6.3 Cramer’s Ruleand GeometricInterpretationsof a Determinant

Finding area• The determinant of a 2x2 matrix

can be interpreted as the area of a

Parallelogram

(note the absolute values of the

determinant gives the indicated area)

• find the area of a parallelogram

• (see next slide for explanation)

For more information visithttp://www-math.mit.edu/18.013A/HTML/chapter04/section01.html

• 2 × 2 determinants and area• Recall that the area of the parallelogram spanned by a and b

is the magnitude of a×b. We can write the cross product of a = a1i + a2j + a3k and b = b1i + b2j + b3k as the determinant

• a × b = .

• Now, imagine that a and b lie in the plane so that

a3 = b3 = 0. Using our rules for calculating determinants we see that, in this case, the cross product simplifies to

• a × b = k.

• Hence, the area of the parallelogram, ||a × b||, is the absolute value of the determinant

VolumeDeterminants can also be used to find the

volume of a parallelepiped

Given the following matrix:

Det(A) is can be interpreted as the volume of the parallelpiped shown at the right.

• 3 × 3 determinants and volume• The volume of a parallelepiped spanned by the vectors

a, b and c is the absolute value of the scalar triple product (a × b) c. We can write the scalar triple ⋅product of a = a1i + a2j + a3k,

b = b1i + b2j + b3k, and c = c1i + c2j + c3k as the determinant

• (a × b) c = .Hence, the volume of the parallelepiped ⋅spanned by a, b, and c is |(a × b) c| = .⋅

How do determinants expand into higher dimensions?

We can not fully prove this until after chapter (a proof is on p. 276 of the text) However if the determinant of a matrix is zero then the vectors do not fill the entire region. (analogous to zero area or zero volume)

Cramer’s Rule

If one solves this system using augmented matrices the solution to this system is

Provided that Another way to find the solution is with

determinants

Cramer’s Rule states that

and

Where D is the determinant of ADx is the Determinant of A with the x column replaced by bDy is the Determinant of A with the y column replaced by b

Note: verify that this works by checking with the previous slide

Homework: p. 607 (8.5) Pre-Calc book 1-27 odd

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