffee, Roger, 325Challenger, 318, 338, 342

accident, 344Chang-Diaz, Franklin, 347Chanute, Octave, 32Chapman, TSgt John, 263Charles, J.A.C., 18

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Charon, 293–294Chawla, Kalpana, 347Cherokee, 82Cheung, Katherine Sui Fun, 101Chicago Weekly Defender, 82Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

(CMSAF), 160Chilton, Gen Kevin P., 314, 343, 347Chin, Maj Arthur T., 166China, 139Chinese kites, 7–8Choctaw, 82Cierva, Juan de la, 112circuit, 98Civil Aeronautics Administration

(CAA), 181as Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 199

Civil Aeronautics Authority War TrainingService, 130

Civil Aeronautics Authority, 112, 181Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), 181

as Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 199deregulation, 197

Civil Air Patrol (CAP), 186, 280civil aviation promotion, 94Civil War, 14civilian flight schools, 129–130Civilian Pilot Training Program, 130

Piper J-3 Cubs, 131Clark Field, 127Clark, Julia, 59Clark, Laurel, 347classified, 255Clausewitz, Carl von, 259Clay, Gen Lucius, 217–218coalition, 257Cochran, Jacqueline, 161, 162cockpit, 48Cold War, 209–210

aircraft developments, 249–250Berlin Airlift, 215–219end of, 252missile and nuclear developments,

251–252Coleman, Bessie, 51, 54, 82–85

barnstormer, 85Collins, Col Eileen, 340, 347Collins, Lt Michael, 332–334, 345Colonel James Jabara Airport, 206Colonial Air, 190colony, 221Columbia, 338, 342

accident, 344

combat box formation, 149combined arms, 143comets, 294commercial aircraft, 177

advances, 174–176commercial airlines, 104, 182–185

all-cargo or freight, 178, 185deregulation of, 197–198first flights, 181jets and, 196–199regulation of, 181, 199transatlantic service, 185

Communication Satellite System, 330Communist Party, 139components, 307Confederates, 21configurations, 196Congressional Medal of Honor. See Medal

of HonorCongreve, Col William, 303Conrad, Charles, 323, 345consortium, 195constellations, 295Continental, 198control, 309, 311control, directional, 10Coolidge, Calvin, 125Cooper, Jr., Maj L. Gordon, 314, 320,

323, 345Copernicus, Nicolaus, 286–288, 297–298Corn, Joseph, 90Cornu, Paul, 50corps, defined, 129cosmonaut, 326court-martial, 127cowling, 108crankshaft, 49Crippen, Robert, 345–346Crissy Field, California, 99Croatia, 275Croix de Guerre, 69cruise missiles, 251Cuban Missile Crisis, 229–231

blockade, 231cause of, 229

Cunningham, SrA Jason, 265Curtiss, Glenn, 44–47

Aircraft company, 45, 71, 78, 84awards, 46engines, 45Flying School, 59

Curtiss’ Wasp, 45cyberspace, 356–357

Index426

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DDa Vinci, Leonardo, designer of

airscrew, 9glider, 10helicopter, 9, 112parachute, 9

Daedalus, 7Davis Jr., Lt Col George A., 226Davis, David R., 179Davis, Gen Benjamin O., 148Davis, N. Jan, 347Davis-Douglas Co., 179. See also Douglas

AircraftDayton Accords, 275D-Day, 141, 157, 159–160De Gaulle, Charles, 70death camps, 138deep space, 361Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, 331Defense Support Program (DSP), 331De la Roche, Raymonde, 58Delta Airlines, 198Delta rockets, 327–328Demos, 291Denmark, 139Department of Commerce, 112

commercial aviation regulation agencies, 181

Department of Defense, 208Department of the Air Force, creation of, 208Department of the Army, creation of, 208Department of the Navy, creation of, 208Department of Transportation (DOT), 199Depression, 129, 179Derby, Lt Col George M., 14Dern, George H., 134Desert Storm. See Operation Desert StormDestiny Laboratory, 349Deutsch, Henri, 19directional control, 10dirigibles, 16, 18–19

invention of, 18rigid, 19SC-1 (US Army’s first), 45

Discovery, 318, 338Distinguished Service Cross, 140, 206, 226Division of Military Aeronautics,

Secretary of War, 122dogfight, 74Doolittle, Lt Gen James “Jimmy” Harold,

99–100, 151Tokyo raid (WWII), 167

Dorand, René, 112Douglas Aircraft Company, 109, 173.

See also DC planesfounding of, 179

Douglas Sr., Donald Wills, 179drag, 22Drum, Maj Gen Hugh, 134Duke, Charles, 345dwarf planets, 293dynamic lift, 12

EEagle, 332Eaker, Capt Ira C., 103Earhart, Amelia, 97–98

Ninety-Nines club and, 164Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, 331Earth, 290Eastern Air Transport, 67, 182–183Eastern Airlines, 67, 182–183Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt, 293Eichstadt, Konrad Kyeser von, 303Eighth Air Force, 140Eisenhower, Dwight D., 95, 146electric motor, 18elevator, 33elliptical, 290, 294Ely, Eugene, 47embargo, 165Emmons, Lt Gen Delos C., 134Endeavour, 338, 342engines. See also internal-combustion

engines and steam enginesCurtiss, 45jet, 191–193multiengine planes, 48radial placement, 49ramjet, 353reciprocating, 192rotary, 49tandem placement, 48weight, 49

Engle, Joseph, 346English Channel, Lindbergh

crossing, 93enlisted pilots, 72, 154 Enterprise, 338, 342enthusiasts, 88epicycles, 287equator, 98Erwin, SSgt Henry E., 136Escadrille Américaine, 65

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escadrille, defined, 65escort, 159Esnault-Pelterie, Robert, 48Estonia, 139Etchberger, CMSgt Richard, 239Ethopia, 139Europa, 291European Space Agency, 332Evans, Ronald, 345Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle

(EELV), 359Executive Order 9981, 147Expedition 1, 348expendable launch, 327Explorer 1, 306, 313, 319, 331

FFabian, John, 346Faith VII, 323falling stars, 295Fascist, 139Father of Modern Aviation, 23Federal Aviation Act of 1958, 199Federal Aviation Agency, 146

CAA and CAB takeovers, 199Federal Express, 185female pilots and astronauts. See women

in aviationFerdinand, Archduke Franz, 63Fernandez, Capt Manuel “Pete”, 225fighters, 76–77, 152–153Finland, 139Firman, Armen, 7First Air Defense Wing, 146first stage, 329Fisk, TSgt Wayne, 242Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 70fixed wing, 22flight simulator, 101flight, 143flight, ancient attempts at, 7flying circuses, 84. See also barnstormersFlying Tiger, 185Foale, Michael, 347Focke, Dr. Heinrich, 113Fogleman, Gen Ronald R., 280Fokker, Anthony, 74

as mentor, 83Fonck, René, 62Ford Island, 127Ford Motor Company, 95Foreign Legion, 65

formation pattern bombing, 149combat box formation, 149

Fort Bliss, 307Fort Myer, Virginia, 102Fort Sam, Houston, 133Fortin, Paul, 11Foulois, Maj Gen Benjamin, 42, 52

independent air force advocate, 133France in WWII, 139. See also D-DayFranklin, Benjamin, 18free market, 197Freedom VII, 321freight airlines, 178, 185French Air Service, 69French Foreign Legion, 65French sateen, 34French-American Aeroplane Company, 56Friendship VII, 322Friendship, 97From the Earth to the Moon, 305–306Frye, William John (Jack), 184fuselage, 48

GGaffney, F. Drew, 347Gagarin, Yuri, 326galaxy, 289Galilei, Galileo, 291

contributions, 299–300tides, 300

Galileo probe, 331, 342Galileo. See Galilei, GalileoGalland, Lt Gen Adolf, 165GAM 63 Rascal, 251–252Ganymede, 291Gardner, Dale, 346Garriot, Owen, 346Garros, Roland, 74gasoline-powered internal-combustion

engine, 18Gemini V, 323Gemini VI, 323Gemini VII, 323Gemini X, 334general aviation, 186General Electric, 191

missile development, 307General Headquarters Air Force (GHQ), 134General Motors Fokker Aircraft Company, 67Geneva Accords of 1954, 232–233geocentric, 286geosynchronous, 290

Index428

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German Imperial Air Service, 70Germany in WWII, 139Gibson, Robert, 347Giffard dirigible, 18Giffard, Henri, 18Gift from the Sea, 96Glenn L. Martin Company, 110Glenn, Col John H., 222, 320, 322, 345gliders, 10, 22–23

Wright brothers, 33–34Global Positioning System (GPS), 330, 358Gnome rotary engine, 49Goddard, Robert H., 302–304

rockets, liquid, 304Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 180Gorbachev, Mikhail, 252Gordon Bennett trophy, 46Gordon, Louis, 97Gordon, Richard, 345GPS (Global Positioning System), 330, 358Grabe, Ronald, 346grades, 123Graham Bell, Alexander, 46gravity, 289Great Circle Route, 96Great Dark Spot, 293Great Depression, 129, 179Great Red Spot, 291Greece, 139Greely, Brig Gen Adolphus V., 21Greenland, 89Gregory, Frederick, 346Griffin, Michael, 361Grissom, Lt Col Virgil I. (Gus),

314, 320–321, 345ground effect, 354Ground Mobile-3 (GM-3), 360guerrilla warfare, 233Guest, Amy Phipps, 97Guggenheim Medal, 107guidance, 309, 311Gulf War. See Operation Desert Stormgun, machine, 67, 74gunpowder, 8Gusmão, Laurenço de, 16Gutierrez, Col Sidney, 343, 347

Hhacker, 356Haenlein, Paul, 19Haise, Fred, 335, 345Haiti, 279

Hale-Bopp comet, 294Hall, 1st Lt Charles, 148Halley’s comet, 294Halverson, 1st Lt Harry A., 103Halvorsen, 1st Lt Gail, 219Harbaugh, Gregory, 347Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, 97Harris, Bernard, 347Hauck, Frederick, 346Hawley, Steven, 346Hearst, William Randolph, 51, 88heavier-than-air craft 16. See also

airplanes, gliders and jetsHeib, Richard, 347helicopters, 22, 50. See also

Sikorsky, Igorcivilian use, 114development of, 112–113military use, 114

heliocentric, 287–288helium, 18Hellfire missile, 262Hell’s Angels, 174Helms, Susan, 347–348Hemingway, Ernest, 70Henry E. Erwin Outstanding Enlisted Aircrew

Member of the Year Award, 136Henry, Joseph, 20Henson, W.S., 23Hero of Alexandria, 191Herring, Augustus, 32Herzegovina, 275Hilmers, David, 346Hiroshima, 168Hitler, Adolf, 138Holocaust, 138Hoo, Wan, 8Hooe, SSgt Roy W., 103Hopkins, 2d Lt Joseph G., 103horsepower, 18hot-air balloons. See balloonsHoyt, Capt Ross G., 103Hsin, Han, 8Hubbard, Eddie, 107Hubble Space Telescope, 331Hughes Aircraft, 172Hughes Jr., Howard R., 172–175

and Constellation, 174as moviemaker, 174and “Spruce Goose”, 175

Hughes Toolco, 172Hughes-Fulford, Mille, 347Hulbert, Murray, 60

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Humphreys, 2d Lt Frederic E., 42Hundred Years’ War, 303Hungary, 139Hurricane Andrew, 280Hurricane Katrina, 280

helicopter use, 114Husband, Rick, 347Hussein, Saddam, 257, 267, 272Hyakutake comet, 294hydrogen, 18hypersonic air vehicles, 352hypersonic, defined, 352hypothesis, 287

IIcarus, 7Il-Sung, Kim, 221incendiary bombs, 167incentives, 108incompetent, 127India, 139induced lift, 12inertia, 308infantry, 141insurgents, 267interdiction, 145internal-combustion engine, 19International Geophysical Year, 312International Space Station (ISS),

314, 348–249international waters, 232Internet, 356Io, 291Iraq, 257Irish Sea, 93Irwin, James, 345isolationist, 141Italy, 139

JJacobson, A1C Elizabeth, 270James Jr., Gen Daniel “Chappie”, 242Japan, 139Jarvis, Gregory, 346Jemison, Mae, 339, 347Jernigan, Tamara, 347jet engine, 188, 191–193 jet lag, 196Jet Pilot film, 174Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 313, 339JetBlue, 198

jets, 16, 188–196 commercial impact of, 196–199engines, 188, 191–193jumbo, 194

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 270jumbo jets, 194jumpsuit, 57Junkers, Hugo, 77Juno 1, 313Jupiter, 291

KKaiser, Henry, 174keel, 19Kelliher, Herb, 199Kelly, 1st Lt Oakley, 124Kennedy, John F., 231Kepler, Johannes, 298–299

contributions, 299Keys, Clement, 182Khrushchev, Nikita, 231, 312King of Portugal, 16King, Rollin, 199kites, 7–8Komarov, Vladimir, 327Korean War, 210

aircraft used in, 221–222cause of, 221helicopter use in, 114

Kosovo, 276Krikalev, Sergei, 347Kuhn, Thomas S., 288Kurds, 272Kuwait, 257

LLafayette Escadrille, 65Lafayette, Marquis de, 65Lahm, 1st Lt Frank P., 42, 53Laika, 312, 319Lance P. Sijan Award, 228LANDSAT (land satellite), 331Langley Air Force Base, 24Langley, Dr. Samuel Pierpont, 24lateral balance, 46lateral turns, 32latitude, 221Latvia, 139launch vehicles

Soviet, 329US, 327–328

Index430

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laws of motion, 12Le Bourget Airport, 93Lee, Mark, 347legend, 8Legion of Merit, 102LeMay, Gen Curtis E., 149–150

Berlin Airlift, 217Leningrad siege (St. Petersburg), 139Leonov, Alexei, 326Leslie’s Weekly, 56Levitow, A1C John, 240Liberty Bell VII, 321Libya, 247Lichtenberg, Byron, 346lift, 18

Bernouillian, 12dynamic, 12induced, 12Newtonian, 12

lighter-than-air craft 16. See also balloonsand dirigibles

light-year, 294Lilienthal, Otto, 23, 33limited war, 221, 225Lincoln, Abraham, 20Lind, Don, 346Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 94, 96Lindbergh, Charles A.

Anne Morrow, wife of, 94, 96barnstormer, 87transatlantic flight, 92–94

Listen: The Wind, 96Lithuania, 139Lockheed Martin Atlas V, 359logistics, 134Londonderry, Northern Ireland, 98Long Island Airways, 190Long-Range Raid (WWI), 72Louis XVI, King of France, 17Love, Nancy Harkness, 161, 163, 218Lovell, James, 335, 345Lowe, Thaddeus, 20Lucky Lindy, 95. See also Lindbergh,

Charles A.Lufbery, Raoul, 66Luftwaffe, 141, 143

Battle of the Bulge, 165blitzkrieg, 145

Luke, 2d Lt Frank, 68Luna 2 and 3, 332lunar roving vehicle (LRV), 335lunar, 321Lynn, CMSgt Kevin, 269

MMacArthur, Gen Douglas, 221Mach Riders of Nellis Air Force Base, 225mach, 213machine guns, 67, 74Mackay Trophy, 241Macready, 1st Lt John, 124Madole, Glenn, 52mail. See airmail servicemainstream, 100Malta, 145manned flight, first, 17Mannock, Edward, 62Mariner 10, 289Mars, 291

space colony, 363Marshall Plan, 210Marshall Space Flight Center, 306Marshall, George, 210Marsnik, 332Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 179materiel, 156Mattingly, Thomas, 345–346Maughan, 1st Lt Russell, 124Maxfield, Lt Col Joseph E., 14McAuliffe, Christa, 346McCandless, Bruce, 346McCool, Willie, 347McDivitt, James, 345McDonnell Douglas, 194McMonagle, Donald, 347McNair, Ronald, 346Medal of Honor, 266

Bennett, Warrant Officer Floyd, 89Byrd, Rear Adm Richard E., 89Davis Jr., Lt Col George A., 226Doolittle, Lt Gen James “Jimmy”

Harold, 100Erwin, SSgt Henry E., 136Levitow, A1C John, 240Pitsenbarger, A1C William, 238Rickenbacker, Edward, 62Sijan, Capt Lance, 228

Mediterranean, 145Melnick, Bruce, 347mentor, 83Merbold, Ulf, 346Mercury astronauts, 314, 320–327Mercury, 289metal fatigue, 191meteorites, 295meteors, 295

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meteroids, 295milestone, 94military coup, 279Miller, Maj Glenn, 157Milosevic, Slobodan, 275–276Minh, Ho Chi, 232Mir, 337missile defense, 358–359missiles, 211

ballistic, 251cruise, 251defense, 358–359 GAM 63 Rascal, 251–252Hellfire, 262intercontinental ballistic missile

(ICBM), 210mission specialist, 318Northrup SM 62 Snark, 251–252in spacecraft, 327submarine-launched ballistic missile

(SLBM), 210surface-to-air (SAM), 229warhead, 251

Mitchell, Brig Gen William “Billy”, 67Army Staff College, 126Battle of Saint Mihiel, 71, 74, 78, 123campaign for Army Air Service, 78,

120–121, 123–127George Washington University, 126Wisconsin Volunteers, 126

Mitchell, Edgar, 345module, 326Mohri, Mamoru, 347Moisant, John, 56Moisant, Matilde, 57–58monoplane

fighter, 77first design, 23powered, 47

Montenegro, 275Montgolfier gas, 17Montgolfier, Étienne and Joseph, 17Montgomery, John J., 23moon

Earth’s, 290, 325Jupiter’s, 291Mars’, 291Neptune’s, 293Pluto’s, 293Saturn’s, 292Uranus’, 292

Moon, 1st Lt Odas, 103Morrow Board, 125

Moseley, Gen T. Michael, 271motor. See electric motorMQ-1 Predator, 262multiengine planes, 48muslin, 38Mussolini, Benito, 139Myers, Capt David A., 99Myers, Gen Richard, 270myth, 7

NNagasaki, 168nanotechnology, 355nano-UAV, 355Napoleonic Wars, 303NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, 306National Advisory Committee for

Aeronautics, 87National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA), 87creation of, 313, 319

National Air Lines, 185National Air Marking Program, 164National Defense Acts

of 3 June 1916, 72of 1920, 123

National Military Establishment, 208National Security Act of 1947, 134, 207–208National Security Council, 208National Socialist Party, 138National Transportation Safety Board

(NTSB), 199–200NAVSTAR (Navigation Signal Timing

and Ranging), 330Nazis, 138Neptune, 293Nero, Sgt Ulysses S., 125

bombadier, 128inventor, 128

Netherlands, 139neutral, 239New Zealand, 139Newton, Isaac, 11–12

laws of motion, 12, 308Newtonian lift, 12

Newton, Sir Isaac, 300Newtonian lift, 12Newton’s laws of motion, 12, 308Ninety-Nines club, 101, 164Nixon, Richard, 234, 240no-fly zone, 272non-rigid craft, 19

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Noonan, Frederick, 98Norden Mark XV, 132, 156Noriega, Manuel, 248Normandy, 159. See also D-DayNorth American Aerospace Defense

Command (NORAD), 262North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO), 210Operation Allied Force, 271, 276Operation Deliberate Force, 271, 276Operation Deny Flight, 271, 276West German acceptance, 243

North Pole flight, 88North to the Orient, 96Northern Ireland and Amelia Earhart, 98Northrop SM62 Snark, 251–252Northwest, 198nuclear deterrence, 208nuclear war, 229

OOberth, Hermann, 304–305observation aircraft, 76observatory, 297occupation, 141Ocker, Sgt William C., 99, 102

Doris Ocker, widow of, 102O’Connor, Bryan, 347Odlum, Floyd Bostwick, 162O’Hare Airport, 196Olds, Lt Col Robert, 161Omlie, Phoebe Fairgrave, 87On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, 288Onizuka, Col Ellison, 344, 346Oort Cloud, 294Operation Allied Force, 271, 276Operation Anaconda, 263, 265Operation Deliberate Force, 271, 276Operation Deny Flight, 271, 276Operation Desert Shield, 257–260

end of, 259Operation Desert Storm, 257–260

end of, 259Operation Eagle Claw, 243–244Operation El Dorado Canyon, 247–248

aircraft used, 248, 250Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF),

261–262, 271unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and, 355

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), 267–271precision weapons used, 268

Operation Just Cause, 248

Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), 262, 271, 358Operation Northern Watch, 271–272Operation Overlord, 159Operation Provide Comfort, 271–272Operation Provide Hope, 271, 273Operation Provide Promise, 271, 275Operation Provide Relief, 271, 277Operation Restore Hope/Restore Hope II,

271, 277–278Operation Rolling Thunder, 234Operation Shining Hope, 271, 276Operation Southern Watch, 271–272Operation Uphold Democracy, 271, 279Operation Urgent Fury, 245–246Operation Vittles, 217Operations Linebacker I and II, 234–235, 238orbit, 289orbital flight, 320Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), 360ordnance, 125Orion, 361–362ornithopter, 10Orteig, Raymond, prize, 88, 92Ostfriesland, 120–121, 123outrigger, 113overhaul, 128Overmyer, Robert, 346

PPAC-3, 359Pailes, Maj William, 341, 346Pan American Airways, 110

jet service, 188–189Panama Defense Forces (PDF), 248parachutes

first attempt, 7first design, 9

paratroopersin Operation Just Cause, 248in WWII, 159

Parker, Robert, 346patent, 23, 41

jet engine, 191Paul II, Pope John, 299payload, defined, 307Payton, Gary, 346Pearl Harbor attack, 127, 137–138Pentagon, 261People Express, 197perigee, 322Pershing, Gen John J., 71Philippine Insurrection, 102

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Phillips, W.H., 50, 112Phobos, 291pilots, female. See women in aviationPioneer probe, 331pioneers, female. See women in aviationPitcairn Aviation, 182pitch, 33Pitsenbarger, A1C William, 238planes. See early airplanes, biplanes,

monoplanes, or aircraftPluto, 293–294Pluto-Kuiper Express, 294Poland, 139Polo, Marco, 8porthole, 48Portland Chinese Aero Club, 166Portugal, King of, 16Post Office Department, 104Pourpe, Marc, 66POW, 228

Airey, TSgt Paul W., 160Robinson, A1C William, 237Son Tay POW camp, 242

Pratt and Whitney, 184precision daylight bombing, 132, 149precision weapons, 262, 268

GBU-38, 268GBU-39, 268smart bombs, 251

Presidential Medal of Freedom, 100, 270pressurized cabins, 175–176

Boeing 307 Stratoliner, 176, 184printing presses, 16prisoner of war. See POWprobe, 331Project Apollo, 325Project Explorer, 313Project Gemini, 324Project Heavy Green, 239Project Mercury, 320. See also

Mercury astronautspropellant, 310propulsion, 193

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 313in rockets, 309–310

Ptolemaic system, 295Ptolemy, Claudius, 286, 295public awareness of aviation, 84, 86, 90Pullman sleepers, 183pursuit aircraft, 129

first aircraft, 132Putnam, George, 98pylons, 56

QQuesada, Lt Gen Elwood R. “Pete”, 103, 146

as chief of FAA, 199close air support, 146

Quest Airlock, 349Quick Reaction Force, 265Quimby, Harriet, 56–57

RR-7 (8K71), 329R-7 (8K72), 329R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile

(ICBM), 329radar, 155, 175

Project Heavy Green, 239radial engine placement, 49Raiche, Bessica Medlar, 56Raiche, François, 56ramjet, 353Ramon, Ilan, 347Rangers, 331ranks. See gradesReagan, Ronald, 100

Operation Eagle Claw, 244Operation Eagle Fury, 245

reciprocating engine, 192reconnaissance. See aerial reconnaissanceRed Baron, 70. See also von Richthofen,

Baron Manfredrefueling, aerial, 103Reightler, Kenneth, 347Reitsch, Hanna, 113relative wind, 36Reorganization Act of 1920, 122Reserve, Army, 92Resnick, Judith, 346Resolution 660, 257Resolution 678, 257retractable, 108reusable launch, 327Revolutionary War, 65revolves, 289Rheims Air Meet, 46ribs, 38Richmond, Virginia, 182Richter, 1st Lt J.P., 103Rickenbacker, Edward, 62, 66–67

Eastern Airlines, 183Ride, Sally, 343, 346rigid craft, 19

airships, 180

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rigid dirigibles, 19Robinson, A1C William, 237rocket engine, 307, 309rockets, 8, 303, 327

principles of, 307–309Saturn, 306

Rodgers, Calbraith Perry, 51, 88Rodman Wanamaker Trophy, 58Roman Catholic Church, 286Romania, 139Roosa, Stuart, 345Roosevelt Field, 92Roosevelt, Eleanor, 161Roosevelt, Franklin D., 98, 129, 168Roosevelt, Theodore (Teddy), 16Rosendahl, Lt Cmdr Charles E., 180rotary-wing aircraft, 50rotates, 289rotors, 50Rough Riders, 15–16Royal Air Force (British), 73

World War II, 140, 145Royal Naval Air Service, 73Rozier, Pilatre de, 17rudders, 18, 36Runco, Mario, 347Russia, 139Russian Revolution, 138Ryan Aircraft, Inc, 92

SS.S. Mayaguez, 241sabotage, 137safety, civilian, 199–200Sakigake, 332Salyut 1 and 7, 337San Francisco earthquake, 23San Juan Hill. See Battle of

San Juan HillSantos-Dumont, Alberto, 19sateen, French, 34satellites, 211

communication, 330navigation, 330observation, 331scientific, 331Soviet, 332

Saturn 1B, 328Saturn rockets, 306Saturn V, 306, 308, 328Saturn, 292Saudi Arabia, 257

scheduled airlines, 109Schirra, Capt Walter, 320, 323, 345Schmitt, Harrison, 345Scientific American trophy, 46Scobee, Francis, 346Scott, Blanche Stuart, 51, 54Scott, David, 345Scott, Gen Winfield, 20Scout, 328scramjet, 353secede, 275second stage, 329secretary of defense, first, 208Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne,

356–357Seddon, M. Rhea, 347Sega, Maj Gen Ronald, 341, 347Seguin, Laurent and Gustav, 49Selfridge, 1st Lt Thomas, 42Senate Military Affairs Committee, 133Serbia, 63, 275Shaw, Brewster, 346Shepard, Rear Adm Alan, 320–321, 345shooting stars, 295Short brothers, Eustace, Howard

and Oswald, 48Shriver, Loren, 346shuttles, 338

crew positions, 340Sicily, 157Sigma VII, 323Sijan Hall, 228Sijan, Capt Lance, 228Sikorsky Aero Engineering

Corporation, 114Sikorsky, Igor, 48, 77Silver Star, 266

Fisk, TSgt Wayne, 242Undorf, Maj Robert, 241

skids, 39Skylab, 336–337Slayton, Maj Donald K. (Deke), 314,

320, 323, 345Slick airline, 185Slovenia, 275smart bombs, 251Smith, 1st Lt Lowell H., 103Smith, Cyrus R., 182Smith, Fred, 185Smith, Michael, 346Smithsonian Institution, 20, 304solar system, 286–289solitary confinement, 237

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solo, female flight, 55Solter, 2d Lt Andrew F., 103Somalia, 277Son Tay POW camp, 242sortie, 260South Africa, 139South Pacific, 98South Pole flight, 88Southwest Airlines, 198–199Soviet Union, 209Soyuz 1, 4 and 5, 327Soyuz, 326–327, 329Spaatz, Gen Carl “Tooey”, 103, 140

Air Force chief of staff, 208Space Act of 1958, 313Space Command, 314Space Maneuver Vehicle, 360space race, 312–314

moon walk, 333Space Shuttle, 328Spacelab, 337–339Spanish-American War, 14

Ocker, Sgt William C., 102spars, 38spatial disorientation, 99spectators, 84speculative, 305Sperry, Elmer, 100Sputnik 1, 306, 312, 332Sputnik 2, 312, 319squadron, 143St. Petersburg siege, 139Stafford, Thomas, 345stalemate, 71Stalin, Joseph, 139stealth aircraft, 255, 267Stewart, Robert, 346Stinson family

brothers, Eddie and Jack, 59mother, Emma, 60sisters, Katherine and Marjorie, 59–60

stockholder, 172strafe, 75Strategic Air Command (SAC), 150, 208strategic attacks, 72, 141, 146Strategic Triad, 210streamlining, 9stressed skin, 108Strickland, 1st Lt Auby C., 103Stringfellow, John, 23strut, 32struts, 173Stultz, Wilmer, 97

suborbital flight, 320subsidy, 108Sud-Est Aviation, 194Suez Canal, 145Suisei, 332Sullivan, Kathryn, 346Sumwalt III, Robert L., 200sun, 289sunspots, 299superpower, 257surface-to-air missile (SAM), 229surveillance. See aerial reconnaissanceSurveyor 3, 335swallows of death, 69Swift-Tuttle comet, 294Swigert, John, 335, 345Symington, Stuart, 208Syndicate for Gyroplane Studies, 112

TTactical Air Command (TAC), 146, 202tactical, 145tail rotor, 113Taliban, 261, 263tandem engine placement, 48Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders.

See Rough RidersTelstar 1, 330Tereshkova, Valentina, 326Tet Offensive, 234tethered flight, 113Thagard, Norman, 346The Winged Gospel quote, 90theater, 140third law, 12Thirty Years’ War, 303Thor, 328Thor-Delta, 328Thornton, Kathryn, 347Thornton, William, 346thrust, 22

in jet engines, 193Thuot, Pierre, 347Tibbets Jr., Col Paul W., 168Tiros 1, 331Titan II rockets, 327Titan, 292

rockets, 327Titan II rockets, 327Titian III-E/Centaur, 328Titov, Vladimir, 347Tomb of the Unknown French Soldier, 69

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 232torque, 50totalitarianism, 311Trans World Airlines. See also

Transcontinental and Western Air(TWA)

transatlantic flight, 88–89commercial, 185

Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT), 183Transcontinental and Western Airlines

(TWA), 109, 183–184Hughes, Howard R. and, 172–175Trans World Airlines, 172

transcontinental, 97transports, 154treasonable, 127Treaty of Versailles, 143tri-jet, 194Trippe, Juan, 188–189, 190Triton, 293Truly, Richard, 346Truman, Harry S., 130, 147, 168Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich, 303Tunner, Col William, 163

Berlin Airlift, 217–218turbine engine, 192. See also jet engineTuskegee Airmen, 130, 147–148

UU.S. Airlines, 185U.S.S.R., 139U-boats, 63Undorf, Maj Robert, 241Union Army, 20Union (Civil War), 20United Aircraft and Transport

Corporation, 184United Aircraft Corporation, 95, 184United Airlines, 108, 198

jet service, 194United Flight 93, 202United Nations (UN), 209

Korean War and, 221, 223United States Air Service, 65United States in WWII, 139United States Naval Academy

Byrd, Rear Adm Richard E., 89Douglas Sr., Donald Wills, 179

Unity, 349unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), 354

micro-UAVs, 355upper stages, 329

Uranus, 292US Air Force, 122, 134

in Europe, 150US Air Service, 65US Airways, 198US Army Air Force, 95, 122, 134US Army Signal Corps, 14

Aeronautical Division, 52, 122Aviation Section, 53, 122balloon section, 21

US Coast Guard helicopter use, 114US global interventions, 1990–2006, 271US Special Operations Command, 244US Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 140USS Arizona, 137USS California, 137USS Hornet, 100, 167USS Lexington, 166USS Maddox, 232USS New Jersey, 125USS Nimitz, 243USS Oklahoma, 137USS Pennsylvania, 47USS Shenandoah, 180USS Virginia, 125USS West Virginia, 137

VV-1 rocket, 305V-2 ballistic missile, 251, 306V-2 rocket, 305van den Berg, Lodewijk, 346Vanguard, 312–313Vega 1 and 2, 332Venera, 332Venus, 290Verne, Jules, 305–306Veterans Administration, 136Viet Cong, 233Vietnam War, 232–242

aircraft used, 235–236cause of, 232end of, 235helicopter use, 114, 235, 237–238POWs, 237, 242

Vietnamese Air Force (VNAF), 233Villa, Pancho, 128Vin Fiz, 51virtual, 356von Braun, Wernher, 306–307, 313von Richthofen, Baron Manfred, 62, 70Voskhod 1 and 2, 326

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Voskhod, 326, 329Voss, Janice, 347Vostok, 326, 329Vostok 1, 326Vostok 6, 326Voyagers 1 and 2, 331

WWall Street Journal, 182Wang, Taylor, 339War of 1812, 303warhead, 251warp, 32Warsaw Pact, 211Washington Post, 200Watt, James, 18Wayne, John, 174weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 267weight, 193Weighted Airman Promotion System, 160Western Air Express, 183Western Allies, 215Westervelt, George Conrad, 106Wetherbee, James D., 347White Sands Proving Ground, 307White, Ed, 324–325, 345Whittle, Frank, 191Wilkinson, TSgt Timothy, 254Willard, William P., 57Wilson, Woodrow, 63

Army Air Service, 122–123wind tunnel, 35wings, 7wing-walking, 86wing-warping, 32women in aviation

Cheung, Katherine Sui Fun, 101Clark, Julia, 59Coleman, Bessie, 51, 54, 82–85de Laroche, Raymonde, 58Earhart, Amelia, 97–98fashion and, 57Ninety-Nines club, 101, 164Omlie, Phoebe Fairgrave, 87Quimby, Harriet, 56–57Raiche, Bessica Medlar, 56Reitsch, Hanna, 113Ride, Sally, 343

Scott, Blanche Stuart, 51, 54–55Stinson, Katherine and Marjorie, 59–60Tereshkova, Valentina, 326

Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), 161

Women’s Auxiliary Ferry Squadron (WAFS),161, 163, 218

Women’s Flying Training Detachment(WFTD), 161, 162

Woodring, 2d Lt Irvin A., 103Worden, Alfred, 345World Trade Center, 261World War I pilots, 65World War II

air power’s importance in, 141causes, 138–139Battle of Britain, 140–141, 155–156Battle of the Bulge, 164Battle of the Coral Sea, 166Battle of Midway, 166–167Pearl Harbor, 137–138

Wright Brothers, Wilbur and Orville, 30–42first manned powered flight, 6, 37kites, 32–33relationship with US Army, 40–42wing design, 34–35

Wright R-3350, 173Wright Whirlwind engines, 88, 92Wynne, Secretary Michael, 356–357

XX-34, 363

Yyaw, 39Yeager, Charles “Chuck”, 174

sound barrier and, 213Young, John, 345–346Yugoslavia, 139Yugoslavia, 275

ZZarya, 349Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von, 19, 73Zij-i Sultani, 297Zvezda, 349

Index438

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