6.3 - Malnutrition

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Prepared by:-Prepared by:-

MUHD FAZLI DOLLAHMUHD FAZLI DOLLAH

http://fazlie-http://fazlie-

biosenseiblo!spot"o#biosenseiblo!spot"o#

SBP INTEGRASISBP INTEGRASI

GOPENG,GOPENG,

GOPENG, PERAKGOPENG

, PERAK..


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LEARNINGLEARNING

OUTCOMESOUTCOMES $o e%plain &hat #aln'trition is$o e%plain &hat #aln'trition is $o e%plain the e(e"ts of #aln'trition$o e%plain the e(e"ts of #aln'trition

'sin! e%a#ples'sin! e%a#ples $o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the "han"e$o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the "han"e

of "ontra"tin! "ertain health proble#sof "ontra"tin! "ertain health proble#s

d'e to one)s dietd'e to one)s diet $o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the e(e"ts$o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the e(e"ts

of "ertain health proble#of "ertain health proble#


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Malnutrition and ItsMalnutrition and Its

EfectsEfects MalnutritionMalnutrition : la"* of one or #ore of: la"* of one or #ore of

the n'trients re+'ired in the diet tothe n'trients re+'ired in the diet to#aintain !ood health#aintain !ood health

,an be "a'sed by :,an be "a'sed by : A red'"ed inta*e of n'trientsA red'"ed inta*e of n'trients

'nderno'rish#ent.'nderno'rish#ent.

An inability to 'se absorbed n'trientsAn inability to 'se absorbed n'trients

$he fail're to #eet a re+'ired in"rease$he fail're to #eet a re+'ired in"reasein n'trient inta*ein n'trient inta*e

'trient loses'trient loses


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Malnutrition ItsMalnutrition Its

EfectsEfects 0 sta!es to pro1ide ener!y in "ases of0 sta!es to pro1ide ener!y in "ases of#aln'trition :#aln'trition :

$he "arbohydrate stores in the body are$he "arbohydrate stores in the body are'sed 'p'sed 'p

$he fat reser1es are o%idised$he fat reser1es are o%idised Proteins are bro*en do&n 2hen proteinProteins are bro*en do&n 2hen protein

le1els ha1e been red'"ed to half theirle1els ha1e been red'"ed to half theirnor#al 1al'e3 death &ill o""'rnor#al 1al'e3 death &ill o""'r

La"* of any n'trient "an "a'seLa"* of any n'trient "an "a'sede4"ien"y diseasesde4"ien"y diseases


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NutrientsNutrients Effects ofEffects ofdeficiencydeficiency

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

ProteinsProteins KwashiorkorKwashiorkor Stomach bloated, growth ofStomach bloated, growth ofbody and brain retarded,body and brain retarded,no appetite for food, weakno appetite for food, weakbodybody

Vitamin AVitamin A Night blindnessNight blindness

XerophthalmiaXerophthalmia

poor night visionpoor night vision

cornea dry opa!"ecornea dry opa!"e

Vitamin #Vitamin #$$ #eri%beri#eri%beri Swollen legs ankles,Swollen legs ankles,n"mbness in hands,n"mbness in hands,

m"sc"lar pain cramps,m"sc"lar pain cramps,fatig"e, loss of appetitefatig"e, loss of appetite

Vitamin #Vitamin #&& PellagraPellagra 'ermatitis (skin becomes'ermatitis (skin becomesred inflamed), diarrhoeared inflamed), diarrhoea

mental disorder mental disorder


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Vitamin #$*Vitamin #$*

+ron+ron

AnaemiaAnaemia ack of -# or haemoglobinack of -# or haemoglobinto transport o/ygento transport o/ygen

Vitamin Vitamin Sc"rvySc"rvy #leeding g"ms, br"ise skin,#leeding g"ms, br"ise skin,painf"l swollen 0oints,painf"l swollen 0oints,weaknessweakness

Vitamin 'Vitamin '

alci"malci"m

-ickets-ickets

1steoporosis1steoporosis

St"nted growth of bones St"nted growth of bones

teeth, weak bonesteeth, weak bones

#rittle bones which easily#rittle bones which easilybrokenbroken

+odine+odine 2oitre2oitre

retinismretinism

3nlarge thyroid glands3nlarge thyroid glands

Physical mental growthPhysical mental growthretardedretarded

Sodi"mSodi"m 4"sc"lar cramps4"sc"lar cramps S"dden painf"l contractionS"dden painf"l contractionof m"sclesof m"scles


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Efects o! E"cessi#e Inta$eEfects o! E"cessi#e Inta$e

o! Certain Nutrients ono! Certain Nutrients on

%ealt&%ealt&NutrientNutrient EffectsEffects CharacteristicsCharacteristics,arbohydrates,arbohydrates

s'!ar.s'!ar.Obesity &hi"h #ayObesity &hi"h #ay

lead to hi!h bloodlead to hi!h blood

press're3 diabetespress're3 diabetes

#ellit's3 heart#ellit's3 heartdiseasesdiseases

Dental "ariesDental "aries

5ody &ei!ht is #ore5ody &ei!ht is #ore

than 678 of thethan 678 of the

s'itable body &ei!hts'itable body &ei!ht

for a parti"'lar hei!htfor a parti"'lar hei!ht

$ooth de"ay d'e to the$ooth de"ay d'e to the

destr'"tion of thedestr'"tion of the

teeth)s ena#el by a"idsteeth)s ena#el by a"ids

&hi"h are prod'"ed by&hi"h are prod'"ed by

ba"teria fro#ba"teria fro#"arbohydrate"arbohydrate

LipidsLipids Atheros"lerosis as aAtheros"lerosis as a

res'lt of sat'ratedres'lt of sat'rated

ani#al fats.ani#al fats.

$he narro&in! 9$he narro&in! 9

hardenin! of arterieshardenin! of arteries


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ProteinsProteins o'to't

;tones in the *idney;tones in the *idney

&hi"h "an da#a!e the&hi"h "an da#a!e the

*idney*idney


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,al"i'#,al"i'# Atheros"lerosisAtheros"lerosis ,al"i'# deposits,al"i'# depositson the inner &allson the inner &alls

of arteries "a'sin!of arteries "a'sin!

the arteries tothe arteries to

harden 9 lose theirharden 9 lose theirelasti"ityelasti"ity


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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASES'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASES

HIH 5LOOD P@


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Also "an "a'se by e%"essi1e inta*e ofAlso "an "a'se by e%"essi1e inta*e of

salts3 tea 9 "o(ee &hi"h "an in"rease thesalts3 tea 9 "o(ee &hi"h "an in"rease the

rate of heart beat3 th's in"reasin! therate of heart beat3 th's in"reasin! theblood press'reblood press're

2ays to red'"e the ris* of H5P :2ays to red'"e the ris* of H5P : @ed'"e the inta*e of food &hi"h are ri"h in@ed'"e the inta*e of food &hi"h are ri"h in

sat'rated fats 9 "holesterolsat'rated fats 9 "holesterol


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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE

DIA5


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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE

1S531P1-1S+S1S531P1-1S+S6 '"e to the lack of calci"m, phosphor"s '"e to the lack of calci"m, phosphor"s

vitamin ' in the diet of an ad"ltvitamin ' in the diet of an ad"lt

6 ow density of the bone mass the bonesow density of the bone mass the bonesbecome thin brittle, easily brokenbecome thin brittle, easily broken

6 5he risk of contracting osteoporosis can be5he risk of contracting osteoporosis can bered"ced in the following ways 7red"ced in the following ways 7 +ntake of food rich in calci"m, phosphor"s vitamin+ntake of food rich in calci"m, phosphor"s vitamin

''

3/ercise fre!"ently3/ercise fre!"ently


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K)as&io$orK)as&io$or


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*ero+&t&alia*ero+&t&alia


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Beri(-eriBeri(-eri


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PELLAGRAPELLAGRA


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ANAEMIAANAEMIA


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SCUR./SCUR./


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RICKETS


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GOITREGOITRE


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AT%EROSCLEROSISAT%EROSCLEROSIS

OSTEOPOROS


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OSTEOPOROSOSTEOPOROS

ISIS


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OBESIT/OBESIT/


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GOUTGOUT

%IG% BLOO'%IG% BLOO'


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%IG% BLOO'%IG% BLOO'

PRESSUREPRESSURE

'IABETES'IABETES


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'IABETES'IABETES

MELLITUSMELLITUS


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E*ERCISE 012E*ERCISE 012

1.1.Explain what isExplain what is

malnutrition.malnutrition.

2.2.Explain the effects ofExplain the effects ofmalnutrition using examples.malnutrition using examples.

3.3.Describe ways to reduce theDescribe ways to reduce the

effects of certain healtheffects of certain healthproblems.problems.


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6.3 - Malnutrition

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