6.2 Accessory Organs of the Skin Nails: -Nail plate -Nail bed (under plate) -Lunula (moon-shaped...
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Transcript of 6.2 Accessory Organs of the Skin Nails: -Nail plate -Nail bed (under plate) -Lunula (moon-shaped...
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6.2 Accessory Organs of the Skin
Nails: - Nail plate- Nail bed (under plate)- Lunula (moon-shaped region) covers the most
actively growing region.- Cells become keratinized
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Hair follicles:- Tube-like depression- Contains the hair root- Keratinized - Hair is composed of dead epidermal cells- Genes determine color: direct type and amount
of pigment that epidermal melanocytes produce.- No pigment --- white hair
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• Pigment – trichosiderin: found only in red hair.• Arrector pili muscle: attaches to each hair
follicle.• Muscle contracts, hair stands up.• Goose bumps
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Sebacceous glands: associated with hair follicles.
Holocrine glands: secrete an oily mixture of fatty material and cellular debris called sebum.
Keep the hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof.
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Sweat Glands- Sudoriferous glands- Exocrine glands- Tiny tube that orginates as a ball-shaped coil.- Eccrine glands: most numerous, respond to
body temperature.- Forehead, neck, back
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Sweat contains: - water - urea - uric acidApocrine glands: active at puberty, emotionally
upset, frightened, or in pain- axillary regions, groin
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6.3 Regulation of Body Temperature- 98.6 F or 37 C- Homeostatic mechanism- As body temp rises nerve impulses stimulate structures in the skin and other organs to release heat.- Hypothalamus – controls body temp.
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• Signals muscles of the wall of dermal blood vessels to relax.
• Vasodilation• Eccrine sweat glands: become active
Conserve heat: blood vessels constrict, weat glands become inactive.
Shivering: requires an increase in the rate of cellular respiration and produces heat as a by-product.
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80% of heat escape from the head.
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6.4 Healing of Wounds- inflammation: red and swollen - Blood vessels dilate and become more
permeable, forcing fluids to leave the blood vessels and enter the damaged tissues.
- Provide the tissues with more nutrients and oxygen, which aids healing.
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• Scrap – epithelial cells along its margin are stimulated to divide more rapidly and fill in the gap.
• Cut into dermis or subcutaneous – blood vessels break, and the blood forms a clot in the wound, protects underlying tissues.
• Fibroblasts: migrate to area and form new collagenous fibers closing the wound.
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• Phagocytic cells remove dead cells and other debris.