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who are on the wrong side of the digital

divide.

The simple computer or simputer,

which runs on three AAA batteries or

direct power supply costs just Rs. 9000,

which is its major advantage.

It has a special role in the third

world because it ensures that illiteracy

is no longer a barrier to handling a

computer.

The key to bridging the digital

divide is to have shared devices that

permit truly simple and natural user

interfaces based on sight, touch and

audio.

2. Geographical Indication

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A geographical indication or GI is a

sign used on goods that have a specific

geographical origin and possess qualities

or a reputation that are due to that

place of origin.

Most commonly, a geographical

indication consists of the name of the

place of origin of the goods.

Agricultural products typically have

qualities that derive from their place of

production and are influenced by

specific local factors, such as climate

and soil.

Whether a sign functions as a

geographical indication is a matter of

national law and consumer perception.

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Geographical indications may be used

for a wide variety of products, such

as, for example, Pochampally sarees,

Darjeeling tea were recently granted GI

registration.

3. Citizenship Amendment Act

The citizenship Act has now been

amended and it includes a new category

called overseas citizenship.

The Act now offers dual citizenship

to all those who migrated from the

country after January 26, 1950.

Those eligible to become citizens as

on January 26, 1950 can now apply for

dual citizenship.

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Overseas Citizenship is granted to

Indian citizens living in all countries

except Pakistan and Bangladesh.

4. Hugo Chavez

Was born on July 28th 1954,and is

61st and current President of Venezuela.

Together with Third World

independence from foreign

interventionism, and his vocal opposition

to both neoliberal globalization and U.S.

foreign policy.

5. Mahakali Treaty

A treaty was signed between Nepal

and India on 29 January 1996 and 12th

February 1996 to generate electricity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

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and develop the irrigation facilities, by

constructing a big dam in Pancheswor of

the Mahakali river, an international

border river to the south-west of

Nepal. This treaty is known as the

Mahakali Treaty.

It was signed for the first time

during the visit of Pranab Mukherjee,

the then Minister of Foreign Affairs of

India, to Nepal Prakash Chandra Lohani

signed the treaty as the minister of

foreign affairs of Nepal.

Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba,

during his visit to India later also signed

the treaty. Indian Prime Minister PV

Narasimha Rao signed on behalf of

India.

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6. Adjournment Motion

The primary object of an

adjournment motion, is to draw the

attention of the House to a recent

matter of urgent public importance,

having serious consequences, and in

regard to which a motion or a resolution

with proper notice will be too late.

The adjournment motion is thus an

extraordinary procedure, which, if

admitted, leads to setting aside the

normal business of the House for

discussing a definite matter of urgent

public importance.

The subject matter of the motion

must have a direct or indirect relation

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to the conduct or default on the part of

the Union Government and must

precisely pin-point the failure of the

Government of India in the performance

of its duties in accordance with the

provisions of the Constitution and Law.

7. Red Ribbon Express

In a bid to spread HIV/AIDS

awareness and to achieve behavioural

change among the vulnerable sections, a

train called Red Ribbon Express has

been planned.

To be flagged off simultaneously at

four places Kanyakumari, Jammu,

Jabalpur and Guwahati on August 15,

the nine-coach expresses will have

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about 120 performing artistes on board,

in addition to medical practitioners,

counsellors and activists.

Each train is scheduled to halt in at

least 80 villages, before culminating at

Nagpur in about six months' time.

8. Fatwa

A fatwa is a legal pronouncement in

Islam, issued by a religious law

specialist on a specific issue. Usually a

fatwa is issued at the request of an

individual or a judge to settle a question

where fiqh, or Islamicjurisprudence,

is unclear. A scholar capable of issuing

fatwas is known as a Mufti.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muftihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mufti

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Contrary to what is believed by

many non-Muslims, and even by the

majority of Muslims, a fatwa is not

binding on all persons professing the

Muslim faith. The only ones who are

obliged to obey any specific fatwa are

the mufti who issued it and his

followers.

9. E-Waste

Electronic waste or e-waste is any

broken or unwanted electrical or

electronic appliance.

E-waste includes computers,

entertainment electronics, mobile phones

and other items that have been

discarded by their original users.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

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As use of computers and electronics

grows, there is a marked preference

among the less ethical companies in

industrialised countres for transferring

the burden of handling e-waste to other

countries rather than adding the cost of

managing it to their overall operations.

Such harmful activity is being

pursued with the help of facilitating

agents in violation of the Basel

Convention of the United Nations

Environmet Programme, which bans

movement of hazardous waste.

10. Pluralism

Pluralism is a structuring principle of

society which is designed to permit the

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Structuring_principle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Structuring_principle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society

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peaceful coexistence of different

interests, convictions and lifestyles.

Pluralism, the affirmation of

diversity, is arguably one of the most

important features of modern societies

and social groups, and may be a key

factor of progress in science, society

and economic development.

Pluralism is connected with the hope

that this process of conflict and

dialogue will lead to a definition and

realization of the common good that is

best for all members of society.

Dear Law aspirant,

We have given below 10 important topics [with notes]

on GK segment which would be of immense help for

CLAT preparation. We shall send you some more

sample material in our next mail. Our course SRIRAM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_goodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good

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TARGET offers you exhaustive information and

reading materials on all areas to crack CLAT 2009

exam. Look up our site www.lawentrancecoaching.com

to know more about our courses. If you want to enrol,do send us a mail for any clarifications which you may

require.

SRIRAM LAW ACADEMY TEAM

Trainers for CLAT

1. Grants-in-aid Among the states of India ,

some are developed and

advanced, while others are

undeveloped or under developed

and backward.

It is the duty of the Union to

provide funds to the backward

States, to improve their lot.

Art.275 provides for this by

empowering Parliament to pay, out

of the Consolidated fund of India ,

certain sums, every year as

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grants-in-aid to the revenues of

such States.

The grants fixed are basedupon the recommendations of the

Finance Commission.

2. Insider Trading Insider trading means stock

exchange transactions by insiders.

These are people who through

their positions in or contacts with

companies obtain price sensitive

information, such as profits figures

or news of takeover bids, in a

more detailed and accurate form in

particular, earlier than outsiders,

who have to rely on published

information.

Insiders are able to profit by

their superior information, buying

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before share prices rise and selling

before share prices fall.

Insider dealing is restricted bystock exchange regulations.

3. Lok Pal & Lok Ayukta These are the Indian versions

of the concept of Ombudsman,

introduced originally in Sweden .

The Administrative Reforms

Commission, which was

constituted in 1966, felt the need

for such a body to address the

public grievances both at the

Centre as well at the State level in

India .

The Commission recommended

two types of Ombudsman, the Lok

Pal at the Central level and the Lok

Ayukta at the State level.

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Both these bodies were to be

bestowed with powers to inquire

into allegations of corruptionagainst public authorities and

grievances arising out of

administrative malfunctioning.

While a dozen states have

implemented Lok Ayukta, the

Parliament has failed through its

Bills to establish Lok Pal.

4. Kyoto Protocol From December 1st through

11th, 1997, more than 160 nations

met in Kyoto, Japan , to negotiate

binding limitations on greenhouse

gases for the developed nations,

pursuant to the objectives of the

Framework Convention on Climate

Change of 1992.

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The outcome of the meeting

was the Kyoto Protocol. The United

States agreed to reduce emissionsfrom 1990 levels by 7 percent

during the period 2008 to 2012.

They are required to reduce

emissions of GHGs by an average

of 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels

by 2012.

It has been in the news recently

as the lower Parliament of Russia,

the Dumas has ratified it, though

the U.S. has refused to do so,

claiming it discriminates against

developed countries.

It came into effect from

February16th 2005

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5. National DisasterManagement Authority

Prime Minister ManmohanSingh constituted a five-member

National Disaster Management

Authority (NDMA) to lay down

policies and plans.

The Prime Minister who is the

Chairman, heads it, the Deputy

Chairman is Gen.N. C.Vij, former

Army chief.

The NDMA will approve the

National Disaster Management

Plan.

It can lay down guidelines to be

followed by ministries and

departments of the Centre and any

State authority.

The NDMA will coordinate the

enforcement and implementation

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of the policies and plans for

disaster management and arrange

for and oversee provision of fundsfor mitigation, preparedness and

response.

6. Climate Change Climate Change is the change

in climate over a time period that

ranges from decades to centuries.

The term refers to both natural

and human induced changes. The

term climate variability refers to

shorter term (years to decades)

as those caused by El

Nino/Southern Oscillation.

An analysis of temperature

records shows that the Earth has

warmed an average of 0.5oC over

the past 100 years. The warming is

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real and significant though its

intensity has varied from decade

to decade, from region to regionand from season to season.

7. Hindu SuccessionAmendment Act

The Parliament in 2005,

unanimously passed the landmark

Hindu Succession (Amendment)

Bill 2004, which proposes to

remove discrimination against

women in the Hindu Succession

Act by giving equal rights to

Hindu, Buddhist, Jain or Sikh

women, including married

daughters, in the parental

property.

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8. Globalization Globalization is the process by

which the whole world becomes asingle market. It means that goods

and services, capital and labour

are traded on a worldwide basis,

and the information and the

results of research flow readily

between countries.

The globalization process

gained greater momentum with

the dawn of internet and the

liberalization of international trade

in services.

India is reaping benefits with

India becoming BPO giant and

Indian companies themselves

emerging as multinational

companies.

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9. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Sarva Shika Abhiyan, (SSA),

launched in November 2000 is anumbrella programme aiming to

ensure five years in primary

education for all children in the

age group 6-14 years by 2007 and

eight years of schooling by 2010.

The programme addresses the

needs of 192 million children in 11

lakh habitations. 8.5 lakh existing

primary and upper primary schools

and 33 lakh existing teachers

would be covered under the

scheme which is implemented in

partnership with the states.

The programme has now been

renamed as Rastriya Shiksha

Abhiyan

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10. National Commission on

FarmersIn February 2004, government

of India constituted a National

Commission on Farmers to

examine various issues

confronting the Indian farmers and

to suggest appropriate

interventions for improving the

economic viability and

sustainability of diversified

agriculture, including horticulture,

livestock dairy and fisheries, and

for doubling the farmers income.

The commission was

reconstitution in November, 2004

The reconstituted National

Commission on Farmers is headed

by Dr.M.S.Swaminathan and is

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expected to submit its final report

within two years.

Date: Tue, 2 Sep 2008 22:23:43 +0530 (IST)

From:

"sriram vidyashram"

Add to

Address Book

Subject:SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR CLAT

To: bhavishyari@yahoo.com

ear Law aspirant,

he following is a set of sample questions on theK segment for CLAT 2009. You may attempthese questions to know your comfort level.

RIRAM TEAM

rainers for CLATwww.lawentrancecoaching.com

1) Longest mountain range in the world is

a. Himalayas

b. Andes

c. Karakoram

d. Ural mountains

2) Duncan Passage is located between

http://document.frmaddaddrs.submit%28%29/http://document.frmaddaddrs.submit%28%29/http://www.lawentrancecoaching.com/http://messenger.yahoo.com/messenger/download/index.htmlhttp://messenger.yahoo.com/messenger/download/index.htmlhttp://document.frmaddaddrs.submit%28%29/http://document.frmaddaddrs.submit%28%29/http://www.lawentrancecoaching.com/

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a. South and Little Andaman

b. North and South Andaman

c. North and Middle Andaman

d. Andaman and Nicobar

3) The Tropic of Cancer passes through

a. India and Iran

b. Iran and Pakistan

c. India and Saudi Arabia

d. Iran and Iraq4) Match List 1 (National Parks / Sanctuaries)

with List II (States) and select he correct answer

using the codes given below the lists:

List I (National Parks / Sanctuaries) List

II (States)

A. Nandadevi National Park 1.

Rajasthan

B. Keoladeo National

Park 2. Assam

C. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary

3. GujaratD. Sasan Gir National Park

4. Mizoram

5. Uttaranchal

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A B

D

a. 2 3

1

b. 5 1

3

c. 2 1

3

d. 5 31

5) Match List I with List II and select the

correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List I List II

A. Chilka

ake 1.

erala

B.

lappuzha

2. Orissa

C. Fortguda

. Port Blair

D. Cellular Jail National

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Memorial 4. Goa

5. Hyderabad

A B

D

a. 2 1

3

b. 3 4

2c. 2 4

3

d. 3 1

2

6) Match List I (Major Ports) with List II (States)

and select the correct answer using the codes given

below the Lists:

List I (Major Ports) List II

(States)

A. Jawaharlal Nehru Port

. Tamil NaduB. Paradip

ort 2. Maharashtra

C. Kandla

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ort 3. Orissa

D. Ennore

ort 4. Gujarat

A

C D

a. 4 1

2 3

b. 2 3

4 1c. 4 3

2 1

d. 2 1

4 3

7) Mahe, which is situated on the Malabar Coast

on the Western Ghats, is a part of

a. Kerala

b. Maharashtra

c. Pondicherry

d. Tamil Nadu

8) Radcliff line is a boundary line betweena. India & Bangladesh

b. India & Bhutan

c. India & China

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d. India & Pakistan

9) Which one of the following countries does not

border Mediterranean Sea?

a. Malta

b. Libya

c. Italy

d. Bulgaria

10) The Tropic of Cancer passes through

a. Biharb. Gujarat

c. Uttar Pradesh

d. Orissa

11) Match List I (Cities) with List II (Climate

types) and select the correct answer using the codes

given below the Lists:

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List I

(Cities)

List II (Climate

Types)

A.

Aucklan

d

B.

Lagos

C.

SanFrancisc

o

D.

Shangha

i

1.

Mediterranean

2. Humid

Subtropical

3. Marine

West

European4. Equatorial

A B C D

a.

b.

c.

d.

2

3

2

3

1

2

4

1

4

1

1

4

3

3

3

2

12) Which one of the following mountain peaks of

the Himalayas is NOT in India?

a. Annapurna

b. Nanda Devi

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c. Mt. Kamet

d. Kanchenjunga

13) Most of the ozone in the atmosphere is

concentrated in the

a. Ionosphere

b. Mesosphere

c. Stratosphere

d. Troposphere

14) Match List I (Industries) with List II(Locations) and select the correct answer using the

codes given below the lists:

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List I

(Industries

)

List II

(Locations)

A.

Cement

B.

Paper

C.

Fertiliser

D.

Photofi

lm

1.

Sindri

2.

Ootacam

und

3.Nepa

Nagar

4.

Katni

A B C Da.

b.

c.

d.

4

1

4

1

3

2

2

3

1

4

1

4

2

3

3

2

15) Which one of the following is a land-locked

country?

a. Angola

b. Mozambique

c. Namibia

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d. Zambia

16) Which of the following is concerned with the

description and mapping of the main features of the

Universe?

a. Cosmology

b. Astronomy

c. Cosmography

d. Geomorphology

17) Which countries are separated by the McMahonLine?

a. India and China

b. India and Afghanistan

c. India and Pakistan

d. India and Bangladesh

18) Savanna grasslands are found in

a. Australia

b. Africa

c. East Asia

d. South America

19) Which one of the following pairs of States andtribes is not correctly matched?

a. Assam :

Miri

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b. Nagaland :

Konyak

c. Arunachal Pradesh : Apatani

d. Madhya Pradesh : Lambada

20) Where on the Earth is the greatest mass of ice

found?

a. Siberia

b. Greenland

c. Antarcticad. Iceland

21) Which boundary line separates the USA and

Canada?

a. The 38th Parallel

b. The 49th Parallel

c. Magi not Line

d. Durand Line

22) In which country is the worlds highest

waterfall, the Angel Falls, situated?

a. Venezuela

b. South Africac. Norway

d. New Zealand

23) Which geographical term is used to describe the

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dates when days and nights are of equal duration?

a. solstice

b. equinox

c. isonomal

d. isohaline

24) Which boundary line separates France and

Germany?

a. The 38th parallel

b. Magi notc. Oder Niesse Line

d. Hindenberd Line

25) Which country is known as the Land of the

Morning Calm?

a. Japan

b. Korea

c. Taiwan

d. Thailand

26) Through which country does the Prime Meridian

pass?

a. USAb. Britain

c. Switzerland

d. Germany

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27) Which is the second smallest continent in the

world?

a. Australia

b. Antarctica

c. Europe

d. South America

28) Which country is known as the Land of the

Thunderbolt?

a. Bhutanb. Korea

c. Japan

d. Taiwan

29) In which continent is the Andes mountain range

situated?

a. North America

b. South America

c. Europe

d. Africa

30) Which is the longest river of the world?

a. The Nileb. The Mississippi Missouri

c. The Yangtze

d. The Amazon

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volcanic mountain?

a. Catskill

b. Mt. Fujiyama

c. Mt. Vesuvius

d. Chimborazo

36) What was the earlier name of Taiwan?

a. Siam

b. Zaire

c. Malayad. Formosa

37) Where is the Eiffel Tower located?

a. Rome

b. Paris

c. Athens

d. Berlin

38) Which canal connects the Mediterranean Sea

and the Red Sea?

a. Suez Canal

b. Panama Canal

c. Kiel Canald. Gotta Canal

39) Across which countries is the Gobi desert

spread?

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a. Mongolia, Chine

b. Nigeria, Niger

c. Botswana, South Africa

d. India, Pakistan

40) Which is the greatest desert in the World?

a. The Sahara

b. The Australian

c. The Arabian

d. The Gobi41) Which ocean does the Amazon River flow into?

a.. The Indian Ocean

b.. The Pacific Ocean

c.. The Atlantic Ocean

d.. The Mediterranean Sea

42) Which is the largest country in terms of area?

a. Canada

b. India

c. USA

d. Russia

43) In which country does the river Mackenzie flow?a. Canada

b. USA

c. Mexico

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d. Brazil

44) In which country is Toronto located?

a. Japan

b. Canada

c. USA

d. Italy

45) Which country is known as the Hermit Kingdom?

a. Palestine

b. Thailandc. Korea

d. Bhutan

46) How many kilometres below the Earths surface

do most earthquakes originate?

a. 5

b. 25

c. 45

d. 60

47) In which country is the Mongefossen waterfall

situated?

a. Norwayb. New Zealand

c. Venezuela

d. France

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48) In which country is Bristol located?

a. Britain

b. Spain

c. Germany

d. Austria

49) In which country is the Kalahari Desert

situated?

a. Zimbabwe

b. Zambiac. Zaire

d. South Africa

50) Which is the highest peak in Europe?

a. Glittertind

b. Mount Elbrus

c. Mont Blanc

d. Bohemia