6.2 Classifying the Elements Section 6-2

• A coin may contain much information in a small space—its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.

6.2 • Squares in the Periodic Table

– What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?

– periodic table displays: • symbols and names • information about the structure of atoms

6.2

– The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements.

• alkali metals – Group 1A

• alkaline earth metals – Group 2A elements are called.

• Halogens – Nonmetals – Group 7A

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6.2

• Electron Configurations in Groups – How can elements be classified based on their

electron configurations?

6.2

• Elements can be sorted based on their electron configurations. – noble gases – representative elements – transition metals – inner transition metals

6.2

• The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.

6.2

• noble gases – Group 8A – The electron configurations for the first four noble

gases are listed below.

6.2

• representative elements – groups 1A through 7A – display a wide range of physical and chemical

properties. • The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy

level are not filled. • The group number equals the number of electrons in

the highest occupied energy level.

6.2

– Group 1A elements below • only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.

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– 4A elements below • four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

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• Transition Elements • two types of transition elements

– transition metals – inner transition metals

• classified based on their electron configurations.

6.2

– transition metal • highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel

contain electrons.

– inner transition metal • highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel

generally contain electrons.

6.2

– Blocks of Elements

6.2

Quiz

1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?

A. color B. symbol C. atomic number D. atomic mass

2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level

A. an s2 electron. B. an s1 electron. C. p2 electrons. D. p6 electrons.

3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? A. Ne, noble gas B. Cu, transition metal C. Ga, transition metal D. Cl, halogen

4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals?

A. p B. d C. s D. f

END