Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry. Representing Chemical Reactions.
6.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS WHAT YOU WILL LEARN -the parts of a chemical reaction -how energy changes...
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Transcript of 6.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS WHAT YOU WILL LEARN -the parts of a chemical reaction -how energy changes...
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6.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN-the parts of a chemical reaction-how energy changes relate to chemical reactions-the importance of enzymes in organisms
MAIN IDEA:Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt
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CHEMICAL REACTION--process in which atoms are reorganized to make new substances:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
REACTANTS → PRODUCTS-subscript: # of atoms-coefficient: # of molecules-: direction of reaction
EXPLAIN: What is the relationship between a chemical bond and a chemical reaction?
-chemical BONDS created/broken by chemical REACTIONS
REACTANTS/PRODUCTS
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CONSERVATION of MASSMATTER cannot be created or destroyed
-atoms are NOT __________ or __________
# atoms in REACTANTS = # atoms in PRODUCTS
VIDEO CLIP
REACTANTS/PRODUCTS
created destroyed
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1- DETERMINE # atoms for each element –track w/tallies
2- PICK an element that is NOT equal on both sides of the equation
3- ADJUST your # atoms on each side of equation so both are equal
4- USE coefficients to show the # of atoms of each element on each side
____Mg + ____HCl ____MgCl2 + ____ H2
Mg= Mg=
H= H=
Cl= Cl=
____H2O2 ____H2O + ____O2
H= H=
O= O=
EXPLAIN why chemical equations must be balanced:
-matter neither created or destroyed
BALANCE EQUATIONS
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ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS: -absorbs energyCOLD -need MORE energy to form new bonds in
productsEx: photosynthesisEXOTHERMIC REACTIONS: -releases energyHOT -need MORE energy to break bonds in reactantsEx: sodium + chlorine table salt
DEMO
ENERGY of REACTIONS
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activation energy:-least amount energy needed to start a reaction---------------------------------------------------------------------------CATALYST-substances that __________activation energy
needed-anything that ________________ a chemical
reaction--------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
ENZYMES
LOWERS
speeds up
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Enzyme ANIMATION-special proteins-biological catalysts-COMPOSED OF:
-protein-PURPOSE:
-speeds up rate of chemical reactions in biological process-REUSABLE:
-YES--not used up in reaction-ACTIVITY LEVEL AFFECTED/INFLUENCED BY:
-pH, temperature, other substancesNATURALLY PRESENT in FRUIT / RAW FOOD
ENZYMES
-lower activation energy needed-speeds up reactions in living things
Each ENZYME usually “participates” in ONE type of reaction
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substrates—REACTANT
substrate binds to active site in enzyme
enzyme changes shape
enzyme releases product
ENZYMESLABEL 3 parts of process with brief description
ANALOGY: PUZZLE--right pieces fit--bend puzzle to change shape--pieces will pop out
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NAME some biological processes that require enzymatic activity-
-muscle contraction
-cell division
-digestion
ENZYMES/ BIOLOGICAL ENZYMES
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ENZYMES/ BIOLOGICAL ENZYMES: (EX/uses)
PROTEASE-secreted in pancreas / activated in small intestine-break down proteins-amino acids needed for body
LIPASE-produced by the pancreas-break down fats-used in digestion
AMYLASE-produced by pancreas /present in saliva-breaks down starch to sugar
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1- What principle can be applied to all chemical reactions?conservation of mass reactants formed from products
coefficient principle
2- The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction is called:principle mass absorbent energy activation
energy
3- What is the function of the enzyme-substrate?destroy the enzyme break and form chemical bonds
stop chemical reactions
4- In which of the following are bonds broken and new bonds formed?polar molecules chemical reactions isotopes
5- Which statement is true of chemical reactions?bonds break in reactants bonds break in products products
have fewer atoms than reactants
REVIEW/PRACTICE
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6-DESCRIBE the importance of enzymes to living organisms-speeds up biological chemical reactions
7- IDENTIFY/DESCRIBE 2 factors that can influence enzyme activity.-temp, pH, substrate concentration
REVIEW/PRACTICE
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REVIEW/PRACTICE
10- DESCRIBE the effect temperature has on the rate of the reactions. -temp increases the rate of both reaction within specific ranges
9- INFER which enzyme is more active in a human cellEnzyme A Enzyme B
EXPLAIN why--maximal activity around 37ºC
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6.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
AFTER YOU READExplain the role of chemical reactions in living things
All processes in living things are controlled by chemical reactions
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BONDS in REACTANTS molecules/compounds
break
ATOMS rearrange
new bonds form in PRODUCTSCH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
reactants → products subscript: # atoms in molecule coefficient: # of molecules
REACTANTS/PRODUCTS
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CALCULATE the number of atoms of each element in the chemical equation:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
ANAYLYZE—is equation balanced?STATE principle that explains why
# atoms in reactants = # atoms in products
REACTANTS/PRODUCTS
Element symbol
Element name # atoms in REACTANT
# atoms in PROCUCT
C carbonH hydrogenO oxygen
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MATCHING-____________min energy required for reactants to form
products-____________substance lowers energy needed to start
reaction-____________protein that is biological catalyst-____________molecule binds to an enzyme
ENZYMES
enzyme
substrate
catalyst
act energy
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EXOTHERMIC REACTION
Energy of PRODUCT is
LOWER than energy of REACTANTS
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
Energy of PRODUCT is
HIGHER than energy of REACTANTS
energy is absorbed gets COLD
energy is releasedgets HOT
ENERGY of REACTIONS
DEMO
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EXOTHERMIC—release energy
HOTENDOTHERMIC—absorb energy
COLD
ENERGY of REACTIONS
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SUMMARIZE:
ENZYMES
Activity levelaffected by:temp/pH
Purpose:speed up reactions
Composed of:proteins
Reusable?yes
ENZYMES
PARTICIPATES IN HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF REACTIONS? 1-Specific to each enzyme
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INTERPRET: pathway of reaction with an enzyme present
ENZYMES
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ILLUSTRATE enzyme-substrate complex in cartoon form
ENZYMES
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ENZYMESANALYZE the role of catalysts in chemical
reactions-speed up the reactionDESCRIBE the importance of enzymes in living
organisms-allow all biological functions to occur